1. In 1890, Jacob Riis vividly portrayed life in an American urban slum in his work?

a. How the Other Half Lives b. The Octopusc. Ragged Johnd. Maggie, Girl of the Streetse. My Slum Life

2. All the following are true of railroad expansion in the late 18th century EXCEPT that it a. opened new territories to commercial agricultureb. accelerated the growth of some older cities and create

new onesc. was financed by private corporations without

government assistanced. led to new managerial forms and techniquese. was often capitalized beyond what was needed.

3. Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late 19th century? a. It was controlled by immigrant socialists and

anarchistsb. It was confined to factory workersc. It was protected from employer harassment by

federal law and policyd. it was allied with the Democratic partye. It was involved in a number of violent strikes

4. Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late 19th century South? a. a major redistribution of land ownershipb. a diversification of cropsc. a cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant

farmersd. a rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum

production levelse. the termination of control exerted by White

landowners over former slaves

5. All of the following were objectives of W.E.B. DuBois EXCEPT a. the total enfranchisement of all eligible Black citizens b. the establishment of an organization to seek legal

redress of Black grievancesc. the establishment of Black political powerd. cooperation with White people in obtaining Black

progresse. the implementation of Booker T. Washington's

program for Black progress

6. In the late 19th century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by a. low tariffs b. natural disastersc. inflationary monetary policiesd. excise taxes on agricultural productse. discriminatory freight rates

7. Which of the following were the most persistent problem facing municipalities in the United States throughout the last quarter of the 19th century? a. decreasing municipal tax basesb. inadequate water and sewer systems c. deteriorating transportation systemsd. a decline in the number of manufacturing jobse. gang violence among unemployed youths

8. During the last decade of the 19th century, the primary use of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was s to a. break up business monopoliesb. regulate interstate railroadsc. protect American industry from foreign competition d. curb labor unions e. promote economic expansion

9. All of the following were reasons for the failure of the People's (Populist) party EXCEPT a. the radical nature of its program alienated non

farming interestsb. racism strained the coalition of poor White and Black

farmers c. the Democratic party co-opted some of the Populist

program and its constituencyd. Western and Southern farmers favored different

political strategiese. The prosperity of the early 1890s undermined

popular support for Populist economic reforms.

10. All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the New immigrants of the late 19th century EXCEPT that the immigrants a. practiced different religionsb. had different languages and culturesc. were willing to work for lower wages than were

native born workersd. were not familiar with the United States political

systeme. dominated the professions of law, medicine and

engineering

11. Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the 19th century?a. fewer poor people moved to the cities in the late 19th

centuryb. cities began to provide free medical care to those who

needed itc. doctors began to provide free medical care to poor

peopled. better transportation enabled more people to seek

medical care e. cities built better sewers and supplied purified water.

12. Helen Hunt Jackson's A Centuryo f Dishonor was significant because it aroused public awareness of the a. injustice of having taken land from Mexicob. the need for reforms in federal land policyc. wrongs that the federal government had inflicted on

the American Indiansd. hardships endured by Chinese laborers while building

the transcontinental railroade. plight of the share croppers in the Deep South

13. The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to a. assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of

American cultureb. recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of

American Indiansc. legally establish communal nature of American

Indian landholdingd. restore to American Indians land seized unjustly e. remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory

(Oklahoma)

14. Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act? a. it had little impact on the regulation of large

corporationsb. it quickly limited the number of mergers taking placec. it led to federal control of the railroadsd. it forced businesses to adopt pooling agreementse. it ended effective cooperation between business and

the federal government.

15. The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. the failure of the people's party in the 1896 electionb. massive immigration into urban areas that led to

higher prices for agricultural productsc. crop failures in Europe that led to an increase in

United States grain exportsd. in 1898 Yukon gold strike that increased the U.S.

government's supply of gold and eased farmers' access to credit

e. the absorption of the populists by the American Federation of labor

16. The United States' policy toward the Native American changed dramatically with the passage in 1887 of the Dawes Act, whicha. wiped out tribal ownership of property and granted

160 acres to heads of families.b. treated the tribes as independent nations. c. established new and larger reservations for all tribes. d. granted full citizenship to all tribal members.e. forbade selling alcohol or guns on reservations.

