APPENDIX B. EXAMPLE CLEAN-UP SCENARIOSlocal.esso.com/Chad-English/PA/Files/SectB.prn.pdf · APPENDIX B. EXAMPLE CLEAN-UP SCENARIOS ... 3 Pipeline leak, KP 10 – Land, Chad 25 1 EEPCI,

General Oil Spill Response Plan EXAMPLE CLEAN-UP SCENARIOS

Appendix B Page B-1 of 26 Septembert 1999

APPENDIX B. EXAMPLE CLEAN-UP SCENARIOS Scenarios are presented to illustrate the anticipated manner in which EEPCI, COTCO, TOTCO and supporting resources may be used for control, containment, protection and cleanup of spills under various hypothetical situations. The presentation of these scenarios does not imply that such spills are expected. Numerous oil spill prevention and minimization measures have been incorporated throughout the design, and furthermore, all facets of the Project will adhere to international regulations/codes and comply with all operations integrity management systems expectations. In addition, proven technology, design, materials, and construction techniques will be used. To facilitate training and operation, standardized equipment and simple designs will be used. Additional prevention and mitigation measures planned for the Project include: • internal and external corrosion control measures; • berms around oil storage tanks; • burying the pipeline and flow lines to avoid third party external damage; • strategic placement of block valves or check valves to reduce spill potential; • a pressure reduction station to protect pipeline shut-down pressures and provide surge

relief; • oily water collection systems at major facilities, • 24-hour manned automation System Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) monitoring; • leak detection systems; • visual monitoring; and • emergency shut down systems.

Planned safeguards that are unique to the FSO include the following (specifications relating to the FSO are built into the Project’s design specifications as summarized in Appendix F): • a guard vessel to prevent third party collision; • long range radar; • designated vessel navigation exclusion zones; • single point mooring; • tandem loading of tankers; • minimization of wing tank static oil head in excess of external water pressure; and • ballast tanks that are located adjacent to the service vessel landing areas.

In addition to prevention planning, contingency planning is a critical step in spill response planning. The scenarios have been selected to provide information suitable for estimating and evaluating early response capacities and procedures. The scenarios represent a range of conditions that may be expected from spills. The scenarios describe possible situations and response actions, and are used to convey to the reader a typical sequence of events as might unfold during an actual event. These or comparable scenarios may be used in the future as the setting for one or more exercises. The situations described and response options and actions indicated are illustrative only.

The descriptions provided in the example scenarios identify key response objectives and countermeasure strategies that may be utilized as part of control, protection, and



cleanup activities. Detailed tactical information, such as protection sites, protection priorities, containment boom locations and anchor points, staging areas, and other aspects of the response will be developed and described in the ASOSRPs.

Example Scenarios The scenarios presented in the following were selected as representative of the most likely cleanup conditions that might be expected should a spill occur. These example scenarios illustrate the range of response activities that may confront EEPCI, COTCO and TOTCO (Table B-1). The scenarios are representative of the three basic response environments in which response teams may be involved: land, river, and offshore (Fig. B-1). The two land scenarios represent the range of possible discharges for spill response: a small discharge and a Tier 3 discharge to land based from a calculated maximum outage. River scenarios were selected to represent various conditions: dry vs. wet season response issues, response activities on International Water Ways, and a spill on the widest river crossing, the Lom River (180m). Offshore scenarios were selected to illustrate response to a small, transfer-related discharge and the response issues that accompany spill response to a major discharge at the FSO.

Spill Size The spill sizes in the example scenarios range from 10 to 50,000 bbls. These spill sizes and settings were selected to illustrate response and cascading of equipment, manpower, and other resources for EEPCI, COTCO, and TOTCO at Tiers 1, 2, and 3 (e.g., COTCO response at Lom River and offshore: EEPCI/TOTCO response on land at KP10; EEPCI at the Nya River; and COTCO, EEPCI/TOTCO, ECI, and possibly other international contractors/cooperatives for response along International Water Ways).

