1

APPENDICES

2

QUESTIONNAIRE

At present, I am Suzette Pranita S conducting a research into area of Sociolinguistics

as part of my studies in the Faculty of Language and Arts UNIKA Soegijapranata Semarang.

The focus of the research is how mixed marriage families (Bataknese – Javanese) maintaing

their heritage language. The questionnaire is made to complete the thesis entitled “A Study of

Language Maintenance in Mixed Marriage Bataknese – Javanese Families in Semarang and

Tegal”. I hope that you would like to fill in the questionnaire. Your details and anwers will be

kept stricly confidential. Thank you for your cooperation.

(Suzette Pranita S)

Please put the cross sign (X) in the coloum which is suitable with your answer.

Information Background:

Name :

Sex : a. Male

b. Female

Age : : a. 11 – 15 year old

b. 16 – 20 year old

c. 21 – 25 year old

d. 26 – 30 year old

e. above 31 year old

Education : a. Elementary School

b. Junior High School

c. Senior High School

d. Bachelor Degree

Your Father‟s Ethnic : a. Bataknese

b. Javanese

Your Mother‟s Ethnic : a. Bataknese

b. Javanese

3

How long have you been staying in Java Island : a. 1 – 5 years

b. 6 – 10 years

c. 11 – 15 years

d. above 15 years

Part I

Please put the cross sign (X) in the coloum which is suitable with your answer.

1. How often do you use Bataknese language with your grandparents?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

2. How often do you use Bataknese language with your parents?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

3. How often do you use Bataknese language with your brothers/sisters?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

4. How often do you use Bataknese language with your relatives?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

5. How often do you use Bataknese language with your friends?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

6. How often do you attend the Bataknese event/ceremony (wedding, funeral, etc)?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

4

d. Seldom

e. Never

7. How often do you join/attend the Bataknese community?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

8. How often do you visit your home town?

a. Always

b. Often

c. Sometimes

d. Seldom

e. Never

Part II

Please put the check sign (√) in the coloum which is suitable with your answer.

Note:

SD : Strongly Disagree A : Agree

D : Disagree SA : Strongly Agree

N : Neutral

NO Statement SD D N A SA

1 I like Bataknese language

2 I proud to be Bataknese people

3 As a Bataknese people, it is important to mastering

the heritage language

4 According to me, Bataknese language is easy to

learn

5 Speaking in Bataknese language is such an old-

fashioned thing

6 I feel comfortable to communicate with Bataknese

people

7 I want to marry Bataknese people too

8 In my opinion, joining the Bataknese community is

important

9 In my opinion, visiting our home town/land is

needed

10 I like to visit attraction places such as Danau Toba,

Pulau Samosir, Istana Maimun, etc

11 I want to use Bataknese culture as my wedding

event

12 I like Bataknese songs

5

13 I like Bataknese food

14 I like Bataknese comedy movies

15 Being interact with Bataknese people, help to

improve my heritage language profiency

16 I always use Bataknese language with my parents

17 I always use Bataknese language with my siblings

18 I always use Bataknese language with my friends

19 I want to know more about Bataknese culture‟s

histories

20 I more comfortable to live where the majority is

Bataknese

21 I feel being accepted if I live where the majority is

Bataknese

6

KUESIONER

Saat ini, saya Suzette Pranita Simarmata sedang mengadakan penelitian

Sosiolinguistik sebagai bagian dari studi saya di Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni UNIKA

Soegijapranata Semarang. Fokus penelitian ini terletak pada bagaimana cara/upaya keluarga

dalam melestarikan bahasa asli mereka dalam pernikahan campuran antar suku Batak dengan

suku Jawa di kota Semarang dan Tegal. Kuesioner ini dibuat untuk menyelesaikan skripsi

berjudul “Sebuah Penelitian Sosiolinguistik tentang Bagaimana Mempertahankan Bahasa

Asli dalam Pernikahan Campuran suku Batak dengan suku Jawa di kota Semarang dan

Tegal”. Besar harapan saya supaya anda bersedia mengisi kuesioner ini; jawaban anda akan

dijamin kerahasiaannya. Terimakasih atas kerjasamanya.

(Suzette Pranita S)

Berilah tanda silang (X) pada kolom yang sesuai dengan jawaban Anda.

