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Library TutorialAPA Referencing Essentials 2019
Information Services [email protected] 1
APA Referencing Essentials
• Principles of APA
• How to reference books, journal articles & websites
• How to create in–text citations
What is referencing?
• A standardised way to acknowledge the work of others
You must reference in order to
• acknowledge the source of your information
• verify quotations
• enable readers to trace the original sources
• avoid plagiarism (Turnitin anti-plagiarism software is available at Moodle)
Plagiarism
Deliberate• Rewriting someone else’s
words in your own words without acknowledgement
• Copying and pasting without acknowledgement
• Buying, downloading, borrowing or copying an assignment
Accidental• Reusing material from one of your
assignments in a new assignment
• Confusion about• how/when to quote or paraphrase
• how/when to ‘cite’
• “common knowledge”
Common knowledge –
no reference needed
Maori people are the indigenous population of New Zealand.
Most children start school at the age of 5.
The longest river in New Zealand is the Waikato River.
Knowledge from someone else –
reference needed
According to the 2013 Census, 14.90% of the New Zealand people were Maori (Statistics New Zealand, 2014).
In Hamilton there are 15,000 school age children (Ministry of Education, 2013).
The Waikato River is 425km long (Waikato Regional Council, n.d.).
What is APA?
• The style of the American Psychological Association (APA)
• The APA publishes a style manual
• Perrin Pocket Guide to APA Style
• UOW Library Guides
• Quick guide to APA
• Comprehensive APA guide (online)
• APA video guides (on Library YouTube channel)
• QR code or www.waikato.ac.nz/library/study/referencing/styles/apa
APA Quick Guide
Look at your handout
Library TutorialAPA Referencing Essentials 2019
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In-text citations – see ‘in-text’ section APA Quick Guide
Book title CheckoutAuthor John WintersPublication Year 2013
In-text citations
Direct quoteWinters (2013) stated “the New Zealand consumers’ two major dislikes were house keeping, and supermarket shopping” (p. 27).
Indirect quote or paraphraseManaging a household and trips to supermarkets are among the least favourite activities of New Zealanders (Winters, 2013).
King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A life of Janet Frame. Auckland,
New Zealand: Viking.
MediaWorks NZ. (2014). NZSport. Retrieved from http://www.nzsport.co.nz/
Winters, J. (2013). Checkout: Revealing how and why New Zealand’s
supermarkets operate the way they do. Auckland, New Zealand: New
Zealand Trust Group.
A reference list
• Appears at the end of the work
• Is arranged alphabetically
• Provides full details for each source• Hanging Indent
The four elements of a reference
Leggott, M. J. (2014). Heartland. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press.
1. Author / Editor
2. Date
3. Title
4. Publication Information
(Country, City, Publisher, URL, Volume, Issue, Page Number)
Books
The title is ‘The Luminaries’
The author is ‘Eleanor Catton’First published by Victoria
University Press, 2013
A citation in APA style – Example 1 APA Quick Guide
Library TutorialAPA Referencing Essentials 2019
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A citation in APA style – Example 1 APA Quick Guide
• Family name first, initial for first name• (Date)
• Title in italics • Capitals – start of first word, proper nouns
• Full stop after each element
Catton, E. (2013). The luminaries. Wellington, NewZealand: Victoria University Press.
Author: Eleanor Catton
Publication Date: 2013
Title: The Luminaries
Publication info: Wellington, New Zealand by Victoria University Press
Referencing a book with subtitle and multiple authors– Example 2 APA Quick Guide
Barnes, G., & Gentle, I. (2011). Interfacial science: An introduction(2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
First city as place of publication
“&” joins authors or editors
Capital letter after a colon
More authors – See Quick Guide
Reference List
1) Adams, A.
2) Gentle, G., & Barnes, G.
3) Adams, A., Carter, C., & Barnes, G.
4) Carter, C., Adams, A., Barnes, G., & Davies, D.
5) Carter, C., Adams, A., Davies, D., Barnes, G., & Evans, E.
6) Evans, E., Adams, A., Davies, D., Barnes, G., Carter, C., & Ferrier, F.
7) Ferrier, F., Barnes, G., Carter, C., Adams, A., Davies, D., Evans, E., & Gentle, G.
8) Ferrier, F., Carter, C., Adams, A., Barnes, G., Davies, D., Evans, E., … Higgins, H.
Two Authors:Gentle and Barnes (2015) said…It is said… (Gentle & Barnes, 2015)
Three to Five:Adams, Carter and Barnes (2015) said… but it is also … (Adams et al., 2015)
Six and more:Evans et al. (2015) said…It is said… (Evans et al., 2015)
Exercise 1
Author Date Title Publication Information
James R Breiding (1958). Swiss made: The untold story behind Switzerland’s success. London: Profile Books.
Breiding, R. J. (2014). Swiss made – the untold story behind Switzerland’s success. London, U.K.: Profile Books.
Breiding, R. James (2013). Swiss made: the untold story behind switzerland’s success. London, United Kingdom: Profile Books.
• Look at the Library Search record• Choose one answer for each
element1) Author2) Date3) Title4) Publication Information
Answer to Exercise 1
Breiding, R. J. (2013). Swiss made: The untold story behind Switzerland’s success. London, United Kingdom: Profile Books.
• Capital letter after colon• Publication Information needs a country name. It
needs to be spelled out. i.e. United Kingdom.