17. The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier shaped America bya. killing off many of the most adventurous

individuals. b. stimulating individualism, nationalism, and

democracy.c. direct government intervention.d. creating new opportunities for womene. demolishing Native Americans and profiteering

from the results

18. During the late 1800s, farmers supported free and unlimited coinage of silver mainly because they believed that it would lead toa. the establishment of government farm price supports.b. higher prices for farm products. c. the lowering of rates charged by railroads.d. lower prices for consumer goods.e. more development of the railroads for transportation

19. The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in thea. Battle of Little Big Horn.b. Battle of Potowanamie Creek.c. Dawes Severality Act.d. Massacre at Sand Creek.e. Battle of Wounded Knee.

20. The two factors that did most to stimulate rapid western settlement werea. the Homestead Act and the railroad. b. removal of the buffalo and Native Americans from

the plains.c. the gold rushes and the rise of the great cattle

kingdoms.d. the removal of the Indians and the gold rushes.e. barbed wires the continental divide

21. Which of the following is NOT true of the mining towns which developed between 1860 and 1890?a. were often abandoned after the mines closed.b. were predominantly settled by men.c. frequently suffered from lawlessness. d. developed town councils to settle disputes e. they had gambling and drinking as regular activities

22. Open-range ranching came to an end due toa. overproduction of beef and declining prices.b. federal support for irrigated agriculture.c. the range wars between cattlemen and sheepherders.d. increase in cattle production in the Midwest and East.e. fencing of the plains with barbed wire.

23. During the 1860s and 1870s, the Grangers carried out all of the following activities EXCEPTa. they established cooperatives.b. they forged a political coalition with organized labor. c. they supported political candidates sympathetic to the

farmers' needs.d. they disseminated information about new scientific

agricultural techniques.e. help with agricultural causes

24. One of the primary beliefs of the Farmers' Alliances was thata. individual competition was the most efficient means

of determining fair farm prices.b. the ratio of gold to silver should be 18 to 1.c. the railroads should be under state, not federal

control.d. too much power was in the hands of a few

corporations and financial institutions.e. they were undesirable in a democratic country

25. The Populists' subtreasury plan called fora. a new banking system in America.b. the government to advance credit to farmers for crops

stored in government storehouses.c. a new system of credit for all American workers.d. the government to eliminate the crop lien system in

the South.e. encourage reduced production of agricultural

products.

26. The "Gospel of Wealth," as advanced by Andrew Carnegie, promoted the concept that people with wealth shoulda. give aid directly to the poor.b. devout time to the public welfare.c. donate the bulk of their wealth to religious

institutions.d. use their resources to help society. e. risked only their own investment and were not

responsible for the debts of the corporation.

27. The Supreme Court in the United States v. Knight Companya. diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-

Trust Act by ruling that manufacturing was not interstate commerce.

b. declared the Granger laws unconstitutional because states could not regulate interstate commerce.

c. ruled that all trusts and monopolies in interstate commerce were illegal and could be broken up by the federal government.

d. held that employers could force employees to sign and abide by "yellow dog contracts."

e. entrepreneurs could now amass great sums of money for investment purposes.

28. The 1880s movement for the eight-hour working day is usually associated with which of the following labor organizationsa. the Teamsters Unionb. the Knights of Labor. c. the Industrial Workers of the World.d. the Congress of Industrial Organizations.e. the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union.

29. In the 19th century, railroads formed pools in order toa. share equipment and terminals for greater efficiency.b. fix prices and divide business for greater profit. c. inflate the value of assets and profits before selling

the stock.d. better serve farmers in remote rural areas.e. increase competition by dividing up large companies

into smaller ones.

