APPENDIX 5 Ward Maps of Five Municipalities - JICAopen_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11808649_05.pdf · The Study on the Solid Waste Management for the Kathmandu Valley Japan International

APPENDIX 5

Ward Maps of Five Municipalities

The Study on the Solid Waste Management Main Report for the Kathmandu Valley Appendix 5

A 5 - 1 CKV Sapha Sahar Hamro Rahar

Clean Kathmandu Valley Study

The Study on the Solid Waste Management for the Kathmandu Valley

Japan International Cooperation Agency

Figure A 5-1 Kathmandu Metropolitan City






Figure A 5-2 Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City






Figure A 5-3 Bhaktapur Municipality






Figure A 5-4 Madhyapur Thimi Municipality






Figure A 5-5 Kirtipur Municipality

APPENDIX 7

Training Needs Analysis (TNA)




APPENDIX 7 TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS (TNA)

1. Background

Within the Action Plans formulated by the five target municipalities (KMC, LSMC, BKM, MTM, KRM) and the Solid Waste Management Resource Mobilization Center (SWMRMC), it is envisaged that a Human Resource Development Program would be incorporated. In view of the limited availability of human resources at the municipality level, such planning in human resources, such as with financial planning, would be necessary in order to ensure long-term viability and applicability of the Action Plans.

Planning in Human Resource Development is all the more critical when taking into consideration the inflexible procedures and processes involved in executing any organizational changes or recruitment of new staff at the municipality level. Addressing Human Resource needs by increasing the size of municipality staff usually is not an option for the municipalities. The remaining solution would be to enhance the capacities of individual staff involved in Solid Waste Management Administration as much as possible, mainly through training and other staff development activities.

To frame the premises of the municipal human resource needs, training needs analysis (TNA) was applied as the main tool for identifying core areas for capacity building, and developing Human Resource Management strategies. The TNA is a necessary first step to identify feasible and sustainable means to enhance municipal service delivery.

2. Training Needs Analysis (TNA)

2.1 Objectives

TNA exercise was conducted between February 10-March 12, 2004 with the following objectives:

a. To identify priority areas for human resource development of each municipality and SWMRMC

b. To assess the training needs of personnel involved in Solid Waste Management c. To establish a framework for future human resource development of respective

organizations

2.2 Target Group

Target group included the Counterpart Staff and Task Force (T/F) members of five municipalities and SWMRMC who are expected to be directly responsible for the drafting and the implementation of respective Action Plans. Some additional target personnel who were identified as key personnel in SWM administration were also included in the TNA Process.




2.3 Analytical Framework and Methodology

Figure A.7-1 Analysis Framework of TNA

The above analytical model was applied for the TNA exercise utilizing the following three tools:

2.3.1 TNA Workshop (One Day Session each at five municipalities + SWMRMC)

• Listing and assessment of required skills and knowledge to implement SWM tasks • Analysis and prioritization of strategic areas for capacity building in respective

organizations • Specification and listing of required human resources to address the strategic areas for

capacity building (in terms of quality and quantity. For quality, necessary operational knowledge and skills and minimum qualifications)

• Identification of a list of personnel, which by targeting training programs, the organization will gain maximum leverage in enhancing SWM service delivery.

2.3.2 Personal Profiling and Subjective Training Needs Identification

Subsequent to the workshop, a questionnaire aimed to profile key personnel in SWM was distributed including the following items: • Designation and main duties and/or tasks • Educational attainment and past training experience • Self-assessment of generic professional competence • Subjective training needs in meeting operational goals and fulfilling responsibilities

Compare & Contrast

Compare & Contrast

B. Confirm what other knowledge is necessary.B. Confirm what other

knowledge is necessary.

A. Confirm what is needed to implement Action Plans and Pilot Projects.


Workshop Outputs

Gaps and NeedsGaps and NeedsRequired Skills & Knowledge

Required Skills & Knowledge

Existing Skills & Knowledge


D. Confirm existing knowledge and capacities.


C. Inquire what has been conducted.


Questionnaire and interviews

ANALYSIS

F. Confirm necessary inputs and training contents that would “fill

gaps” and “address needs”



Human Resource Development Program

E. Confirm what is not known and what could be conducted.


STRATEGIZE

Compare & Contrast

Compare & ContrastCompare &

ContrastCompare &

Contrast





Workshop Outputs





Workshop Outputs














ANALYSIS






ANALYSISANALYSIS








STRATEGIZE








STRATEGIZESTRATEGIZE




2.3.3 Structured Interviews to Assess Existing Knowledge and Experiences for SWM Task Implementation

To determine existing skills and experience of staff, individual structured interviews were conducted among target personnel of TNA, focusing on, but not limited to, required skills and knowledge identified by the JICA Study Team. This process highlighted objective areas for training needs. Upon collection of data through the personal profiles and interview results, identification of gaps in required skills and knowledge was conducted. Preliminary findings as well as priority training areas Human Resource Development were consulted with the municipalities.

3. TNA Preliminary Results

3.1 Workshop Results

Despite the diversity in the workshop participants held at each of the five municipalities and at SWMRMC, consistency existed in results where it was identified that Strategic Planning and Operational Management was the high priority Human Resource Development area. Other common priority areas identified included Human Resource Development, Financial Management, SWM Technical Issues, and Community Mobilization/ Public Education.

3.2 Subjective Training Needs

After the workshop, task force members and other additional key personnel identified during the workshop were requested to respond to questionnaires regarding their personal background information (educational /professional/ training history) and subjective assessment of training needs. The tabulated results for individual level training needs are as follows:

Table A.7-1 Tabulated Individual Training Needs

Rank KMC LSMC BKM MTM KRM SWMRMC

1 SWM Technical Training

Conflict Management

Community Development

SWM Technical Training


Strategic Planning & Management

2 Office Management

Organization Management


CBO Mobilization

Human Resource Development

Financial Management

3 Documentation & Writing Skills

Human Resource Development

Communi- cation Skills

Proposal and Report Writing

Office Management

Computer Skills & Data Analysis

Source: JICA Study Team

3.3 Gaps in Skills and Knowledge in Five Municipalities

As the final step of the TNA exercise, structured interviews were conducted among 36 Municipality T/F Members and five SWMRMC staff to objectively assess the existing skills and knowledge regarding SWM. The questions were divided into 14 core areas for SWM,




and the gaps that exist between the levels of required skills and knowledge and existing skills and knowledge were quantified.

Figure A.7-2 Existing Gaps in Skills and Knowledge


Similarly as shown in the Figure 2.3, a high number of respondents with no experience were recorded in the area of EIA, Waste Collection, and Composting and Recycling.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

Planning Policy Waste Collection Landfill Composting &

Recycling

EIA Monitor

ing and

Data

Analysis

Community

Mobilization

Private Sector

Partnerships

Financial

Mangement

HRD Coordination Report

ing

Computer

Skills

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

No. of Persons without any Experience in Municipality Task Force Mean Score for 5 Municipalities

Figure A.7-3 Number of Task Force Members with No experience in SWM Areas and Mean Score of Five Municipalities


1.00

0.92

1.06

0.54

0.85

0.81

0.99

1.251.16

1.16

1.49

1.38

1.41

1.81

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00Planning

Policy

Waste Collection

Landfill

Composting & Recycling

EIA

Monitoring and Data Analysis

Community Mobilization

Public Private Partnerships

Financial Management

HRD

Coordination

Reporting

Computer Skills Highest Gaps for the five municipalities were recorded in the area of: 1. EIA 2. Waste Collection 3. Composting and Recycling

(Score 2.00 signifies the highest level of gap)




3.4 Preliminary TNA Results for SWMRMC

For SWMRMC, participants in general scored higher than from the municipalities in most SWM areas. Nevertheless gaps in skills and knowledge were recorded for the following areas:

Figure A.7-4 Existing Gaps in Skills and Knowledge


(Score 2.00 signifies the highest level of gap)

Highest Gaps for SWMRMCwere recorded in the area of :1. EIA 2. Waste Collection 3. Composting and

Recycling 0.05

0.74

0.53

1.25

0.88

1.35

0.13

0.47

0

0.36

-0.2

0.15

0.4

0.87

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Planning

Policy

Waste Collection &

Transportation

Landfill

Composting &

Recycling

EIA

Monitoring and

Data Analysis

Community

Mobilization

Public Private

Partnerships

Financial

Management

HRD

Coordination

Reporting

Computer Skills

APPENDIX 8

Project Design Matrixes (PDMs) of the Pilot Projects



The Study on the Solid Waste Management Main Reportfor the Kathmandu Valley Appendix 8

AP

PE

ND

IX 8

(1)

PR

OJE

CT

DE

SIG

N M

AT

RIX

(PD

M2)

Pr

ojec

t nam

e: Im

prov

emen

t of C

olle

ctio

n an

d Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Dur

atio

n: J

uly,

200

4 to

Jun

e, 2

005

Proj

ect a

reas

: KM

C, L

SMC

, BK

M, M

TM

, KR

M

Targ

et g

roup

s: S

taff

of t

he fi

ve M

unic

ipal

ities

and

SW

MR

MC

D

ate:

Mar

ch 2

1, 2

005

Nar

rati

ve S

umm

ary

Obj

ecti

ve V

erif

iabl

e In

dica

tors

M

eans

of V

erif

icat

ion

Impo

rtan

t Ass

umpt

ions

【

Ove

rall

Goa

l】

• SW

M s

ervi

ce o

f res

pect

ive

mun

icip

aliti

es is

im

prov

ed th

roug

h ca

paci

ty d

evel

opm

ent (

solid

w

aste

man

agem

ent r

atio

is in

crea

se)

1. T

he c

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

of

the

five

mun

icip

aliti

es r

each

es 9

3% (

or 7

18 t

on/d

ay)

by th

e en

d of

201

5 fr

om th

e cu

rren

t lev

el o

f 76

%

(or 3

31 to

n/da

y).

1 C

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

and

qua

ntity

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es

• Po

litic

al s

tabi

lity

• N

o dr

astic

cha

nge

in th

e av

aila

bilit

y of

fina

ncia

l re

sour

ces.

•

Dec

entr

aliz

atio

n of

SW

M

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

is n

ot

reve

rsed

by

HM

G/N

.

【P

roje

ct P

urpo

se】

•

Cap

abili

ties

of re

leva

nt s

taff

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es a

nd S

WM

RM

C re

gard

ing

was

te

colle

ctio

n an

d tr

ansp

orta

tion

are

stre

ngth

ened

.

• B

y th

e en

d of

Jun

e 20

05, t

he a

mou

nt o

f tr

ansp

orte

d w

aste

to th

e de

sign

ated

land

fill

site

(s)

is in

crea

sed.

1. P

ilot P

roje

ct re

port

2.

Dai

ly re

cord

of c

olle

cted

was

te

quan

tity

or v

olum

e 3.

Dai

ly re

cord

of t

rans

port

ed a

nd

disp

osed

of w

aste

qua

ntity

or

volu

me

• B

udge

t allo

catio

n is

en

sure

d to

impl

emen

t was

te

data

man

agem

ent b

ased

on

Act

ion

Plan

on

SWM

.

【O

utpu

ts】

1.

B

asic

kno

wle

dge

and

expe

rien

ce a

bout

ef

fici

ent p

rim

ary

colle

ctio

n w

ith m

easu

res

such

as

sour

ce-s

epar

ated

col

lect

ion

are

obta

ined

am

ong

the

rele

vant

off

icia

ls in

m

unic

ipal

ities

. 2.

Pr

actic

al g

uide

line

for p

ublic

pri

vate

pa

rtne

rshi

p fo

r SW

M is

pre

pare

d.

3.

Bas

ic k

now

ledg

e an

d ex

peri

ence

rega

rdin

g tr

ansf

er s

tatio

n ar

e ob

tain

ed

1-1.

By

the

end

of th

e Pi

lot P

roje

ct, s

epar

ated

co

llect

ion

is im

plem

ente

d at

500

hou

seho

lds

at

the

spec

ifie

d ar

eas

in B

KM

1-

2. B

y th

e en

d of

the

Pilo

t Pro

ject

, hou

seho

lds

at

the

spec

ifie

d ar

eas

in M

TM

rece

ive

colle

ctio

n se

rvic

e 2.

B

y th

e en

d of

the

Pilo

t Pro

ject

, a s

et o

f co

ntra

ct/a

gree

men

t for

ms

is p

repa

red

as

guid

elin

e 3.

B

y th

e en

d of

the

Pilo

t Pro

ject

, Tek

u T

/S is

im

prov

ed a

nd te

ntat

ive

tran

sfer

hau

l pra

ctic

es

are

star

ted

1-1.

Pilo

t Pro

ject

repo

rt

1-2.

Pilo

t Pro

ject

repo

rt

2.

Pilo

t Pro

ject

repo

rt

3.

Proj

ect d

ocum

ent/r

epor

t (i

nclu

ding

as

built

doc

umen

t of

Teku

T/S

)

• E

ach

mun

icip

ality

tr

ansp

orts

co

llect

ed w

aste

to

the

desi

gnat

ed fi

nal

disp

osal

site




• Tr

aine

d st

aff c

ontin

ue

wor

king

in m

unic

ipal

ities

an

d SW

MR

MC

【A

ctiv

itie

s】

1.

Prac

tices

of S

olid

Was

te C

olle

ctio

n at

Mod

el

Are

as

1-1.

Pra

ctic

e of

sou

rce-

sepa

rate

d co

llect

ion

in

BK

M

1-2.

Pra

ctic

e of

col

lect

ion

and

tran

spor

tatio

n in

M

TM

2.

Tr

aini

ng fo

r Pub

lic P

riva

te P

artn

ersh

ip (P

PP)

for S

olid

Was

te M

anag

emen

t 2-

1. R

evie

w o

f the

exi

stin

g PP

P ac

tiviti

es

2-2.

Stu

dy o

f an

appr

opri

ate

cont

ract

/agr

eem

ent

form

s be

twee

n m

unic

ipal

ity a

nd p

riva

te

sect

ors

2-3.

Pre

para

tion

of h

andb

ook

for P

ublic

Pri

vate

Pa

rtne

rshi

p 3.

Tr

aini

ng/P

ract

ice

of T

rans

fer S

tatio

n (T

eku

T/S

) 3-

1. T

rain

ing

for p

lann

ing

of T

/S

3-2.

Tra

inin

g fo

r des

igni

ng T

/S

3-3.

Tra

inin

g fo

r con

stru

ctio

n an

d su

perv

isio

n of

im

prov

emen

t of T

/S

3-4.

Pra

ctic

e of

ope

ratio

n of

T/S

【In

puts】

Ja

pan

(1)

Pers

onne

l •

Mem

bers

of t

he J

ICA

Stu

dy T

eam

-

Col

lect

ion

and

Tran

spor

tatio

n -

Publ

ic In

volv

emen

t/ So

cial

Con

side

ratio

n -

Org

aniz

atio

nal a

nd In

stitu

tion

Stre

ngth

enin

g -

Faci

lity

Plan

•

Loc

al c

onsu

ltant

s

(2)

Equ

ipm

ent

- W

aste

bin

s fo

r sou

rce-

sepa

ratio

n (B

KM

) -

Was

te c

olle

ctio

n ve

hicl

e (3

.5m

3 ) (M

TM

) (3)

Impr

ovem

ent w

orks

of T

eku

T/S

【In

puts】

N

epal

(1

) Pe

rson

nel

•

Cou

nter

part

s an

d ot

her r

elev

ant

staf

f -

SWM

RM

C

- K

MC

-

LSM

C

- B

KM

-

MT

M

- K

RM

(2

) Si

te a

rran

gem

ent i

n Te

ku T

/S a

nd

O&

M o

f Tek

u T

/S

【P

reco

ndit

ions】

•

Polit

ical

and

sec

urity

co

nditi

ons

are

not w

orse

n.

• St

akeh

olde

rs d

o no

t opp

ose

the

Pilo

t Pro

ject




AP

PE

ND

IX 8

(2)

PR

OJE

CT

DE

SIG

N M

AT

RIX

(PD

M2)

Pr

ojec

t nam

e: P

rom

otio

n of

Was

te M

inim

izat

ion

Dur

atio

n : J

une,

200

4 to

Jun

e, 2

005

Proj

ect a

reas

: KM

C, L

SMC

, BK

M, M

TM

, KR

M

Targ

et g

roup

s : S

taff

of t

he fi

ve M

unic

ipal

ities

and

SW

MR

MC

D

ate:

Mar

ch 2

1, 2

005

Nar

rati

ve S

umm

ary

Obj

ecti

ve V

erif

iabl

e In

dica

tors

M

eans

of V

erif

icat

ion

Impo

rtan

t A

ssum

ptio

ns

【O

vera

ll G

oal】

•

SWM

ser

vice

of r

espe

ctiv

e m

unic

ipal

ities

is

impr

oved

thro

ugh

capa

city

dev

elop

men

t (so

lid

was

te m

anag

emen

t rat

io is

incr

ease

)

1. T

he c

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

of

the

five

mun

icip

aliti

es r

each

es 9

3% (

or 7

18 t

on/d

ay)

by th

e en

d of

201

5 fr

om th

e cu

rren

t lev

el o

f 76

%

(or 3

31 to

n/da

y).

1 C

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

and

qua

ntity

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es

• Po

litic

al s

tabi

lity

• N

o dr

astic

cha

nge

in th

e av

aila

bilit

y of

fina

ncia

l re

sour

ces.

•

Dec

entr

aliz

atio

n of

SW

M

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

is n

ot

reve

rsed

by

HM

G/N

. 【

Pro

ject

Pur

pose】

•

Cap

abili

ties

of re

leva

nt s

taff

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es a

nd S

WM

RM

C re

gard

ing

was

te

min

imiz

atio

n ar

e st

reng

then

ed.