Oil Type All scenarios presented involve crude oil discharges. The fate and effects of the crude oil spills are simulated using the characteristics of a Bunker C fuel oil (see Section 4 and Appendix E of this GOSRP). The cumulative characteristics of the Chad Crude behave similarly to those of Bunker C fuel oil.



Table B-1. Summary of Oil Spill Scenarios Scenario Number

Setting Volume (bbl)

Tier Est.

Potential Responders*

1 Transfer hose gasket leak – FSO, Offshore

10 1 COTCO

2 Gathering line leak, Nya River, Chad

10 1 TOTCO, EEPCI

3 Pipeline leak, KP 10 – Land, Chad

25 1 EEPCI, TOTCO

4 Transfer Hose Break, FSO, Offshore

575 2-3 COTCO, ECI, Mutual Aid

5 Pipeline Integrity Leak, Mbéré River, KP 177 – (International Waterway)

5,000 2-3 TOTCO, COTCO, EEPCI, ECI, Mutual Aid

6 Pipeline Integrity Leak, Puako River, KP 264, Cameroon

10,000 2-3 COTCO, ECI

7 Pipeline Integrity Leak, Lim River, KP 138, Chad

5,000 2-3 TOTCO, EEPCI, ECI, Mutual Aid

8 Pipeline Integrity Leak, Lom River, KP 535, Cameroon

5,000 2-3 COTCO, ECI, Mutual Aid

9 Hull Failure, FSO, Offshore

50,000 3 COTCO, ECI, Mutual Aid, OSRL

10 Damaged Pipeline, KP 10, Land, Chad

35,000 3 TOTCO, EEPCI, ECI, Mutual Aid, OSRL

*Note: Mutual Aid organizations and oil spill response cooperatives, such as OSRL, are identified as candidate organizations that are available subject to services agreements.



B.1 Scenario No. 1

Typical FSO loading third party tanker (tandem mooring) Transfer Hose Gasket Leak — FSO, Offshore A gasket leak in a transfer hose between the FSO vessel and third party tanker has resulted in the release of approximately 10 bbls of crude oil to the sea before pumping was halted. Conditions are assumed to be relatively calm, with winds at less than 5 knots from the west.



Example Response (Tier 1) — Transfer Hose Gasket Leak — FSO, Offshore

Equipment/Personnel Objectives/Strategies/Tactics

Objectives To safely contain and recover the oil near the spill source.

Control Transfer pumps are shutdown and all transfer valves closed.

Notification Transfer personnel communicate with the FSO Superintendent who then reports/communicates with the COTCO Operations Manager. COTCO Operations Manager notifies PSMC.

Response Team The FSO (COTCO) SRT is activated and the spill support vessel is standing by.

Tracking/Surveillance Aerial surveillance is launched with trained observer on board to determine the slick size, movement, and possible impacts to sensitive areas or offshore operations.

Containment Containment boom is launched from the spill support vessel to encircle the main body of the slick.

Protection Surveillance reveals that no sensitive shoreline areas are at threat. No protection measures are therefore required along the shoreline.

Recovery The SRT launches a skimmer from the spill support vessel into the contained oil and begins recovery.

Clean-up Clean-up activities entail only equipment decontamination as all the spilled oil is confined to on water.

Temporary Storage and Disposal

Recovered oil and oily waste is transferred to onboard storage tanks aboard the spill support vessel or tenders.



B.2 Scenario No. 2

Gathering Line Leak, Nya River, Chad A leak in a 18-inch gathering line between Miandoum and Belabo Fields has resulted in the release of approximately 10 bbls of crude oil into the Nya River (Chad). This scenario is for the dry season in which the river is approximately 35 m wide. Flow conditions in the river are at a minimum and movement is to the NE. The river banks are sandy with some rock with native grasses, shrubs, and sporadic small trees. The spill location is accessible from both banks and a major field road connecting the three-field area is nearby.

