Apodotiki Xrhsh Ths Energias Sth Biomhxania

5/19/2018 Apodotiki Xrhsh Ths Energias Sth Biomhxania

1/82


2/82

EL 1.0 - 2010

IUSES www.iuses.eu .

.


3/82

:

Tadhg Coakley (Clean Technology Centre - Cork Institute of Technology ), Noel Duffy (Clean

Technology Centre - Cork Institute of Technology ), Sebastian Freiberger (Stenum), Johannes

Fresner (Stenum), Jos Houben (University of Leoben), Hannes Kern (University of Leoben),

Christina Krenn (Stenum), Colman McCarthy (Clean Technology Centre - Cork Institute of

Technology ), Harald Raupenstrauch (University of Leoben)

Layout

Fabio Tomasi (AREA Science Park)

:

, , ()

IUSES IUSES Intelligent Use of Energy at

School

(Intelligent Energy Europe Programme).

: AREA Science Park (),

(), CIRCE (), Clean Technology Centre - Cork Institute of Technology

(), Enviros s.r.o. (), IVAM UvA (), Jelgava Adult Education Centre

(), Prioriterre (), Science Centre Immaginario Scientifico (), Slovenski E-

forum (), Stenum GmbH (), University Politehnica of Bucharest

(), University of Leoben (), University of Ruse ()

,

. ,

, IUSES

.

.

([email protected]

), IUSES

.

I


4/82


5/82

1

IUSES

IntelligentUseofEnergyatSchool(IUSES)


6/82

2

IUSES

...................................................................................................................4

1: .................................................................7

;......................................................................................................7

..................................................................................7

........................................................................................................8

............................................................................................8

.................................................................................................10

..............................................................................................10

2: ...............................................................................13

() .16

............................................................................................17

.........................................18

3: ..........................21

3.1 ().....................................................21

....................................................................21

.............................................................................................22

........................................................................................22

....................................................23

..........................................24

..........................................25

3.2 .............................................29

.........................................................................................29

.................................................................................33

...............................................................................................35

........................................................................38

............................................................................................................38

4: .......................................................................40

.............................................41


7/82

3

IUSES

................................................. 42

............................................................................................. 43

............................................................................................................. 44

..................................................................................... 45

................................................................................................................... 47

.................................................................................. 48

........................................................................................................... 50

5: .......... 52

................................................................................................................ 52

.................................................................................. 54

...................................................... 54

........................................................................... 55

;................................................... 57

.................................. 66

........................................................................................................... 68

................................................................................................................... 77


8/82

4

IUSES

!!. .

. , .

.

.

3 .

.

. , , ,

.

, ,

, .

, ,

. ,

. :

1:

. (

) .

, .

.

2:

.

, ,

.

. ,

, , .

. ,

, ,

.

.

3: ( )

.

. ,


9/82

5

IUSES

.

, .

4:

.

. , .

5:

5

.

,

.

. ,

, , ,

.

:

:


10/82

6

IUSES

:

,

.

: ,

:

.

, :

,

.

:

,

.

:

.

:

:

.

-:

,

:

,

.

:


11/82

7

IUSES

1:

: :

,

;

, .

:

, ,

.

; ;

; ;

.

. ; ;

.

.

. ; ;

.

.

:.

.

.

. ,

.

.

.

. .


12/82

8

IUSES

, ,

( ), .

, , .

.

:

,

,

()

, .

(, , ) (

). ,

.

,

2% .

35 .

,

.

57 .

25% (

22% 5% )

: ;

.

: ,

25 5,5 % ,

1%.


13/82

9

IUSES

: :

.

(, ) ,

.

:: http://www.iea.org

: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/energy

: ,

.


14/82

10

IUSES

: :

:

( .. ()

).

; ;

;

1500 1800W

.

500W .

100

: ,

745 W.

, 745W., ,

.

, , .

, , ,

.

(J)-

, . , (J) (1) (Newton) 1 . (1) (ampere) (1) (ohm)

(W)

(1)(J) . : , (kJ), 1.000 , (MJ), 1.000.000 (GJ), 1 ., (kW),(MW) (GW)


15/82

11

IUSES

- : :

(),

,

, ,

.

1 (

) 1 ( (),

).

. (J/kg-K). 4180 J/kg K .

20C 60C, 167.200 J.

: 1 kg x 4180 J/kg K x (60-20) degrees K. 167.200 J 167,2 kJ,joule !