• B

y th

e en

d of

Jun

e 20

05, m

ore

than

1,2

00

hous

ehol

ds a

re n

ewly

invo

lved

was

te

min

imiz

atio

n ac

tiviti

es

1. P

ilot P

roje

ct re

port

• E

ach

mun

icip

ality

co

ntin

ues

and

dist

ribu

te

pilo

t act

iviti

es

【

Out

puts】

1.

T

he w

aste

min

imiz

atio

n fa

cilit

y is

pla

nned

2.

L

ocal

leve

l was

te m

inim

izat

ion

activ

ities

are

st

reng

then

ed

1.

By

the

end

of P

ilot P

roje

ct, a

new

was

te

min

imiz

atio

n fa

cilit

y is

pla

nned

. 2.

B

y th

e en

d of

Pilo

t Pro

ject

, loc

al le

vel w

aste

m

inim

izat

ion

activ

ities

(hom

e co

mpo

stin

g,

sepa

ratio

n co

llect

ion

of p

last

ic) a

re

impl

emen

ted

1.

Plan

ning

repo

rt fo

r was

te

min

imiz

atio

n fa

cilit

y 2.

Pi

lot P

roje

ct re

port

• W

aste

man

agem

ent

cond

ition

s (c

olle

ctio

n,

tran

spor

tatio

n an

d di

spos

al) i

n th

e K

atm

andu

Va

lley

do n

ot b

ecom

e w

orse

than

act

ual

cond

ition

s.




• Tr

aine

d st

aff c

ontin

ue

wor

king

in m

unic

ipal

ities

an

d SW

MR

MC

【A

ctiv

itie

s】

1.

Trai

ning

for W

aste

Min

imiz

atio

n Fa

cilit

y 1-

1 Ve

rifi

catio

n of

exi

stin

g te

chno

logy

for w

aste

m

inim

izat

ion

1-2

Dat

a co

llect

ion

at B

KM

was

te p

roce

ssin

g fa

cilit

y 1-

3 M

arke

ting

surv

ey o

f com

post

pro

duct

1-

4 D

evel

opm

ent o

f bas

ic p

lan

of a

larg

e sc

ale

was

te p

roce

ssin

g fa

cilit

y 1-

5 Pr

e-fe

asib

ility

exa

min

atio

n on

a la

rge

scal

e w

aste

pro

cess

ing

faci

lity

1-6

Stud

y to

ur in

Indi

a 2.

Pr

actic

e of

Loc

al L

evel

Was

te M

inim

izat

ion

Act

iviti

es

2-1

Prac

tice

of c

omm

unity

-bas

ed w

aste

m

inim

izat

ion

activ

ities

in a

mod

el a

rea

(in

KM

C)

2-2

Prac

tice

of m

ediu

m-s

cale

ver

mi c

ompo

stin

g (i

n K

MC

) 2-

3 Pr

actic

e of

pro

mot

ion

of h

ome

com

post

ing

(in

LSM

C)

2-4

Prac

tice

of p

last

ic s

epar

atio

n an

d ho

me

com

post

ing

(in

KR

M)

【In

puts】

Ja

pan

(1)

Pers

onne

l •

Mem

bers

of t

he J

ICA

Stu

dy T

eam

-

Rec

yclin

g sy

stem

-

Publ

ic in

volv

emen

t/Soc

ial c

onsi

dera

tion

• L

ocal

con

sulta

nts

• L

ocal

NG

Os,

reso

urce

per

sons

and

ass

ista

nts

(2

) St

udy

tour

(3

) R

ecyc

ling

cent

er, v

erm

in-c

ompo

stin

g sh

ed,

hom

e co

mpo

st b

ins,

sui

ro a

nd c

otto

n ba

g,

man

uals

, pla

stic

sto

re h

ouse

and

sta

tione

ries

for

trai

ning

【In

puts】

N

epal

(1

) Pe

rson

nel

• C

ount

erpa

rts

and

othe

r rel

evan

t st

aff

- SW

MR

MC

-

KM

C

- L

SMC

-

BK

M

- M

TM

-

KR

M

• E

xist

ing

com

post

ing

faci

lity

op

erat

ors

in B

hakt

apur

(2)

Faci

litie

s N

eces

sary

land

, bui

ldin

gs a

nd

equi

pmen

t

【P

reco

ndit

ions】

•

The

pol

icy

of th

e N

epal

ese

Gov

ernm

ent r

emai

ns s

ame

rega

rdin

g th

e so

lid w

aste

m

anag

emen

t •

Stak

ehol

ders

do

not

oppo

se th

e Pi

lot P

roje

ct.




AP

PE

ND

IX 8

(3)

PR

OJE

CT

DE

SIG

N M

AT

RIX

(PD

M2)

Pr

ojec

t nam

e: Im

prov

emen

t of F

inal

Dis

posa

l Pla

nnin

g an

d O

pera

tion

Dur

atio

n : J

une,

200

4 to

Jun

e, 2

005

Proj

ect a

reas

: KM

C, L

SMC

, BK

M, M

TM

, KR

M

Targ

et g

roup

s : S

taff

of t

he fi

ve M

unic

ipal

ities

and

SW

MR

MC

D

ate:

Mar

ch 2

1, 2

005

Nar

rati

ve S

um

mar

y O

bjec

tive

ly V

erif

iabl

e In

dica

tors

M

ean

s of

Ver

ific

atio

n

Impo

rtan

t A

ssu

mpt

ion

s 【

Ove

rall

Goa

l】

• SW

M s

ervi

ce o

f res

pect

ive

mun

icip

aliti

es is

im

prov

ed th

roug

h ca

paci

ty d

evel

opm

ent (

solid

w

aste

man

agem

ent r

atio

is in

crea

se)

1. T

he

con

soli

date

d so

lid

was

te d

ispo

sal

rati

o to

sa

nit

ary

lan

dfil

l si

te(s

) of

th

e fi

ve

mu

nic

ipal

itie

s re

ach

es 1

00%

of

the

coll

eted

w

aste

by

the

end

of 2

015

from

th

e cu

rren

t le

vel o

f 0%

.

1. C

onso

lida

ted

was

te

man

agem

ent

rati

o an

d qu

anti

ty o

f th

e fi

ve

mu

nic

ipal

itie

s

• •P

oliti

cal s

tabi

lity

No

dras

tic c

hang

e in

the

avai

labi

lity

of fi

nanc

ial

reso

urce

s.

Dec

entr

aliz

atio

n of

SW

M

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

is n

ot

reve

rsed

by

HM

G/N

.

【P

roje

ct P

urp

ose】

• C

apab

ilit

ies

of r

elev

ant

staf

f of

th

e fi

ve

mu

nic

ipal

itie

s an

d S

WM

RM

C r

egar

din

g fi

nal

dis

posa

l pla

nn

ing

and

oper

atio

n a

re

stre

ngt

hen

ed.

• B

y th

e en

d of

Jun

e 20

05, s

anita

ry la

ndfi

lling

ac

tiviti

es (s

oil c

over

ing,

leac

hate

con

trol

, en

viro

nmen

tal m

onito

ring

) are

impl

emen

ted

at

Sisd

ol V

alle

y I

1. P

ilot

Pro

ject

rep

ot

• B

udge

t allo

catio

n is

en

sure

d to

dev

elop

sa

nita

ry la

ndfi

ll si

tes

【O

utp

uts】

1.

B

asic

kn

owle

dge

for

plan

nin

g of

fin

al

disp

osal

is o

btai

ned

.

2.

Bas

ic k

now

ledg

e an

d ex

peri

ence

s ar

e ob

tain

ed o

n p

lan

nin

g, d

esig

nin

g,

con

stru

ctio

n a

nd

O&

M o

f se

mi-

aero

bic

san

itar

y la

ndf

illi

ng

man

ner

s.

1-1.

By

the

end

of P

ilot

Pro

ject

, th

e ca

ndi

date

s fo

r L

/T-L

FS

are

sel

ecte

d 1-

2. B

y th

e en

d of

Pil

ot P

roje

ct,

envi

ron

men

tal a

nd

soci

al c

onsi

dera

tion

fo

r la

ndf

ill s

ite

is c

ompi

led

2-2.

By

the

end

of P

ilot

Pro

ject

, san

itar

y la

ndf

ill s

ite

wit

h s

emi a

erob

ic s

yste

m is

de

velo

ped

at S

isdo

l Val

ley

I

1.

Pil

ot P

roje

ct r

epor

t

2.

Pil

ot P

roje

ct r

epot

(in

clu

din

g as

bu

ilt

docu

men

t of

Sis

dol)

• St

aff i

s as

sign

ed to

Sis

dol

S/T-

LF

Valle

y I b

y K

MC

an

d L

SMC

•

KM

C a

nd L

SMC

toge

ther

w

ith S

WM

RM

C tr

ansp

ort

the

colle

cted

sol

id w

aste

to

Sis

dol S

/T-L

F




• Tr

aine

d st

aff c

ontin

ue

wor

king

in m

unic

ipal

ities

an

d SW

MR

MC

【A

ctiv

itie

s】

1.

Trai

nin

g fo

r F

inal

Dis

posa

l Pla

nn

ing

1-1.

Tra

inin

g fo

r si

te s

elec

tion

1-

2. T

rain

ing

for

envi

ron

men

tal/s

ocia

l co

nsi

dera

tion

on

lan

dfil

l sit

e 2.

Tr

ain

ing/

Pra

ctic

e fo

r S

emi-

aero

bic

San

itar

y L

andf

ill (

Sis

dol S

/T-L

FS

) 2-

1. T

rain

ing

for

plan

nin

g (1

) S

ite

visi

t to

Pok

har

a (2

) S

ite

visi

t to

Mal

aysi

a 2-

2. T

rain

ing

for

desi

gn

2-3.

Tra

inin

g fo

r co

nst

ruct

ion

su

perv

isio

n

(1)

Join

t si

te v

isit

to

Sis

dol

2-4

Pra

ctic

e of

O&

M in

clu

din

g en

viro

nm

enta

l mon

itor

ing

(1)

OJT

on

O&

M

(2)

En

viro

nm

enta

l mon

itor

ing

and

mon

itor

ing

com

mit

tee

【In

puts】

Ja

pan

(1

) P

erso

nn

el

• M

embe

rs o

f the

JIC

A S

tudy

Tea

m

- F

acil

ity

plan

-

En

viro

nm

ent

- P

ubl

ic I

nvo

lvem

ent/

Soc

ial

Con

side

rati

on

- O

rgan

izat

ion

al a

nd

Inst

itu

tion

al

Str

engt

hen

ing

- H

um

an R

esou

rce

Dev

elop

men

t

• L

ocal

con

sulta

nts,

loca

l con

trac

tor,

loca

l re

sour

ce p

erso

ns (t

rain

ing,

faci

litie

s de

sign

, co

nstr

uctio

n, e

nvir

onm

enta

l mon

itori

ng)

(2)

Stu

dy t

our

(3)

Impr

ovem

ent

was

te o

f S

isdo

l S/T

-LF

S

【In

puts】

N

epal

(1

) P

erso

nn

el

• C

ount

erpa

rts

and

othe

r rel

evan

t st

aff

- S

WM

RM

C

- K

MC

-

LS

MC

-

BK

M

- M

TM

-

KR

M

(2)

Cos

t -

Sis

dol S

/T-L

F p

repa

rati

on

exce

pt s

emi-

aero

bic

man

ner

- A

cces

s ro

ad im

prov

emen

t an

d m

ain

ten

ance

(3

) E

quip

men

t fo

r S

isdo

l S/T

-LF

op

erat

ion

an

d fo

r tr

ansp

orta

tion

【P

reco

ndi

tion

s】

• Po

litic

al a

nd s

ecur

ity

cond

ition

s ar

e no

t wor

sen.

•

Stak

ehol

ders

do

not

oppo

se th

e Pi

lot P

roje

ct




AP

PE

ND

IX 8

(4)

PR

OJE

CT

DE

SIG

N M

AT

RIX

(PD

M2)

Pr

ojec

t nam

e: P

rom

otio

n of

Pub

lic A

war

enes

s an

d B

ehav

ior C

hang

e C

omm

unic

atio

n/E

duca

tion

Dur

atio

n : J

uly,

200

4 to

Jun

e, 2

005

Proj

ect a

reas

: KM

C, L

SMC

, BK

T, K

RM

, MT

M

Targ

et g

roup

s : S

taff

of t

he fi

ve M

unic

ipal

ities

and

SW

MR

MC

D

ate:

Mar

ch 2

1, 2

005

Nar

rati

ve S

umm

ary

Obj

ecti

ve V

erif

iabl

e In

dica

tors

M

eans

of V

erif

icat

ion

Impo

rtan

t A

ssum

ptio

ns

【O

vera

ll G

oal】

•

SWM

ser

vice

of r

espe

ctiv

e m

unic

ipal

ities

is

impr

oved

thro

ugh

capa

city

dev

elop

men

t (so

lid

was

te m

anag

emen

t rat

io is

incr

ease

)

1. T

he c

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

of

the

five

mun

icip

aliti

es r

each

es 9

3% (

or 7

18 t

on/d

ay)

by th

e en

d of

201

5 fr

om th

e cu

rren

t lev

el o

f 76

%

(or 3

31 to

n/da

y).

1 C

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

and

qua

ntity

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es

• Po

litic

al s

tabi

lity

• N

o dr

astic

cha

nge

in th

e av

aila

bilit

y of

fina

ncia

l re

sour

ces.

•

Dec

entr

aliz

atio

n of

SW

M

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

is n

ot

reve

rsed

by

HM

G/N

. 【

Pro

ject

Pur

pose】

•

Cap

abili

ties

of re

leva

nt s

taff

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es a

nd S

WM

RM

C re

gard

ing

publ

ic

awar

enes

s an

d be

havi

or c

hang

e co

mm

unic

atio

n/ e

duca

tion

are

stre

ngth

ened

.

• T

he s

trat

egie

s re

gard

ing

awar

enes

s an

d pu

blic

ed

ucat

ion

are

form

ulat

ed a

nd in

corp

orat

ed in

to

Act

ion

Plan

on

SWM

in e

ach

mun

icip

ality

by

the

end

of J

une

2005

.

1.

Act

ion

Plan

on

SWM

in e

ach

mun

icip

ality

(phy

sica

l ve

rifi

catio

n)

2.

Res

ult o

f rap

id s

elf-

asse

ssm

ent

shee

t (to

be

dist

ribu

ted

to re

leva

nt

mun

icip

ality

off

icia

ls b

efor

e an

d af

ter t

he P

ilot P

roje

ct)

3.

R

esul

t of r

apid

com

pete

ncy

ratin

g sh

eet (

to b

e m

ade

and

mar

ked

by

the

Japa

nese

mem

bers

of S

tudy

Te

am b

efor

e an

d af

ter t

he P

ilot

Proj

ect)

• B

udge

t allo

catio

n is

en

sure

d to

impl

emen

t aw

aren

ess

and

publ

ic

educ

atio

n ba

sed

on A

ctio

n Pl

an o

n SW

M.

【O

utpu

ts】

1.

B

asic

kno

wle

dge

abou

t com

mun

ity

mob

iliza

tion

incl

udin

g pu

blic

edu

catio

n in

SW

M is

gai

ned

amon

g re

leva

nt o

ffic

ials

in

mun

icip

aliti

es.

2.

Kno

w-h

ow o

f mas

s co

mm

unic

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

ion

appr

oach

is tr

ansf

erre

d.

1-1.

80%

of t

arge

t gro

ups

part

icip

ate

in tr

aini

ng b

y th

e en

d of

Pilo

t Pro

ject

.

1-2.

The

mee

tings

on

awar

enes

s an

d pu

blic

ed

ucat

ion

are

join

tly o

rgan

ized

by

targ

et g

roup

s th

ree

times

by

the

end

of P

ilot P

roje

ct

2.

Edu

catio

nal e

vent

is im

plem

ente

d by

targ

et

grou

ps in

eac

h m

unic

ipal

ity b

y th

e en

d of

Pilo

t Pr

ojec

t.

1-1.

Pilo

t Pro

ject

doc

umen

t/rep

ort

1-

2. P

ilot P

roje

ct d

ocum

ent/r

epor

t 2.

Pi

lot P

roje

ct d

ocum

ent/r

epor

t

• T

he im

port

ance

of p

ublic

ed

ucat

ion

and

awar

enes

s on

SW

M is

reco

gniz

ed b

y hi

gh-l

evel

off

icia

ls in

m

unic

ipal

ities

.




3.

Kno

w-h

ow o

f int

erpe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

ion

appr

oach

is tr

ansf

erre

d.

3.

The

leve

l of k

now

ledg

e, a

ttitu

de, a

nd p

ract

ice

rega

rdin

g SW

M is

impr

oved

am

ong

targ

eted

ch

ildre

n or

com

mun

ities

.

3.

Proj

ect d

ocum

ent/r

epor

t (T

he

resu

lts o

f bas

elin

e an

d im

pact

su

rvey

s)

• Tr

aine

d st

aff c

ontin

ue

wor

king

in

mun

icip

aliti

es a

nd

SWM

RM

C

.

【A

ctiv

itie

s】

1.

Trai

ning

for C

omm

unity

Mob

iliza

tion

Act

iviti

es

1-1.

Tra

inin

g fo

r com

mun

ity m

obili

zatio

n an

d pu

blic

edu

catio

n/aw

aren

ess

on S

WM

, and

ho

ld s

hari

ng m

eetin

gs

1-2.

Stu

dy to

ur to

Het

auda

2.

Pr

actic

e of

Mas

s C

omm

unic

atio

n an

d E

duca

tion

2-

1 Se

lect

ion

of m

asco

t of C

KV

Stu

dy a

nd

dist

ribu

te s

ticke

rs

2-2

Und

erta

king

of e

duca

tiona

l eve

nts

&ex

hibi

tion

2-

3 B

road

cast

ing

of ra

dio

com

mer

cial

2-

4 W

all p

aint

ing

2-

5 Im

plem

enta

tion

of c

lean

up

in th

e co

mm

unity

3.

