AP PSYCHOLOGY Review for the AP Exam

1) Monozygotic is to identical as ________________ is to fraternal.

3) David Meyers is to happiness as _______________________is to death and dying.

2) Perfect positive correlation is to +1.00 as ________________________ is to -1.00.

4) Latency is to 4 as anal is to _______.

dizygotic

perfect negative correlation

Elizabeth Kubler Ross

2

5) John Locke is to tabula rosa as _________________is to g factor.

7) Cocaine is to dopamine as nicotine is to ____________________

6) Freud is to psychosexual as Erikson is to ________________________.

8) Awareness is to lucid dreaming as _______________ is to latent dream.

Charles Spearman

psychosocial

acetylcholine

hidden

9) Alfred Binet is to IQ as ______________________is to EQ.

11) Hunger is to eating as ___________is to full.

10) Dysphasia is to the spoken word as _______________ is to the written word.

12) Blood pressure is to non-conscious as ________________________________is

to pre-conscious.

Daniel Goleman

dyslexia

satiation

something easily brought to mind

13) Height of a wave is to amplitude as waves per second are to ___________

15) Axis II is to personality disorder and Axis V is to _____________________________

14) JND is to ________________________ as MMPI is to Minnesota Multiphasic

Personality Inventory.

16) The cerebral cortex is to higher level thinking as ________________________

is to emotion.

frequency

just noticeable difference

global assessment of functioning

limbic system or amygdala

17) Somatosensory cortex is to parietal lobe as motor cortex is to ___________

19) Systematic procedures that cannot fail are to ___________ as time saving mental shortcuts is to heuristics.

18) Puzzle box is to _________________as Skinner box is to B.F. Skinner.

20) Dysthymia is to depression as hypomania is to __________________

frontal lobe

Edward Thorndike

algorithms

bipolar disorder

21) Bobo is to observational learning as visual cliff is to __________________

23) Radical determinism is to behaviorism as ________________________ is to the social-cognitive theory.

22) Automatic is to implicit learning as intentional effort is to ________________

24) Depression is to serotonin as schizophrenia is to ________________

depth perception

explicit memory

reciprocal determinism

dopamine

25) Sleep spindles are to ______________ as delta waves are to stage 4 sleep.

27) Resting potential is to polarization as action potential is to ________________

26) Type A is to aggressive as _____________is to relaxed

28) Prediction is to correlation study as cause-effect relationship is to

___________________

stage 2

Type B

depolarization

experimental method

29) Psychopath is to antisocial personality disorder as psychotic is to _____________

31) Natural observation is to description as correlation study is to ________________

30) Max Wertheimer is to Gestalt psychology as _________________is to Behaviorism.

32) Knowledge of how your memory works is to metamemory as knowledge of how

you problem solve is to ______________

schizophrenia

John B. Watson

prediction

metacognition

33) Sensory neurons are to afferent as motor neurons are to ___________________

35) Consistency is to reliability as accuracy is to ______________

34) Freud is to psychoanalysis as ____________________ is to depression.

36) GABA is to Huntington’s disease as ___________________________ is to

derpession.

efferent neurons

Gustav Fechner

validity

serotonin / norepinephrine

37) Occipital lobe is to vision as _________________ is to hearing.

39) The amygdala is to fear as _____________ is to memory.

38) Cerebellum is to little brain as homunculus is to ___________________

40) Physical stimulation is to sensation as interpretation is to _______________.

temporal lobe

little man

hippocampus

perception

41) Photoreceptors are to vision as _________________are to hearing.

43) Encoding is to memory as _____________ is to sensation.

42) Valium is to anxiety as Paxil is to _____________________

44) Variable-ratio is to slot machine as __________________ is to factory

piecework.

hair cells

depression

transduction

fixed-ratio

45) The MMPI is to objective test as the TAT is to ______________________

47) Tympanic membrane is to middle ear as cochlea is to _____________________

46) Cone is to color as rod is to ____________________

48) Self-actualization is to top as ___________________ is to bottom

projective test

black and white

inner ear

biological needs

49) Michael Gazzaniga is to split-brain research as _________________ is to id, ego, and superego.