Editions & edited books – Example 5 APA Quick Guide
“An edited book is a collection of articles or chapters written by different authors on the same subject” (Study.com, 2016, Edited Book)
Library TutorialAPA Referencing Essentials 2019
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Editions & edited books – Example 5 APA Quick Guide
Fraser, D., & Hill, M. (Eds.). (2016). The professional practice of teaching in New Zealand (5th ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.
Four Elements:
Editor D. Fraser & M. HillTitle: The professional practice of
teaching in New Zealand Published Year: 2016Publication Info: Melbourne, Australia by
Cengage Learning
Editions & edited books – Example 5 APA Quick Guide
Acknowledge:
chapter author(s): John O’Neillbook editor(s): D. Fraser & M. Hill book edition: 5th edition
Editions & edited books – Example 5 APA Quick Guide
Four Elements:
Author: John O’NeillTitle: Teachers and ethics Published Year: the same as BookPublication Info: the same as Book
Editions & edited books – Example 5 APA Quick Guide
O’Neill, J. (2016). Teachers and ethics. In D. Fraser & M. Hill (Eds.), The professional practice of teaching in New Zealand (5th ed., pp. 261-278). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.
O’Neill, J. (2016). Teachers and ethics. In D. Fraser & M. Hill (Eds.), The professional practice of teaching in New Zealand (5th ed., pp. 261-278). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.
Fraser, D., & Hill, M. (Eds.). (2016). The professional practice of teaching in New Zealand (5th ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.
Journal Articles Referencing journals– Example 9 & 9a APA Quick Guide
(1) With no DOI
Bladh, C., & Holm, H. J. (2013). Can economics explain where all-inclusive deals are offered? Tourism Economics, 19(2), 339-348.
(2) With DOI
Bladh, C., & Holm, H. J. (2013). Can economics explain where all-inclusive deals are offered? Tourism Economics, 19(2), 339-348.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.libw.2003.12.024
(3) Online
Bladh, C., & Holm, H. J. (2013). Can economics explain where all-inclusive deals are offered? Tourism Economics, 19(2), 339-348. Retrieved from http://project.nek.lu.se/publications/workpap/papers/WP12_5.pdf
Digital Object Identifier, assigned to scholarly publications
Library TutorialAPA Referencing Essentials 2019
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Referencing journal articles Referencing journal articles
Always required:1. Article author Dorothy L. Robinson2. Date (year only) 20153. Article title Health damage from current air pollution levels
Journal title Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health4. Publication details Volume 39, Issue 3, pages 208-209
and DOI (if available) 10.1111/1753-6405.12379
Exercise 2.1Which one is an academic journal article?
(a) Harvey, J. (2007). Municipal Wi-Fi comes to town. In S. Kleinman(Ed.), Displacing place : Mobile communication in the twenty-first century (pp. 35-46). New York, NY : Peter Lang.
(b) Wearing, S., & McGehee, N. G. (2013). Volunteer tourism: A review. Tourism Management, 38, 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.03.002
(c) Wilson, Z. (2014, May 22). Council acts now to limit legal highs. Wanganui Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/
Exercise 2.2Which one is correct?
(a) Kirkpatrick, K., and Villano, M. (2014). World without wires. Communications of the Acm, 57(3), 15–17. doi:10.1145/2567650
(b) Kirkpatrick, K. & Villano, M. (2014). World without wires. Communications of the ACM, 57(3), 15–17. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/citation.cfm?id=2567650
(c) Kirkpatrick, K., & Villano, M. (2014). World without wires. Communications of the ACM, 57(3), 15–17. https://doi.org/10.1145/2567650
• “&” joins authors. • A comma after initials of the authors• Keep original capitalization of Journal titles• Highlight the journal title and volume No. (underline or italics)• Don’t use URL for an article from a Library Database
Webpageshttps://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/why-climate-change-matters/evidence-climate-change
Title of the webpage
Date
Title of the webpage
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Corporate Author
Author: Ministry for the EnvironmentDate: 30 May 2018Title: Evidence for climate changePublication:https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/why-climate-change-matters/evidence-climate-change
Ministry for the Environment. (2018). Evidence for climate change? Retrieved from https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/why-climate-change-matters/evidence-climate-change
Do not add hypertext link
Ministry for the Environment. (n.d.). Evidence for climate change? Retrieved from https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/why-climate-change-matters/evidence-climate-change
Webpages – some common problemsNo date?
(n.d.) indicates no date
Evidence for climate change? (2018). Retrieved from https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/why-climate-change-matters/evidence-climate-change
Webpages – some common problemsNo author?
If you don’t know who wrote the material proceed with caution
Move the title to Author’s position
Ministry for the Environment. (2018). Evidence for climate change? Retrieved from https://www.mfe.govt.nz/
Webpages – some common problemsUnsure which URL?
Truncate the URL - Use the top domain’s URL, or the ‘home page’.
Ministry for the Environment. (2018). [Report on climate change]. Retrieved from https://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/why-climate-change-matters/evidence-climate-change
Webpages – some common problemsUnsure of title?
[ ] indicates it’s not the official title
Further Help
• Attend “APA Referencing for webpages” tutorial.• Critically evaluate websites and online publications
• e-books, e-journals, blogs, wikis, PPT lecture notes, emails, social media, etc.
• Library website for additional examples
Library TutorialAPA Referencing Essentials 2019
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Further Help
• Enrol in ‘Virtual Reference Desk’ in Moodle
• Information Services Librarian
• At an Information desk or • “Chat with a librarian”• Library video guides