APEX Report Kurung

7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________ 2

1.1 Background ___________________________________________________________ 2

1.2 Objective and Scope of the Sub-project ____________________________________ 2

1.3 Approach and Methodology _____________________________________________ 3

1.4 Methodology Adopted __________________________________________________ 3

1.5 Sub-project Area ______________________________________________________ 4

1.6 Climate, Topography, and Soil ___________________________________________ 4

2 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN _______Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1 Water Resources Assessment _____________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2 Crop Water Requirements _______________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3 Engineering System Design _______________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION ________________________________________ 7

3.1 Agriculture ___________________________________________________________ 7

3.2 Present Agriculture Practices ____________________________________________ 7

3.3 Present Agriculture Inputs ______________________________________________ 8

3.4 Future Cropping Pattern and Yields ______________________________________ 8

4 SOCIOINSTITUTION AND ORGANIZATION __________________________ 9

4.1 Introduction __________________________________________________________ 9

4.2 Beneficiaries Demand for the Sub-Project _________________________________ 10

4.3 Beneficiaries ad-hoc management Committee _____________________________ 10

4.4 Level of Cooperation / Enthusiasm among Beneficiaries _____________________ 10

4.5 Conflict and Management at Beneficiaries level ____________________________ 11

4.6 Needs for Training ____________________________________________________ 11

5 SUB-PROJECT COST AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS _____________________ 11

5.1 Analysis of Rates ______________________________________________________ 11

5.2 Abstract of Cost ______________________________________________________ 11

5.3 Cost Per Hectare ______________________________________________________ 11

5.4 Estimated Benefits ____________________________________________________ 125.5 Financial Analysis _____________________________________________________ 12

6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION _____________________________ 12

6.1 Conclusion ___________________________________________________________ 12

6.2 Recommendations _____________________________________________________ 13


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APPENDIXES

APPENDIX I WATER RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

APPENDIX II CROP WATER REQUIREMENT

APPENDIX III ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

APPENDIX IV COST ESTIMATION

APPENDIX V FARMERS REQUEST FORM

APPENDIX VI DRAWINGS

APPENDIX VII PHOTOGRAPHS


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11 IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN

11..11 BBaacckkggrroouunndd

11..11..11 CCoonntteexxtt ooffPPrreesseenntt SSttuuddyy

As a follow up action of agricultural development, strategy to increase agricultural production

by raising unit yield and expanding higher cropped area from available irrigable area. DOI has

initiated various irrigation schemes. DOI also taking loan assistance from various sources so

that irrigation facilities can be increased.

The Kurung Khola Non-convention I.P. is one of the projects requested by the user farmers. It

lies in Thumpokhara ward no.3 of Syangja district. The proposed command area of this project

is under level terraces with medium to intensely cultivated land. The slope of the command

area is between 50 to 200 with sufficient soil depth and is suitable for irrigated agriculture.

Currently, farmers are growing Early and Main Paddy, wheat, Maize, potato and a little amount

of vegetables.

This system has two sources one at the east side and the other at the west side named as

Kurung Khol and Kami Khola, but it needs to carry water by pipe line. The local farmers could

not build themselves due to economically and technical difficulties despite their genuine need.

The user of farmers of this area has been requesting the DIO for a long time for their initiation.

11..22 OObbjjeeccttiivvee aanndd SSccooppee ooff tthhee SSuubb--pprroojjeecctt

The main objectives of this project is to increase the agricultural yield in net 10 hectares of

fertile level terrace land by providing a reliable irrigation facility, as currently the agriculture

within this command area is based primarily on rain fed conditions. After the agriculture within

this completion of the project the living standard and their livelihood of people living within

this command area is expected to increase substantially. After the completion of the system,

agriculture yield is expected to increase by introducing improved cropping pattern, crop variety

and agricultural extension services.

