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AP Review #6. Medulla Oblongata- Pons- Cerebellum- Basal Ganglia- Thalamus-. Answers:. Medulla Oblongata- lower region of brain; regulates heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing rate, digestion, vomiting Pons- Bridge between cerebral hemispheres and medulla and cerebellum; arousal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AP Review #6AP Review #6
Medulla Oblongata-Medulla Oblongata- Pons-Pons- Cerebellum-Cerebellum- Basal Ganglia-Basal Ganglia- Thalamus-Thalamus-
Answers:Answers: Medulla Oblongata- Medulla Oblongata- lower region of brain; lower region of brain;
regulates heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing rate, regulates heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing rate, digestion, vomitingdigestion, vomiting
Pons-Pons- Bridge between cerebral hemispheres and Bridge between cerebral hemispheres and medulla and cerebellum; arousalmedulla and cerebellum; arousal
Cerebellum- Cerebellum- “little brain”; motor function; balance“little brain”; motor function; balance Basal Ganglia- Basal Ganglia- links thalamus with motor cortex; links thalamus with motor cortex;
reward and punishment learningreward and punishment learning Thalamus- “relay station”; vision, hearing, Thalamus- “relay station”; vision, hearing,
taste, skin senses, NOT smelltaste, skin senses, NOT smell
Anxiety Anxiety DisordersDisorders
Anxiety Disordersa group of conditions where the
primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety.
The patient fears something awful willwill happen to them.
Often called NeurosesOften called Neuroses
What is anxiety?•A state of intense
apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear.
Differs from normal day to day anxiety in that anxiety – or effort to or effort to control itcontrol it – begins to
take control and dominate life
Hey…that sounds like Hey…that sounds like me…right???me…right???
Generalized Anxiety Generalized Anxiety DisorderDisorder
• A person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal (cant relax)(cant relax)
• Anxiety is not tied to any particular object or situation
• Anxiety has a “free-floating” quality
The patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can’t
concentrate and may suffer from insomnia. - can lead to the more serious can lead to the more serious panic panic
disorderdisorder
Panic DisorderPanic Disorder• sudden bouts of intense
unexplained terror– Panic attacksPanic attacks– episodes of intense dread, chest
pain, choking and other frightening sensations
– People may think they are “going crazy”
– More than three in six months is cause for alarm
Can cause secondary disorders, such as agoraphobia or social phobiasagoraphobia or social phobias.
PhobiasPhobias• Irrational or excessive fears of particular objects
or situations– People recognize that fears are irrational, but still
avoid situations or objects– Three types– Social phobia, specific phobia, and agoraphobia
The Phobia List Link
Obsessive Compulsive Obsessive Compulsive DisorderDisorder
• characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions)(obsessions) and/or repetitive actions (compulsions).(compulsions).– Becomes OCD when it takes
control of our lives
Common Examples of OCDCommon Obsessions: Common
Compulsions:Contamination fears of germs, dirt,
etc. WashingImagining having harmed self or
others RepeatingImagining losing control of
aggressive urges Checking
Intrusive sexual thoughts or urges TouchingExcessive religious or moral doubt CountingForbidden thoughts Ordering/arrangingA need to have things "just so" Hoarding or savingA need to tell, ask, confess Praying
Explanations for Anxiety Disorders• Behavioral
– You Learn them through conditioning, observational learning, and reinforcement
• Evolution– fear based on earlier dangers to keep us alive
• Genes – passed on
• Physiology (the brain) – brains of those with anxiety disorders
actually function differently• Cognitive
– The way you look at the world or social situations (social phobias for example)
Post-traumatic Stress Disordera.k.a. PTSD
• Flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event.
• Memories of the event cause anxiety.