TYPICAL

Nya RiverCHAD

TYPICAL

N

Spill Site

Road

18-inch pipeline



Example Response (Tier 1) — Gathering Line Leak, Nya River, Chad


Objectives To safely contain and recover the oil as near to the source as possible and to reduce impact to the river shoreline and downstream sensitivities.

Control The gathering line is isolated via manual shutdown valves.

Notification The surveillance personnel communicate with the EEPCI Field Superintendent who then notifies EEPCI Operations Manager. Operations Manager notifies CTNSC.

Response Team The EEPCI/TOTCO SRT team is activated.

Tracking/Surveillance Surveillance personnel are dispatched along the river to determine the size and extent of the slick.

Containment River boom is deployed from the banks to deflect the slick to a collection point for recovery.

Protection Containment boom adequately controls the spill. No resources are at threat from non-contained oil.

Recovery A small skimmer is deployed upstream of the re-direction boom near the bank. Recovered oil is pumped to barrels on the bank.

Cleanup Oiled sand and debris is manually collected using hand tools (shovels and rakes) and placed in bags at specified sites for subsequent collection. All equipment is decontaminated.

Temporary Storage & Disposal Collected materials are transferred to the Komé disposal facilities.



B.3 Scenario No. 3

Pipeline Leak, KP 10 – Land, Chad A pipeline leak located at KP 10 (Chad) has resulted in a 25 bbl spill of crude oil to the surrounding land. The site is accessible from the main haul road. Conditions at the time of the spill are assumed to be dry. The area is characterized by flat sandy terrain with some nearby agriculture.

TYPICAL

KP 10CHAD

TYPICALN

Spill Site

pipeline



Example Response (Tier 1) — Pipeline Leak, KP 10 – Land, Chad


Objectives To safely contain and recover as much of the spill as possible.

Control Pipeline clamps are applied until permanent repairs can be made.

Notification The report of discharge is received by the TOTCO MA-1 Superintendent who then notifies the EEPCI Operations Manager. EEPCI Operations Manager notifies CTNSC.

Response Team The MA-1 SRT is activated under command of the MA Superintendent.

Tracking/Surveillance The spill is contained by existing topography. The affected area is staked to delineate clean-up zone.

Containment Small berms are built to limit the spread of oil. Oil is contained to area approximately 300m2

Protection No resources are at threat from this discharge. No protection measures are required.

Recovery A vacuum truck (or system) is deployed to the site to recover the oil.

Cleanup

Sorbents are applied and heavily oiled materials removed. Other material is left in-situ, nutrients are added, and the area is monitored on an ongoing basis until hydrocarbons are reduced to permissible levels based on NEBA considerations.

Storage and Disposal Collected materials are transferred by truck to disposal facilities at Komé.



B.4 Scenario No. 4

Transfer Hose Break, FSO, Offshore A rupture in a transfer hose at the FSO has resulted in the release of approximately 575 bbls of crude oil before pumping was stopped. Sea conditions are relatively calm, skies are clear, and winds are less than 10 knots from the northwest.

9° 48" 10° 24"9° 12"3° 30"

3° 0"

2° 30"

wind10 knots

FSO

Kribi

N

TYPICAL

575 bbl Oil Spill trajectoryafter 5 days

TYPICAL



Example Response (Tier 2–3) — Transfer Hose Break, FSO, Offshore


Objectives To safely control the spread of as much of the oil as possible and to reduce shoreline impact.

Control Transfer pumps are shutdown, all valves closed, and hoses are blank flanged.

Notification

The transfer personnel communicate with the FSO Superintendent who then communicates with the COTCO Operations Manager. The COTCO Operations Manager assumes command and contacts PSMC,

Response Team The FSO (COTCO) SRT is activated and the spill support vessel mobilized.

Tracking/Surveillance Aerial surveillance is launched with trained assessment personnel on-board to determine the size, movement, and possible impacts of the slick to shorelines and offshore activities.