Pr

actic

e of

Inte

rper

sona

l Com

mun

icat

ion

and

Edu

catio

n

3-1

To c

ondu

ct b

asel

ine

surv

ey re

gard

ing

know

ledg

e, a

ttitu

de a

nd p

ract

ice

on S

WM

3-

2 To

pro

vide

cou

nsel

or tr

aini

ng c

amp

for y

outh

an

d te

ache

rs w

ho s

uppo

rt c

hild

ren'

s ac

tiviti

es

3-3

To c

ondu

ct c

amp

and

esta

blis

h "N

atur

e C

lub"

an

d su

ppor

t sm

all s

cale

SW

M a

ctiv

ities

3-

4 To

con

duct

wor

ksho

p on

reso

urce

mat

eria

l de

velo

pmen

t, pr

intin

g an

d pa

per m

akin

g

3-

5 To

hol

d sh

arin

g an

d ex

chan

ging

mee

tings

3-

6 To

con

duct

impa

ct s

urve

y

【In

puts】

Ja

pan

(1)

Pers

onne

l •

Mem

bers

of t

he J

ICA

Stu

dy T

eam

-

Publ

ic In

volv

emen

t/ So

cial

Con

side

ratio

n -

Publ

ic R

elat

ions

-

Org

aniz

atio

nal a

nd In

stitu

tiona

l St

reng

then

ing/

Hum

an R

esou

rces

D

evel

opm

ent

• L

ocal

con

sulta

nts,

NG

Os

(2)

Ope

ratio

nal c

ost

- Pr

ofes

sion

als

of a

rt, b

road

cast

-

Stud

y to

ur to

Het

auda

Nep

al

(1)

Pers

onne

l •

Cou

nter

part

s an

d ot

her r

elev

ant

staf

f -

SWM

RM

C

- K

MC

-

LSM

C

- B

KM

-

MT

M

- K

RM

(2

) Fa

cilit

ies

Lan

d, b

uild

ings

and

mat

eria

ls

【P

reco

ndit

ions】

•

Polit

ical

and

sec

urity

co

nditi

ons

are

not w

orse

n.




AP

PE

ND

IX 8

(5)

PR

OJE

CT

DE

SIG

N M

AT

RIX

(PD

M2)

Pr

ojec

t nam

e: D

evel

opm

ent o

f Ope

ratio

n an

d M

anag

emen

t Cap

aciti

es

Dur

atio

n : J

uly,

200

4 to

Jun

e, 2

005

Proj

ect a

reas

: KM

C, L

SMC

, BK

T, K

RM

, MT

M

Targ

et g

roup

s : S

taff

of t

he fi

ve M

unic

ipal

ities

and

SW

MR

MC

D

ate:

Mar

ch 2

1, 2

005

Nar

rati

ve S

umm

ary

Obj

ecti

ve V

erif

iabl

e In

dica

tors

M

eans

of V

erif

icat

ion

Impo

rtan

t A

ssum

ptio

ns

【O

vera

ll G

oal】

•

SWM

ser

vice

of r

espe

ctiv

e m

unic

ipal

ities

is

impr

oved

thro

ugh

capa

city

dev

elop

men

t (so

lid

was

te m

anag

emen

t rat

io is

incr

ease

)

1. T

he c

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

of

the

five

mun

icip

aliti

es r

each

es 9

3% (

or 7

18 t

on/d

ay)

by th

e en

d of

201

5 fr

om th

e cu

rren

t lev

el o

f 76

%

(or 3

31 to

n/da

y).

1 C

onso

lidat

ed w

aste

man

agem

ent

ratio

and

qua

ntity

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es

• Po

litic

al s

tabi

lity

• N

o dr

astic

cha

nge

in th

e av

aila

bilit

y of

fina

ncia

l re

sour

ces.

•

Dec

entr

aliz

atio

n of

SW

M

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

is n

ot

reve

rsed

by

HM

G.

【P

roje

ct P

urpo

se】

•

Cap

abili

ties

of re

leva

nt s

taff

of t

he fi

ve

mun

icip

aliti

es a

nd S

WM

RM

C re

gard

ing

tech

nica

l and

ope

ratio

nal m

anag

emen

t on

solid

w

aste

are

str

engt

hene

d.

• B

y th

e en

d of

Jun

e 20

05, a

nnua

l wor

k pl

an o

f fi

ve m

unic

ipal

ities

of n

ext f

isca

l yea

r with

fini

cal

plan

are

dev

elop

ed b

ased

on

relia

ble

data

1. P

ilot P

roje

ct re

port

• C

omm

itmen

t to

of

mun

icip

aliti

es to

SW

M

capa

city

bui

ldin

g

trai

ned

staf

f sta

y w

ithin

th

e sy

stem

.

【O

utpu

ts】

1.

M

unic

ipal

ities

acq

uire

nec

essa

ry c

apac

ities

to

ope

ratio

naliz

e A

ctio

n Pl

ans

2.

Mun

icip

aliti

es a

cqui

re th

e sk

ills

and

know

ledg

e to

col

lect

and

man

age

SWM

dat

a

1.

By

the

end

of P

ilot P

roje

ct, w

orki

ng it

ems

with

re

spon

sibl

e pe

rson

s an

d bu

dget

(fin

anci

al p

lan)

ar

e de

velo

ped.

2.

B

y th

e en

d of

Pilo

t Pro

ject

, sol

id w

aste

da

taba

se o

f eac

h m

unic

ipal

ity is

dev

elop

ed.

1.

Pilo

t Pro

ject

repo

rt

2-1.

SW

M d

atab

ase

2-2.

Pilo

t Pro

ject

repo

rt

• St

aff i

s m

ade

avai

labl

e fo

r th

e tr

aini

ng.

• C

ompu

ter l

itera

cy fo

r sta

ff

resp

onsi

ble

for d

ata

man

agem

ent.




• St

aff a

re w

illin

gnes

s to

at

tend

trai

ning

pro

gram

s.

• St

aff a

re w

illin

g to

app

ly

new

lear

ning

to p

ract

ice

【A

ctiv

itie

s】

1 Tr

aini

ng fo

r Act

ion

Plan

Ope

ratio

nal

Man

agem

ent

1-

1 Tr

ansf

er o

f pla

nnin

g an

d da

ta c

olle

ctio

n kn

ow h

ow fr

om th

e JI

CA

Stu

dy T

eam

1-

2 M

onth

ly m

anag

emen

t tra

inin

g se

ssio

ns

1-3

Ope

ratio

naliz

atio

n of

Act

ion

Plan

s 1-

4 M

onth

ly m

onito

ring

of t

rain

ing

resu

lts

1-5

Self

-eva

luat

ion

exer

cise

2

Prac

tice

of S

olid

Was

te D

ata

Man

agem

ent

2-1

Prac

tice

for s

olid

was

te q

ualit

y an

d qu

antit

y su

rvey

2-

2 Pr

actic

e of

sol

id w

aste

dat

a m

anag

emen

t for

SW

M

3 Tr

aini

ng fo

r SW

M P

olic

y an

d Te

chno

logy

3-

1 Pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of J

ICA

Cou

ntry

Foc

us T

rain

ing

【In

puts】

Ja

pan

(1)

Pers

onne

l •

Mem

bers

of t

he J

ICA

Stu

dy T

eam

-

Col

lect

ion

and

tran

spor

tatio

n -

Org

aniz

atio

n an

d in

stitu

tion

Stre

ngth

enin

g -

Fina

ncia

l Ana

lysi

s •

Loc

al c

onsu

ltant

s (2

) E

quip

men

t -

Sets

of c

ompu

ter a

nd p

rint

er

(3)

Cou

ntry

Foc

us T

rain

ing

Prog

ram

【In

puts】

N

epal

(1

) Pe

rson

nel

• C

ount

erpa

rts

and

othe

r rel

evan

t st

aff

- SW

MR

MC

-

KM

C

- L

SMC

-

BK

M

- M

TM

-

KR

M

(2)

Faci

lity

- Ve

nue

for t

rain

ing

【P

reco

ndit

ions】

•

Mun

icip

aliti

es a

re

inte

rest

ed in

impr

ovin

g th

eir S

WM

ser

vice

s.

APPENDIX 9

Ward Wise Population / Population Projection of Each Municipality




APPENDIX 9 WARD WISE POPULATION/ POPULATION PROJECTION OF EACH MUNICIPALITY

Table A.9-1 Actual and Projected Population of Each Municipality

1971 1981 1991 2001 2004 2005 2006 2007NepalYear 2028 2038 2048 2058 2061 2062 2063 2064

150,402 235,160 421,258 671,846 741,008 765,610 791,028 817,290

59,049 79,875 115,865 162,991 180,397 186,603 193,022 199,662

40,112 48,472 61,405 72,543 80,476 83,309 86,242 89,277

20,640 26,067 31,970 47,751 53,853 56,056 58,348 60,735

20,814 24,406 31,339 40,835 43,424 44,323 45,240 46,176

253,942 327,011 417,072 525,498 540,617 545,753 550,938 556,172

544,959 740,991 1,078,909 1,521,464 1,639,775 1,681,654 1,724,818 1,769,312

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015NepalYear 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072

844,424 872,459 901,424 931,352 960,969 991,527 1,023,058 1,055,591

206,530 213,635 220,984 228,586 236,244 244,158 252,337 260,790

92,420 95,673 99,041 102,527 106,054 109,702 113,476 117,380

63,219 65,804 68,496 71,297 74,213 77,248 80,407 83,696

47,132 48,108 49,104 50,120 51,157 52,216 53,297 54,400

561,456 566,790 578,523 584,019 588,925 593,872 598,861 603,891

1,815,181 1,862,469 1,917,572 1,967,901 2,017,562 2,068,723 2,121,436 2,175,748Total Valley

Projected Data

BKM

MTM

KMC

LSMC

BKM

KRM

KRM

Valley VDCs

Municipality/VDC

MTM

Valley VDCs

Total Valley

KMC

LSMC

Cenesus Data Projected DataMunicipality/

VDC

Note: 1) Each number was rounded off the number calculated by using annual growth rate of Table A.9-2, which was

estimated on the Draft Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000). 2) Since the population growth rate of Thimi between 1991 and 2001 was much higher than that of the KVTDC study’s

rate (2.26%), CKV Study Team has assumed that the actual growth rate (4.09%) between 1991 and 2001 would continue up to 2015.

Table A.9-2 Actual and Projected Population Growth Rate of Each Municipality

71-81 81-91 91-01 01-11 11-21

28-38 38-48 48-58 58-68 68-78

4.57 6.00 4.78 3.32 3.18

3.07 3.79 3.47 3.44 3.35

1.91 2.39 1.68 3.52 3.44

2.37 2.06 4.09 4.09 4.09

1.60 2.53 2.68 2.07 2.07

2.56 2.46 2.34 0.95 0.84

3.12 3.83 3.50 2.61 2.54

Municipality/VDC

Total Valley

BKM

MTM

KMC

LSMC

KRM

Valley VDCs

Source: Population census data of each municipality (1991, 2001)

Draft Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000)




Table A.9-3 Ward Wise Population of Each Municipality

(1) Kathmandu Metropolitan City

Actual Data

1 8,731 8,464 8,187 8,055 -0.31% -0.34% -0.36%2 9,163 13,655 18,307 20,534 4.07% 3.01% 2.99%3 14,347 20,782 27,446 30,636 3.77% 2.86% 2.85%4 15,337 29,539 44,246 51,288 6.77% 4.17% 4.07%5 8,646 15,340 22,272 25,591 5.90% 3.85% 3.77%6 17,509 39,316 61,899 72,711 8.43% 4.70% 4.54%7 19,797 39,530 59,965 69,749 7.16% 4.31% 4.19%8 7,756 9,434 11,172 12,004 1.98% 1.73% 1.76%9 16,516 29,263 42,464 48,783 5.89% 3.84% 3.76%10 39,531 25,977 - - - - -11 10,055 15,244 20,618 23,190 4.25% 3.10% 3.08%12 9,940 10,313 10,699 10,884 0.37% 0.37% 0.39%13 14,746 29,721 45,229 52,653 7.26% 4.34% 4.22%14 18,425 34,488 51,123 59,087 6.47% 4.06% 3.97%15 19,627 32,441 45,711 52,064 5.15% 3.53% 3.48%16 21,286 45,450 70,474 82,454 7.88% 4.54% 4.40%17 11,605 19,876 28,441 32,542 5.53% 3.69% 3.63%18 8,081 8,065 8,048 8,040 -0.02% -0.02% -0.02%19 7,588 7,400 7,205 7,112 -0.25% -0.27% -0.29%20 8,920 8,240 7,536 7,199 -0.79% -0.90% -0.98%21 12,383 12,369 12,355 12,348 -0.01% -0.01% -0.01%22 7,884 5,840 3,723 2,710 -2.96% -4.48% -5.45%23 8,711 8,289 7,852 7,643 -0.50% -0.55% -0.59%24 6,288 5,272 4,220 3,716 -1.75% -2.24% -2.51%25 5,744 4,310 2,825 2,114 -2.83% -4.21% -5.06%26 4,248 3,764 3,263 3,023 -1.20% -1.44% -1.58%27 8,112 7,789 7,455 7,294 -0.41% -0.44% -0.47%28 5,077 5,462 5,861 6,052 0.73% 0.72% 0.75%29 19,179 24,543 30,098 32,757 2.50% 2.09% 2.11%30 11,033 9,896 8,719 8,155 -1.12% -1.33% -1.46%31 12,455 14,502 16,622 17,637 1.53% 1.39% 1.43%32 14,613 24,355 34,444 39,274 5.24% 3.57% 3.51%33 17,925 21,597 25,400 27,220 2.41% 2.03% 2.05%34 46,136 - - - - -35 35,184 - - - - -

Total 421,258 671,846 931,352 1,055,591 4.69% 3.32% 3.18%

2015 1991-2001 2001-2011 2011-2015Ward

Population Population Growth RateCensus Data Projected Data Projected Data

1991 2001 2011

Note: Because of restructuring of wards in 1991, future population of some wards cannot be projected.

Total population of all wards was projected based on the municipal level population growth rate of the Draft Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000) as shown in Table A.9-2.

Source: Projected by the JICA Study Team based on Population Census data of KMC and the Draft Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000)




(2) Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City

Actual Data

1 9,410 7,090 - - - - -2 7,462 10,459 14,631 16,679 3.43% 3.41% 3.39%3 8,444 10,637 13,689 15,188 2.34% 2.55% 2.58%4 11,588 10,971 - - - - -5 15,118 6,573 - - - - -6 8,048 6,352 - - - - -7 5,080 6,408 8,256 9,164 2.35% 2.57% 2.59%8 3,812 7,355 12,286 14,708 6.79% 5.27% 5.07%9 5,427 8,135 11,904 13,755 4.13% 3.88% 3.82%10 2,395 5,430 - - - - -11 4,078 4,238 4,461 4,570 0.39% 0.51% 0.54%12 3,840 5,677 8,234 9,489 3.99% 3.79% 3.74%13 2,391 6,553 - - - - -14 3,076 11,530 - - - - -15 2,745 11,352 - - - - -16 2,727 5,294 8,867 10,621 6.86% 5.29% 5.10%17 2,435 6,693 - - - - -18 1,652 6,915 - - - - -19 2,728 6,048 10,669 12,938 8.29% 5.84% 5.58%20 4,013 6,519 10,007 11,720 4.97% 4.38% 4.28%21 3,974 4,249 4,632 4,820 0.67% 0.87% 0.90%22 5,422 8,513 12,815 14,928 4.61% 4.18% 4.09%

Total 115,865 162,991 228,586 260,790 3.47% 3.44% 3.35%

1991-2001 2001-2011 2011-2015

Population Growth RateCensus Data Projected Data Projected DataWard

Population

1991 2001 2011 2015

Note: Because of restructuring of wards in 1997, future population of some wards cannot be projected.

Total population of all wards was projected based on the municipal level population growth rate of the Draft Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000) as shown in Table A.9-2.