The development of the project is envisaged with the construction of physical system,

improved agricultural practice with intensive agricultural extension services, appropriate O &

M practice at the hand of the users themselves and environment friendly utilization of land and

water resources.


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The project has been selected based on genuine demand of farmers and during this study,

peoples participation was very active and encouraging. The user farmers would be mobilized

by forming a Water Users Association in order to obtain their contribution during construction

as well as the O & M of the system. During this survey, people of the project area were found

eager to have a WUA for future course of action. In future, the WUA is expected to generate

local resources also to carry effective O & M of the system.

The available water to the project has been determined considering the present usage of water

from the same source. The design discharge of the project and the potentially irrigable crop

areas has been determined based on this available water.

The physical system has been designed considering the maximum utilization of local materials

and manpower, environmental impact issues and compatibility for easier O & M.

11..33 AApppprrooaacchh aanndd MMeetthhooddoollooggyy

11..33..11 AApppprrooaacchh

The primary approach adopted for conducting the study was to involve the beneficiary farmers

in all stages of the project development. The user farmers were consulted during the fieldwork

and the discussions were held in connection with the selection of the physical structures

including intake and the whole canal systems. After showing the pros and cons for the

investigation of water source, our technical team selected the site in such a way that most of the

people can get the advantage from this project. Moreover, existing and possible future cropping

patterns, institutional development and all the relevant future course of action required for

upliftment of livelihood of people were discussed in detail. Based on these discussions and

Terms of References provided by the department of Irrigation, the study was carried out by

NITP.

11..44 MMeetthhooddoollooggyy AAddoopptteedd

In order to carry out the study and arrive into logical conclusion, the survey team adopted the

standard research tools for data collection, interpretation and analysis. The methodology also

takes into account the Terms and Reference provided by DIO. The methodology adopted for

various phases of the study has been presented in following sections.


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11..55 SSuubb--pprroojjeecctt AArreeaa

11..55..11 LLooccaattiioonn aanndd aacccceessssiibbiilliittyy

The proposed irrigation project is located in ward no. 3 of Khelung Deurali VDC of Syangja

district, which is just south west of Putalibazar NP.

Geographically, the proposed project area is located in between latitude of 270 58 45 N and

longitude 830 44 30 E. The main road head to access for this project site is named as Sikre

Road head at Siddartha Highway which is 10Km all metalled road from Walling Bazar of

Syangja district and then about one and half Km of foot trail for walk to the site.

11..66 CClliimmaattee,, TTooppooggrraapphhyy,, aanndd SSooiill

11..66..11 TTooppooggrraapphhyy

Ecologically, this project area lies within the Hilly region of Nepal. The proposed command

area is almost terrace land with slope ranging between 5 to 20 degrees.

11..66..22 CClliimmaattee

The project area is situated at the altitude of about 800 m. above mean sea level. It has

relatively warm temperate climate. It is characterized by very cold winter and warm humid

rainy season. The rainy season starts from June and ends in September. During the rainy

season, monsoon originating in the Bay of Bengal delivers about 84 percent of the annual

rainfall. In the winter season, the north-west wind brings dry cold wind bearing little moisture

and accounts for remaining 16% of the total rainfall. The average annual rainfall in and around

the project area is 1768 mm. Estimated minimum temperature is around 7.52 0 C. which is in

January and mean daily maximum temperature is 29.35 0 C which is in May.

11..66..33 SSooiill

Soil of the command area of this project area consists mainly of humus clay and sandy Dumatclay. The soil depth is estimated to be about 50 cm to 150 cm. So, a wide range of agronomic

crops as well as horticulture crops like mango can be grown, if adequate irrigation facility is

made available.


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11..66..44 PPrreesseenntt SSoocciioo--EEccoonnoommiicc BBaacckkggrroouunndd

1.6.4.1Demography and Ethnic Composition

The project area constitutes ward no. 8 of Thumpokhara VDC of Syangja district of Gandaki

Zone of the Western Development Region.