:

, , , , .

:

1.

2.

()

3. , (

)

4.

5. ,

,

: , , ;

(kWh) , .

, 1.000 (. 1000 ) ., 100W 10 , 1 (100W x 10 =1000 Wh = 1 kWh). 3,6. .

()

41.868 kJ 42 GJ. .1 = 11.630 MWh

: ,

, 50%!


16/82

12

IUSES

:

1.

200W , ( )

;

2. .

,

3. ,

,

.

(, )

4. (

); 80

:

(, , )

- : :

. ,

:: http://www.iea.org

: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/energy

: , ,

,


17/82

13

IUSES

2:

: :

,

.

, , , ,

, , , .

,

35

.

, . , . 1990 2005,

, 83%

79%, ( 1 ). 10 ,

. .

1999, ,

.

1. , -27.:

, &, 2008

,

, 3,4%

1990 2005.

, 2.


18/82

14

IUSES

2. -27.: , &, 2008

,

, ,

... 3IUSES .

3.().: EUROSTAT

,

. 2005,

27 , 79% ,

36,7%, 24,6% 17,7% ,

(54%) . ,

100%, 100%

.


19/82

15

IUSES

4.2005. :

, &, 2008

5 27.

, ,

5% .

,

1/5 .

5.

,-27, 2005. : & Eurostat

27

11% 1990 2005.

1990, ,

6. ,

..

..,


20/82

16

IUSES

,

..

6. . : & Eurostat

()

. , ,

,

.

.

,

. ,

,

.


21/82

17

IUSES

,

.

Peak Oil:18 2020 93

.

0,18ZJ (31,1 ) 85

. peak oil,

. (: www.peakoil.com)

7. (: ASPO, 2005)

1956, , Shell Oil, 1960 .

, .

. ,

(Peak Oil) .

(2007),

2004 13.1% ,

(79.4%) (16.7%). , , - 0.1%

,

,


22/82

18

IUSES

. (

,

,

)

2030 14%

18% 25% (: http://www.iea.org/weo/2007.asp).

,

, 3.4% 1990 2005,

,

8.

8. 2006 (, , ,

1.000 ).: Eurostat

,

. ,

.

.

, ,

. , ,

. ,

,

.

.

.

,


23/82

19

IUSES

.

,

-

.

, ,

.

,

. (Rance

)

.

.

, , Strangford Lough

.

, , ,

.

.

,

, . 1904

Lar-

derello , . , Larderello

1 .

.

,

. ,

,

, . ,

, :

.

.

.

,

.

,

.

. ,

, ,

,

.


24/82

20

IUSES

.

, ,

. , ,

, - ()

. , , ,

,

. ,

,

, .

:

1. ;

.

2. . (,

)

- : :

..

( )

()

,

:Earthtrends: http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/index.php?

action=select_variable&theme=6

: http://themes.eea.europa.eu/indicators/

(EUROSTAT): http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/

portal/page?_pageid=0,1136239,0_45571447&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

: 3

.


25/82

21

IUSES

3:

3.1 ()

:

:

(.1)

.

9.(.. ) (.. ) , , .

: EU BREF on energy efficiency

.

, ,

: .

, , , ,

.. .

.

,

, ,

.

. ,

.

, , ..

, , , .

, , .


26/82

22

IUSES

,

, .

, , ..

{

(}.

()

.

. ,

,

.

. ,

,

, , , ()

.

(),

( )

.

,

, ,

,

2 .. 27 -. , ..,

.

10., -27,:

( 11), ,

!


27/82

23

IUSES

11. (%) 1990

2005. : , &, 2008

,

. .

,

. , ,

() .

,

. ,

,

.

: 40% - 50%. ,

.

, ,

, .

, 5% - 10% .

,

,

. ,

, , ,

.

:


28/82

24

IUSES

12. (: Progress in Energy andCombustion Science 33 (2007) 107134)

, .

,

. ,

,

50% , 75% , 4.

, 5,

.

13. . :


29/82

25

IUSES

14. 2006. :

(EUROSTAT)

:

; ( [GWh]

) ;

: .

Sankey.

.

.

:

,

.

, .


30/82

26

IUSES

:

1.

Sankey

2. ;

3. ;

4. ;5. .

6. ,

().

,

.

7. . :

(EUROSTAT)

15.2005. : Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2007


31/82

27

IUSES

;

.