51) Mid-life crisis is to middle adulthood as reassessment is to ________________

50) Id is to pleasure principle as ego is to __________________

52) Paradoxical sleep is to _______________ as manic-

depressive is to bipolar disorder.

Sigmund Freud

reality principle

late adulthood

REM sleep

53) Tree is to sky as ______________is to ground.

55) Bird is to concept as Robin is to __________________

54) Empathy is to _______________ as free association is to psychoanalysis

56) Infinite is to ________________ as 7 is to STM.

figure

Humanism

prototype

LTM

57) Stanley Milgram is to obedience as _______________is to cognitive dissonance.

59) The study of brain structures is to biological psychology as the study of mental illness is to__________________

58) James-Lange is to physiological first as ____________________ is to

simultaneous.

60) The Wright Brothers are to aviation as _______________ is to

psychology.

Leon Festinger

Cannon Bard

cognitive psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

61) Regulation of thirst is to hypothalamus as relay of messages is to _________________

63) MAOI is to monoamine oxidase inhibitor as SSRI is to _________________________________

62) Range is to measure of variability as mode is to ________________________

64) Long-term is to storage as acoustic is to _________________

thalamus

measure of central tendency

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

sensory

65) The removal of a chore is to ______________________ as the adding of a chore is to positive punishment.

67) A fast response rate is to ratio schedule as a steady/constant response is to _______________________

66) Expectations and knowledge are to top-down processing as the color and shape

are to _______________________

68) Max Weber is to Weber’s Law as ___________________ is to

the law of effect.

negative reinforcement

bottom-up processing

Interval schedule

Edward Thorndike

69) The conscious mind and the physical brain are to the mind-body problem as stage theories and continuous development are to the _______________________

71) Insomnia is to sleep disorder as ADHD is to _____________________

70) Perceptual experiences lacking sensory stimuli are to _______________ as false

beliefs are to delusions.

72) SRRS is to stress as the MMPI is to ___________________

stage continuity problem

hallucinations

developmental disorder

personality

73) Multifactorial is to biopsychosocial model as predisposition is to the _____________________

75) Collective unconscious is to Jung as inferiority complex is to ______________

74) Dydthemia is to mood disorder as PTSD is to __________________

76) Picture is to visual encoding as general meaning is to ____________________

dianthesis stress model

anxiety disorder

Adler

semantic encoding

77) Alfred Binet is to the bell curve as _____________________is to the forgetting curve.

79) Voluntary behaviors are to ___________________as involuntary behaviors are to classical conditioning.

78) Loss after trauma is to anterograde as loss for events prior to trauma is to

____________________

80) Aversive conditioning is to behavioral techniques as RET is to ___________________

Hermann Ebbinghaus

retrograde

operant conditioning

cognitive therapy

81) Cognitive maps are to latent learning as trains and tunnels are to latent _______________

83) Norepinephrine is to mood as endorphines are to __________________

82) Prefrontal cortex is to __________________ as the brainstem

is to vital functioning.

84) Formation of new memories is to hippocampus as coordinated movement is

to the _________________________

dream content

higher level thinking

pain reduction

cerebellum

85) Valium and xanax are to benzodiazepines as Zoloft and Paxil are to _____________________

87) The best of two desireable activities is to the approach-approach as the lesser of two evils is to ____________________

86) Robert Sternberg is to the triarchic theory of intelligence as _____________ is to the

triangular theory of love.

88) Optimal level is to arousal theory as rewards are to _________________

antidepressants/SSRIs

XXX

avoidance-avoidance

incentive theory

89) Experimental group is to treatment as __________________is to no treatment.

91) Structure of consciousness is to _____________________ as flow of consciousness is to functionalism.