Dispersant

Dispersant is applied to those parts of the slick that are not contained by the boom. Communication with the surveillance personnel ensures that the thicker slicks closest to shore are dispersed first.

In-Situ Burning If appropriate, oil pooled naturally along the shoreline may be burned.

Cascaded Resources

Notifications are made to Clean Nigeria Associates and Mutual Aid companies to request that spill response equipment be put on stand-by and be mobilized, as needed. ECI specialists are placed on stand-by for possible assistance.

Containment

Containment boom is launched from the spill support vessel. Part of the slick, which is drifting to the southeast at approximately 0.35 knots, is encircled with the boom. Communication between boom personnel and overflight personnel ensures that areas of concentrated oil are contained first, where feasible.

Protection

SRT personnel are tasked to identify and to notify any offshore fishing boats of the spill and response activities. A shoreline protection team pre-stages boom for possible deployment in mangrove areas south of Kribi.

Recovery The response team launches skimmers from the spill support vessel into the contained oil and begins recovery.

Clean-up Sorbent boom and manual labor is used to collect any oil that reaches the shoreline. All spill equipment is decontaminated as part of demobilization.

Temporary Storage & Disposal

Oil collected by the skimmers is off-loaded to storage aboard the support vessel and tenders. Final disposal is tasked to the Waste Disposal Supervisor.



B.5 Scenario No. 5

Pipeline Integrity Leak, Mbéré River, KP 177 (International Water Way) A pipeline integrity leak has resulted in a 5,000 bbl crude oil spill into the Mbéré River, located at KP 177 on the border of Chad and Cameroon. Flow in the river is to NE, toward Lake Chad. Flow conditions are assumed to be during a period of high water, with an estimated flow up to 1m/s (2 knots). Access to the spill location is available on the SW bank. The river banks are typically sand and rock in this area. Key consideration: International Water Way

TYPICAL

Mbéré RiverCHAD/CAMEROON

BorderUTM Zone 33, Datum WGS-84

TYPICAL

Spill Site

Cameroon(MA-2)

Chad(MA-1)

N

pipeline

current



Example Response (Tier 2–3) — Pipeline Integrity Leak, Mbéré River, KP 177 (International Water Way)



Control Pipeline valves are closed until temporary or permanent repairs can be made.

Notification

Personnel reporting the spill communicate with the Facility Supervisors from EEPCI/TOTCO (Chad) and COTCO (Cameroon), who then notify the respective General Managers. The General Managers assume IC roles for their respective countries and activate Tier 2 response teams. Calls made to PSMC and CTNSC.

Response Team SRTs from EEPCI/TOTCO (MA-1) and COTCO (MA-2) are activated.

Cascaded Resources ECI, Mutual Aid, and international OSRs are placed on standby. If required, elements of a Tier 3 response will be deployed.

Tracking/Surveillance The aerial surveillance is launched with trained assessment personnel on-board to determine the extent, movement, and possible impacts of the slick down river.

In-Situ Burning

In-situ burning is considered as possible countermeasure if areas of concentrated oil are contained by log boom, or through natural collection into quiet waters. Burning is also considered for use on scene to minimize waste stream.

Containment Multiple boom lines are deployed from the river bank to deflect the slick into pools along the bank where it can be recovered.

Protection

SRT personnel are tasked to notify water users of possible oiling down stream. Aerial surveillance monitors for livestock watering along river or other users. Exclusion boom is readied for dispatch to protect any key habitats at threat identified during overflights.

Recovery Skimmers are deployed into the contained oil and recovery is initiated into tanks positioned on the river banks.

Clean-up

Oiled vegetation is cut avoiding roots and tree trucks. Rock banks are washed with water and oiled debris and soil is removed to the extent established through NEBA. If appropriate, rock would be pre-soaked with cleaning agents such as Corexit 9580.