27 0.8% 1990 2005,

(),

, 2.1% . ,25

1.3% . 16 .

16. 27 1990-2005, 1990=100. :

0.8%

12%. ,

,

.

, , ,

. ,

,

. ,

.

: , (. 9)

. ,

, .


32/82

28

IUSES

17. 1995 2006 (: )

1. (1.000 ) 1995 2006.:

,

.

:

: http://themes.eea.europa.eu/indicators/

: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?

_pageid=0,1136239,0_45571447&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

:

(

) .


33/82

29

IUSES

3.2 :

2.

85%

.

, , , ..

,

.

.

, :

. ,

. ,

.

.

, ,

.

.

air condition, ,

.

::

:

. ,

. , .

,


34/82

30

IUSES

,

.

()

,

. , .

18. /[1]

:

19. .


35/82

31

IUSES

19. /[2]

20. 2]

, 20.

, .

.

, .

()

. ,

, ,

.

:

. ,


36/82

32

IUSES

.

,

.

:

;

;

:1.

.

.

, ,

2. .

:

;

;

;

;

; ;

; 19

.

: ,

2%.

21.

: 20

1%.

: 500.000

.

, 2700 kg/h

.


37/82

33

IUSES

:

3

,

,

10-20 .

1-2-3 , 3 :

,

.

1: .

.

,

.

2: .

.

3:.

.

: 1 5 ,

3 , .

,

:

( 10 ):

.

(6 10): .

: 6,

. 3 :

, . .


38/82

34

IUSES

:

:

.

,

. ,

.

,

.

:

.

, , , ...

:

;

, , , , ...

, .

:

. ,

.

, .

:

3 : ) , )

, )

.

: , ,

. , .

1. 50 ()

2.

3.

4. ()

5.

6. ,

: 100

50 m/h . 5cm,

24 kW.

10cm, 5 kW.

.


39/82

35

IUSES

()

:

-

( kW)

(

) -

3.

: :

1-2-3 6 10,

[kWh]

.

:

:

.

,

.

, 90%

. , .

[kW]

[kW]

KWh

2 2.2 4.4 182 800.8

1 4 4 1600 6400


40/82

36

IUSES

22 . 5% . 95%

().

22. [3]

23.

23. [3]

4 :

1.

.

:

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

current state leaks reduced superordinated

control

whole machine

optimised

savings

consumption


41/82

37

IUSES

, , , , ,

, .

1. ,

.

2.

.

3.

. ,

, ,

,

.

80-93%

. , ,

50-90% .

: ,

.

.

;

;

;

22:

:

mm

6barl/s 12barl/s6bar

kWh12bar

kWh 6bar 12bar

1 1,2 1,8 0,3 1,0 144 4803 11,1 20,8 3,1 12,7 1.488 6.096

5 30,9 58,5 8,3 33,7 3.984 16.176

10 123,8 235,2 33,0 132,0 15.840 63.360

kWx0,006x8.000 /


42/82

38

IUSES

: :

50%

() . (

), , ..

.

100

.

0-100 ,

.

24.

[1] Meilner Mechanical Sales, Inc. www.boilersource.com

[2] Dockrill P., Friedrich F.,Federal Industrail Boiler Program, Natural ResourceCanada, CANMET Energy Technology Centre, 1 Haanel Drive, Nepean ON K1A


43/82

39

IUSES

1M1, Boilers and Heaters: Improving Energy Efficiency, Catalogue No: M92-

299/2001E, 2001

[3] Initiativ Energieeffizienz in Industrie und Gewerbe www.industrie-

energieeffizienz.de

[4] Top Motorswww.topmotors.ch

[5] Heat Recovery with Compressed Air Systems http:/ / www.compressedairchallenge.org/library/factsheets/factsheet10.pdf

:

www.topmotors.ch

http://www.compressedairchallenge.org

www.boilersource.com


44/82

40

IUSES

4:

:

, .

,

, .

,

.

.

.

.

,

-.

ISO 9001:

ISO 14001:

ISO 16001:

1. ISO 9001:

//

2. ISO 14001:

3. ISO 16001:

.

;

25


45/82

41

IUSES

25 [1]

.

, .

.

. , ,

,

.

: ,

.

: :

; (, ,

.)

?

; (

, , .) /;

; (

, .. ,

)

/;

(..

, , ..);

;

;


46/82

42

IUSES

:!

//

.

26, :

26

.

.