Source: Projected by the JICA Study Team based on Population Census data of LSMC and the Draft Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000)




(3) Bhaktapur Municipality

Actual Data

1 4,597 5,343 7,352 8,346 1.52% 3.24% 3.24%2 2,915 3,888 6,507 7,805 2.92% 5.28% 5.10%3 2,848 3,318 4,583 5,210 1.54% 3.28% 3.28%4 5,124 6,090 8,691 9,979 1.74% 3.62% 3.59%5 3,702 4,565 6,888 8,039 2.12% 4.20% 4.12%6 2,639 3,167 4,588 5,292 1.84% 3.78% 3.74%7 4,364 4,652 5,427 5,811 0.64% 1.55% 1.60%8 3,535 3,601 3,779 3,867 0.19% 0.48% 0.51%9 2,689 2,542 2,146 1,950 -0.56% -1.68% -1.88%10 3,646 4,193 5,666 6,395 1.41% 3.06% 3.06%11 3,288 3,579 4,362 4,750 0.85% 2.00% 2.04%12 3,623 4,118 5,451 6,111 1.29% 2.84% 2.86%13 2,879 2,642 2,004 1,688 -0.86% -2.73% -3.15%14 4,148 5,070 7,552 8,782 2.03% 4.07% 4.00%15 3,636 5,202 9,418 11,506 3.65% 6.12% 5.83%16 2,924 3,582 5,353 6,231 2.05% 4.10% 4.03%17 4,848 6,991 12,760 15,618 3.73% 6.20% 5.91%

Total 61,405 72,543 102,527 117,380 1.68% 3.52% 3.44%

Population Population Growth Rate

Projected Data

2011 2015 1991-2001

Census Data Projected Data

2001

Ward

1991 2001-2011 2011-2015

Source: Projected by the JICA Study Team based on Population Census data of BKM and the Draft Kathmandu Valley

Development Plan 2020, KVTDC (2000)

(4) Madhyapur Thimi Municipality

Actual Data

1 1,934 2,545 3,457 3,936 2.78% 3.11% 3.16%2 1,732 2,147 2,766 3,092 2.17% 2.57% 2.64%3 2,486 2,820 3,318 3,581 1.27% 1.64% 1.72%4 1,341 1,816 2,525 2,898 3.08% 3.35% 3.39%5 1,600 1,792 2,078 2,229 1.14% 1.49% 1.57%6 1,296 1,412 1,585 1,676 0.86% 1.16% 1.23%7 1,963 2,732 3,879 4,484 3.36% 3.57% 3.60%8 2,052 2,374 2,854 3,107 1.47% 1.86% 1.94%9 1,817 1,543 1,134 919 -1.62% -3.03% -3.63%10 1,902 1,936 1,987 2,013 0.18% 0.26% 0.28%11 2,443 2,299 2,084 1,971 -0.61% -0.98% -1.09%12 2,027 2,218 2,503 2,653 0.90% 1.22% 1.29%13 2,597 3,168 4,020 4,469 2.01% 2.41% 2.49%14 1,723 2,215 2,949 3,336 2.54% 2.90% 2.97%15 1,600 7,531 16,380 21,041 16.75% 8.08% 7.61%16 1,855 4,788 9,164 11,469 9.95% 6.71% 6.44%17 1,602 4,415 8,612 10,822 10.67% 6.91% 6.61%

Total 31,970 47,751 71,297 83,696 4.09% 4.09% 4.09%

Ward

Population

1991 2001 2011 2015

Population Growth RateCensus Data Projected Data Projected Data

1991-2001 2001-2011 2011-2015

Source: Projected by the JICA Study Team based on Population Census data of MTM and the Draft Kathmandu Valley





(5) Kirtipur Municipality

Actual Data

1 1,826 2,824 3,799 4,249 4.46% 3.01% 2.96%2 1,430 2,328 3,206 3,610 4.99% 3.25% 3.18%3 2,919 4,149 5,352 5,905 3.58% 2.58% 2.55%4 1,619 1,828 2,032 2,127 1.22% 1.06% 1.09%5 1,811 1,992 2,169 2,251 0.96% 0.85% 0.88%6 1,330 1,348 1,366 1,374 0.13% 0.13% 0.14%7 1,686 2,051 2,408 2,572 1.98% 1.62% 1.63%8 1,833 2,024 2,211 2,297 1.00% 0.89% 0.91%9 1,726 2,019 2,305 2,438 1.58% 1.33% 1.36%10 1,013 1,091 1,167 1,202 0.74% 0.68% 0.69%11 1,767 2,172 2,568 2,751 2.09% 1.69% 1.70%12 1,670 1,895 2,115 2,216 1.27% 1.10% 1.12%13 940 1,454 1,957 2,188 4.46% 3.02% 2.96%14 1,873 2,136 2,393 2,512 1.32% 1.14% 1.16%15 2,814 3,062 3,304 3,416 0.85% 0.76% 0.78%16 1,198 1,540 1,874 2,029 2.54% 1.98% 1.99%17 1,580 3,743 5,858 6,833 9.01% 4.58% 4.39%18 1,629 2,399 3,152 3,499 3.95% 2.77% 2.73%19 674 780 884 931 1.47% 1.26% 1.27%

Total 31,338 40,835 50,120 54,400 2.68% 2.07% 2.07%

1991 2001 2001-2011 2011-2015Ward

Population Population Growth RateCensus Data Projected Data Projected Data

2011 2015 1991-2001

Source: Projected by the JICA Study Team based on Population Census data of KRM and the Draft Kathmandu Valley


APPENDIX 11.1

Solid Waste Stream Flow of Five Municipalities

(Current and Future)

The Study on the Solid Waste Management Main Report for the Kathmandu Valley Appendix 11.1

A 11.1 - 1 CKV Sapha Sahar Hamro Rahar


APPENDIX 11.1 SOLID WASTE STREAM FLOW OF FIVE MUNICIPALITIES (CURRENT AND FUTURE)

1. Kathmandu Metropolitan City

RecycledMarket Based Business Activity

Source Reduced Managed

LegendCollected

Collected

Generated Discharged Uncollected

Non Managed



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed

Compositng

325.4

PrimaryValuables

Home

Existing Solid Waste Stream (2005)

Future Solid Waste Stream (2015)

HomeCompositng

PrimaryValuables

1.4

2.1

KMC

KMC

Consumed atout of the Valley

composting (total)0.0

0.0

GeneratedWaste Community Based

Composting

0

49.1

Material flowunder

Municipality'sresponsibility

Material flowagainst


Material flowbeyond

Municipality'sresponsibilityDesignated Waste

Collection Points(Waste Depot.)

(Container)(Open Area)

(Others)

Material flowmay under


Cycle Hawkers Scrap Dealers

Material flowbeyond






Cycle Hawkers

Material flowunder


Scrap DealersRecyclingIndustries

Bagmati RiverDumping Site

Designated WasteCollection Points(Waste Depot.)


(Others)

SisdolShort-term

Landfill

86%3.5279.8

RecyclingIndustries

Uncollected

45.6

45.6

276.3

321.9

TekuTransfer Station


GeneratedWaste


60.9 95%11.8

36.5

Community BasedComposting

Waste ProcessingFacility

13.8 182.7

547.9 487.0 27.4

317.9

459.6

Uncollected

27.4

Transfer Station(Teku, Balaju)

13.8520.5

Banchare DandaLong-term Landfill

Unit: t/day

Unit: t/day




2. Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed

12.1

5.6

0.5

1.4

PrimaryValuables

HomeCompositng


Compositng


PrimaryValuables

Home

Cycle Hawkers

LSMC

GeneratedWaste

31.2

135.4 117.7 13.5 Designated WasteCollection Points(Waste Depot.)


(Others)

13.5

104.2

Uncollected

Material flowunder



58.7



composting (total)

20.6

56.8

74%1.9

Uncollected

RecyclingIndustries


composting (total)







(Others)

Material flowbeyond


SisdolShort-term

Landfill

79.3 77.4

Cycle Hawkers

LSMC

GeneratedWaste

17.7 90%121.9

20.8

20.6

Scrap Dealers

Material flowunder




Material flowbeyond





Waste ProcessingFacility

104.16

20.8

Unit: t/day

Unit: t/day




3. Bhaktapur Municipality



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed



LegendCollected

Collected


Non ManagedMaterial flow

againstMunicipality'sresponsibility

Material flowbeyond


17.9

Material flowbeyond







Material flowunder




(Others)


1.2 Material flowunder


Taikabu WasteProcessing Facility

RecyclingIndustries

Scrap Dealers

46.2 43.0 4.6

4.6

26.7

41.63.2 90% 3.01.2

15

38.4

Uncollected

TaikabuLong-term Landfill

Uncollected

6.7

Cycle Hawkers

20.0

76%0.221.6

RecyclingIndustries


Hanumante RiverDumping Site



(Others)

Composting Facility

3.0



4.2

BKM

GeneratedWaste


0.6


6.7

26.9


PrimaryValuables

BKM

GeneratedWaste


Compositng

Scrap Dealers

Home

0.2

26.7

Cycle Hawkers

PrimaryValuables

HomeCompositng

0

2.7

Unit: t/day

Unit: t/day




4. Madhyapur Thimi Municipality



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed

0.1

17.9


Compositng

8.3

18.4

Uncollected

27.8


PrimaryValuables

Home

PrimaryValuables

Uncollected

9.7

9.7

Scrap Dealers

26.7 8.3

0.5



(Others)

1.1 0.719.5

1.0

Cycle Hawkers

Material flowunder



5.5

5.4

36%0.1

Material flowbeyond


RecyclingIndustries


(KMC)

0.0



15.2 15.1

Cycle Hawkers

MTM

GeneratedWaste

composting (total)


0.5

TaikabuLong-term Landfill


Chamber

Taikabu WasteProcessing Facility

0.5 0 Material flowunder




Material flowbeyond


MTM

GeneratedWaste

HomeCompositng

0.1

0


5.4


0.0



(Others)


Chamber

0

SisdolShort-term

Landfill





Unit: t/day

Unit: t/day




5. Kirtipur Municipality



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed



LegendCollected

Collected


Non Managed

0.2


PrimaryValuables

Home

0.1 Consumed atout of the Valley

composting (total)

RecyclingIndustries


4.7

0

1.1 Cycle Hawkers

0.00.0 0.0

KRM

GeneratedWaste


Compositng

12.1 12.0

Material flowunder




Material flowbeyond




KRM

GeneratedWaste




(Others)

13.2

Uncollected

13.2

PrimaryValuables

13.2

Cycle Hawkers

Material flowunder



Material flowbeyond







7.3

7.3

Scrap Dealers

CommunityComposting Facility

HomeCompositng

0.01.3 80%14.5

40%0.1

Uncollected

4.8

4.0

18.1 16.8 3.6

3.6



4.7

Unit: t/day

Unit: t/day

APPENDIX 11.2

Projected Solid Waste Generation and Target Waste Management Quantity

Term Short-term Mid-term Long-termYear 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

KMC Poplation a - 741,008 765,610 791,028 817,290 844,424 872,459 901,424 931,352 960,969 991,527 1,023,058 1,055,591 Annual Increasing Rate (Pop.) % 3.32% 3.32% 3.32% 3.32% 3.32% 3.32% 3.32% 3.18% 3.18% 3.18% 3.18% 3.18%Waste Unit Generation Rate b kg/capita-day 0.416 0.425 0.434 0.443 0.452 0.461 0.470 0.479 0.489 0.499 0.509 0.519 Annual Increasing Rate (UGR.) % 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%Generation Quantity c=axb ton/day 308.4 325.4 343.3 362.1 381.7 402.2 423.7 446.1 469.9 494.8 520.7 547.9 Annual Increasing Rate (Gen. Q) % 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 0.0%Managed Waste Quantity d=cxe ton/day 250.0 279.8 298.7 318.6 339.7 362.0 385.6 410.4 437.0 465.1 494.7 520.5 Management Ratio e % 81.1% 86.0% 87.0% 88.0% 89.0% 90.0% 91.0% 92.0% 93.0% 94.0% 95.0% 95.0%Souce Reduction Quantity f=cxg ton/day 2.1 3.5 5.2 7.7 10.9 15.0 18.4 23.1 29.1 36.7 47.0 60.9 Source Reduction Ratio g % 0.7% 1.1% 1.5% 2.1% 2.9% 3.7% 4.3% 5.2% 6.2% 7.4% 9.0% 11.1%Collecion Quantity h=ix(d-f) ton/day 247.9 276.3 293.5 310.9 328.8 347.0 367.2 387.3 407.9 428.4 447.7 459.6 Collection Ratio i % 80.9% 85.8% 86.8% 87.7% 88.7% 89.6% 90.6% 91.6% 92.5% 93.5% 94.5% 94.4%

LSMC Poplation a - 180,397 186,603 193,022 199,662 206,530 213,635 220,984 228,586 236,244 244,158 252,337 260,790 Annual Increasing Rate (Pop.) % 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.35% 3.35% 3.35% 3.35% 3.35%Waste Unit Generation Rate b kg/capita-day 0.416 0.425 0.434 0.443 0.452 0.461 0.470 0.479 0.489 0.499 0.509 0.519 Annual Increasing Rate (UGR.) % 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%Generation Quantity c=axb ton/day 75.1 79.3 83.8 88.5 93.4 98.5 103.9 109.5 115.5 121.8 128.4 135.4 Annual Increasing Rate (Gen. Q) % 5.6% 5.7% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 5.5% 0.0%Managed Waste Quantity d=cxe ton/day 52.6 58.7 63.7 69.0 74.7 80.8 87.3 93.1 99.3 106.0 113.0 121.9 Management Ratio e % 70.0% 74.0% 76.0% 78.0% 80.0% 82.0% 84.0% 85.0% 86.0% 87.0% 88.0% 90.0%Souce Reduction Quantity f=cxg ton/day 1.0 1.9 2.4 3.2 4.1 5.3 6.3 7.5 9.2 11.4 14.1 17.7 Source Reduction Ratio g % 1.3% 2.4% 2.9% 3.6% 4.4% 5.4% 6.1% 6.8% 8.0% 9.4% 11.0% 13.1%Collecion Quantity h=ix(d-f) ton/day 51.6 56.8 61.3 65.8 70.6 75.5 81.0 85.6 90.1 94.6 98.9 104.2 Collection Ratio i % 69.6% 73.4% 75.3% 77.2% 79.1% 81.0% 83.0% 83.9% 84.8% 85.7% 86.5% 88.5%

BKM Poplation a - 80,476 83,309 86,242 89,277 92,420 95,673 99,041 102,527 106,054 109,702 113,476 117,380 Annual Increasing Rate (Pop.) % 3.52% 3.52% 3.52% 3.52% 3.52% 3.52% 3.52% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44% 3.44%Waste Unit Generation Rate b kg/capita-day 0.316 0.323 0.329 0.336 0.343 0.350 0.357 0.364 0.371 0.378 0.386 0.394 Annual Increasing Rate (UGR.) % 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%Generation Quantity c=axb ton/day 25.5 26.9 28.4 30 31.7 33.5 35.4 37.3 39.3 41.5 43.8 46.2 Annual Increasing Rate (Gen. Q) % 5.5% 5.6% 5.6% 5.7% 5.7% 5.7% 5.4% 5.4% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 0.0%Managed Waste Quantity d=cxe ton/day 19.1 20.2 21.6 23.4 25.4 27.5 29.7 31.7 33.8 36.1 38.5 41.6 Management Ratio e % 75.0% 75.0% 76.0% 78.0% 80.0% 82.0% 84.0% 85.0% 86.0% 87.0% 88.0% 90.0%Souce Reduction Quantity f=cxg ton/day 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.5 3.2 Source Reduction Ratio g % 0.4% 0.7% 0.7% 1.0% 1.6% 1.8% 2.5% 3.2% 3.8% 4.6% 5.7% 6.9%Collecion Quantity h=ix(d-f) ton/day 19.0 20.0 21.4 23.1 24.9 26.9 28.8 30.5 32.3 34.2 36.0 38.4 Collection Ratio i % 74.8% 74.8% 75.8% 77.8% 79.7% 81.7% 83.6% 84.5% 85.4% 86.4% 87.3% 89.3%

MTM Poplation a - 53,853 56,056 58,348 60,735 63,219 65,804 68,496 71,297 74,213 77,248 80,407 83,696 Annual Increasing Rate (Pop.) % 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09% 4.09%Waste Unit Generation Rate b kg/capita-day 0.266 0.272 0.277 0.283 0.289 0.295 0.301 0.307 0.313 0.319 0.325 0.332 Annual Increasing Rate (UGR.) % 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%Generation Quantity c=axb ton/day 14.3 15.2 16.2 17.2 18.3 19.4 20.6 21.9 23.2 24.6 26.1 27.8 Annual Increasing Rate (Gen. Q) % 6.3% 6.6% 6.2% 6.4% 6.0% 6.2% 6.3% 5.9% 6.0% 6.1% 6.5% 0.0%Managed Waste Quantity d=cxe ton/day 5.0 5.5 6.2 6.7 7.3 8.3 9.5 11.0 12.8 14.8 17.0 19.5 Management Ratio e % 35.0% 36.0% 38.0% 39.0% 40.0% 43.0% 46.0% 50.0% 55.0% 60.0% 65.0% 70.0%Souce Reduction Quantity f=cxg ton/day 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 Source Reduction Ratio g % 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 1.1% 1.5% 1.9% 2.3% 2.6% 2.8% 3.4% 4.0%Collecion Quantity h=ix(d-f) ton/day 4.9 5.4 6.1 6.6 7.1 8.0 9.1 10.5 12.2 14.1 16.1 18.4 Collection Ratio i % 34.5% 35.6% 37.6% 38.6% 39.3% 42.1% 44.9% 48.8% 53.8% 58.8% 63.8% 68.8%

KRM Poplation a - 43,424 44,323 45,240 46,176 47,132 48,108 49,104 50,120 51,157 52,216 53,297 54,400 Annual Increasing Rate (Pop.) % 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07% 2.07%Waste Unit Generation Rate b kg/capita-day 0.266 0.272 0.277 0.283 0.289 0.295 0.301 0.307 0.313 0.319 0.325 0.332 Annual Increasing Rate (UGR.) % 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%Generation Quantity c=axb ton/day 11.6 12.1 12.5 13.1 13.6 14.2 14.8 15.4 16 16.7 17.3 18.1 Annual Increasing Rate (Gen. Q) % 4.3% 3.3% 4.8% 3.8% 4.4% 4.2% 4.1% 3.9% 4.4% 3.6% 4.6% 0.0%Managed Waste Quantity d=cxe ton/day 4.1 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.8 8.0 10.8 10.8 11.6 12.5 13.4 14.5 Management Ratio e % 35.0% 40.0% 43.0% 46.0% 50.0% 56.5% 73.0% 70.0% 72.5% 75.0% 77.5% 80.0%Souce Reduction Quantity f=cxg ton/day 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.3 Source Reduction Ratio g % 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 2.2% 2.1% 2.7% 3.2% 3.8% 4.8% 5.8% 7.2%Collecion Quantity h=ix(d-f) ton/day 4.0 4.7 5.3 5.9 6.5 7.7 10.4 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2 Collection Ratio i % 34.4% 39.5% 42.5% 45.6% 48.9% 55.6% 72.3% 69.0% 71.4% 73.7% 76.1% 78.5%