Collected oil is pumped from tanks on river banks to trucks for transfer to disposal facilities. Where possible, recovered oil is recycled. Remaining oily waste is disposed through incineration or other means.



B.6 Scenario No. 6

Pipeline Integrity Leak, Puako River, KP 264, Cameroon A pipeline integrity leak has resulted in a 10,000 bbl crude oil spill into the Puako River (KP 264, Cameroon). Flow in the Puako River is to SE toward the Mbéré River. Water conditions at the time of the spill are assumed to be high water but not flooding, with estimated flow rates of up to 1m/s (2 knots). The terrain is characterized by rolling hills and ravines as river descends the Mbéré Escarpment to the flood plain. At the location of this spill, the river width is approximately 60m. Rock outcrops and intermittent trees and shrubs characterize the banks.

TYPICAL

Spill Site

N

TYPICAL

Puako River CrossingCameroon

Flowdirection

Flowdirection



Example Response (Tier 2–3) — Pipeline Integrity Leak, Puako River, KP 264



Control Pipeline shut-in until temporary and permanent repairs can be made.

Notification

The initial spill report is communicated to the COTCO Operations Manager who then notifies COTCO General Manager and PSMC. Operations Manager assumes IC role and activates Tier 2 resources from COTCO, oil spill coops, and expertise as required from ECI.

Response Team

The MA-2 (COTCO) spill response team is activated. MA-1 (EEPCI/TOTCO) spill response team placed on standby for protective measures in case oil reaches Mbéré River and Chad/Cameroon border.

Cascaded Resources If required, elements of Tier 3 response will be deployed.

Tracking/Surveillance Aerial surveillance is launched with trained assessment personnel on board to determine the size and areas threatened by spill.

Containment River boom is deployed in several lines of cascading arrangements from the river toward the bank to deflect the slick into pools along the bank where it can be recovered.

Protection

SRT personnel are tasked to notify water users of possible oiling down stream. Aerial surveillance monitors for livestock watering along river or other users. Exclusion boom is dispatched to keep oil out of the Mbéré River and to protect any key habitats at threat identified during overflights.

Recovery

Skimmers are deployed into the contained and pooled oil and oil is pumped to portable tanks along the shoreline. Each skimmer is part of a recovery unit or self-contained package that can be applied to designated sites.

Cleanup

All clean-up is directed under NEBA guidelines. Oiled vegetation is burned in areas of heavy oiling. Other areas are washed using low pressure flooding. Oiled rock is pressure washed and, if appropriate, pre-soaked with cleaning agents such as Corexit 9580. Oiled soil and vegetation is manually removed for processing.


Portable tanks, trucks, and pits are used for temporary storage and for transfers to larger storage at the Maintenance Areas. Disposal options considered include recycling, incineration, and land farming.

In-situ Burning In-situ burning is considered impractical for response at time of spill due to fast moving water and limited areas of oil concentration. Oiled vegetation and sorbents may be incinerated on site.



B.7 Scenario No. 7

Pipeline Integrity Leak, Lim River, KP 138, Chad A pipeline integrity leak has resulted in a 5,000 bbl crude oil spill into the Lim River (KP 138, Chad). The Lim River flows NE toward Lake Chad at this scenario location. Flow conditions are assumed to be high water but not flooding, with estimated flow rates of up to 1m/s (2 knots). The river banks are sandy silt and vegetated and the width, under these flow conditions, is approximately 70m. Rock outcrops and sand bars occur in river in this area.

TYPICAL

Lim RiverCHAD

70 m width

TYPICALN

Spill Sitepipeline

current



Example Response (Tier 2–3) — Pipeline Integrity Leak, Lim River, KP 138, Chad


Objectives To safely contain and recover the oil as near to the source as possible and to reduce impacts to the river shoreline and downstream sensitivities.

Control Pipeline shut-in until repairs can be made.

Notification

Initial spill responders communicate with the EEPCI Operations Manager who then notifies EEPCI General Manager and CTNSC. The Operations Manager assumes IC role and activates Tier 2 resources from EEPCI/TOTCO and expertise as required from ECI.