90) Sticking to your guns even when proven wrong is to belief perserverance as only searching for a certain type of gun is to

_______________________

92) Troubles falling asleep is to insomnia as sleeping too much is to ______________

control group

confirmation bias

structuralism

hypersomnia

93) The study of human behavior is to psychology as the study of psychoactive drugs is to ________________________

95) The ACT is to aptitude test as the Advanced Placement Exam is to ____________________

94) Circadian is to “about a day” as hypnosis is to _____________________

96) Creating solutions is to divergent thinking as eliminating possibilities is to

____________________

psychopharmacology

sleep

achievement test

convergent thinking

97) Piaget is to cognitive as Kohlberg is to ____________

99) Generativity v. Stagnation is to _________________ as integrity v. despair is to old age.

98) Attachment is to Harlow as hierarchy of needs is to _____________

100) Paper and pencil are to the Stanford-Binet as blocks and pictures are to

_________________________

moral

Maslow

adulthood

Wechsler Scales/Test

101) Repeated is to reliable as accurate is to ________________

103) Social facilitation is to __________________________as social impairment is to reduction in performance.

102) The triarchic theory of intelligence is to Sternberg as

____________________________ is to Gardner.

104) Kleptomania is to impulse-control disorder as hypochrondriasis is to __________________________

valid

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Increase in performance

somotoform disorder

105) Phil Zimbardo is to prison as Wilhelm Wundt is to ______________________

107) Albert Bandura is to reciprocal determinism as _________________ is to person x situation (cognitive/affective theory)

106) Acquisition is to classical conditioning as alarm is to

______________________________

108) Medical concerns are to Axis III as __________________ are to Axis IV.

first laboratory

General Adaptation Syndrome

Walter Mischel

environmental concerns

109) Obsession is to thought as _________________ is to ritualistic action

111) Kinesthesia is to__________________ as vestibular sense is to sense of balance

110) Hue is to color as saturation is to __________________________

112) Light intensity is to different ___________________ as frequency is to

different pitch.

compulsion

purity

movement

brightness

113) Humanistic and psychanalytic are to insight therapy as ___________________ if to solution therapy.

115) Joseph Wolpe is to systematic desensitization as ___________ is to RET

114) Disorganized thoughts, hallucinations and delusions are to positive symptoms

as _____________ are to negative symptoms.

116) Toilet training is to anal stage as Oedipal complex is to ________________

behavioral and cognitive

flat affect

Albert Ellis

phallic stage

117) Place is to context dependent memory as ______ is to state dependent memory.

119) Specific and systematic procedures are to formal reasoning (deductive) as believability and availabilty are to ________________

118) Phineas Gage is to the frontal lobe as Clive Wearing is to the _______________

120) Association is to classical conditioning as reinforcements and punishments are to

________________________

mood

hippocampus

informal (inductive)

operant conditioning

121) Michael Gazzaniga is to biological psychology as Phil Zimbardo is to _________________

123) Chlorpromazine is to schizophrenia as lithium is to ______________

122) Acetylcholine is to Alzheimer’s as ________________ is to Parkinson’s.

124) Number of responses is to ratio as time passed is to ________________

social psychology

dopamine

bipolar disorder

interval

125) Fixed sequence independent of the environment is to maturation as permanent chance due to the environment is to _________________

127) Lateral hypothalamus is to start as ________________________ is to stop.

126) Fixed-action patterns are to the instinct theory of motivation as homeostasis is the

the _______________________

128) The phenomenological aproach is to the humanistic approach as the social-

cognitive approach is to ______________

learning

drive-reduction theory

ventromedial hypothalamus

behaviorism

129) Edward Titchner is to structuralism as ____________________ is to functionalism.

131) Compliance to social demands is to social role theory of hypnosis as split consciousness is to _______________

130) Manipulated variable is to ____________________ as outcome

variable is to dependent variable.

132) Mimic is to agonist as occupation/prevention is to __________

William James

Independent variable

dissociation theory

antagonist

133) Alcohol is to depressant as barbituate is to __________________

135) Learned helplessness is to rates as attachment is to ___________________

134) Dreaming is to REM sleep as sleepwalking is to ___________________

136) Avoidance of punishment is to preconventional as pleasing others is to

__________________

stimulant

stage 4

monkeys

conventional

137) Identity v. role confusion is to adolescence as industry v. inferiority is to ___________________

139) Martin Seligman is to ______________________ as Charles Darwin is to the theory of evolution.

