7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
1/15
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________ 2
1.1 Background ___________________________________________________________ 2
1.2 Objective and Scope of the Sub-project ____________________________________ 2
1.3 Approach and Methodology _____________________________________________ 3
1.4 Methodology Adopted __________________________________________________ 3
1.5 Sub-project Area ______________________________________________________ 4
1.6 Climate, Topography, and Soil ___________________________________________ 4
2 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN _______Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Water Resources Assessment _____________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 Crop Water Requirements _______________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Engineering System Design _______________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION ________________________________________ 7
3.1 Agriculture ___________________________________________________________ 7
3.2 Present Agriculture Practices ____________________________________________ 7
3.3 Present Agriculture Inputs ______________________________________________ 8
3.4 Future Cropping Pattern and Yields ______________________________________ 8
4 SOCIOINSTITUTION AND ORGANIZATION __________________________ 9
4.1 Introduction __________________________________________________________ 9
4.2 Beneficiaries Demand for the Sub-Project _________________________________ 10
4.3 Beneficiaries ad-hoc management Committee _____________________________ 10
4.4 Level of Cooperation / Enthusiasm among Beneficiaries _____________________ 10
4.5 Conflict and Management at Beneficiaries level ____________________________ 11
4.6 Needs for Training ____________________________________________________ 11
5 SUB-PROJECT COST AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS _____________________ 11
5.1 Analysis of Rates ______________________________________________________ 11
5.2 Abstract of Cost ______________________________________________________ 11
5.3 Cost Per Hectare ______________________________________________________ 11
5.4 Estimated Benefits ____________________________________________________ 125.5 Financial Analysis _____________________________________________________ 12
6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION _____________________________ 12
6.1 Conclusion ___________________________________________________________ 12
6.2 Recommendations _____________________________________________________ 13
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
2/15
1
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX I WATER RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
APPENDIX II CROP WATER REQUIREMENT
APPENDIX III ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
APPENDIX IV COST ESTIMATION
APPENDIX V FARMERS REQUEST FORM
APPENDIX VI DRAWINGS
APPENDIX VII PHOTOGRAPHS
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
3/15
2
11 IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
11..11 BBaacckkggrroouunndd
11..11..11 CCoonntteexxtt ooffPPrreesseenntt SSttuuddyy
As a follow up action of agricultural development, strategy to increase agricultural production
by raising unit yield and expanding higher cropped area from available irrigable area. DOI has
initiated various irrigation schemes. DOI also taking loan assistance from various sources so
that irrigation facilities can be increased.
The Kurung Khola Non-convention I.P. is one of the projects requested by the user farmers. It
lies in Thumpokhara ward no.3 of Syangja district. The proposed command area of this project
is under level terraces with medium to intensely cultivated land. The slope of the command
area is between 50 to 200 with sufficient soil depth and is suitable for irrigated agriculture.
Currently, farmers are growing Early and Main Paddy, wheat, Maize, potato and a little amount
of vegetables.
This system has two sources one at the east side and the other at the west side named as
Kurung Khol and Kami Khola, but it needs to carry water by pipe line. The local farmers could
not build themselves due to economically and technical difficulties despite their genuine need.
The user of farmers of this area has been requesting the DIO for a long time for their initiation.
11..22 OObbjjeeccttiivvee aanndd SSccooppee ooff tthhee SSuubb--pprroojjeecctt
The main objectives of this project is to increase the agricultural yield in net 10 hectares of
fertile level terrace land by providing a reliable irrigation facility, as currently the agriculture
within this command area is based primarily on rain fed conditions. After the agriculture within
this completion of the project the living standard and their livelihood of people living within
this command area is expected to increase substantially. After the completion of the system,
agriculture yield is expected to increase by introducing improved cropping pattern, crop variety
and agricultural extension services.