Latar Belakang Informasi:

Nama :

Jenis Kelamin : a. Laki – laki

b. Perempuan

Usia : a. 11 – 15 tahun

b. 16 – 20 tahun

c. 21 – 25 tahun

d. 26 – 30 tahun

e. diatas 31 tahun

Pendidikan : a. SD

b. SMP

c. SMA

d. Sarjana (S1)

Suku Ayah Anda : a. Batak

b. Jawa

7

Suku Ibu Anda : a. Batak

b. Jawa

Sudah berapa lama Anda merantau ke Pulau Jawa? a. 1 – 5 tahun

b. 6 – 10 tahun

c. 10 – 15 tahun

d. diatas 15 tahun

Part I

Berilah tanda silang (X) pada kolom yang sesuai dengan jawaban Anda.

1. Seberapa sering Anda menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan kakek/nenek Anda?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

2. Seberapa sering Anda menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan orang tua Anda?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

3. Seberapa sering Anda menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan kakak/adik Anda?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

4. Seberapa sering Anda menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan saudara-saudara Anda?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

5. Seberapa sering Anda menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan teman-teman Anda?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

8

6. Seberapa sering Anda menghadiri acara/upacara kebudayaan Batak (pesta pernikahan,

pemakaman, dll)?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

7. Seberapa sering Anda mengikuti/menghadiri perkumpulan/komunitas Batak?

a. Selalu

b. Sering

c. Kadang-kadang

d. Jarang

e. Tidak pernah

8. Seberapa sering Anda mengunjungi ke tanah Batak/kampung asli anda?

a. Selalu (setiap tahun)

b. Sering (minimal sekali dalam lima tahun)

c. Kadang – kadang (minimal sekali dalam 10 tahun)

d. Jarang (minimal sekali dalam 15 tahun)

e. Tidak pernah

Part II

Berilah tanda centang (√) pada kolom yang sesuai dengan jawaban Anda.

Catatan:

STS : Sangat Tidak Setuju S : Setuju

TS : Tidak Setuju SS : Sangat Setuju

N : Netral

NO Pernyataan STS TS N S SS

1 Saya menyukai bahasa Batak

2 Saya merasa bangga menjadi orang Batak

3 Sebagai orang Batak, menguasai bahasa Batak itu

penting

4 Menurut saya, bahasa Batak mudah dipelajari

5 Berbicara dalam bahasa Batak itu kuno

6 Saya merasa nyaman berkomunikasi dengan sesama

orang Batak

7 Saya ingin menikah dengan sesama orang Batak

8 Menurut saya, mengikuti perkumpulan/organisasi

Batak itu penting

9 Menurut saya, berkunjung ke tanah Batak itu perlu

9

10 Saya suka berkunjung ke tempat-tempat wisata

seperti danau Toba, Pulau Samosir, Istana Maimun,

dll

11 Saya ingin menggunakan adat Batak dalam

pernikahan saya

12 Saya menyukai lagu-lagu Batak

13 Saya menyukai makanan khas orang Batak

14 Saya menyukai film komedi Batak

15 Berinteraksi dengan orang Batak, membantu

meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Batak saya

16 Saya selalu menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan

orang tua saya

17 Saya selalu menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan

teman saya

18 Saya selalu menggunakan bahasa Batak dengan

adik atau kakak saya

19 Saya ingin mengetahui tentang sejarah budaya

Batak

20 Saya lebih nyaman tinggal dilingkungan yang

mayoritas orang Batak

21 Saya merasa mudah diterima jika tinggal di

lingkungan yang mayoritas orang Batak

10

Reliability Scale: ALL VARIABLES

Case Processing Summary

N %

Cases Valid 85 100,0

Excludeda 0 ,0

Total 85 100,0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the

procedure.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's

Alpha N of Items

,926 8

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance

if Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's

Alpha if Item

Deleted

A1 15,5176 30,896 ,839 ,909

A2 15,1882 32,012 ,859 ,908

A3 15,4706 31,562 ,865 ,907

A4 15,6706 32,604 ,850 ,909

A5 16,2235 35,152 ,638 ,925

A6 15,2588 34,266 ,654 ,924

A7 15,3176 32,505 ,730 ,919

A8 14,8000 35,948 ,562 ,930

Reliability Scale: ALL VARIABLES

Case Processing Summary

N %

Cases Valid 85 100,0

Excludeda 0 ,0

Total 85 100,0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the

procedure.