Response Team The MA-1 (EEPCI/TOTCO) SRT is activated.

Tracking/Surveillance An overflight is launched with trained assessment personnel on board to determine the size, extent, movement, leading edge and possible impacts of the slick.

Containment

River boom is deployed from the river banks to deflect the slick toward collection points and sumps along the shoreline where it can be recovered. Log boom is also considered for re-direction and possible containment during in-situ burning.

Protection

SRT personnel are tasked to notify water users of possible oiling down stream. Aerial surveillance team monitor for water use along river down stream. Exclusion boom is dispatched to keep oil out of any key habitats at threat identified during overflights.

Recovery Skimmers are deployed into the contained oil along the shoreline where recovery is initiated. Each skimmer is part of a recovery unit or self-contained package that can be moved to designated sites.

Cleanup

Clean-up under NEBA guidelines include washing using low pressure flooding, manual clean-up, and bioremediation. Oiled rock is pressure washed, and if appropriate pre-soaked with cleaning agents such as Corexit 9580. Oiled soil and vegetation is manually removed for processing.


Recovered oil from skimmers is pumped to portable tanks positioned along the river bank. Oily solids are accumulated in bermed temporary storage area with plastic lining and. Disposal would include recycling and incineration.

In-situ Burning Oil concentrated in pools or in quiet water areas are considered for burning. Oiled vegetation is burned in areas of heavy oiling.

Cascaded Resources If required, elements of Tier 3 response will be deployed.



B.8 Scenario No. 8

Pipeline Integrity Leak, Lom River, KP 535, Cameroon A pipeline integrity leak has resulted in a 5,000 bbl crude oil spill into the Lom River (KP 535, Cameroon) Flow at the scenario location is SW toward the Sanaga River. High water conditions are assumed for this scenario, but not at flood stage. Flow rates in the river are assumed to be up to 1m/s (2 knots). The river width at the spill location is approximately 180m and banks are stable, sandy silt with rock and dense vegetation. Key considerations : Deng-Deng Forest and Sanaga River

TYPICAL

Lom RiverCAMEROON

TYPICAL

Spill Location

N

pipeline

current



Example Response (Tier 2–3) — Pipeline Integrity Leak, Lom River, KP 535, Cameroon



Control Pipeline shut-in until temporary or permanent repairs are made.

Notification

Initial responders communicate with the COTCO MA-3 Superintendent who then notifies the COTCO Operations Manager. The Operations Manager assumes the IC role and activates Tier 2 response of other COTCO resources with support from designated External Resources. PSMC is advi sed of the response. If required elements of a Tier 3 response will be deployed.

Response Team The MA-3 (COTCO) SRT is activated.

Tracking/ Surveillance

An overflight is launched with trained assessment personnel on-board to determine the size, extent, leading edge, and possible impacts of the slick. A boat crew is dispatched for on-water assessments.

Containment River boom is deployed in successive cascading arrangements from the river bank to deflect the slick into pools and collection points along the river banks where the oil can be recovered.

Protection

SRT personnel are tasked to notify water users of possible oiling down stream with particular attention to settlements. Aerial surveillance team monitor for water use along river down stream. Boom is dispatched to exclude oil from the Sanaga River and to protect key habitats at threat identified during overflights.

Recovery

A series of small skimmers are deployed into the contained oil along the river banks and recovery is initiated. Self-contained skimmer, pump, and portable tank packages are used at designated cleanup sites.

Clean-up

All cleanup options are conducted within NEBA guidelines. Oiled vegetation is manually cut in areas of heavy oiling. Corexit 9580 is applied to pre-soak rocks along banks with heavy oil. Low pressure flushing and manual labor are used to remove concentrated oil along banks. Bioremediation is considered viable for final clean-up.