The development of the project is envisaged with the construction of physical system,
improved agricultural practice with intensive agricultural extension services, appropriate O &
M practice at the hand of the users themselves and environment friendly utilization of land and
water resources.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
4/15
3
The project has been selected based on genuine demand of farmers and during this study,
peoples participation was very active and encouraging. The user farmers would be mobilized
by forming a Water Users Association in order to obtain their contribution during construction
as well as the O & M of the system. During this survey, people of the project area were found
eager to have a WUA for future course of action. In future, the WUA is expected to generate
local resources also to carry effective O & M of the system.
The available water to the project has been determined considering the present usage of water
from the same source. The design discharge of the project and the potentially irrigable crop
areas has been determined based on this available water.
The physical system has been designed considering the maximum utilization of local materials
and manpower, environmental impact issues and compatibility for easier O & M.
11..33 AApppprrooaacchh aanndd MMeetthhooddoollooggyy
11..33..11 AApppprrooaacchh
The primary approach adopted for conducting the study was to involve the beneficiary farmers
in all stages of the project development. The user farmers were consulted during the fieldwork
and the discussions were held in connection with the selection of the physical structures
including intake and the whole canal systems. After showing the pros and cons for the
investigation of water source, our technical team selected the site in such a way that most of the
people can get the advantage from this project. Moreover, existing and possible future cropping
patterns, institutional development and all the relevant future course of action required for
upliftment of livelihood of people were discussed in detail. Based on these discussions and
Terms of References provided by the department of Irrigation, the study was carried out by
NITP.
11..44 MMeetthhooddoollooggyy AAddoopptteedd
In order to carry out the study and arrive into logical conclusion, the survey team adopted the
standard research tools for data collection, interpretation and analysis. The methodology also
takes into account the Terms and Reference provided by DIO. The methodology adopted for
various phases of the study has been presented in following sections.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
5/15
4
11..55 SSuubb--pprroojjeecctt AArreeaa
11..55..11 LLooccaattiioonn aanndd aacccceessssiibbiilliittyy
The proposed irrigation project is located in ward no. 3 of Khelung Deurali VDC of Syangja
district, which is just south west of Putalibazar NP.
Geographically, the proposed project area is located in between latitude of 270 58 45 N and
longitude 830 44 30 E. The main road head to access for this project site is named as Sikre
Road head at Siddartha Highway which is 10Km all metalled road from Walling Bazar of
Syangja district and then about one and half Km of foot trail for walk to the site.
11..66 CClliimmaattee,, TTooppooggrraapphhyy,, aanndd SSooiill
11..66..11 TTooppooggrraapphhyy
Ecologically, this project area lies within the Hilly region of Nepal. The proposed command
area is almost terrace land with slope ranging between 5 to 20 degrees.
11..66..22 CClliimmaattee
The project area is situated at the altitude of about 800 m. above mean sea level. It has
relatively warm temperate climate. It is characterized by very cold winter and warm humid
rainy season. The rainy season starts from June and ends in September. During the rainy
season, monsoon originating in the Bay of Bengal delivers about 84 percent of the annual
rainfall. In the winter season, the north-west wind brings dry cold wind bearing little moisture
and accounts for remaining 16% of the total rainfall. The average annual rainfall in and around
the project area is 1768 mm. Estimated minimum temperature is around 7.52 0 C. which is in
January and mean daily maximum temperature is 29.35 0 C which is in May.
11..66..33 SSooiill
Soil of the command area of this project area consists mainly of humus clay and sandy Dumatclay. The soil depth is estimated to be about 50 cm to 150 cm. So, a wide range of agronomic
crops as well as horticulture crops like mango can be grown, if adequate irrigation facility is
made available.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
6/15
5
11..66..44 PPrreesseenntt SSoocciioo--EEccoonnoommiicc BBaacckkggrroouunndd
1.6.4.1Demography and Ethnic Composition
The project area constitutes ward no. 8 of Thumpokhara VDC of Syangja district of Gandaki
Zone of the Western Development Region.