138) Odds and evens are to split-half reliability as alternate forms are to __________________________

140) Jung is to Freud as ________________ is to Asch.

early childhood

alternate forms of reliability

positive psychology

Milgram

141) Hans Salye is to GAS as ______________________ is to WAIS.

143) Conversion disorder is to ___________________ as attack is to panic disorder.

142) Global and stable are to pessimism as specific and unstable are to

____________________

144) Free-floating is to ________________________ as attack is

to panic disorder

David Weschler

optimism

somatoform disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

145) Unconditional positive regard is to Carl Rogers as self-actualization is to _____________________.

147) Minimum amount of stimulus detected is to ___________________ as smallest difference between stimulti detected is to difference threshold.

146) Sense of smell is to olfaction as sense of taste is to ______________________

148) After-images are to the opponent process theory as television sets are to

_________________________________

Abraham Maslow

gustation

absolute threshold

Trichromatic Theory of color vision

149) Nerve deafness is to hair cells as ____________________ is to the middle ear.

151) Amplitude is to decibels as __________________ is to Hertz.

150) Light intensity is to ___________ as amplitude is to loudness.

152) Lengthy is to psychoanalytic as time-limited is to _______________________

conductive deafness

brightness

frequency

psychodynamic

153) Phenomenologists are to __________________as client-centered therapy is to person-centered therapy.

155) Remembering what you had for dinner last night is episodic memory as remembering how to ride your bike is to _________________________

154) Desensitization hierarchy is to __________________ as hierarchy of

needs is to Abraham Maslow.

156) Stimulus-response is to classical conditioning as response-stimulus is to

________________________

humanistic

Joseph Wolpe

procedural memory

operant conditioning

157) Neuroleptics are to psychotic as benzodiazepines are to _____________________

159) Breathing is to the medulla as waking to the alarm is to ____________________

158) Ridges of the cortex are to gyri as valleys of the cortex are to ____________

160) Pavlov is to classical conditioning as ___________________ is to

observational learning.

neurotic (anxiety/mood)

sulci

reticular formation

Bandura

161) Firm and punitive is to authoritarian as firm but fair is to _________________

163) OCD is to __________________ as bipolar disorder is to mood disorder.

162) Reasoning and problem solving are to fluid intelligence as specific knowledge is

to __________________________

164) Multiple personality disorder is to dissociative identity disorder as

_______________________ is to bipolar disorder

authoritative

crystallized intelligence

anxiety disorder

manic-depression disorder

165) Vestibular sense is to body position as somatic sense is to _________________

167) Pitch is to _______________ as loudness is to amplitude.

166) Max Weber is to sensation as Elizabeth Loftus is to _______________________

168) Distrust of others is to paranoid personality disorder as ideas of self-

importance are to _______________________________

touch, pain,temperature

memory (constructive)

frequency

narcissistic personality disorder

169) Interpretation of transference is to psychoanalysis as systematic desensitization is to ________________

171) Language is to left hemisphere as ________________________________ is to right hemisphere.

170) Interpretation of speech and written words is to Wernicke’s area as production of speech is to _____________________

172) Neuro transmitters are to the nervous system as ___________________ are to

the endocrine system.

behavior therapy

Broca’s Area

facial recognition, visual-spatial ability

hormones

173) Sympathetic system is to action as parasympathetic system is to _________

175) Unconscious wish fulfillment is to Freudian interpretation of dreams and synthesizing random neural firings is to _______________________

174) Long wavelength is to low frequency as short wavelength is to ______________

176) Marijuana is to hallucinogen as MDMA is to____________________

rest

high frequency

activation synthesis theory

amphetimine

177) Low sound frequencies are to frequency theory as high sound frequencies are to ________________

179) Instructions are to posthypnotic suggestion as memory loss is to _______________________

178) New interfering with the old is to retroactive interference as old interfering with the new is to __________________

180) Green is to red as ____________ is to blue.

Place Theory

proactive interference

posthypnotic amnesia

yellow