ISO 14001 ISO 16001.

, :

:

ISO 14001

EMAS ()

:

;

PLANNING

ENERGY

POLICY

IMPLEMENTATION

AND OPERATION

AUDIT

MANAGEMENT

REVIEW

CONTINUOUS

IMPROVEMENT

;

;

;


47/82

43

IUSES

.

;

;

; ,

.

,

.

,

.

:

27"Star Paper Mills" [2]


48/82

44

IUSES

: ;

, , ;

ISO 14001 ISO 16001;

;

/

(..

, , );

:

28

-()

. ,

(28).

::

::

(, ..)

: .

.


49/82

45

IUSES

-

. 29.

29 -

,

.

.

(

, , ..) (,

..).,

.

,

,

.

,

.

.

, , . ,

,

, .

,

.

: -

(M-real Stockstadt GmbH)


50/82

46

IUSES

:

/(//..)

/ (

kW)

(

/) /

/ /

(.. ).

//.

;

, / /.

30 -


51/82

47

IUSES

: (Smart), (Measurable),

(Ambitious), (Realistic), (Terminated)

.

. , ,

,

.

:

10%,

(..

, ,),

20% ,

, ,

20%;

,

5%,

,

10%

, .

4:


52/82

48

IUSES

:

;

;

, 4.

.

.

31

, :

.

:

: !!!!

300 .

.

(, , , , , , ..):


53/82

49

IUSES

()

: :

;

;

//;

.

:

, . ,

.

.

:

1.

2. ,

3. (, , ,

(e-mails), ..)

4.

.

.

.

,

. ,

,

.

::

;

(.. PowerPoint)

;


54/82

50

IUSES

32.

().

. ,

.

(..

) . .

, .

.

.

.

,

.

:

.


55/82

51

IUSES

:

, ;

;

;

;

.

.

.

:

:

: .

.

:5 :1.

2. : - , ,

3. : , ,

4.

5.

[1] ISO 14001

[2] Energy policy (Star Paper Mills Ltd.) http://www.energymanagertraining.com/

banner/EMP2005_pdf/Star_Paper_Mills_EMP.pdf[3] M-reals Environmental Declaration 2007

http://www.m-real.com/ilwwcm/resources/file/eb7e914b0803b58/M-real%

20EMAS%202007%20E_ENDI_08082007.pdf

[4]http://www.southbirminghampct.nhs.uk/_services/rehab/Images/AuditCycle.jpg

:

www.sappi.com

www.m-real.com

www.iso.org

www.nsai.ie


56/82

52

IUSES

5:

;

.

,

.

33.

2.000

13 [5]. , ,

, .

19[1].

. ,

,

.

.

. 48%

[22]

1[22]

2,6% .

100

. 48%

, 40%, 12%.

, , .

2 ;

1.200 , 800

.

79

, 1,4%

.

1 (Cepi).

(Confederation of European paper industries). 2007: , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , .


57/82

53

IUSES

2007 119

.

[17].

. 34

2. .

34.

. 35

.35. .. - 27 [28]

35 : ,

, , , [28].

,

, ,

.. ,

.

.

: , , , , , ,, [33].


58/82

54

IUSES

. ,

.

; [19]. 36

.

36. [31]

, -,

() .

.

.

. [31].

(), ,

. ,

[18].

, 3

.

.

[3].

3 . [www.leo.org]


59/82

55

IUSES

49% , 44% ,

6% , 1% (Na),

(K), (Ca), (Mg) (Si).

: ,

.

[6]. 37 .

37. [16]

, .

.

.

.

,

[18].

, ,

[19, 20].

2006, 56% .

[19].

(fillers)

30% . , , ()

, .

, [1].

. , ,

. 10 100


60/82

56

IUSES

.

, [3].

. , 60%

. ,

, , . [18]. 38

.

38. UPM [14].

,

. .

. ,

.

14,

.

[14].

,

. 15% 25% [27].

3-5

(MWh)

. ,

. ,

.

,

CO2 [19].


61/82

57

IUSES

. [3, 20]:

,

. ,

, . ,

[4].

[2].

.

, ,

[19].

,

, [18].

, .

.

[2].

,

.155 175C,

.

,

.

. 70%

90% [2]. ,

. , .

(4.1)

. (. )

(. )

. ,

.

(4.2)


62/82

58

IUSES

,

, ,

[1].

39. [34]

40: ,

40. [31]

.