30. The Haymarket bombing of May 4, 1886, was important to the labor movement because it(s)a. aroused public opposition against labor, contributed

to the decline of the Knights of Labor, and caused an increase in the membership of the AFL.

b. brought about the use of collective bargaining to settle labor disputes peacefully.

c. demonstrated to unskilled workers their vulnerability to strikebreaking actions.

d. began a tradition of federal intervention by U. S. troops.

e. execution was placed squarely in the Attorney General's hands.

31. The ideas of Social Darwinism allowed men of wealth, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, toa. justify the economic inequality that favored them

over the nation's poor.b. argue for more government intervention in dealing

with social problems.c. create more humanitarian programs for their factory

laborers.d. become more humanitarian in their declining years.e. occasionally turbulent, but most grievances were

dealt with effectively through collective bargaining.

32. Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Tammany Hall?a. industrial and business leaders.b. organized religion.c. poor urban immigrants. d. middle-class shop owners.e. wealthy rural landowners.

33. After 1890, increased immigration began to present a national problem becausea. unskilled laborers tended to concentrate in crowded

urban slums.b. contract laborers enabled employers to combat strikes

effectively.c. the American educational system could not absorb

the numbers of immigrant children.d. unskilled laborers could not become members of

labor unions.e. skilled laborers were essential to industry

34. Which of the following statements is LEAST true about immigration to the U. S. between 1880 and 1900?a. most immigrants were unskilled day laborers.b. immigration increased steadily during these years.c. immigrants tended to be Catholic, Eastern Orthodox,

or Jewish.d. Chinese immigrants were excluded by law during

most of these years.e. most immigrants came from northern and western

Europe.

35. In late 19th century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, the Supreme Court decided thata. the Fourteenth Amendment protected citizens from

private acts of discrimination but not from governmental acts.

b. racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities.

c. poll taxes and literacy tests were illegal.d. the civil rights clauses of the Fifteenth Amendment

were unconstitutional.e. working to develop a humanitarian form of

industrialism was a necessity to a democratic society

36. Which of the following characterized agriculture in BOTH the West and the South in the period 1870-1900a. Use of dry-farming techniquesb. Increased production c. Introduction of sharecroppingd. Raising crops for subsistence, not commercee. Raising prices for farm products

37. The outbreak of the Indian Wars of the 1870’s was caused by all of the following EXCEPTa. The U.S. government’s effort to isolate Indian tribes

on smaller reservationsb. The rejection of earlier treaties by young Sioux

warriorsc. The rush of gold miners into Indian landsd. Perceived failure of the U.S. government to honor

past treaty commitmentse. The division of tribal lands into individual farms for

tribal members

38. The chief cause of farm protest in the late 19th century wasa. The closing of the open range b. Overproduction of crops on the great Plainsc. Middlemen, trusts, and railroads d. The increased money supply and pricese. Increased competition from international sources

39. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is most closely associated with a. The expensive technologies involved in deep-shaft

miningb. Hostility to foreigners in western states c. Competition of a transcontinental railroadd. Farmers’ grievances e. Segregation and racial tensions in the South

40. As a result of the introduction of mass transit in cities?a. different social groups no longer lived close together b. working-class neighborhoods were broken apart.c. more mixed-use areas consisting of residences,

shops, and factories emerged.d. human resources were drawn inward toward the

central city.e. existing city government structures were so

disorganized and chaotic.

