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IndustryAP Human Geography
Big Ideas
What is industry? What impacts did the Industrial
Revolution have? What regions are heavily industrial?
Sectors of the Economy
Primary sector (agriculture)- Ch. 10 Extraction of raw materials from the Earth Farming, mining, fishing, forestry Higher % in LDC’s than MDC’s, decreasing globally
Secondary sector (industry)- Ch. 11 Turn raw materials into useful products Food processing, manufacture of consumer goods Decrease in MDC’s; increase in LDC’s
Tertiary sector (services)- Ch. 12 Provision of goods and services in exchange for $ Retail, banking, education, govt, etc. High % in MDC’s
What is Industry?
The manufacturing of goods in a factory
Secondary sector Historically, major
source of jobs in MDC’s.
Shifting from MDC’s to LDC’s Impact of job loss in
MDC’s
The Industrial Revolution Industrialization- the
process by which industry develops in a country; shift from primary to secondary sector.
Begins mid to late 1700’s (18th century) in N. England/ S. Scotland
Diffusion to N. America/ W. Europe by mid-1800’s.
Rest of the world in 20th century.
Led to many social, economic, political changes. Higher income, better
healthcare, education, etc.
The Industrial Revolution New technologies (steam engine) increase
production…less reliance on animal/human power.
Shift from agricultural to industrial society People leave rural areas for urban…cities
grow rapidly! Industries impacted by the IR: iron, coal,
transportation, textiles, chemicals, food processing.
Overall, standard of living increases as a result of IR
Watt Steam Engine
Industry in Europe
Origin of the IR (Great Britain) United Kingdom
Steel, textiles High tech Rhine-Ruhr Valley (Germany, Belgium,
Netherlands) Iron, steel, railroads, armaments Port of Rotterdam
Mid-Rhine (Germany/ France) Consumer markets
Po Basin (Italy) Textile
NE Spain Textile, vehicles
Russia
Industry in North America IR spread to U.S. early to mid- 1800’s New England (Boston)
Textiles Middle Atlantic (NYC/ Philly/Baltimore)
Largest American market, entertainment Mohawk Valley (Buffalo)
Steel Pittsburgh/ Lake Erie (Pitt/ Cleveland)
Steel Western Great Lakes (Chicago, Detroit, Gary)
Steel, auto, food So California (LA)
Clothing, textile, furniture SE Ontario (Hamilton, ON)
Steel
Industry in East Asia
Japan (1950-60’s) Originally cut-rate goods…now highest
quality Cars, electronics, precision tools Tokyo/ Nagasaki/ Osaka
China Low-cost labor Textiles/apparel Household products Guangdong/ Hong Kong/ Shanghai/ Beijing