11

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's

Alpha N of Items

,922 21

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance

if Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's

Alpha if Item

Deleted

B1 54,3294 83,819 ,785 ,914

B2 54,1765 86,004 ,618 ,917

B3 54,2824 89,562 ,499 ,920

B4 54,9882 86,131 ,593 ,918

B5 55,8824 89,724 ,249 ,929

B6 54,4588 86,085 ,686 ,916

B7 54,3647 84,996 ,708 ,915

B8 54,4118 85,364 ,717 ,915

B9 54,2941 89,948 ,532 ,919

B10 54,1529 86,107 ,657 ,916

B11 54,2471 83,855 ,733 ,915

B12 54,8000 88,781 ,411 ,922

B13 54,1059 90,786 ,413 ,921

B14 55,0353 85,106 ,662 ,916

B15 54,3529 87,493 ,621 ,917

B16 54,6941 86,882 ,662 ,917

B17 55,0706 87,257 ,584 ,918

B18 55,1765 86,861 ,596 ,918

B19 54,5059 89,634 ,550 ,919

B20 54,5647 90,058 ,434 ,921

B21 54,4588 88,632 ,567 ,918

Descriptives

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

A1 85 ,00 4,00 2,1176 1,13821

A2 85 ,00 4,00 2,4471 1,00600

A3 85 ,00 4,00 2,1647 1,04480

A4 85 ,00 4,00 1,9647 ,95677

A5 85 ,00 4,00 1,4118 ,90362

A6 85 ,00 4,00 2,3765 ,98774

A7 85 ,00 4,00 2,3176 1,09340

12

A8 85 ,00 4,00 2,8353 ,89771

Valid N (listwise) 85

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

B1 85 ,00 4,00 2,9882 ,79424

B2 85 ,00 4,00 3,1412 ,80405

B3 85 1,00 4,00 3,0353 ,62578

B4 85 ,00 4,00 2,3294 ,82214

B5 85 ,00 4,00 1,4353 1,06287

B6 85 ,00 4,00 2,8588 ,72626

B7 85 ,00 4,00 2,9529 ,78537

B8 85 ,00 4,00 2,9059 ,74998

B9 85 2,00 4,00 3,0235 ,55584

B10 85 ,00 4,00 3,1647 ,75352

B11 85 ,00 4,00 3,0706 ,84217

B12 85 1,00 4,00 2,5176 ,82537

B13 85 2,00 4,00 3,2118 ,59949

B14 85 ,00 4,00 2,2824 ,82537

B15 85 ,00 4,00 2,9647 ,68046

B16 85 ,00 4,00 2,6235 ,68966

B17 85 ,00 3,00 2,2471 ,73850

B18 85 ,00 4,00 2,1412 ,75833

B19 85 1,00 4,00 2,8118 ,56682

B20 85 ,00 4,00 2,7529 ,65294

B21 85 ,00 4,00 2,8588 ,63906

Valid N (listwise) 85

13

Frequency Table

JENIS_KELAMIN

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Laki-Laki 39 45,9 45,9 45,9

Perempuan 46 54,1 54,1 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

USIA

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid 11-15 tahun 11 12,9 12,9 12,9

16-20 tahun 10 11,8 11,8 24,7

21-25 tahun 31 36,5 36,5 61,2

26-30 tahun 17 20,0 20,0 81,2

Diatas 31 tahun 16 18,8 18,8 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

PENDIDIKAN

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid SMP 11 12,9 12,9 12,9

SMA 23 27,1 27,1 40,0

S1 51 60,0 60,0 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

SUKU_AYAH

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid BATAK 55 64,7 64,7 64,7

JAWA 30 35,3 35,3 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

SUKU_IBU

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid BATAK 30 35,3 35,3 35,3

JAWA 55 64,7 64,7 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

14

Lama_merantau

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid 1-5 Tahun 32 37,6 37,6 37,6

6-10 tahun 12 14,1 14,1 51,8

11-15 tahun 15 17,6 17,6 69,4

diatas 15 tahun 26 30,6 30,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

A1

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 7 8,2 8,2 8,2

Jarang 20 23,5 23,5 31,8

Kadang-Kadang 23 27,1 27,1 58,8

Sering 26 30,6 30,6 89,4

Selalu 9 10,6 10,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

A2

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 3 3,5 3,5 3,5

Jarang 17 20,0 20,0 23,5

Kadang-kadang 10 11,8 11,8 35,3

Sering 49 57,6 57,6 92,9

Selalu 6 7,1 7,1 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

A3

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 6 7,1 7,1 7,1

Jarang 18 21,2 21,2 28,2

Kadang-kadang 21 24,7 24,7 52,9

Sering 36 42,4 42,4 95,3

Selalu 4 4,7 4,7 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

15

A4

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 5 5,9 5,9 5,9

Jarang 23 27,1 27,1 32,9

Kadang-kadang 29 34,1 34,1 67,1

Sering 26 30,6 30,6 97,6

Selalu 2 2,4 2,4 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

A5

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 14 16,5 16,5 16,5

Jarang 31 36,5 36,5 52,9

Kadang-kadang 32 37,6 37,6 90,6

Sering 7 8,2 8,2 98,8

Selalu 1 1,2 1,2 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

A6

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 3 3,5 3,5 3,5

Jarang 14 16,5 16,5 20,0

Kadang-kadang 24 28,2 28,2 48,2

Sering 36 42,4 42,4 90,6

Selalu 8 9,4 9,4 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

A7

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 6 7,1 7,1 7,1

Jarang 13 15,3 15,3 22,4

Kadang-kadang 24 28,2 28,2 50,6

Sering 32 37,6 37,6 88,2

Selalu 10 11,8 11,8 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

16

A8

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak pernah 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Jarang 1 1,2 1,2 3,5