Total Poplation a - 1,099,158 1,135,901 1,173,880 1,213,140 1,253,725 1,295,679 1,339,049 1,383,882 1,428,637 1,474,851 1,522,575 1,571,857Five Annual Increasing Rate (Pop.) % 3.34% 3.34% 3.34% 3.35% 3.35% 3.35% 3.35% 3.23% 3.23% 3.24% 3.24%

Municipalities Waste Unit Generation Rate b kg/capita-day 0.396 0.404 0.412 0.421 0.43 0.438 0.447 0.455 0.465 0.474 0.484 0.493 Annual Increasing Rate (UGR.) % 2.0% 2.0% 2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 2.1% 1.8% 2.2% 1.9% 2.1% 1.9%Generation Quantity c=axb ton/day 434.9 458.9 484.2 510.9 538.7 567.8 598.4 630.2 663.9 699.4 736.3 775.4 Annual Increasing Rate (Gen. Q) % 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3%Managed Waste Quantity d=cxe ton/day 330.7 369.0 395.6 423.7 453.9 486.6 522.9 557.0 594.5 634.5 676.6 718.0 Management Ratio e % 76.0% 80.4% 81.7% 82.9% 84.3% 85.7% 87.4% 88.4% 89.5% 90.7% 91.9% 92.6%Souce Reduction Quantity f=cxg ton/day 3.4 5.8 8.0 11.4 16.0 21.5 26.4 32.8 41.0 51.5 65.5 84.2 Source Reduction Ratio g % 0.8% 1.3% 1.7% 2.2% 3.0% 3.8% 4.4% 5.2% 6.2% 7.4% 8.9% 10.9%Collecion Quantity h=ix(d-f) ton/day 327.33 363.2 387.5 412.4 437.9 465.1 496.5 524.1 553.5 583.0 611.1 633.7 Collection Ratio i % 75.9% 80.2% 81.4% 82.6% 83.8% 85.1% 86.8% 87.7% 88.9% 90.0% 91.1% 91.7%

source: JICA Study Team

Table A 11.2-1 Projected Solid Waste Generation and Target Waste Management Ratio

MunicpalityPresent

A 11.2 - 1

APPENDIX 11.3

Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63)

Proposed by Task Force

(Five Municipalities and SWMRMC)

The Study on the Solid Waste Managementfor the Kathmandu Valley

Main ReportAppendix 11.3

III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II

A-1-S1

1 Preparation of agreement and TOR for PPP SWMS/Rajesh Manander

A-1 S2

1 Agreement with private sector SWMS/Rajesh Manander

A-1-S3

1 Preparation of an equipment replacement plan MS/Purusotam Shakya

2 Procurement of Compactor Truck or Tipper with cover Environment Dept./MS 1,400,000

3 Replacement of tractors purchasing 4 vehicles Environment Dept./MS 5,500,000

A-1-S6

1 Preparation of an inventory of sweeping areas SWMS/Rajesh Manander

2 Time and Motion survey of core areas SWMS/Rajesh Manander 11,000

3 Record data of sweeping areas inventory into the GISsystem SWMS/Rajesh Manander 50,000

4 Record data of Time and Motion survey of core areas SWMS/Rajesh Manander

A-1-S7

1 Plan and implement direct collection system in 2 Wardsas pilot basis SWMS/Rajesh Manander 20,000

2 Preparation of new collection plan (core areas) SWMS/Rajesh Manander

A-2-S1

1 Preparation of an effective operation plan of Tekutransfer station SWMS/Rajesh Manander

2 Construction and laying RCC of 1,000 sq meter SWMS/Rajesh Manander 700,000

3 Infrastructure for night time operation (lighting system) SWMS/Rajesh Manander 200,000

4 Drainage management SWMS/Rajesh Manander 500,000

5 Upgrading servicing situation (vehicle washing) SWMS/Rajesh Manander 400,000

Establishment of rules for private sector collection and its monitoring system

Promotion of private sector participation in door to door collection for 25% ofHHs

Preparation of equipment replacement plan and pilot test for a few types collectionvehicles and commencement of replacement of tractors (for 25% collection)

Improvement of collection and transportation system taking intoconsideration waste transportation to Sisdol landfill site

Ashadh

SN Shor-term Activities to be Conducted inFY2005/06 (2062/2063)

Responsible Person(Department, Section)

ProposedBudget(NRs) 2063

Shrawan Bhadra Kartik

JuneMarch AprilDecember January February

Baisak Jestha

2062Magh FalgunAswin

October November

Mangsir Poush

Table A 11.3-1 Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63) Proposed by Task Force (KMC)

Introduction of GIS System for waste collection plan

2005 2006JulyJuly August May

Chaitra

September

Establishment of effective operation system of Teku transfer station

A 11.3 - 1




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

6 Weight bridge operation SWMS/Rajesh Manander 50,000

A-2-S2

1 Preparation of a plan together with design of Balajutransfer station SWMS/Rajesh Manander

2 Implementation of public consultation SWMS/Rajesh Manander

3 Implementation of IEE study SWMS/Rajesh Manander

A-3-S1

1 Renovation of mechanical workshop MS/Purusotam Shakya 1,000,000

2 Procurement of official facilities (computer and steelracks) MS/Purusotam Shakya 400,000

3 Store database software package and managementtraining MS/Purusotam Shakya 400,000

4 Mechanics training MS/Purusotam Shakya 100,000

B-1-S1

1 Final site selection SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Site surveys SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

3 Concept design SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

4 Feasibility study including market study SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

5 EIA SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

B-2-S1

1 Implementation of reviewing activities CMU/Shriju

B-2-S2

1 Compost bin set distribution CMU 700,000

2 Vermi-composting kits development and provision ofsubsidy CMU 40,000

3 Recycling sets for Nature Clubs CMU 200,000

Plan (design), construction and operation of Balaju transfer station (includingnecessary revision of primary collection route)

Production of home compost bins and home vermi-compost kits and theirdistribution

Renovation of existing mechanical workshop including replacement of oldequipment and establishment of efficient parts stock system

Cooperation with SWMRMC to proceed development of a central level WPF(50-100 t/d) at appropriate place

Review of the existing home and community composting and recyclingactivities

A 11.3 - 2




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

B-2-S3

1 CRC-supporting activities CMU 250,000

2 CRC-establishment in 5 Wards CMU 250,000

B-3-S1

1 Operation of medium-scale vermi-composting CMU

B-3-S2

1 Implementation of marketing study CMU

2 Preparation and Implementation of sales campaignincluding review and evaluation CMU

C-1-S1

1Procurement of heavy equipment and vehicles (1 wheelloader, 1 supervision vehicle, 1 mobile maintenancevehicle w/ tools)

MS/Purusotam Shakya 13,500,000

2 Monitoring daily LF management SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

3 Extension of gas venting pipes SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 100,000

4 Intermediate leachate collection SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 600,000

5 Maintenance of leachate collection and treatmentfacilities SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 300,000

6 Building maintenance SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 300,000

7 Operation of pump SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 600,000

8 Vehicle and equipment hiring including rental trucks for3 months (mid-July~end-Sept) SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 1,200,000

9 Arrangement of fuel for equipment within the site SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 1,200,000

C-2-S1

1 Site selection survey and public consultation SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

Conducting of survey for possible long-term landfill sites

Operation of Community Recycling Center (CRC) in Ward 21 and itsextension to other Wards (with support from NEREPA)

Operation of Sisdol sanitary landfill site

Operation and expansion of medium-scale vermi-composting

Implementation of sales campaign together with marketing study

A 11.3 - 3




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

C-2-S2

1 Site surveys SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Concept design SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

3 Feasibility study including market study SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

4 EIA SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

C-3-S1

1 Planning for rehabilitation works for Balkhu SWMS/Kiran 300,000

2 Selection of contractor for rehabilitation andlandscaping SWMS/Kiran

3 Rehabilitation works and landscaping (500~1,000m peryear) SWMS/Kiran 1,500,000

D-1-S1

1 Establishment of 50 Nature Clubs CMU/Shriju 25,000

D-1-S2 Development of training packages on 5,000

1 Solid Waste Management, Greenery Promotion.Cultural Heritage Conservation, Communication, CMU/Shriju

2 Nature Club management CMU/Shriju

D-1-S3

1 Workshop for Guide Teachers CMU/Umesh 50,000

2 Workshop for Principals CMU/Umesh 50,000

3 Workshop for Nature clubs CMU/Umesh 200,000

4 Handover Nature clubs CMU/Umesh 50,000

5 Eco-Yatra for observation visits CMU/Shriju 120,000

D-1-S4

1 Regular interaction between Nature Clubs and localcommunities CMU/Shriju

Establishment of 50 more Nature Clubs

Regular interaction between Nature Clubs and local communities to reach outto society as a whole

Training for Nature Clubs members on the above five areas

Cooperation with SWMRMC to proceed establishment of a long-term landfillsite

Rehabilitation and landscaping works of the Bagmati (Balkhu) dumping site

A 11.3 - 4




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

D-2-S1 100,000

1 Development of a database CMU/Shriju

D-2-S2

1 Review and evaluation of the existing WECs CMU/Shriju

2 Form active WECs in 5 Wards CMU/Shriju 25,000

D-2-S3

1 Training for WECs CMU/Sanu 50,000

2 Coordination and networking of WECs CMU/Sanu 50,000

3 Conduct community cleanup CMU/Sanu 50,000

D-2-S4

1 Training for NGOs/CBOs CMU/Sanu 50,000

D-2-S5

1 Provision of annual award CMU/Sanu

D-3-S1

1 Mobilization of CVs CMU/Shriju 50,000

D-3-S2

1 Capability training camp CMU/Shriju 160,000

2 City Volunteers training CMU/Shriju 100,000

D-4-S1

1 Promotional materials CMU/Shriju 200,000

D-4-S3

1 Self-explanatory displays in KMCs prime location CMU/Shriju 50,000

Implementation of closed camps for capability building and raising teamspirit of each batch

Review and evaluation of the existing Ward Environmental Committee(WEC) and formation of active WECs in 10 Wards

Provision of training on SWM and community mobilization for WECs

Production of CMU’s promotional materials (flyers, brochures, posters,stickers, etc.)

Provision of annual award to best WEC

Setting up of self-explanatory displays on SWM at CMU and other keylocations for wider publicity

Mobilization of City Volunteers (CVs) to support BABA program

Provision of technical and financial assistance to best community initiatives ofWECs

Development of a database of community groups, NGOs/CBOs and privatesector, and selection of the best ones for long-term work

A 11.3 - 5




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

D-4-S4

1 Radio Jingles CMU/Shriju 75,000

2 Media Promotion CMU/Shriju 50,000

D-4-S5

1 Web page design CMU/Shriju

2 Web page maintenance CMU/Shriju

D-4-S6

1 Community Exhibition on Environment and Earth day CMU/Shriju 300,000

D-5-S1 60,000

1 Recruiting of a BABA coordinator CMU/Shriju

D-5-S2

1 Recruiting of assistant level staff for administration CMU/Shriju 60,000

E-1-S1

1 Obtain approval from the Municipal Board/ Council onthe new organization structure

EnvironmentDept./Mr.Indraman

2 Conducting of sharing session to disseminateinformation about the new organization structure

EnvironmentDept./Mr.Indraman 5,000

E-2-S1

1 Preparation of plan of operation of monitoring andevaluation SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Conducting of monitoring and review of the AnnualWork Plan


3 Formulation of Annual Work Plan of FY2063/64 EnvironmentDept./Mr.Indraman

E-2-S2

1 Conducting of expenditure monitoring of the AnnualWork Plan


2 Formulation of program-based budget of FY2063/64 EnvironmentDept./Mr.Indraman

Regular featuring and reporting on SWM on TV program “HamroKathmandu”

Establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system in alignment with theAction Plan

Mainstreaming of program-based budgeting system and expendituremonitoring for a more efficient use of resources

Design and maintenance of the web page on SWM

Implementation of the reorganization plan of the Environment Department

Recruiting of a BABA coordinator

Recruiting of assistant level staff for administration

Implementation of community exhibition and event regularly

A 11.3 - 6




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

E-2-S3

1 Implementation of regular coordination meetings EnvironmentDept./Mr.Indraman

E-2-S4

1 Waste record database SWMS/Robert

2 Budget database SWMS/Robert 10,000

3 Store database SWMS/Robert 10,000

E-3-S1

1 Review of existing tasks and responsibilities of eachunit SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Series of meetings among related units SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

3 Preparation of TORs for each unit SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

E-3-S2

1 Development of reassignment plan SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Reassignment of necessary staff SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

E-4-S1

1 Development of a staffing plan EnvironmentDept./Mr.Indraman

E-4-S2

1 Assignment of a learning manager SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Development of database SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

3 Collection of necessary data from each staff SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

E-4-S3

1 Development of plan of knowledge-sharing mechanismand peer-training sessions SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Implementation of knowledge-sharing meeting and peer-training session SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

Preparation of TORs for each unit delineating tasks and responsibilities to beundertaken during Action Plan implementation

Development of a staffing plan based on HRD program and its application

Assignment of a Learning Manager for HRD and maintain an inventory ofstaff skills and knowledge, training history

Strengthening of knowledge-sharing mechanism and peer-training sessionsfor full utilization of existing human resources

Reassignment of necessary staff (Taking into consideration future resourcedemands such as for facilities development)

Improvement of information flow and management by encouraging regularcoordination meetings and sharing of experiences

Introduction of systematic collection and analysis of SW data by database

A 11.3 - 7




Ashadh






Baisak Jestha


October November

Mangsir Poush


Chaitra

September

F-1-S1

1 Obtain of official approval from the municipal board onthe Medical Waste Management Guidelines SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Planning of medical waste management system SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

F-1-S2

1 Public consultation SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Conducting a test run SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

F-1-S3

1 Procurement of an auto clave SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 3,000,000

F-1-S4

1 Training for KMC staff operators SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar 60,000

2 Training for health care staff by national dental hospital(USAID funds) SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

F-3-S1

1 Establishment of a day care center SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

2 Provision of health care services to sweeper populationand their children (supported by World Vision ) SWMS/Rajesh Manandhar

Legend: Continuous activity SWMS: Solid Waste Management Section CMU: Community Mobilization Unit: Intermittent activity MS: Mechanical Section: Spot activity

Operation of a medical waste treatment facility at Teku

Review of working conditions of the sweeper population and provision ofmeasures to improve their performance.

Training for staff of KMC, private sector, and medical institutions

Dissemination of Medical Waste Management Guidelines

Procurement of additional equipment (auto clave)

A 11.3 - 8




A-1-S1

1 Study of private sector involvement in SWM andpaying system ES/Pradeep Amatya

A-1-S2

1Preparation of individual agreement for PPP with theexisting private sector who are presently involved thewaste collection services.

TDD/Prabin Shrestha 20,000

2 Review meeting with private operators TDD/Prabin Shrestha

3 Preparation of PPP operation guideline in SWM TDD/Prabin Shrestha 30,000

4 Signing on the agreement in 4 wards TDD/Prabin Shrestha

A-1-S3

1 Rikshaw collection system - 6 rikshaws ES/Pradeep Amatya 90,000

2 Distribution of buckets ES/Pradeep Amatya 10,000

3 Increase handcarts ES/Pradeep Amatya 40,000

A-1-S4

1 Develop networking system with private partners TDD/Prabin Shrestha 10,000

2 Set up the target area and its introduction schedule(Preparation of planning report) ES/Pradeep Amatya

A-2-S1

1 Computer training for 5 staffs ES/Pradeep Amatya 50,000

2 Detail Time and Motion survey of all existing routes ES/Pradeep Amatya 12,500

3 Preparation of survey report ES/Pradeep Amatya 7,500

Table A.11.3-2 Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63) Proposed by Task Force (LSMC)

Implementation of Time and Motion study

2062

June JulyJanuary February March April

Review of existing policy of LSMC and establishment of strong bylaws (andrules) interacting with all stakeholders and its publication

May

SN

2005October November DecemberJuly August September

Falgun Chaitra

2006

Preparation of standard TOR and agreement for PPP concept

Introduction of a new pilot project for waste collection from shops byprivate sector

Newly introduction of door to door collection for 25% houses at the outsidethe city core area by private sector

Kartik Mangsir Poush Magh Baisak Jestha Ashadh

Shor-term Activities to be Conducted inFY2005/06 (2062/2063)

Responsible Person(Division, Section)


Shrawan Bhadra Aswin

A 11.3 - 9




2062

June JulyJanuary February March April May

SN


Falgun Chaitra

2006






4 Improve collection route and street cleaning activitiesbased on the report ES/Pradeep Amatya

A-2-S2

1 Improvement of collection routes and collectionpoints by using GIS Map and GPS ES/Pradeep Amatya

2 Development of backup system of the collection route ES/Pradeep Amatya

A-2-S3

1 Implementation of cost analysis ES/Pradeep Amatya

A-2-S4

1 Capacity analysis ES/Pradeep Amatya

2 Preparation of procurement plan ES/Pradeep Amatya

A-3-S1

1 30 days notification for the preparation of T/S PWD/Rudra Gautam 30,000

2 Public consultation meetings PWD/Rudra Gautam 2,000

3 Hire consultants for IEE PWD/Rudra Gautam 200,000

4 Hire a supervisor for topography survey PWD/Rudra Gautam 100,000

5 Prepare a concept plan PWD/Rudra Gautam

6 Detail design, estimate and drawings PWD/Rudra Gautam 100,000

7 Arrangement of budget for the construction in nextfiscal year PWD/Rudra Gautam

Arrangement for a temporary transfer station (in Afadole) andcommencement of temporary transferring

Introduction of new collection routes

Implementation of transportation and maintenance cost analysis

Implementation of vehicle capacity analysis and plan for procurement ofnew vehicles

A 11.3 - 10




2062


SN


Falgun Chaitra

2006






B-1-S1

1 Concept plan preparation PWD/Rudra Gautam 30,000

2 Candidate site investigation PWD/Rudra Gautam 100,000

3 Research previous reports and data PWD/Rudra Gautam 15,000

4prepare site selection criteria, list up potential sites,field visit, preparation of report and publicdiscussion/meetings