There are about 30 households in the project area and the total population inhabiting in the

project area is 354 Out of total population, 55 % are male and 45 % are female. The following

table shows the ethnic group of this project area.

Ethnic Group:

Cast Households Population % Household

Brahmins 13 150 43.33

Kunwar 10 150 33.33

Dalit 4 45 13.34

Newar 3 9 10.00

Total 30 354 100

Living Standard

Primarily occupation of the people in the project area is agriculture and the populations

subsistence is on agriculture products, which is deficit for about three months approximately.

The farmers of this project are not only involved in agriculture but also to the business also.

Because, most of the beneficiaries live near the highway side and therefore, they are doing to

some benefits from the road also. About 25 % of the food grains used to be bought from local

market and some farmers grow vegetables and sell them to the nearest market.

1.6.4.2Land Holding and Tenancy

All most all of the households in the project area are land owners. There are no pure tenants,

who work as a labor force. The average land holdings of this project area are 3 Ropani. The

distribution of land among the people in the project area can be generalized in table 1.1 as

follows.


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Table 1-1 Land Size and Percentage of Land Holder

S.No. Land Holding Farm Size (ha) % of Land Holder

1 Land Less None

2 Small < 0.50 60

3 Medium 0.501.00 35

4 Large 1.001.50 2

5 Very Large > 1.50 1

1.6.4.3Livestock

An important sub-component of the farming system of the area is livestock. Farmers use farm

manure and the main source of manure is livestock. Due to scarcity of feeds and lack of market

for the livestock products, livestock in the area is limited to fulfilling household requirements.

Cows are kept in about half of the total numbers of households mainly for the production of

calves, manure and to some extent for milk while buffaloes are kept solely for milk. Goat and

chicken are kept for meat purpose and to generate cash income. An average distribution of

livestock in the project area is summarized in the table 1.2 below.

Table 1-2 Livestock Distribution

S.No. Types of Animal Per household1 Cow 1

2 Ox 2

3 Buffaloes 1

4 Goat 3

5 Sheep none

The main source of local fodder in the project area is grass, straw and tree leaves. Straw is

available in most of the households. As for the grass, people take cattle to the grazing land,river banks and the fields having no crops. People also use nearby forest to bring fodder for

their cattle.


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1.6.4.4Economic Activities / Credit Facilities

The project area can be accessed for about 1.5 Kms. of walk from the road head. The command

area is also accessible at about half an hour from road head. There are no such places of

economic activity in the command area itself. One has to go to the nearest market, that is

Walling Bazar, Galyang etc. or near of Siddartha highway for economic activities. The nearest

marketing place is at Sikre Bazar, Agriculture Development Bank, other Banks are available in

this place for credit facilities.

1.6.4.5Labour Availability

Labors like porter, Mason, Blacksmith, general labour etc. are available in the project area. No

seasonal labor shortage has been reported so far.

22 AAGGRRIICCUULLTTUURREE PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN

22..11 AAggrriiccuullttuurree

The main objective of irrigation development is to intensify vegetables farming by providing

soil moisture needed by the crops. After the development of the sub-project, the existing

cropping pattern has to be diversified with the vegetables and Paddy. To achieve this, the

extension services together with the inputs are needed to the farmers living in the project area.

However, this component is not included in the proposed estimate. It is envisaged that the

agricultural agency will launch agricultural program for fulfilling this agricultural objective.

22..22 PPrreesseenntt AAggrriiccuullttuurree PPrraaccttiicceess

The existing agriculture practice within command area is almost traditional. Due to the lack of

irrigation facility in most of the proposed command area, crops are dependent on rain only. As

a result of this only one crop maize with monsoon paddy are grown and yields are

comparatively low in comparison to other irrigated area. However, different types of crops can

be successfully grown with in the command area due to favorable topography, soil depth andclimate.