Kadang-kadang 27 31,8 31,8 35,3

Sering 34 40,0 40,0 75,3

Selalu 21 24,7 24,7 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B1

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 3,5

Neutral 15 17,6 17,6 21,2

Agree 46 54,1 54,1 75,3

Strongly Agree 21 24,7 24,7 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B2

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Nautral 10 11,8 11,8 14,1

Agree 45 52,9 52,9 67,1

Strongly Agree 28 32,9 32,9 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B3

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Neutral 12 14,1 14,1 15,3

Agree 55 64,7 64,7 80,0

Strongly Agree 17 20,0 20,0 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

17

B4

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Diagree 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Disagree 10 11,8 11,8 14,1

Neutral 34 40,0 40,0 54,1

Agree 36 42,4 42,4 96,5

Strongly Agree 3 3,5 3,5 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B5

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 10 11,8 11,8 11,8

Disagree 48 56,5 56,5 68,2

Neutral 14 16,5 16,5 84,7

Agree 6 7,1 7,1 91,8

Strongly Agree 7 8,2 8,2 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B6

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 4,7

Neutral 11 12,9 12,9 17,6

Agree 61 71,8 71,8 89,4

Strongly Agree 9 10,6 10,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B7

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Neutral 16 18,8 18,8 21,2

Agree 49 57,6 57,6 78,8

Strongly Agree 18 21,2 21,2 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

18

B8

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 2,4

Neutral 19 22,4 22,4 24,7

Agree 48 56,5 56,5 81,2

Strongly Agree 16 18,8 18,8 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B9

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Neutral 12 14,1 14,1 14,1

Agree 59 69,4 69,4 83,5

Strongly Agree 14 16,5 16,5 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B10

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 2,4

Neutral 9 10,6 10,6 12,9

Agree 46 54,1 54,1 67,1

Strongly Agree 28 32,9 32,9 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B11

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 4 4,7 4,7 5,9

Neutral 9 10,6 10,6 16,5

Agree 45 52,9 52,9 69,4

Strongly Agree 26 30,6 30,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

19

B12

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Disagree 9 10,6 10,6 10,6

Neutral 32 37,6 37,6 48,2

Agree 35 41,2 41,2 89,4

Strongly Agree 9 10,6 10,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B13

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Neutral 8 9,4 9,4 9,4

Agree 51 60,0 60,0 69,4

Strongly Agree 26 30,6 30,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B14

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Disagree 9 10,6 10,6 12,9

Neutral 42 49,4 49,4 62,4

Agree 27 31,8 31,8 94,1

Strongly Agree 5 5,9 5,9 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B15

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 3,5

Neutral 9 10,6 10,6 14,1

Agree 60 70,6 70,6 84,7

Strongly Agree 13 15,3 15,3 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

20

B16

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 5 5,9 5,9 7,1

Neutral 21 24,7 24,7 31,8

Agree 56 65,9 65,9 97,6

Strongly Agree 2 2,4 2,4 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B17

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 2 2,4 2,4 2,4

Disagree 9 10,6 10,6 12,9

Neutral 40 47,1 47,1 60,0

Agree 34 40,0 40,0 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B18

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 15 17,6 17,6 18,8

Neutral 41 48,2 48,2 67,1

Agree 27 31,8 31,8 98,8

Strongly Agree 1 1,2 1,2 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B19

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Neutral 20 23,5 23,5 24,7

Agree 58 68,2 68,2 92,9

Strongly Agree 6 7,1 7,1 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

21

B20

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly DIsagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 2,4

Neutral 22 25,9 25,9 28,2

Agree 55 64,7 64,7 92,9

Strongly Agree 6 7,1 7,1 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

B21

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Disagree 1 1,2 1,2 1,2

Neutral 18 21,2 21,2 22,4

Agree 57 67,1 67,1 89,4

Strongly Agree 9 10,6 10,6 100,0

Total 85 100,0 100,0

1

Frequencies

Statistics

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

N Valid 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Statistics

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10

N Valid 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Statistics

B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21

N Valid 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1