41. After the Granger laws ran into legal problems and were overturned in the case of Wabash v. Illinois, Congress attempted to provide relief through thea. Sherman Antitrust Actb. Interstate Commerce Act c. Graduated income taxd. Homestead Acte. Atlanta Compromise

42. President Grover Cleveland responded to the 1894 Pullman strike bya. intervening on the side of management b. offering to serve as a mediator.c. remaining uninvolved and doing nothing.d. intervening on the side of labor.e. eliminating health insurance plans

43. The New South movement promoted all of the following EXCEPTa. Tax exemptions to attract new industries b. Southern railroad systems integrated with the Northc. A more self-sufficient southern economyd. Social integration of the races e. Investment in manufacturing

44. The Supreme Court upheld “separate but equal” accommodations for public transportation in the case of a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Munn v. Illinoisc. Wabash v. Illinoisd. Dred Scott v. Sanforde. Brown v. Topeka

45. During the railroad expansion from 1860 to 1900, all of the following were true EXCEPTa. Numerous short lines were consolidatedb. Four transcontinental lines were built with

government helpc. Technical innovations made railroad the most

popular form of transportationd. No laws were passed to regulate the railroads e. The building of railroads was used by speculators for

quick profit

46. In the 19th century, railroads formed pools in order toa. Share equipment and terminals for greater efficiencyb. Fix prices and divide business for greater profit c. Inflate the value of assets and profits before selling

the stockd. Better serve farmers in remote rural arease. Increase competition by dividing up large companies

into smaller ones

47. Which of the following was not considered a proper function of government in the late 19th century?

a. Protection of private property with state or federal troops

b. Distribution of public lands to private corporationsc. Protection of American industry against foreign

competitiond. Use of court injunctions to stop workers strikese. Protection of workers from unfair labor practices

48. The U.S. economy in the late 19th century was characterized by all the following EXCEPT

a. Consolidation of business into trustsb. Technological innovationsc. Acceptance of unions and collective bargaining d. Growing concentration of wealthe. Control of industries by bankers

49. The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late 19th century most often

a. Favored corporations b. Favored labor unionsc. Avoiding cases involving labor disputesd. Protected consumerse. Supported government regulation of business

50. Social Darwinists would most likely to support which of the following?

a. Enforcement of the Sherman antitrust actb. Relief for the unemployedc. No regulation of business d. Guarantee of a living wage for workerse. Subsidies for farmers

51. The concept of the gospel of wealth is reflected in all of the following statements EXCEPT

a. Each man had a duty to become richb. Money should be distributed to the poor and the

homelessc. The wealthy had a responsibility to use their wealth for

the good of societyd. Wealth was Gods reward for a life of virtue and hard

worke. Philanthropy should support educational, health, and

religious institutions

52. Which of the following accurately describes a trend in American society in the 1880’s and 1890’s?

a. The middle class declined in numbers and influenceb. The percentage of women in the labor force decreasedc. Most married women worked to support their familiesd. The work place became more tightly organized and

structurede. The wealthy avoided signs of self indulgence

53. The most effective and enduring labor union in the post-Civil War eraa. Championed worker cooperativesb. Supported a broad program of social reformsc. Adopted socialist and anarchist ideas about

governmentd. Accepted both skilled and unskilled workers as

memberse. Focused on such goals as higher wages and shorter

hours for skilled workers

54. Which of the following was NOT true of the American Labor Movement in the late 19th century?a. Labor’s rights were protected by laws of congress b. A number of major strikes were defeated by business

and governmentc. Some unions tried to organize both skilled and

unskilled workers.d. Middle-class Americans often concluded that unions

were radial and violente. Immigrants were often used as strikebreakers

55. Which of the following is a correct statement about immigration from 1890-1914a. The number of immigrants declined because of

restricted quota lawsb. Most of the immigrants came from southern and

eastern Europec. Most immigrants of this period were readily accepted

because of their education and wealthd. Workers from Latin America were excluded from

immigrating by federal lawse. Labor unions supported the rights of Chinese

immigrants

56. Which of the following groups were NOT included among the new immigrants of the nineteenth centurya. Russian Jews escaping religious persecution b. Italian peasantsc. Greeks, Slovaks, and Polesd. Scandinavian farmers e. Unemployed Europeans seeking factory jobs in U.S.