Fast tanks and barrels set up along shoreline for transfers to tank trucks. Tank trucks transfer recovered oil to Komé for recycling. Oiled solids and vegetation are stored in temporary lined pits and are incinerated either on-site or at the MA facilities.

In-Situ Burn In-situ burning is considered as a response option for areas of contained and concentrated oil where recovery operations are impractical.

Cascaded Resources External resources from Mutual Aid, international OSRs, and ECI are on standby for mobilization, as required.



B.9 Scenario No. 9

Hull Failure, FSO, Offshore A hull failure is assumed to occur in a fully loaded wing tank of the FSO, resulting in the release of approximately 50,000 bbls of crude oil. Sea conditions are assumed to be moderate, with swells of 1m (3ft). Winds are assumed to be approximately 10 knots from the southwest.

9° 48" 10° 24"9° 12"3° 30"

3° 0"

2° 30"

Kribi

Wind10 knots

FSO

TYPICAL

50,000 bbl FSO oil spill trajectoryafter 5 days

(assuming no intervention)

N



Example Response (Tier 3) — Hull Failure, FSO, Offshore


Objectives To safely control the spread of the oil and to minimize impacts to the shoreline.

Control All transfers are stopped. Tanks are gauged to identify extent of hull failure. Transfers are initiated from compromised tanks to secure tanks and to available tanker, if on scene.

Notification

The FSO Superintendent notifies the COTCO Operations Manager, who in turn notifies the COTCO General Manager and PSMC.

The COTCO General Manager (Incident Commander) obtains approval from the EEPCI General Manager to mobilize the ECI Core Team and international OSRs (e.g. OSRL, CNA, etc.)

The COTCO Operations Manager mobilizes all COTCO SRTs for initial shoreline protection.

Response Team The initial response by the FSO SRT is augmented by SRTs from MA-2, –3, and -4. Management personnel from COTCO and ECI form the SMT with an Incident Command Post at Douala.

Cascaded Resources

Labor pools are mobilized using logistical support crews available to each MA in Cameroon. COTCO and EEPCI management personnel establish the ICP at Douala for the SMT. Regional and International support is provided by technical experts, ECI’s spill team, and response specialists.

Tracking/Surveillance

Surveillance is launched through overflights with trained assessment personnel on board to determine the size, spill movement, and resources or offshore activities that may be affected by the spill or response operations. Spill trajectories are evaluated using computer model forecasts.

In-Situ Burn

In-situ burning is used on slicks away from any danger to the FSO or other amenities. Typical equipment and resources include helicopter, heli-torch, fireboom, 2 towboats, conventional boom, crew, and fuel.

Dispersants

Dispersant is applied to slicks that have escaped containment and recovery and that are threatening shoreline. Initial applications are conducted using aerial application with secondary application provided through fire monitors aboard spill support vessels.

Containment

Containment boom is launched from the spill support vessel using two vessels/boom tenders and deployed near the FSO to limit the immediate spreading of any ongoing release. Additional boom is deployed in sweep configurations to collect slicks that are outside of source control operations.

Protection

SRT personnel are tasked to identify and to notify any offshore fishing boats of the spill and response activi ties. SRTs are dispatched along the coast to begin exclusion booming of mangroves and estuaries deemed as possible landfalls based on overflight observations and the forecasted spill trajectory.




Recovery Skimmers are deployed in each boomed-off area to remove contained oil. Additional skimmers are used with advancing sweep boom to recover collected oil.

Clean-up

Additional skimmers, such as a Transrec 250 unit, are brought in from outside sources (such as OSRL) to collect additional oil from source control containment boom operations. Any required on-shore clean-up is conducted under NEBA guidelines using combinations of mechanical and manual recovery, sorbents, low pressure flushing, and natural recovery. Corexit 9580 is considered for possible pre-soaking agent along rocky headlands.