PWD/Rudra Gautam 10,000

B-2-S1

1 Procurement of compost bins PWD/Rudra Gautam 1,200,000

2 One day training on home compost bin forcommunity and 100 municipal staff CDS/Sabina 175,000

3 Follow-up household composting program by hiringmotivators and resource persons ES/Pradeep Amatya 36,000

4 Survey report preparation ES/Pradeep Amatya 12,000

5 Procurement of vermi-composting kits CDS/Sabina 30,000

6 Two days training on vermi-composting ES/Sabina 30,000

7 Follow-up of vermi-composting ES/Pradeep Amatya

8 Survey report preparation ES/Pradeep Amatya

B-3-S1

1 Plastic separation CDS/Sabina

2 Paper recycling CDS/Sabina

3 Introduction of cotton bags CDS/Sabina 50,000

4 Support to introduce second hand shop CDS/Sabina

Cooperation with SWMRMC and KMC for development of WPF

Distribution of 1,200 home composting bins

Promotion of 3Rs practices by local people

A 11.3 - 11




2062


SN


Falgun Chaitra

2006






C-1-S1

1 Dispatch staff and loader ES/Pradeep Amatya

2 Regular visit to Sisdol LF operation ES/Pradeep Amatya 30,000

C-1-S2

1 Site surveys PWD/Rudra Gautam

2 Concept design PWD/Rudra Gautam

3 Feasibility study and market study PWD/Rudra Gautam

4 EIA PWD/Rudra Gautam

C-1-S3

1 Closure works in cooperation with KMC ES/Pradeep Amatya 10,000

D-1-S1

1 Implementation of exhibition as Public Event (1 time) CDS/Sabina 100,000

2 Implementation of wall painting as Public Event ES/Prabin Shrestha 50,000

3 Clean up campaign (provision of materials) beforeEarth Day CDS/Sabina 50,000

4 Rally for celebrating Environment Day CDS/Sabina

5 Award Ceremony on Earth Day CDS/Sabina

Operation of Sisdol SF with KMC

Closure of Bagmati dumping site

Implementation of public awareness/education activities

Cooperation with SWMRMC and KMC for development of long termlandfill site

A 11.3 - 12




2062


SN


Falgun Chaitra

2006






D-2-S1

1 Identification of pilot wards CDS/Sabina

2 One-day training for selected members (about 15people) of pilot wards CDS/Sabina 10,000

3 Formulation of WECC by providing seed money CDS/Sabina 5,000

D-2-S2

1 Workshop for target school teachers (5 schools*2people+10 staffs) CDS/Sabina 15,000

2 Camp for target school students and form Nature/EcoClubs (3-day) CDS/Sabina 62,000

3 Support of Nature/Eco Clubs by providing seedmoney CDS/Sabina 25,000

4 Various activities (competition, clean up, field visit,capacity building training) CDS/Sabina 20,000

D-2-S3

1 Sharing program with KMC twice a year CDS/Sabina 5,000

2 Refresher training (2 day training ) CDS/Sabina 24,000

3 Regular monthly meetings CDS/Sabina 12,000

D-2-S4

1 One month training on reuse/recycling (30 people) CDS/Sabina 40,000

E-1-S1

1 Development of HRD plan for SWM Task Force 50,000

Plan for HRD and monitoring including municipal staff/NGOs/CBOs/TLOs

Formation and mobilization of Ward Environment ConservationCommittee (WECC) on a pilot basis

Formation and mobilization of Nature/Eco Clubs among children

Mobilization of youth as City Volunteers (CVs)

Strengthening of women groups for SWM

A 11.3 - 13




2062


SN


Falgun Chaitra

2006






E-2-S1

1 Annual workplan monitoring Task Force 12,000

2 Mid-term Review Task Force

3 Annual Workplan Evaluation Task Force

4 Annual Workplan Formulation for FY2063 Task Force

5 Annual SWM Budget Formulation for FY2063 Task Force

E-3-S1

1 Review of SWM organization (Environment Dept.)and appoint responsible persons CEO

E-5-S1

1 Waste quantity & quality survey (Wet season) ES/Pradeep Amatya 25,000

2 Waste quantity & quality survey (Dry season) ES/Pradeep Amatya 25,000

3 Input of solid waste data to database ES/Pradeep Amatya

4 Establishment of reporting system ES/Pradeep Amatya

Legend : Continuous activity PWD: Public Works Division ES: Environment Section: Intermittent activity TDD: Town Development Division CDS: Community Development Section: Spot activity

Announcement of SWM overall yearly plan of LSMC at beginning of eachfiscal year

Collection and arrangement of solid waste data in database

Review of SWM organization (Environment Dept.) and appoint responsiblepersons as focal points to coordinate all dimensions of SWM withmotivating environment

A 11.3 - 14




A-1-S1

1 Procurement of Tricycles - 5 nos ES/Dinesh 90,000

2 Procurement of 1.5 m3 capacity small garbage Tipper- 2 nos ES/Dinesh 2,200,000

A-2-S1

1 Planning of source separated collection system ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

2 Explanation to the public ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

3 Selection of model areas and preparation (distributebuckets) ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti 300,000

4 Implementation of collection ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

5 Evaluation ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

A-2-S2

1 Preparation of a plan ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

2 Explanation to the concerned hotels, restaurants andstakeholders ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

3 Preparatory works for collection ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti 50,000

4 Implementation of activities ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

5 Evaluation and preparation for further planning ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti

B-1-S1

1 Study of market for mini excavator ES/Dinesh

2 Finalization of type of excavator ES/Dinesh

3 Procurement of excavator PPWS/Laxman 7,000,000

4 Operation of excavator ES/(TBN)

2063Shrawan Bhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Baisak Jestha Ashadh

Table A.11.3-3 Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63) Proposed by Task Force (BKM)


Responsible Person(Section)

ProposedBudget(NRs)

2005

2062

Promotion of source separation and collection of organic kitchen waste byformulating users groups at local household level

Procurement of Garbage Tipper and Tricycles

Procurement of a 10 t/d capacity excavator or backhoe loader, and wastesorting device

Promotion of source separation and collection from hotels and restaurants

April May June

2006January February JulyMarchJuly August September October November December

A 11.3 - 15







ProposedBudget(NRs)

2005

2062

April May June


B-1-S2

1 Preparation of plan PPWS/Laxman

2 Land acquisition PPWS/Laxman

B-1-S3

1 Design and estimate for shade PPWS/Laxman

2 Construction of shade PPWS/Laxman 7,000,000

3 Operation of shade for composting and recycling ES/(TBN)

4 Establishment of non recyclable materials disposalmechanism ES/(TBN)

B-2-S1

1 Preparation for source separation ES/Dinesh 10,000

2 700 no of bags procurement and distribution ES/Dinesh 5,000

3 Organizing of core group ES/Dinesh 80,000

4 Operation of source separation ES/Dinesh 5,000

C-1-S1

1 Preliminary studies (topographical survey, soilsurvey)

ES/Dinesh,PPWS/Laxman

C-1-S2 Completion of EIA procedure

1 Completion of EIA procedure ES/Dinesh,PPWS/Laxman 185,000

C-3-S1

1 Interaction program with local people PPWS/Laxman,ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti 10,000

2 Interaction program with media PPWS/Laxman,ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti 3,000

3 Interaction program with DDC, MTM, VDCs,SWMRMC, MOLD

PPWS/Laxman,ES/Dinesh, SWS/Moti 8,000

Topographical survey and soil investigation

Establishment of local committee for social consensus for the developmentof the site

Promotion of waste minimization by making people well known withvarious methods of waste reduction at sources (e.g.. home compost bins andvermi-composting, gift and educational training tools for school childrenfrom waste)

Land acquisition of extension area

Infrastructure development (open trussed shade, garage, parking area,weighbridge, sorting area, screening area, etc.)

A 11.3 - 16







ProposedBudget(NRs)

2005

2062

April May June


4 Demarcation of boundary ES/Dinesh,PPWS/Laxman

5 Formation of basket fund ES/Dinesh,PPWS/Laxman 10,000,000

6 Notification ES/Dinesh,PPWS/Laxman

D-1-S1

1 Drafting and design of OHP sheets SWS/Dilip and Krishna 1,000

2 Production of OHP sheets SWS/Dilip and Krishna 5,000

3 Procurement of OHP SWS/Dilip and Krishna 20,000

D-1-S2

1 Follow-up programs for house wives in Ward no. 14,15 and 17 (4 times) SWS/Dilip and Krishna 36,000

2 School based orientation program SWS/Dilip and Krishna 5,000

D-1-S3

1 Publication of promotional materials SWS/Dilip and Krishna 36,000

2 Cleanup campaign SWS/Dilip and Krishna 20,000

3 Drawing competition SWS/Dilip and Krishna 25,000

4 Essay competition SWS/Dilip and Krishna 20,000

5 Drama SWS/Dilip and Krishna 20,000

6 Award program SWS/Dilip and Krishna 20,000

7 Rally SWS/Dilip and Krishna 20000

Dissemination of information regarding SWM inclusive collection system(leaflets, brochures, calendars, advertisements in halls before starting offilm show)

Development of training tools/materials for community participation

Implementation of mass communication and education program(distribution of stickers & posters, drama play, competition among childrengroup-drama, original stage drama during Gaijatra festival, drawing wallpaintings, cleansing at the local community)

A 11.3 - 17







ProposedBudget(NRs)

2005

2062

April May June


D-2-S1

1Promotion of waste minimization by making peoplewell known with various methods of waste reductionat sources

1a Refresher training on composting SWS/Dilip and Krishna 10,000

1b Reuse training SWS/Dilip and Krishna 10,000

2 Expansion of Nature Clubs

2a Follow-up meetings with existing Nature Clubs SWS/Dilip and Krishna 10,000

2b Follow-up activities for existing Nature Clubs SWS/Dilip and Krishna 30,000

2c Workshop for target school teachers SWS/Dilip and Krishna 6,500

2d Training for target school children and from 5 NatureClubs SWS/Dilip and Krishna 15,000

2eProvide seed money and stationary for 5 Nature Clubsto conduct activities (Rs 2,000 for seed money and Rs500 for stationary)

SWS/Dilip and Krishna 12,500

2f Field visit (2 times with vehicles: 2 groups, 3 timeswithout vehicles: 2 groups) SWS/Dilip and Krishna 50,000

E-1-S1

1 Conduct training program as TNA PPWS/Laxman 100000

Implementation of training on SWM based on the TNA

Promotion of Interpersonal Communication and Education program witharrangement of agreement with NGO such as selection of targetcommunities, orientation workshop, baseline information survey in regardto existing knowledge, attitude & practices on SWM, counselor trainingcamp for youth, teachers who support children's activities on SWM at thetargeted communities

A 11.3 - 18







ProposedBudget(NRs)

2005

2062

April May June


E-1-S2

1 Establishment of Environment Section CEO

2 Transfer of staff CEO

3 Provide TOR to the staff CEO

4 Physical improvement CEO 200,000

5 Approve Task Force TOR CEO

6 Drafting SWM guideline (By laws) Environmental Sec./(TBN) 100,000

E-2-S1

1 Collection of relating data for SWM ES/(TBN)

E-2-S2

1 Arrangement of the collected data in the database ES/(TBN)

Legend: Continuous activity PPWS: Physical Planning and Works Section ES: Environment Section: Intermittent activity SWS: Social Welfare Section TBN: To be named: Spot activity

Arrangement of the collected data in the database

Finalization of organizational restructuring for SWM

Collection of relating data for SWM

A 11.3 - 19




A-1-S1 Procurement of collection vehicle (s) andassignment of a driver, collectors and loaders

1 Arrangement of collection vehicle PTS/Satya 10,000

2 Arrangement of collectors with collection equipment PTS/Satya

A-2-S1

1 Preparation of a plan of depo(s) for collection/transfer PTS/Satya 10,000

2 Public meeting/consultation with local people todiscuss the depo development plan PTS/Satya

3 Preparation of design drawing of depo(s) includingtopo/geological surveys PTS/Satya 250,000

4 Tender for construction PTS/Satya 10,000

5 Construction of depo(s) PTS/Satya 2,600,000

6 Preparation of operation plan of depo(s) and review PTS/Satya

7 Operation of depo(s) PTS/Satya

A-3-S1

1 Review of the established general rules of PPP CDSS/Tulsi

2 Clarification of the existing private collection inWards 15, 16, and 17 CDSS/Tulsi

3 Preparation of own guidelines of MTM for privatesector collection CDSS/Tulsi

4 Preparation of individual agreement paper for PPPwith the existing private sector CDSS/Tulsi

5 Signing on the agreements CDSS/Tulsi

6 Monitoring of private sector activity CDSS/Tulsi

Chaitra Baisak Jestha Ashadh

2062 2063Shrawan Bhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir Poush Magh Falgun

Setting “depo (s)” at new collection areas

Preparation of guidelines for private sector collection

July

Table A.11.3-4 Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63) Proposed by Task Force (MTM)

March April May June2005 2006

July August September October November December January February



Proposed Budget(NRs)

A 11.3 - 20






JulyMarch April May June2005 2006





B-2-S1

1 Expansion of plastic recycling (50 bags, 50 strings,etc.) CDSS/Tulsi 60,000

2 Training for community (2 groups) CDSS/Tulsi 150,000

B-3-S2

1 Conducting a study for composting chamber operation CDSS/Tulsi 130,000

2 Trial of operation of composting chamber CDSS/Tulsi 150,000

C-1-S1

1 Nominating candidates, public consultation and siteselection PTS/Satya

2 Preliminary engineering surveys, designing and legalIEE PTS/Satya 100,000

3 Land acquisition and preparation work PTS/Satya 4,000,000

C-2-S1

1 Cooperation and support to BKM/SWMRMC PTS/Satya, LS/Siva

D-1-S1

1 Broadcasting on local FM on SWM CDSS/Tulsi

2 Miking regarding SWM CDSS/Tulsi

D-1-S2

1 SWM exhibition (1time for 2 days) CDSS/Tulsi, Krishna 75,000

D-2-S1

1 Development of training tools and promotionmaterials CDSS/Krishna

D-2-S2

1 Four Eco-clubs formation and mobilization withtraining and fund CDSS/Krishna 100,000

Implementation of public events

Formation and mobilization of Eco/Nature Clubs at schools

Development of training tools and promotion materials for communityparticipation

Raising of public awareness through local radio (FM) and miking

Providing of bags and metal strings (suiros) for separation at source

Operating community composting

Identification and arrangement of a temporary landfill site

Conclusion of agreement with BKM for development and utilization of Taikabu LF

A 11.3 - 21






JulyMarch April May June2005 2006





D-2-S3

1 Household reuse training (2times, 5days) CDSS/Tulsi 50,000

2 Community group interaction and feedback collection CDSS/Tulsi 10,000

3 Community groups formation, mobilization andpartnership CDSS/Tulsi 100,000

4 Refresher training on SWM for existing groups10days one time CDSS/Tulsi 20,000

D-2-S4

1 Clean up program (4 times) CDSS/Tulsi 80,000

2 Temple and monuments cleaning by mobilizingcommunity and students (3 times) CDSS/Tulsi 90,000

3 Municipal area cleaning works CDSS/Tulsi 200,000

D-2-S5

1 Selection of 17 city volunteers (to be assigned to eachward) CDSS/Tulsi

2 Three-day camp CDSS/Tulsi 50,000

3 Regular activities including meeting CDSS/Tulsi 25,000

E-1-S1

1 Review job descriptions and implement assignments CEO 50,000

E-2-S1 Collection of relating data for SWM

1 Collection of relating data for SWM PTS/Satya

E-2-S2 Arrangement of the collected data in the database

1 Arrangement of the collected data in the database PTS/Satya

Legend: Continuous activities PTS: Planning and Technical Section CDSS: Community Development and Sanitation Section: Intermittent activities LS: Legal Section: Spot activities

Implementation of community-based clean up program

Mobilization of youth as city volunteers for SWM

Strengthening of SWM Sub-section

Formation and mobilization and skills development of community groups for SWM

A 11.3 - 22




A-1-S1

1 Review & examine previous agreements andestablishment of general rules/guideline

PTS/Bal, SWMU/Anuj,Gyan

2 Preparation of individual agreement for PPP PTS/Bal, SWMU/Anuj,Gyan 10,000

3 Conduct meeting with the potential private operatorsfor identifying zoning areas

PTS/Bal, SWMU/Anuj,Gyan 30,000

4 Call for the proposal including their planning andwork


5 Review and analysis of proposal and locating sites forcollection


6 Signing on the agreement & contracting the work forSWM services


7 Monitoring of performance of private activities PTS/Bal, SWMU/Anuj,Gyan 10,000

B-1-S1

1 Discussion with NGOs for development of acomposting facility


B-2-S1

1 Planning of extension SWMU/Gyan 50,000

2 Preparation plan for three trainings SWMU/Gyan 75,000

3 Development of O&M plan SWMU/Gyan

4 Distribution of 25 bins, 150 bags and 150 suiros SWMU/Gyan 89,700

5 Evaluation and improvement SWMU/Gyan 12,000

Table A.11.3-5 Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63) Proposed by Task Force (KRM)

March

Selection and arrangement of land for a composting facility

December January February July2005 2006

July August September October April May JuneNovember



ProposedBudget(NRs) 2062 2063

Shrawan Poush

Preparation of agreements with private sector (NGOs/CBOs) andconclusion of the contracts (up to two parties)

Promotion of home composting program (by providing bins, bags)

JesthaBhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir AshadhChaitra BaisakMagh Falgun

A 11.3 - 23




MarchDecember January February July2005 2006





Shrawan Poush JesthaBhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir AshadhChaitra BaisakMagh Falgun

B-3-S1

1 Agreement with "Kawadi" for plastic collection SWMU/Anuj, Gyan

2 Planning of extension SWMU/Gyan

3 Operation of plastic store house SWMU/Gyan

4 Evaluation and improvement SWMU/Gyan

C-1-S1

1 Conclusion of agreement with KMC for Teku T/S CEO

2 Classification of waste quality (Data analysis) PTS/Bal 20,000

3 Discussion with KMC on duty demarcation and costsharing PTS/Bal

4 Discussion with private sector and NGOs on themanner to transport wastes to Teku T/S PTS/Bal

5 Procurement of necessary equipment and facilities PTS/Bal 1,000,000

D-1-S1

1 Collection of school level training demand SWMU/Anuj 1,000

2 Conduct 10 training on SWM SWMU/Anuj 250,000

3 Identify and form 5 new groups SWMU/Anuj

4 Train 5 newly formed groups SWMU/Anuj 125,000

5 Exhibition SWMU/Anuj 100,000

6 Clean up campaign SWMU/Anuj 100,000

7 Formation of 10 Nature Clubs SWMU/Anuj 50,000

Continuous implementation of separated collection of plastic bags (byproviding wires (suiros), etc.)