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22..33 PPrreesseenntt AAggrriiccuullttuurree IInnppuuttss

22..33..11 MMaannuurreess aanndd FFeerrttiilliizzeerrss

Organic manures is applied in the field in the form of Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Compost

making is not practiced effectively by the farmers. The quantity of manure added is also notadequate to meet the requirement of individual crops. Fertilizers and Farm Yard Manure

(FYM) are applied in almost all the command area. Fertilizer in use at present are Urea, DAP.

22..33..22 AAggrroo--CChheemmiiccaall aanndd SSeeeeddss

Agro-chemicals in the form of insecticides, pesticides and herbicides are very useful to protect

crops from harmful pest, insects and weeds. Most of farmers in this area are not familiar in the

usage of herbicides but, farmers spent some amount in pest control on their field. Almost all the

seeds of the crops are procured in Syangja.

22..33..33 EExxtteennssiioonn wwoorrkkss aanndd ootthheerrss

Extension works combined with proper input services are of vital importance in increasing

farm efficiency and crop production. The farmers at present are not able to enjoy all the

facilities of agriculture extension work, because of non-availability of irrigation water. The

farmers are reluctant to invest more in fertilizers, manure, agro-chemicals because they are not

certain that their investment will produce incremental benefits in the present situation.

Institutions like cooperatives, agriculture sub-centers, Banks etc. are not in the command area

but in Syangja.

22..44 FFuuttuurree CCrrooppppiinngg PPaatttteerrnn aanndd YYiieellddss

22..44..11 RReeqquuiirreedd IInnppuuttss

Agriculture inputs in the form of seed, manure and fertilizers, agro-chemicals are of utmost

importance to increase crop production. Beside this, there is a need of providing a well

coordinated support services to the farms by integrating those inputs with credit facilities andextension work. It is necessary to make available the inputs to the farmers on a regular basis to

increase the production of crops after irrigation.


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22..44..22 CCrrooppppiinngg IInntteennssiittiieess aanndd YYiieelldd

The proposed irrigation project seeks to intensify vegetables farming with an application of

integrated inputs along with the use of irrigation water. Farmers will be encouraged to use

agriculture extension services that are available in the near by Tansen, farmers will be

encouraged to practice optimum uses of agriculture inputs in consultation with Agriculture

related offices. Table 4.3 lists the estimated future yields of crop together with the inputs.

Table 2-1 Estimated Yield and Inputs

Crops

Seeds Fertilizer

(kg./Ha.)

N:P:K

Organic

manure

Doko

Yields

(kg./ha.)Kg/Ha. Rs./Ha.

Early Paddy 50 1250 40:30:30 1500 2900

Main Paddy 50 1250 40:30:30 1500 2900

Wheat 120 3600 40:30:30 1500 10000

Summer Vegetables 1000 20000 60:30:30 1500 10000

Potatoes 1000 30000 50:30:30 1500 10000

33 SSOOCCIIOO IINNSSTTIITTUUTTIIOONN AANNDD OORRGGAANNIIZZAATTIIOONN

33..11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

The success of an irrigation project will often depend on various socio-economic factors. The

idea behind the active participation and cost sharing by the users in the development of

irrigation system is to develop a sense of ownership among users and subsequent efficient

operation and maintenance by them so as to make the project sustainable and effective.

At present, the entire command area is suffered by lack of irrigation facilities. As a result the

cropping intensity is very low only one crops in a year and yield of that crop is also less than

average of the district. Therefore, the living standard of the farmers is low with less economic

activities. The production of the crops is not sufficient for fulfilling farmers demand. So thefarmers are compelled to buy food grains. To boost up economic status of the farmers cash

crops like vegetables farming is proposed.


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33..55 CCoonnfflliicctt aanndd MMaannaaggeemmeenntt aatt BBeenneeffiicciiaarriieess lleevveell

Beneficiaries in the command area are exposed to working in participatory approach. They

have worked together in constructing irrigation system contributing labor as well as cash in the

past and is expected to work in future also.. As the beneficiaries are used to working in

participatory approach, conflicts that may arise during any stage of implementation of project

can easily be solved by the management at thebeneficiaries level.