On-water recovery operations offload collected oil to tanks onboard the support vessel/tenders and into temporary floating storage, such as bladders. These tanks are offloaded to an available tanker and/or to slack space aboard the FSO. Other temporary storage facilities are identified, such as barges and on-shore tankage. Oil is recycled to extent possible. Oiled solids and waste are transferred via truck to incinerators at the MA facilities.



B.10. Scenario No. 10

Damaged Pipeline, KP 10, Land, Chad A damaged pipeline (located at KP 10, Chad) has resulted in a 35,000 bbl crude oil spill to the surrounding land area. The site is accessible from the main haul road. Conditions at the time of the spill are assumed to be dry. The surrounding area is characterized by relatively flat, sandy terrain with some agriculture nearby.

TYPICAL

KP 10CHAD

TYPICALN

Spill Site

pipeline



Example Response (Tier 3) — Damaged Pipeline, KP 10, Land, Chad


Objectives To safely contain and recover as much of the spill as possible.

Control Pipeline is shut in and drained. Pipeline repairs crews are dispatched for major repair work.

Containment Earth-moving equipment is mobilized and used to construct berms to limit the spread of oil.

Notification

The TOTCO MA#1 Superintendent notifies COTCO and EEPCI Operations Managers. The EEPCI Operations Manager assumes the role of IC and notifies the ECI General Manager and CTNSC. The EEPCI General Manager also notifies EEPCI Houston and requests “Core Team” expertise and that external resources, such as ORSL, be placed on standby. Regional Mutual Aid and OSRs, such as CNA, are notified to begin staging and mobilization of specialized response equipment.

Response Team

The MA-1 SRT (COTCO and EEPCI) and trained support personnel are the initial responders. Labor pools from pipeline and OFDA operations are provided to the EEPCI SMT. External expertise and assistance is provided to the SMT through ECI, as needed. The IC and SMT establish the ICP at Komé.

Cascaded Resources

The labor pool from pipeline and OFDA operations provides support for a Tier 2 response. Spill management is enhanced through cascading of personnel from EEPCI (Regional and International) and ECI, as appropriate. Technical advisors and experts are mobilized, as needed, to support the SMT. If reaching Tier 3, the EEPCI General Manager may assume the role of IC from the EEPCI Operations Manager. Additional international OSR resources would be mobilized, as required.

Tracking/Surveillance

Ground crews delineate the area oiled. Continued assessments are conducted to evaluate effectiveness of berms and possible movement of oil outside of containment. An overflight is conducted to provide aerial photography of spill area and response operations.

In-situ Burning Oil that can not be removed with vacuum equipment is ignited and burned. On site burning also is considered as disposal option for oily waste and debris.

Containment Front end loaders and bulldozers are used to construct bermed areas with sumps and interceptor trenches to concentrate oil for pumping and recovery.

Protection No immediate threats exist from the discharge although interceptor trenches are constructed to reduce potential impacts to groundwater.

Recovery Pumps and vacuum systems are used to recover concentrated oil in pools, natural depressions, and from within sumps and interceptor trenches.




Clean-up

All clean-up operations are conducted within the context of NEBA. In-situ burning is used to clean-up concentrations of oil that are not easily recovered by pumping. Other clean-up operations entail mechanical recovery through scrapers and loaders. Injection (sparging) systems and groundwater drawdown and pumping are considered for use should oil enter groundwater.

Bioremediation and tilling, or landfarming, are considered as options for final soil cleanup and remediation until the petroleum hydrocarbons in soils reach permissible levels.


Recovered oil and oily debris is placed in appropriate containers and transported to Komé. Temporary storage is provided at lined and bermed storage yards. To the extent possible, recovered oily materials are recycled and/or used. Other oiled waste is incinerated.

Documents

APPENDIX B. EXAMPLE CLEAN-UP SCENARIOSlocal.esso.com/Chad-English/PA/Files/SectB.prn.pdf · APPENDIX B. EXAMPLE CLEAN-UP SCENARIOS ... 3 Pipeline leak, KP 10 – Land, Chad 25 1 EEPCI,