cities

57. All of the following characterized America’s large cities in the last decades of the nineteenth century EXCEPTa. Outbreaks of deadly diseases such as cholera and

tuberculosisb. Transportation limited to the central business district c. Crowded tenementsd. Increasing segregation of social groups by incomee. Poor treatment of water, sewage, and waste

58. Which of the following were most likely to help immigrants adjust to city life in the late 19th century?a. Politicians from Tammany Hall b. Followers of social Darwinistsc. Members of the American protective Associationd. Lawmakers in Congresse. Employers in major industries

59. Settlement houses were characterized by all of the following EXCEPTa. Located in poor working-class and immigrant

neighborhoodsb. Staffed by college-educated, middle-class men and

womenc. Took little interest in legislative reforms d. Taught English to immigrants e. Helped to educate immigrant children

60. Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil?a. its corporate structure--known as vertical

integration--allowed the company to grow tremendously

b. its scientists developed processes for refining oil more efficiently.

c. it bought out the Erie Railroad in order to keep transportation charges low.

d. it was one of the first companies to invest heavily in advertising.

e. a gradual end to the wage system and the reorganization of society on cooperative principles

61. “This association of poverty with progress is the great enigma of our times… So long as all increased wealth which modern progress brings goes but to build up great fortunes…progress is not real and cannot be permanent.” The above statement was written bya. Dwight Moodyb. Anthony Comstockc. Henry George d. Charles W. Eliote. Carry Nation

62. Changes in education between 1865 and 1900 included all of the following EXCEPTa. Introduction of the elective system in some collegesb. Establishment of land grant colleges and universitiesc. Introduction of Kindergartens.d. Increased educational opportunities for women.e. Increased emphasis on classical curriculum

63. All of the following contributed to the growth of sports and entertainment in the late-19th-cantury EXCEPTa. Puritan ethic and Victorian values b. Improvements in transportationc. Gradual reduction of working hoursd. Bachelor subculturee. Advertising in the popular press

64. “Transportation being a means of exchange and a public necessity, the government should own and operate the railroads in the interests of the people. The telegraph and telephone, like the post office system, being a necessity for the transmission of news, should be owned and operated by the government in the interests of the people.”

The passage above is most likely from which of the followinga. The Interstate Commerce Act b. Grover Cleveland’s annual message to congressc. The platform of the republican partyd. The platform of the Populist partye. The Sherman Antitrust Act

65. During the Gilded Age, at the end of the 19th century, the question that received the LEAST attention from the Democratic and Republican parties wasa. Tariffsb. Regulation of big businessc. Money, Greenbacks, and silverd. Agrarian discontent e. Equality for women and minorities

66. The origins of the women’s rights movement in the U.S. may be traced to thea. Seneca Falls Convention b. Niagara Movementc. National Woman’s Party d. Temperance movemente. Outbreak of WWI

67. The economic policy that looked at colonies to provide raw materials, trade, and riches was calleda. Mercantilism b. Manifest destinyc. Gospel of wealthd. Dollar diplomacye. Imperialism

68. In his interpretations of the Constitution, Chief Justice John Marshall consistently stressed the importance of a. Individual rightsb. Balancing state and federal powerc. Establishing judicial reviewd. Strict constructione. A strong central government

69. With the Revolution of 1800, the Democratic-Republican and Thomas Jefferson gained control of the national government from the Federalists and a. Ended neutrality in foreign policyb. Repealed excise and whiskey taxes c. Eliminated the National Bankd. Restructured the Supreme Courte. Stopped debt repayment

70. “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” was the rallying cry by Americans in response to a. German submarine attacksb. Stamp Actc. British impressmentsd. XYZ affair e. Barbary pirates

71. Which of the following is a correct statement about Abraham Lincoln’s primary goal at the beginning of the Civil War? a. Emancipate the slavesb. Ensure federal supremacy over states’ rightsc. Maintain Republican party control of Congressd. Unite the North and the Weste. Restore the Union