There are about 30 households in the project area and the total population inhabiting in the
project area is 354 Out of total population, 55 % are male and 45 % are female. The following
table shows the ethnic group of this project area.
Ethnic Group:
Cast Households Population % Household
Brahmins 13 150 43.33
Kunwar 10 150 33.33
Dalit 4 45 13.34
Newar 3 9 10.00
Total 30 354 100
Living Standard
Primarily occupation of the people in the project area is agriculture and the populations
subsistence is on agriculture products, which is deficit for about three months approximately.
The farmers of this project are not only involved in agriculture but also to the business also.
Because, most of the beneficiaries live near the highway side and therefore, they are doing to
some benefits from the road also. About 25 % of the food grains used to be bought from local
market and some farmers grow vegetables and sell them to the nearest market.
1.6.4.2Land Holding and Tenancy
All most all of the households in the project area are land owners. There are no pure tenants,
who work as a labor force. The average land holdings of this project area are 3 Ropani. The
distribution of land among the people in the project area can be generalized in table 1.1 as
follows.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
7/15
6
Table 1-1 Land Size and Percentage of Land Holder
S.No. Land Holding Farm Size (ha) % of Land Holder
1 Land Less None
2 Small < 0.50 60
3 Medium 0.501.00 35
4 Large 1.001.50 2
5 Very Large > 1.50 1
1.6.4.3Livestock
An important sub-component of the farming system of the area is livestock. Farmers use farm
manure and the main source of manure is livestock. Due to scarcity of feeds and lack of market
for the livestock products, livestock in the area is limited to fulfilling household requirements.
Cows are kept in about half of the total numbers of households mainly for the production of
calves, manure and to some extent for milk while buffaloes are kept solely for milk. Goat and
chicken are kept for meat purpose and to generate cash income. An average distribution of
livestock in the project area is summarized in the table 1.2 below.
Table 1-2 Livestock Distribution
S.No. Types of Animal Per household1 Cow 1
2 Ox 2
3 Buffaloes 1
4 Goat 3
5 Sheep none
The main source of local fodder in the project area is grass, straw and tree leaves. Straw is
available in most of the households. As for the grass, people take cattle to the grazing land,river banks and the fields having no crops. People also use nearby forest to bring fodder for
their cattle.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
8/15
7
1.6.4.4Economic Activities / Credit Facilities
The project area can be accessed for about 1.5 Kms. of walk from the road head. The command
area is also accessible at about half an hour from road head. There are no such places of
economic activity in the command area itself. One has to go to the nearest market, that is
Walling Bazar, Galyang etc. or near of Siddartha highway for economic activities. The nearest
marketing place is at Sikre Bazar, Agriculture Development Bank, other Banks are available in
this place for credit facilities.
1.6.4.5Labour Availability
Labors like porter, Mason, Blacksmith, general labour etc. are available in the project area. No
seasonal labor shortage has been reported so far.
22 AAGGRRIICCUULLTTUURREE PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
22..11 AAggrriiccuullttuurree
The main objective of irrigation development is to intensify vegetables farming by providing
soil moisture needed by the crops. After the development of the sub-project, the existing
cropping pattern has to be diversified with the vegetables and Paddy. To achieve this, the
extension services together with the inputs are needed to the farmers living in the project area.
However, this component is not included in the proposed estimate. It is envisaged that the
agricultural agency will launch agricultural program for fulfilling this agricultural objective.
22..22 PPrreesseenntt AAggrriiccuullttuurree PPrraaccttiicceess
The existing agriculture practice within command area is almost traditional. Due to the lack of
irrigation facility in most of the proposed command area, crops are dependent on rain only. As
a result of this only one crop maize with monsoon paddy are grown and yields are
comparatively low in comparison to other irrigated area. However, different types of crops can
be successfully grown with in the command area due to favorable topography, soil depth andclimate.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
9/15
8
22..33 PPrreesseenntt AAggrriiccuullttuurree IInnppuuttss
22..33..11 MMaannuurreess aanndd FFeerrttiilliizzeerrss
Organic manures is applied in the field in the form of Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Compost
making is not practiced effectively by the farmers. The quantity of manure added is also notadequate to meet the requirement of individual crops. Fertilizers and Farm Yard Manure
(FYM) are applied in almost all the command area. Fertilizer in use at present are Urea, DAP.