Coordination with KMC for utilization of Teku T/S

Implementation of education program of SWM for school children andhouseholds (by promoting home composting, plastic bag separation, etc.)

A 11.3 - 24




MarchDecember January February July2005 2006





Shrawan Poush JesthaBhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir AshadhChaitra BaisakMagh Falgun

E-1-S1

1 Final approval of TOR and implementation CEO

2 Strengthen SWM Unit (staff selection, provision ofphysical facilities) Account Sec/(TBN) 25,000

E-2-S1

1 HRD Plan (training on SWM & other skill) PTS/Bal 50,000

2 Prepare Annual Work Plan for the coming year Municipal board/TF

E-3-S1

1 Arrangement of the collected data collection fromprivate sector PTS/Bal

E-2-S2

1 Arrangement of the collected data in the database PTS/British

F-1-S1

1 Coordination with SWMRMC, neighboringmunicipalities and NGOs/CBOs CEO, Task Force

Legend: Continuous activities PTS: Planning and Technical Section: Intermittent activities SWMU: Solid Waste Management Unit: Spot activities TBN: To be named

Arrangement of the collected data in the database

Coordination with SWMRMC, neighboring municipalities and NGOs/CBOs

Collection of related data for SWM from private sector

Establishment of a section (unit) on SWM

Implementation of staff training on SWM and other related skills

A 11.3 - 25




S1Clarification of demarcation between SWMRMC andLocal Bodies by issuing a new policy and amendmentof the Solid Waste Act

S2 Clarification of legal status and change ofjurisdictional area by amendment of the Act

S3Establishment of a strategic plan for SWMRMC(future organizational and institutional developmentplan)

S7 Implementation of Public Relations (PRs) activities(management of web-site and issue of newsletter, etc.)

S1 Development of Sisdol Short-term LF

S1-1 Development of Sisdol LF Valley II

S1-2 Handover Valley II to operator

S1-3 Periodic environmental monitoring

S2 Development of Waste Processing Facility (KMC,LSMC, KRM)

S2-1 Land selection

S2-2 Site investigation works

S2-3 Land acquisition

S2-4 Concept design and feasibility study

S2-5 EIA process

2005 2006July August October JulyJanuary FebruarySeptember March April May June

Baisak Jestha Ashadh2062 2063

Shrawan Bhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir

Table A.11.3-6 Annual Work Plan of Fiscal Year of 2005/06 (2062/63) Proposed by Task Force (SWMRMC)

Necessary Budget(NRs)

Shor-term Activities to be Conducted inFY2005/06 (2062/63)SN

ChaitraPoush Magh Falgun

November December

A 11.3 - 26




2005 2006July August October JulyJanuary FebruarySeptember March April May June

Baisak Jestha Ashadh2062 2063

Shrawan Bhadra Aswin Kartik Mangsir

Necessary Budget(NRs)

Shor-term Activities to be Conducted inFY2005/06 (2062/63)SN

ChaitraPoush Magh Falgun

November December

S3 Development of Long-term LF (KMC, LSMC, KRM)

S3-1 Construction of access road

S3-2 Identification of the capacity and service areas

S3-3 Site investigation works

S3-4 Land acquisition

S3-5 Concept design

S3-6 EIA process

S4 Development of Long-term LF (BKM, MTM)

S4-1 Site investigation works (EIA, Topography survey,Soil investigation)

S5 Closure of Bagmati River dumping site

S5-1 Design of Bagmati River dumping site closure plan

S5-2 Implementation of Bagmati closure plan

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Legend : Continuous activities: Intermittent activities: Spot activities

A 11.3 - 27

APPENDIX 12

EIA Related Information - Legal Procedure of EIA in Nepal - Legal Procedure of Land Acquisition and

Compensation in Nepal - Possible Environmental Impacts and

Conceivable Mitigation Measures


A.12 - 1 CKV Sapha Sahar Hamro Rahar


Public Notice Publishedby the Proponent

Opinions and Suggestionsfrom Public

15 daysPreparation of Scoping Report and TOR

by the Proponent

Submission of Scoping Reportand TOR to MOLD

MOEST

Approval of Scoping Reportand TOR by MOEST

EIA Study to be Conductedby the Proponent

Preparation of Draft EIA Reportby the Proponent

Public Hearing by the Proponent,Recommendation Letter

from Local Bodies

Submission of Final EIA Reportto MOLD

within 21 daysMOEST

Public Notice Publishedby MOEST

Opinions and Suggestionsfrom Public

30 daysEvaluation of Final EIA Report

by MOESTwithin 30-60 days

EIA Final Approvalby MOEST

NoteMOLD: Minitry of Local DevelopmentMOEST: Ministry of Environment, Science, &Technology

EIA ApprovalStage

EIA Study

Scoping &TOR

PreparationStage

The Study on the Solid Waste Management

for the Kathmandu Valley


Figure A.12-1

Legal Procedure of EIA in Nepal




CDC: Compensation Determination CommitteeMOLD: Ministry of Local DevelopmentCDO: Chief District OfficerDLRO: Department of Land and Revenue Office

Forwarding proposal of acquisition toMOLD

Initial approval from MOLD

Notice issuance of commencement ofpreliminary investigation by project

Formation of CDC

Undertaking preliminary investigation

Submission of investigation report fromproject to CDO

Acquisition notice issuance by CDO

Ban of transaction of concerned propertyby DLRO

Submission of application forcompensation from concerned

person to CDO

Submission of complaint letter fromconcerned person to CDO

Ministry of Home Affairs

Court of Low

Determination of compensation by CDC

Compensation payment

Informing MOLD of compensation

Initial Procedure

Preliminary Investigation Process

Notice of Acquisition

Compensation

The Study on the Solid Waste Management

for the Kathmandu Valley


Figure A.12-2

Legal Procedure of Land Acquisition and

Compensation in Nepal




Table A 12-1 Possible Environmental Impacts and Conceivable Mitigation Measures

Env. Item and Evaluation

Possible Environmental Impacts and Evaluation


PS-1 Development of Balaju T/S Air pollution B - The surrounding areas of the proposed site

have been somewhat urbanized. Air pollution would be worsened by collection and transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.

- Heavy equipment operation for the site construction and operation might bring about air pollution, although the impact will be confined within the limited area.

- Water spraying on the assess road and site is to be introduced as required.

- Regular maintenance of the heavy equipment is necessary in construction and operation stages.

Water pollution B - Water generated from the waste would contribute on polluting the river water

- Drainage system associated with small scale treatment against water pollution is also to be considered as required.

Soil pollution C - Activities causing the soil pollution will not be planned. However, old wastes dumped illegally around the site might be remarked if excavation work would be designed.

- Check of the existing soil pollution is preferable prior to the construction work.

Waste - - The overall goal of the activity is to improve solid waste management

Noise and vibration

B - The surrounding areas of the proposed site have been somewhat urbanized. Noise would be worsened by collection and transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.

- Heavy equipment operation for the site construction and operation might bring about noise, although the impact will be confined within the limited area.

- An access road maintenance and speed limit would become important in operation phase.

- Regular maintenance of the heavy equipment is necessary in construction and operation stage.

Ground subsidence

C - No factors/activities causing ground

subsidence are expected.

Offensive odor A - Local concerns on odor will be raised based on the past experiences

- In order to reduce the negative impact of odor, it is proposed to examine i) the effective unloading/loading work of waste, and ii) platform cleaning and drainage management. Regular or ad hoc observation of odor condition is also suggestive in/around the site.

Geographical features

C - Change of geographical features is expected to be minimal.

Bottom sediment

C - No factors/activities causing bottom sediment are expected.

Biota and ecosystem

C - Negligible impact on ecosystem is expected since the current status is poor.

Water usage C - No factors/activities of water resource exploitation are planned.

Accidents B - Risk of traffic accidents would be increased due to new traffic generation of waste collection and transportation vehicles.

- Traffic safety measures are to be secured.

Global warming C - The factors causing global warming are expected to be minimal.







Involuntary resettlement

C - There are no households within the site, and no land plots under the private ownership.

Local economy B - The waste pickers would be attracted to the site.

- Waste picking activities in the site are to be controlled properly in order to have an efficient site operation as well as to reduce the risk of accidents on the waste pickers. It is also proposed to establish the cooperation mechanism among the site operators and concerned bodies for health promotion to the waste pickers.

Land use and utilization of local resource

C - There are no issues to be noted on land use and resource utilization.

Social institutions

C - No impacts on infrastructure and local decision making process are expected.

Existing social infrastructures and services

C - No impacts are expected.

The poor, indigenous of ethnic people

C - There are no specific issues to be noted on the poor, indigenous and ethnic people.

- Issues on the waste pickers are discussed in the item of local economy.

Misdistribution of benefit and damage

C - The factors introducing the misdistribution of benefit/damage are rarely expected.

Local conflict of interests

A - Local concerns will be very high toward developing the site based on the past experiences of SWM-related projects in the Valley.

- Consultation with stakeholders including the surrounding communities will be essential. Due consideration should be paid to achieve the good understandings and mutual acceptance among the stakeholders for the project in the course of consultation.

Gender C - There are no specific issues to be noted on gender.

Children’s right C - There are no specific issues to be noted on children’s right.

Cultural heritage C - There is no cultural heritage reported so far in/around the site.

Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS

B - Risk of infectious hazard would be remarked if the medical waste would not be properly managed.

- Risk of health hazard on the waste pickers would be remarked.

- System to manage the medical waste is to be established in order to avoid the accidental diseases of infection.

- It is proposed to establish the cooperation mechanism among the site operators and concerned bodies for health promotion to the waste pickers.

PS-2 Development of WPF Air pollution B - Air pollution would be worsened by waste

collection and transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.

- Heavy equipment operation for the site construction and operation might bring about the air pollution, although the impact will be confined within the limited area.

- Water spraying on the access road and the site is also to be introduced as required.








Water pollution B - Water generated from the waste would pollute the surrounding water bodies including groundwater.

- Concrete placing on the working area will be necessary. Drainage system associated with small scale treatment against water pollution is also to be considered as required.

Soil pollution C - Activities causing the soil pollution will not be planned as far as the site is operated properly.

- Residue generated in the course of waste processing is to be treated and disposed of in the appropriate manner.


Noise and vibration

B - Noise would be worsened by collection and transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.




Ground subsidence

C - No factors/activities causing ground subsidence are expected.

Offensive odor A - Local concerns on odor will be raised based on the past experiences of BKM composting plant.

- The site is not yet determined. In the course of site selection, it is preferable to examine the distribution of and distance from the residential areas nearby.

- In order to reduce the negative impact of odor, it is proposed to examine i) the house-structural design of working yard, ii) installation of buffer zone, and iii) yard cleaning and drainage management. Regular or ad hoc observation of odor condition is also suggestive in/around the site.



Bottom sediment


Biota and ecosystem

U - Magnitude of impact on ecosystem is dependent on the site location.

- After the site determined, the impact is to be identified, and mitigation measures are to be examined if necessary.




Global warming C - The factors causing global warming are expected to be minimal, since the amount of composting will not be huge.


B - Magnitude of resettlement is dependent on the site location. However, the magnitude is not considered to be quite significant, since the site location will not be designed within the highly populated areas.

- Due consideration should be paid in the course of site selection in order to avoid or minimize resettlement and land acquisition as much as possible.

- When inevitable, compensation should be made in line with Nepalese legal requirements.








- An employment opportunity at the site is expected to be created as conceivable positive effects.

- Waste picking activities in the site are necessary to be controlled properly in order to have an efficient site operation as well as to reduce the risk of accidents on the waste pickers. It is also proposed to establish the cooperation mechanism among the site operators and concerned bodies for health promotion to the waste pickers.

- Strategic employment of waste pickers is preferable to be pursued as much as possible from the long term viewpoint.


B - Change of land use condition within the site will be inevitable if the selected site is being used for such activities as farming.

- There will be no plan to exploit the resources such as minerals.

- Same considerations as the case of involuntary resettlement are to be paid if necessary.

Social institutions



C - No impacts are expected. - Positive effect on the local social service is

expected if the access road construction/improvement and related development are included in the planning.











Cultural heritage

U - Magnitude of impact on the cultural heritage is dependent on the site location.

- It is proposed to avoid the cultural heritage or religious areas as much as possible in the site selection process.












PS-3 Development of Banchare Danda L/T-LFS Air pollution B - Air pollution would be worsened by waste

transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.


- Landfill gas will be generated.


- Regular maintenance of the heavy equipment is necessary in both construction and operation stage.

- Gas ventilation system is to be planned and equipped in the landfilling area. Regular monitoring of landfill gas is also preferable.

Water pollution A - Leachate generated from the landfilling area will potentially pollute the quality of i) groundwater around the site, and ii) river water of Kolpu Khola being used for the agriculture purpose in the downstream.

- Leachate control system is essential so as not to flow out the leachate to outside of the site. Retention and recirculation facility associated with aeration of the leachate, which is functioning at Sisdol S/T-LF, is applicable and recommendable.

- In order to reduce the percolation of the leachate to the groundwater, it is recommendable to install a liner system on the bottom of landfilling area. Geo-membrane placing is preferable when applicable, but when inapplicable clay liner is to be employed at least in the same manner as Sisdol LF.

- Peripheral drainage system is to be designed and equipped for isolation of storm water runoff from the outside of the site.

- Regular monitoring on river water, groundwater and leachate is essential.

Soil pollution B - There would be a risk to contaminate the soil in/around the site, if hazardous wastes would be mixed in the wastes to be disposed of in the site.

- Hazardous waste should be restricted to be transported to and disposed of in the site.


Noise and vibration

B - Noise would be worsened by waste transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.


- Speed limit is to be secured for the transportation vehicles passing through the access road.


Ground subsidence

B - There is no plan of the groundwater extraction at the site, which would bring about ground subsidence.

- Decomposition of the waste disposed of in the site would bring about the settlement, although the impact will be confined to the landfill area.

- Waste compacting and cover soil are to be properly carried out in the operation stage.

Offensive odor A - Local concerns on odor will be raised based on the past experiences of SWM-related projects in the Valley.

- In order to reduce the negative impact of odor, it is proposed to carry out cover soil regularly. Aeration of leachate retention pond is also essential.

- Regular or ad hoc observation of odor condition is suggestive in/around the site.








A - Alignment of river channel of Kolpu Khola will be changed along with the site development.

- River diversion works is prerequisite with considering the river morphology and topography, hydrological condition, geological condition, etc. River bank protection will be also essential to avoid the damage on the site due to bank erosion and flood.

Bottom sediment


Biota and ecosystem

B - The ecosystem in/around the site is considered to be generally poor. However, due consideration should be paid on the small plots of unregistered community forests and aquatic biota in Kolpu Khola.

- Excessive site clearance in preparatory construction stage should be avoided by identifying the boundary of construction works.

- Considerations on aquatic biota are same as the item of water pollution.

Water usage B - No factors/activities of water resource exploitation are planned. However, water pollution due to the leachate generated from the site would affect i) the agricultural water use in the downstream of Kolpu Khola, and ii) spring water used by the local people in the surrounding.

- Same considerations as the item of water pollution should be paid.

- In case that the negative impact on the spring water resources would be observed due to the site operation, small scale water supply system for the local communities should be examined.

Accidents B - Risk of traffic accidents would be increased due to new traffic generation of waste transportation vehicles.


Global warming C - Contribution to the global warming is expected to be small, since i) the waste amount to be disposed of at the site will not be huge, and ii) semi-aerobic manner will be applied to reduce the total volume of green house gas generated in whole life time of the site.


B - Involuntary resettlement due to the site development is not expected. Although the most of the land in the site is under the governmental ownership, a few hectares of farming plats out of more than 40 ha of the site will be necessary to be acquired.

- Appropriate compensation should be made in line with Nepalese legal requirements.



- Waste picking activities in the site should be restricted in order to have an efficient site operation as well as to avoid the accidents on the waste pickers. In this connection, it is proposed to secure the opportunities of waste picking activities at T/Ss and the planned WPF under the proper control mentioned previously.


B - Change of land use condition within the site will be inevitable especially on the agriculture-used plots, although the magnitude will not be significant. Other plots are mostly barren land with small scale community forests.

- Construction materials will be exploited from the surrounding areas.


- Due considerations should be paid when construction materials exploited, in order to avoid the occurrence of associated impacts such as resettlement or environmental pollution.







Social institutions




expected, because of the access road construction and the local development works associated with the site development according to the commitment among the developer, operators, and local communities.





C - Benefit of the local development works is expected to be evenly distributed as long as the local committee is functioning properly.


B - Local concerns would be raised toward developing the site unless the consultation with local communities is well realized.