72. Leading up to the Civil War, all of the following increased tensions between the North and South EXCEPTa. Attack on Senator Charles Sumnerb. Fugitive Slave Actc. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabind. Rise of the Know-Nothing Party e. John Brown’s Raid

73. Which of the following political developments during the age of Jackson did the LEAST to promote democracy?a. Party nominating conventionsb. “kitchen cabinet”c. universal manhood suffraged. popular vote for presidential electorse. rotation of officeholders and spoils system

74. Which of the following sources would be most useful In studying the development of religious freedom during the colonial period?a. Massachusetts Circular Letterb. Act of Toleration c. Halfway Covenantsd. Fundamental Orders of Connecticute. John Locke’s theory of natural law

75. “It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes.” In defending the rights of the common people during his first term, President Andrew Jackson used these words as part of a message regarding thea. Bank of the United States charter veto b. Nullification crisisc. Tariff of Abominationsd. Supreme Court’s Indian removal decisione. Maysville road veto

76. Reconstruction after the Civil War ended with thea. Presidential election of 1876 b. Impeachment of Andrew Johnsonc. Passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th constitutional

amendmentsd. Rise of the Ku Klux Klane. Passage of the civil rights act of 1866

77. One of the most important actions of Congress preceding the Civil War was the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, which resulted ina. Permitting popular sovereignty to decide whether

slavery was to be permitted in the territoriesb. Strengthening the Missouri Compromisec. Uniting the Democratic partyd. Increased support for Stephan Douglas’ campaign for

President e. Basic agreement between most northerners and

southerners

78. In the 1840s, President James Polk added territory and secured American borders though separate successful diplomatic negotiations witha. Mexico and Great Britain b. Mexico and Spainc. Great Britain and Cubad. Canada and Mexicoe. Spain and Great Britain

79. The issue that figured most prominently in the nullification crisis during Jackson’s presidency was a. States’ rights b. Slaveryc. Political party rivalriesd. Tariff fairnesse. Sectionalism

80. The greatest achievements of the government under the Article of Confederation was its establishment ofa. a bicameral legislatureb. a system for orderly settlement of the West c. general postwar prosperityd. long term section harmonye. a termination date for the international slave trade

E1) IF YOU WERE TO TAKE TWO APPLES FROM THREE APPLES, HOW MANY WOULD YOU HAVE? TWO APPLES

E2) MISS LED WAS STROLLING PAST THE SOUL-ACE HOTEL.

HARDY PYLE SAW HER THROUGH THE WINDOW AND RUSHED

OUT TO SAY HELLO. HE CALLED OUT AND WHEN MISS LED

TURNED AROUND AND WAVED, HARDY WAS 400 METERS BEHIND

AND WALKING IN HER DIRECTION. THEY EACH WALKED 200

METERS IN A DIRECT LINE, THEIR FACES TOWARD EACH OTHER.

AFTER THEIR 200 METER WALK, THEY WERE STILL 400 METERS

APART. HOW COULD THIS BE? MISS LED WALKED BACKWARDS

E3) SID SHADY WAS ACCUSED OF ROBBING THE SALTY DOG

TAVERN. SEVERAL WITNESSES DESCRIBED SID SHADY AND

EXPLAINED THAT HE WAS DRUNK WHEN HE ROBBED THE

TAVERN. SID SHADY EXPLAIN, "OF COURSE I AM DRUNK. I

HAPPEN TO BE A PROFESSIONAL WINE TASTER." THE DETECTIVE,

SAM SLUG, SAID "YOU ARE OBVIOUSLY LYING AND YOU'RE

UNDER ARREST." HOW CAN YOU ACCOUNT FOR SAM'S KEEN

SENSE OF DETECTIVE WORK? WINE TASTER SPIT

E4) SOLVE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION

(a-x)(b-x)…(y-x)(z-x)

ZERO [ANYTHING TIMES ZERO IS ZERO]EVENTUALLY (x-x) COMES UP