22..33..22 AAggrroo--CChheemmiiccaall aanndd SSeeeeddss
Agro-chemicals in the form of insecticides, pesticides and herbicides are very useful to protect
crops from harmful pest, insects and weeds. Most of farmers in this area are not familiar in the
usage of herbicides but, farmers spent some amount in pest control on their field. Almost all the
seeds of the crops are procured in Syangja.
22..33..33 EExxtteennssiioonn wwoorrkkss aanndd ootthheerrss
Extension works combined with proper input services are of vital importance in increasing
farm efficiency and crop production. The farmers at present are not able to enjoy all the
facilities of agriculture extension work, because of non-availability of irrigation water. The
farmers are reluctant to invest more in fertilizers, manure, agro-chemicals because they are not
certain that their investment will produce incremental benefits in the present situation.
Institutions like cooperatives, agriculture sub-centers, Banks etc. are not in the command area
but in Syangja.
22..44 FFuuttuurree CCrrooppppiinngg PPaatttteerrnn aanndd YYiieellddss
22..44..11 RReeqquuiirreedd IInnppuuttss
Agriculture inputs in the form of seed, manure and fertilizers, agro-chemicals are of utmost
importance to increase crop production. Beside this, there is a need of providing a well
coordinated support services to the farms by integrating those inputs with credit facilities andextension work. It is necessary to make available the inputs to the farmers on a regular basis to
increase the production of crops after irrigation.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
10/15
9
22..44..22 CCrrooppppiinngg IInntteennssiittiieess aanndd YYiieelldd
The proposed irrigation project seeks to intensify vegetables farming with an application of
integrated inputs along with the use of irrigation water. Farmers will be encouraged to use
agriculture extension services that are available in the near by Tansen, farmers will be
encouraged to practice optimum uses of agriculture inputs in consultation with Agriculture
related offices. Table 4.3 lists the estimated future yields of crop together with the inputs.
Table 2-1 Estimated Yield and Inputs
Crops
Seeds Fertilizer
(kg./Ha.)
N:P:K
Organic
manure
Doko
Yields
(kg./ha.)Kg/Ha. Rs./Ha.
Early Paddy 50 1250 40:30:30 1500 2900
Main Paddy 50 1250 40:30:30 1500 2900
Wheat 120 3600 40:30:30 1500 10000
Summer Vegetables 1000 20000 60:30:30 1500 10000
Potatoes 1000 30000 50:30:30 1500 10000
33 SSOOCCIIOO IINNSSTTIITTUUTTIIOONN AANNDD OORRGGAANNIIZZAATTIIOONN
33..11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
The success of an irrigation project will often depend on various socio-economic factors. The
idea behind the active participation and cost sharing by the users in the development of
irrigation system is to develop a sense of ownership among users and subsequent efficient
operation and maintenance by them so as to make the project sustainable and effective.
At present, the entire command area is suffered by lack of irrigation facilities. As a result the
cropping intensity is very low only one crops in a year and yield of that crop is also less than
average of the district. Therefore, the living standard of the farmers is low with less economic
activities. The production of the crops is not sufficient for fulfilling farmers demand. So thefarmers are compelled to buy food grains. To boost up economic status of the farmers cash
crops like vegetables farming is proposed.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
11/15
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
12/15
11
33..55 CCoonnfflliicctt aanndd MMaannaaggeemmeenntt aatt BBeenneeffiicciiaarriieess lleevveell
Beneficiaries in the command area are exposed to working in participatory approach. They
have worked together in constructing irrigation system contributing labor as well as cash in the
past and is expected to work in future also.. As the beneficiaries are used to working in
participatory approach, conflicts that may arise during any stage of implementation of project
can easily be solved by the management at thebeneficiaries level.