- Role of the local committee as well as consultation among developer, operators, and local communities are important to achieve the good understandings and mutual acceptance for the project.



Cultural heritage

C - There is no cultural heritage reported so far in/around the site.



- System to manage the medical waste is to be established in order to avoid the accidental diseases of infection at the site.

PS-4 Development of Afadol Temporary T/S (LSMC) Air pollution B - Air pollution would be worsened by collection

and transportation vehicles, although i) the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant, and ii) highly populated areas don’t locate in the vicinity.

- Heavy equipment operation for construction might bring about the air pollution, although i) the impact will be confined within the limited area, and ii) highly populated areas don’t locate in the vicinity..


- Regular maintenance of the heavy equipment is necessary in construction stage.

Water pollution C - The site is planned to be developed within or much near the previous dumping site of the Bagmati river. Moreover, the site will be used only in temporary basis up to the WPF completion, and the waste unloaded/loaded in the site is a small amount collected in LSMC. Therefore, additional impact on water quality is expected to be insignificant.







Soil pollution C - Additional impact of soil pollution is expected to be insignificant because of the same reasons as mentioned in the item of water pollution. And the excavation work in the construction will be minimal.


Noise and vibration

B - Noise would be worsened by collection and transportation vehicles, although i) the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant, and ii) highly populated areas don’t locate in the vicinity.

- Heavy equipment operation for the site construction and operation might bring about noise, although i) the impact will be confined within the limited area, and ii) highly populated areas don’t locate in the vicinity..


- Regular maintenance of the heavy equipment is necessary in construction stage.

Ground subsidence

C - No factors/activities causing ground

subsidence are expected.

Offensive odor A - Local concerns on odor will be raised based on the past experiences of Bagmati river dumping.

- In order to reduce the negative impact of odor, it is proposed to examine the effective unloading/loading work of waste. Regular or ad hoc observation of odor condition is also suggestive in/around the site.



Bottom sediment


Biota and ecosystem

C - Negligible impact on ecosystem is expected since the current status is poor.




Global warming C - The factors causing global warming are expected to be minimal.


C - There are no households within the site, and no land plots under the private ownership.




C - There are no issues to be noted on land use and resource utilization.







Social institutions



C - No impacts are expected.











Cultural heritage

C - There is no cultural heritage reported so far in/around the site.






PS-5 Development of Taikabu LFS Air pollution B - Air pollution would be worsened by waste

transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.


- Landfill gas will be generated.

- -Water spraying on the assess road and site is to be introduced as required.


- Gas ventilation system is to be planned and equipped in the landfilling area. Regular monitoring of landfill gas is also preferable.







Water pollution A - Leachate generated from the landfilling area will potentially pollute the quality of i) groundwater around the site used for the domestic purpose by the local communities, and ii) river water of Tabya Kushi located in 500 m of distance from the site used for agricultural purpose in the downstream..

- Leachate control system is essential in order not to flow out the leachate to outside of the site. Retention and recirculation facility associated with aeration of the leachate, which is functioning at Sisdol S/T-LF, is applicable and recommendable.

- In order to reduce the percolation of the leachate to the groundwater, it is recommendable to install a liner system on the bottom of landfill area. Geo-membrane placing is preferable when applicable, but when inapplicable clay liner is to be employed at least in the same manner as Sisdol LF.

- Peripheral drainage system is to be designed and equipped for isolation of storm water runoff from the outside of the site.

- Regular monitoring on river water, groundwater and leachate is essential.

Soil pollution B - There would be a risk to contaminate the soil in/around the site, if hazardous wastes would be mixed in the wastes to be disposed of in the site.

- Hazardous waste should be restricted to be transported to and disposed of in the site.


Noise and vibration

B - Noise would be worsened by waste transportation vehicles, although the increment of the traffic volume will be insignificant.


- The access road maintenance to the site is to be properly carried out in collaboration with local authorities.

- Speed limit is to be secured for the transportation vehicles passing through the access road.


Ground subsidence

B - There is no plan of the groundwater extraction at the site, which would bring about ground subsidence.

- Decomposition of the waste disposed of in the site would bring about the settlement, although the impact will be confined to the landfilling area.

- Waste compacting and cover soil are to be properly carried out in the operation stage.


- In order to reduce the negative impact of odor, it is proposed to carry out cover soil regularly. Aeration of leachate retention pond is also essential.

- In the process of site boundary delineation and project designing, installation of a buffer zone is proposed to be examined where applicable.









B - Change of the topographic condition due to the site development is expected but not quite significant, since the site is currently bowl-shaped.

- In order to reduce the change of landscape due to the topographical change, it is proposed to design and secure the buffer zone as one of the land use plan of the site development.

Bottom sediment


Biota and ecosystem

B - The ecosystem in/around the site is considered to be generally poor. However, due consideration should be paid on the scattered bush plots in the site and aquatic biota in Tabya Kushi.

- Excessive site clearance in preparatory construction stage should be avoided by identifying the boundary of construction works.

- Considerations on aquatic biota are same as the item of water pollution.

Water usage B - No factors/activities of water resource exploitation are planned. However, water pollution due to the leachate generated from the site would affect i) the agricultural water use in the downstream of Tabya Kushi, and ii) domestic water use of groundwater around the site.

- Same considerations as the item of water pollution should be paid.

- In case that the negative impact on the spring water resources would be observed due to the site operation, small scale water supply system for the local communities should be examined.



Global warming

C - Contribution to the global warming is expected to be small, since i) the waste amount to be disposed of at the site will not be huge, and ii) semi-aerobic manner will be applied to reduce the total volume of green house gas generated in whole life time of the site.


U - The magnitude of involuntary resettlement is considered to be less than 200 population in case of confining the impact to the landfilling area of the site. However, since the boundary of the site is still unclear, the identification of impact magnitude will be necessary.

- Agricultural land use is currently predominant in the site, therefore, land acquisition will be necessary.

- Due consideration should be paid in the course of site boundary delineation in order to minimize resettlement and land acquisition as much as possible.

- When inevitable, appropriate compensation should be made in line with Nepalese legal requirements.



- Waste picking activities in the site should be restricted in order to have an efficient site operation as well as to avoid the accidents on the waste pickers. In this connection, it is proposed to secure the opportunities of waste picking activities at T/Ss and the planned WPF under the proper control mentioned previously.


A - Change of land use condition within the site will be inevitable, especially on the agriculture-used plots. Other plots are to be considered as barren land with scattered bushes.

- Construction materials will be exploited from the surrounding areas.


- Due considerations should be paid when construction materials exploited, in order to avoid the occurrence of associated impacts such as resettlement or environmental pollution.







Social institutions




expected, because of the access road construction and the local development works associated with the site development.





C - Benefit of the local development works is expected to be evenly distributed as long as the consultation among stakeholders is secured as mentioned later.


A - Local concerns are being raised toward developing the site

- Consultation among developer, operators, and local communities are important to achieve the good understandings and mutual acceptance for the project. Approach of the local committee organization introduced in the Sisdol case is one of the better solutions for realizing the good consultation with communities.



Cultural heritage

C - There is no cultural heritage reported so far in/around the site, which is to be protected.



- System to manage the medical waste is to be established in order to avoid the accidental diseases of infection at the site.

PS-6 Arrangement of Temporary LFS (MTM) Air pollution C - Air pollution due to the waste collection

vehicles is not expected since i) the waste to be transported to the site will be a small amount collected only in MTM, and ii) utilization of hand cart is also popular instead of the motor manner.

- Utilization of heavy equipment in the site will not be enhanced, therefore impact on air is expected to be negligible.







Water pollution B - Leachate would potentially pollute the water quality of surrounding water bodies.

- Considering that i) the waste amount to be disposed of at the site will be small, and ii) the site will be used on the temporally basis up to the completion of Taikabu LF, installation of permanent measures to control leachate is negatively proposed. In order to reduce the environmental pollution as much as possible, it is rather proposed i) to have a more enhancement of transportation of the collected wastes to Teku T/S under the cooperation with KMC, and ii) to cooperate with BKM and central government for developing Taikabu LF as early as possible.

Soil pollution C - The risk of soil contamination is considered to be slim, as far as the hazardous waste will not be mixed to the waste to be disposed of.


Noise and vibration

C - Noise and vibration are expected to be slim because of the same reasons as mentioned in the item of air pollution.

Ground subsidence

C - There is no plan of the groundwater extraction at the site, which would bring about ground subsidence. And settlement of decomposition of the waste disposed of in the site will be very limited.


- Since the site is not yet determined, the most applicable approach for mitigation is to select the site where the distance from the residential areas can be secured.



C - Change of geographical features is expected to be small, considering the project scale.

Bottom sediment

C - No factors/activities causing the bottom sediment are expected.

Biota and ecosystem

C - Impact on ecosystem is not expected to be significant, considering the project scale.

Water usage C - No factors/activities of water resource exploitation will be planned.



Global warming

C - Contribution to the global warming is expected to be small, since the waste amount to be disposed of at the site will not be huge.


B - Magnitude of resettlement is dependent on the site location. However, the magnitude is not considered to be quite significant, since i) the site location will not be designed within the highly populated areas, and ii) necessary land size for the site will be small.















Social institutions

C - Impact on infrastructure and local decision making process is not expected to be significant, considering the project scale.


C - Impact on the existing social infrastructure and services is not expected to be significant, considering the project scale.


C - Impact on the poor, indigenous and ethnic people is not expected to be significant, considering the project scale.






- Since the site is not yet determined, the most applicable approach is to have a consultation with stakeholders in the site selection process in order to achieve the good understandings and mutual acceptance.

Gender C - No impact on gender is expected. Children’s right C - No impact on gender is expected. Cultural heritage








PS-7 Development of Community Composting Facility (KRM) Air pollution C - Air pollution due to the waste collection

vehicles is not expected since the waste to be transported to the site will be a small amount collected only in KRM.

- Utilization of heavy equipment in the site will be small scale, therefore impact on air is expected to be negligible.







Water pollution

B - Water generated from the waste would potentially pollute the surrounding water bodies including groundwater.

- Concrete placing on the working area will be preferable. Drainage system associated with small scale treatment against water pollution is also to be considered as required.

Soil pollution C - Activities causing the soil pollution will not be planned as far as the site is operated properly.

- Residue generated in the course of waste processing is to be treated and disposed of in the appropriate manner.


Noise and vibration

C - Noise and vibration are expected to be slim because of the same reasons as mentioned in the item of air pollution.

Ground subsidence

C - No factors/activities causing ground subsidence are expected.

Offensive odor A - Local concerns on odor will be raised based on the past experiences of BKM composting plant.

- Since the site is not yet determined, the most applicable approach for mitigation is to select the site where the distance from the residential areas can be secured.



C - Change of geographical features is expected to be small, considering the project scale.

Bottom sediment

C - No factors/activities causing the bottom sediment are expected.

Biota and ecosystem

C - Impact on ecosystem is not expected to be significant, considering the project scale.

Water usage C - No factors/activities of water resource exploitation will be planned.



Global warming

C - Contribution to the global warming is expected to be small, since the waste to be treated at the site will not be huge.


B - Magnitude of resettlement is dependent on the site location. However, the magnitude is not considered to be quite significant, since the site location will not be designed within the highly populated areas, and ii) necessary land size for the site will be small.






- Strategic employment of waste pickers is preferable to be pursued as much as possible from the long term viewpoint.











Social institutions

C - Impact on infrastructure and local decision making process is not expected to be significant, considering the facility scale.


C - Impact on the existing social infrastructure and services is not expected to be significant, considering the facility scale.


C - Impact on the poor, indigenous and ethnic people is not expected to be significant, considering the facility scale.





A - Local concerns will be very high toward developing the facility based on the past experiences of SWM-related projects in the Valley.

- Since the site is not yet determined, the most applicable approach is to have a consultation with stakeholders in the site selection process in order to achieve the good understandings and mutual acceptance.

Gender C - No impact on gender is expected. Children’s right

C - No impact on gender is expected.

Cultural heritage








Note: A: Relatively high magnitude of impact is expected. B: Impact is expected, but its magnitude will not be quite significant. C: No or negligible impact is expected. U: Magnitude of impact is unclear. Source: JICA Study Team

APPENDIX 15

Selected Photo




APPENDIX 15 SELECTED PHOTO

1st Steering Committee

(January 27, 2004)

2nd Steering Committee

(June 29, 2004)

3rd Steering Committee (November 23, 2004)

4th Steering Committee

(June 29, 2005)

1st Seminar

(July 2, 2004)

2nd Seminar

(July 2, 2004)

Activities of the Study (1/4)




3rd Seminar

(November 25, 2004)

4th Seminar

(June 27-28, 2005)

4th Seminar

(June 27-28, 2005)

1st Public Hearing

(March, 2004)

2nd Public Hearing

(May, 2005)

3rd Public Hearing (July/August, 2004)





4th Public Hearing (February, 2005)

Training Needs Analysis

(February, 2004)

Training Needs Analysis

(February, 2004)

Interview Survey to Waste Pickers

(April, 2004)

Waste Quantity and Quality Survey

(March, 2004)

Waste Quantity and Quality Survey

(March, 2004)





Time and Motion Survey

(March, 2004)

Interview to Sweeper

(April, 2004)

TWG Meeting (May, 2004)

TWG Meeting (June, 2005)

Task Force Meeting

(February, 2004)

Task Force Meeting

(March, 2004)





A-1.1: Practice of Source-separated Collection in

BKM (June, 2005)

A-1.1: Practice of Source-separated Collection in

BKM (June, 2005)

A-1.2: Practice of Collection and Transportation in

MTM (June, 2005)

A-1.2: Practice of Collection and Transportation in

MTM (June, 2005)

A-3: Workshop for Transfer Station (1)

(July 12, 2004)

A-3:Topography Survey in Teku

(August, 2004)

Activities of Pilot Project A (1/2)




A-3: Construction for Improvement of Teku T/S

(November, 2004)

A-3: Completion of Improvement of

Teku T/S (March, 2005)

A-3: Practice of Operation of

Teku T/S (April, 2005)

A-3: Opening Ceremony at

Teku T/S (June, 2005)

A-3: Operation of Teku T/S

(June, 2005)

A-3: Operation of Teku T/S

Activities of Pilot Project A (2/2)




B-1: Workshop on Waste Minimization Facility

(July 14, 2004)

B-1: Market Research of Compost

(October ,2004)

B-1: Study Tour to India (November 7–11, 2004)

B-1: Data Collection at BKM Composting Facility

(February, 2005)

B-2: Training on Composting at Model Area

(February, 2005)

B-2: Home Composting Activity

(May, 2005)

Activities of Pilot Project B (1/2)




B-2: Vermi-Composting at Teku T/S

(March, 2005)

B-2: Vermi-Composting at Teku T/S

(May, 2005)

B-2: Training on Composting to Farmer (May,

2005)

B-2: Two-day Training for Women at KRM

(October 9-14, 2004)

B-2: Collected Plastic by using Suiro at KRM

(March, 2005)

B-2: Plastic Collection at KRM

(June, 2005)

Activities of Pilot Project B (2/2)




C-1: Study Tour to Malaysia

(September 26- October 2, 2004)

C-1: Site Visit to Pokhara

(July 24-25, 2004)

C-1: Long-term candidate Landfill site

(Banchare Danda)

C-2: Improvement of Sisdol Short-term Landifll

(Drainage Carpet Work) (December, 2004)

C-2: Improvement of Sisdol Short-term Landifll

(Clay Liner Work) (November, 2004) C-2: Workshop on Sisdol Landfill

(December, 2004)

Activities of Pilot Project C (1/2)




C-2: Water Quality Survey in Sisdol

(March, 2005)

C-2: Signing Ceremony for Operation of Sisdol LF

among Stakeholders (May, 2005)

C-2: Commencement of Waste Disposal

at Sisdol Landfill (June, 2005)

C-2: Operation of Sisdol Landfill

(June, 2005)


(June, 2005)


(June, 2005)

Activities of Pilot Project C (2/2)




D-1: Training on Behavior Change Communication

Skill (July 21-23, 2004)

D-1:Sharing Meeting in MTM

(August 15, 2004)

D-1:Study Tour to Hetauda

(September 9-11, 2004)

D-2: Painting Workshop for School Children

(October, 2004)

D-2: 1st Public Event

(November, 2004)

D-2: 1st Public Event

(November, 2004)

Activities of Pilot Project D (1/2)




D-2: 2nd Public Event

(April, 2005)

D-2: 2nd Public Event

(April, 2005)

D-2: Clean Up Campaign

(June, 2005)

D-3: Counselor Training Camp

(September 7-9, 2004)

D-3: Camp for Nature Clubs

(September 16-18, 2004)

D-3: Workshop on Product Making from Waste for

Nature Clubs (October 1-2, 2004)

Activities of Pilot Project D (2/2)




E-1: Action Plan Operational Management Training

(July , 2004)

E-1: Action Plan Operational Management Training

(August , 2004)

E-1: Training on Monitoring and Evaluation System

(August , 2004)

E-1: Training on Program Based Budgeting

(September, 2004)

E-1: Training on Human Resource Management

(December, 2004)

E-2: Training on Quantity and Quality Survey

(September, 2004)

Activities of Pilot Project E (1/2)




E-2: Training on Quantity and Quality Survey

(September, 2004)

E-2: Training on Solid Waste Data Management

(November 9-10, 2004)

E-2: Training on Solid Waste Data Management

(November 9-10, 2004)

E-2: Practice of Data Management System

(January, 2005)

E-3: Country Focused Training in Japan

(December, 2004)

E-3: Country Focused Training in Japan

(December, 2004)

Activities of Pilot Project E (2/2)

Documents

APPENDIX 5 Ward Maps of Five Municipalities - JICAopen_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11808649_05.pdf · The Study on the Solid Waste Management for the Kathmandu Valley Japan International