( ..)

.

[18].


63/82

59

IUSES

41. [4]

. .

().

2

.

. P .

, ,

[4]. 42

.

42. TMP [31]


64/82

60

IUSES

,

.

. , ,

, , .

,

. 60-70%

[12].

()

. ,

.

,

[3]. 20

.

. , [3]. ,

, , , ,

[18].

44.

[31]

43.

[12]


65/82

61

IUSES

[19].

;

. ,

.

[7]. , 10-20 %

[17].

, ,

,

, , ,

[17].

600 [22].

..,

, (. 46).

45. [25]

46. Energy output of waste incineration [26]

A;

.

, .

,

. [9, 10, 19,

25,26]

5 .


66/82

62

IUSES

:

, (CO2) (CH4),

,

[24]

(< 10 m)

[24]

,

,

[24]

COD, ,

. [24]

BOD, ,

.

[18]

AOX, ,

, [24]

5.

[8, 9, 24]

A: 100%

B: 100%

2,200 kg -

- 1,1001,300 kg

(.. ) 100 kg 25 kg(.. ) 230 kg 130 kg

30,000-100,000 l 10,000-20,000 l

3-4 MWh

0.5-1 MWh

(.. ) 0.5-1 MWh 1-2 MWh

3.5-5 MWh 1.5-3 MWh

COD 5-50 kg 2-10 kg

BOD 1.8-2.1 kg 1.6-2 kg

AOX


67/82

63

IUSES

,

. ,

,

,

.

2 MWh, . 40% [23].

1,5 . 5

, 700

, ,

4.400 ,

160g .

2001 , 35% ,

, , 18% , 41%

, 6% [3].

,

.

,

[19].

, ,

.

[12]. 47

.

47. [15]

,

. ,

, .

. 5: www.aee.or.at: 20.000 kWh


68/82

64

IUSES

48 [11].

48. [10]

6, , ,

,

[10].

. , 10-12 l/kg [3].

.

, ,

.

. ,

.

[29].

()

,

.8 [13].

= Puse/Pin Puse = , Pin=

,

, .

25%. 49

[29].

6

(55% ), (44% ) (1% ), , . , , , ... [32]


69/82

65

IUSES

49.

[13, 29]

31%

, .

80% .

, 30 45

, 154 .

: [29]

= Puse/Pin = (30+45)/154 = 0.49

= 49%

.

100 , : [29].

= Puse/Pin = (30+45)/100 = 0.75= 75%


70/82

66

IUSES

50.

5 : , , ,

[3].

50. [31, 2]

,

. 99% [2].

,

, 20% [3].

()

50% [3].

, , ,

[3,18]. 51

.

51.

. , ,

[2].

, , [3].


71/82

67

IUSES

10 m 25 . [21]

1.

:

.

.

.

: 2,4 Wh

.

) ( ),

49%;

= Quse/Qin

Qin = Quse /= 2,4 MWh/0,49

Qin = 4.9 MWh

) ( ),

, 75%;

= Quse/Qin

Qin = Quse /= 2,4 MWh/0,75

Qin = 3,2 MWh


72/82

68

IUSES

:!

: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bzedan/sets/967347/; 14.12.2008

: , (blender), 1 l , , ,

, , (40x30cm)

2x2cm .50x40cm.

:

. .

2/3 20 30 .

) ,

10 kWh/m:

4,9 MWh 3,2 MWh = 1,7 MWh

1.700 kWh/10 kWh/m = 170 m

, 170m .

) :

CH4 + O2CO2 + H2O

CH4 + 2O2CO2 + 2H2O

) CH4,

CO2

; 1 m CH4

1 m CO2. CO2 44 g/mol.

1 mol = 22,414 l

1 m = 1.000 l/22,414 l/mol = 44,6 mol

44,6 mol/m * 44 g/mol = 1.962,4 g/m

170 m * 1.962,4 g/m = 333.608 g


73/82

69

IUSES

. 2x2 cm.

3 .

: Q=P*t.

P .

P (kW), t (h).3 1 .


74/82

70

IUSES

.

.

.


75/82

71

IUSES

.

. ,

. ,

.

,

. ,

.


76/82

72

IUSES

, , .


77/82

73

IUSES

.

, .

.

.


78/82

74

IUSES

3 5 .

.

, .


79/82

75

IUSES

.

, .

.

.


80/82

76

IUSES

. .

.