33..66 NNeeeeddss ffoorr TTrraaiinniinngg
Beneficiaries in the command area though exposed to participatory approach of development
activity are not experienced in it. They need strong awareness generating activities from the
DIO. Beneficiaries do not have experience in the construction activities, so they need
exposures to construction activities. They need training for proper and efficient operation andmanagement of irrigation system. Besides, these technical training, they need training on the
management aspect of the irrigation system.
44 SSUUBB--PPRROOJJEECCTT CCOOSSTT AANNDD FFIINNAANNCCIIAALL AANNAALLYYSSIISS
44..11 AAnnaallyyssiiss ooff RRaatteess
The analysis of rate has been prepared as per the departmentally approved Rate Analysis
Norms. All the material and labor rates has been taken as per approved district rates of Syangja
district for FY 2068/069. A copy of photocopy of such rates is attached herewith.
44..22 AAbbssttrraacctt ooff CCoosstt
Abstract of cost is prepared by compiling quantities of all proposed structures and multiplying
the compiled quantities by their analyzed rates. While analyzing rates, VAT and contractors
overhead cost has been included in the derived rates.
44..33 CCoosstt PPeerr HHeeccttaarree
As per detailed cost analysis, the financial cost per hectare (net command area 10 ha.) has been
calculated to be NRs 2,29,670.00 .
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
13/15
12
44..44 EEssttiimmaatteedd BBeenneeffiittss
The detail description of the project benefits has already been presented in the relevant sections
of the agriculture chapter. In brief, the net agricultural benefit before the implementation of the
project has been estimated as NRs. 5,68,881.83. After the implementation of the project, the
estimated net agricultural benefit is NRs. 14,18,539.65 per annum. Thus, the net incremental
benefit after implementation of the project is NRs. 8,49,657.82
44..55 FFiinnaanncciiaall AAnnaallyyssiiss
The financial analysis has been done for a project life of twenty years. The total construction
cost has been proposed 40% for the first year and 60% for the next year..
It is assumed that the project benefits will start in the first year of operation. In the first year,
net benefit from the project is taken as 40% of the total estimated project benefits. Likewise the60%, and 90% of the total estimated project benefits has been taken in second, and third years
of the project operation respectively. In this way, in fourth year of operation, the project will
yield entire estimated benefits.
The operation and maintenance cost has been kept at 3% of the total construction cost for the
entire life of the project.
The B/C ratios are 2.27 at 10 percent and 2.00 at 12 percent discount rates.
The Economic Rate of Return (EIRR) of this sub-project is 25.64 percent.
55 CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONN AANNDD RREECCOOMMMMEENNDDAATTIIOONN
55..11 CCoonncclluussiioonn
Pond irrigation project is a new project. It lies in the mid hill region of the country. At present
only one maize crop and some paddy with a little of winter vegetables are cultivated. With theconstruction of this project, the proposed command area is expected to be provided with
irrigation facility round the year. Consequently, the agriculture yield will be increased
substantially and eventually, the living standard of the people living within the command area
will be raised.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
14/15
13
The user farmers have requested the proposed project by accepting the prevailing rules of
mandatory participation during construction and the responsibility of Operation and
Maintenance (O & M) after the completion of the project.
The total financial construction cost (with VAT 13% ) of the project has been estimated NRs.
22,96,700.00 and per hectare cost is NRs. 2,29,670.00 which is satisfactory in middle
mountain area. The internal rate of return 25.64 percent.
55..22 RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonnss
The need for implementing this project is adequately reflected here and the benefits arising is
also considerable. The project is technically viable and can be implemented with the available
know-how. In view of the above points and the location of the project, this project is
recommended for implementation under non-conventional irrigation system.
7/31/2019 APEX Report Kurung
15/15
14