33..66 NNeeeeddss ffoorr TTrraaiinniinngg

Beneficiaries in the command area though exposed to participatory approach of development

activity are not experienced in it. They need strong awareness generating activities from the

DIO. Beneficiaries do not have experience in the construction activities, so they need

exposures to construction activities. They need training for proper and efficient operation andmanagement of irrigation system. Besides, these technical training, they need training on the

management aspect of the irrigation system.

44 SSUUBB--PPRROOJJEECCTT CCOOSSTT AANNDD FFIINNAANNCCIIAALL AANNAALLYYSSIISS

44..11 AAnnaallyyssiiss ooff RRaatteess

The analysis of rate has been prepared as per the departmentally approved Rate Analysis

Norms. All the material and labor rates has been taken as per approved district rates of Syangja

district for FY 2068/069. A copy of photocopy of such rates is attached herewith.

44..22 AAbbssttrraacctt ooff CCoosstt

Abstract of cost is prepared by compiling quantities of all proposed structures and multiplying

the compiled quantities by their analyzed rates. While analyzing rates, VAT and contractors

overhead cost has been included in the derived rates.

44..33 CCoosstt PPeerr HHeeccttaarree

As per detailed cost analysis, the financial cost per hectare (net command area 10 ha.) has been

calculated to be NRs 2,29,670.00 .


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44..44 EEssttiimmaatteedd BBeenneeffiittss

The detail description of the project benefits has already been presented in the relevant sections

of the agriculture chapter. In brief, the net agricultural benefit before the implementation of the

project has been estimated as NRs. 5,68,881.83. After the implementation of the project, the

estimated net agricultural benefit is NRs. 14,18,539.65 per annum. Thus, the net incremental

benefit after implementation of the project is NRs. 8,49,657.82

44..55 FFiinnaanncciiaall AAnnaallyyssiiss

The financial analysis has been done for a project life of twenty years. The total construction

cost has been proposed 40% for the first year and 60% for the next year..

It is assumed that the project benefits will start in the first year of operation. In the first year,

net benefit from the project is taken as 40% of the total estimated project benefits. Likewise the60%, and 90% of the total estimated project benefits has been taken in second, and third years

of the project operation respectively. In this way, in fourth year of operation, the project will

yield entire estimated benefits.

The operation and maintenance cost has been kept at 3% of the total construction cost for the

entire life of the project.

The B/C ratios are 2.27 at 10 percent and 2.00 at 12 percent discount rates.

The Economic Rate of Return (EIRR) of this sub-project is 25.64 percent.

55 CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONN AANNDD RREECCOOMMMMEENNDDAATTIIOONN

55..11 CCoonncclluussiioonn

Pond irrigation project is a new project. It lies in the mid hill region of the country. At present

only one maize crop and some paddy with a little of winter vegetables are cultivated. With theconstruction of this project, the proposed command area is expected to be provided with

irrigation facility round the year. Consequently, the agriculture yield will be increased

substantially and eventually, the living standard of the people living within the command area

will be raised.


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The user farmers have requested the proposed project by accepting the prevailing rules of

mandatory participation during construction and the responsibility of Operation and

Maintenance (O & M) after the completion of the project.

The total financial construction cost (with VAT 13% ) of the project has been estimated NRs.

22,96,700.00 and per hectare cost is NRs. 2,29,670.00 which is satisfactory in middle

mountain area. The internal rate of return 25.64 percent.

55..22 RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonnss

The need for implementing this project is adequately reflected here and the benefits arising is

also considerable. The project is technically viable and can be implemented with the available

know-how. In view of the above points and the location of the project, this project is

recommended for implementation under non-conventional irrigation system.


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APEX Report Kurung