,

:Q=P*t.


81/82

77

IUSES

1. The paper making process - From wood to coated paper: Sappi idea exchange; from the

Internet: www.ideaexchange.sappi.com,06.2008

2. European Commission: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Reference

Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry. December 2001;

from the Internet: www.bmwa.gv.at., 06. 2008

3. Herbert Holik (Ed.): Handbook of paper and board; Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH &

Co,KgaA, Weinheim (Germany), 2006

4. Herbert Sixta (Ed.): Handbook of pulp, Volume 2, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH &

Co,KgaA, Weinheim (Germany), 2006

5. Anders Thoren (Ed.) Paper in the Ecocyle, Media Express Fallkping 1995, ISBN:

9188198-21-9

6. Herbert Sixta (Ed.): Handbook of pulp, Volume 1, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH &Co,KgaA, Weinheim (Germany), 2006

7. European Enviroment Agency: Paper and Cardboard recovery or disposal? Review o f

life cycle assesment and cost benefit analyses on the recovery and disposal af p a p e r

and cardboard, EEA Technical Report 5/2006; Copenhagen 2006; ISBN: 92- 9 1 6 7 -

783-3

8. Initiative 2000 plus; Kritischer Papierbericht 2004; Essen, 2004 from the Internet :

www.unmweltdaten.de/publikationen/fpdf-k/papierb_kurz.pdf,10.october 2008

9. : http://www.infonetz-owl.de, 16. 2008

10. Siemens: Press release; Generating electrical power instead of disposal to landfill: Sipaper

Reject Power extracts electrical energy and process heat from residues from paper produc-

tion, Wiesbaden-June 27, 2006, from the Internet: www.industry.siemens.com/press, 16.2008

11. Johann Gullichsen (Ed.), Carl-Johan Fogelholm(Ed.): Chemical Pulping; Book 6B of

Papermaking Science and Technology a series of 19 books; published in cooperation

with the Finnish Paper Engineer`s Association and TAPPI

12. Jan Sundholm (Ed.): Mechanical Pulping; Book 5 of Papermaking Science and Technol-

ogy a series of 19 books; published in cooperation with the Finnish Paper Engineer`s

Association and TAPPI

13. EDUCOGEN the European Educational tool on cogeneration, second edition,september

2001; from the Internet: www.cogen.org, 05. 2008

14. UPM Steyrermhl; Umwelterklrung 2004 2006

15. : www.Energyefficiencyasia.org, 05. 200816. : http://www.lfu.bayern.de/umweltwissen/doc/uw_49_papier.pdf, 05.

2008

17. International Institute for Environment and Development: Towards a Sustainable p a p e r

cycle, An independent study on the sustainability of the pulp and paper industry; Lon-

don, 1996; from the Internet: www.wbcsd.org/web/publications/paper-future.pdf, 05.

2008

18. : http://www.edf.org,10. 2008

19. : www.paperonline.org, 10. 2008

20. : www.pita.co.uk, 13. 2008

21. : www.earth911.com13. 2008

22. Confederation Of European Paper Industries, Environmental Report 2000; Brussels No-

vember 2000; from the Internet: www.cepi.org, 11. 2008


82/82

78

IUSES

23. Jennifer Roberts (Ed.); The State of the Paper Industry, Monitoring the Indicators of Envi-

ronmental Performance, A collaborative report by the Steering Committee of the Environ-

mental Paper Network; from the Internet: w w w . e n v i r o n m e n t a l p a p e r . o r g /

stateofthepaperindustry, 12. 2008

24. : www.papercalculator.org, 12. 2008

25. : www.waste-management-world.com, 14. 200826. : www.gte.at, 14. 2008

27. : www.reports.andritz.com,28. 2008

28. : www.reports.eea.europa.eu, 29. 2008

29. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Combined Heat and Power Partnership: Catalog

of CHP Technologies; December 2008; from the Internet: www.epa.gov; 05.

2008

30. : www.iea.org; 03. 2008

31. UPM Kymmene Corporation; So entsteht Qualittspapier; from the Internet: www.upm-

kymmene.com; 05. .08

32. Austrian Energy Agency: Technologie Portrait Biogas; from the Internet:

www.energytech.at; 08. 2008

33. : www.eoearth.org; 10. 2008

34. : www.stfi-packforsk.se; 11. 2008

Documents

Apodotiki Xrhsh Ths Energias Sth Biomhxania