1) All of the following hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle EXCEPT: a) estrogen b) LH c) prolactin d) progesterone e) FSH 2) DNA contains all the following molecules EXCEPT: a) uracil b) guanine c) adenine d) deoxyribose e) phosphate 3) In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is: a) NAD+ b) O2 c) H2O d) NADP+ e) H2 4) All of the following statements are correct regarding alleles EXCEPT: a) A gene can have more than one allele. b) Two identical alleles are said to be heterozygous with respect to that gene. c) Alleles are found on corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes. d) Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene. e) One allele can be dominant and the other can be recessive. 5) The Krebs cycle in humans occurs in the a) intermembrane phase b) inner mitochondrial membrane c) outer mitochondrial membrane d) cytoplasm e) mitochondrial matrix 6) The part of the brain that controls involuntary actions is known as the a) thalamus b) cerebrum c) medulla d) cerebellum e) hypothalamus 7) A researcher performs a cross between 2 mice, both having black fur. Black fur is dominant over white fur. 75% of the offspring have black coats and 25% have white coats. The researcher can assume that the parents genotypes were most likely: a) BB x BB b) BB x Bb c) BB x bb d) Bb x Bb e) bb x bb 8) A feature of amino acids not found in carbohydrates is the presence of a) phosphorous b) nitrogen c) hydrogen d) oxygen e) carbon

9) Crossing over occurs during which of the following phases in sexual reproduction? a) Metaphase I b) Metaphase II c) Prophase I d) Prophase II e) Anaphase I 10) Which of the following are characteristics of both bacteria and fungi? a) cell wall, unicellularity, and mitochondria b) cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane c) nucleus, organelles, and unicellularity d) plasma membrane, multicellularity, and Golgi apparatus e) nucleus, RNA, and cell wall 11) The major difference between cartilage and bone is that cartilage a) is a type of connective tissue. b) lacks blood vessels and nerves. c) secretes a rubbery matrix. d) is composed of collagen and salts. e) is part of the skeletal system. 12) A macromolecule which consists of a polymer of amino acids. a) Glycogen b) Cellulose c) Protein d) Triglyceride e) Nucleic Acid 13) The stored form of sugar in humans. a) Glycogen b) Cellulose c) Protein d) Triglyceride e) Nucleic Acid 14) Lipid which consists of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol. a) Glycogen b) Cellulose c) Protein d) Triglyceride e) Nucleic acid 15) A substance that cannot be broken down by cows a) Glycogen b) Cellulose c) Protein d) Triglyceride e) Nucleic acid 16) The appendix of a human and the hipbone of a whale. a) Analogous structures b) Homologous structures c) Divergent evolution d) Convergent evolution e) Vestigial Structures

17) The lung of a reptile and the air bladder of a fish. a) Analogous structures b) Homologous structures c) Divergent evolution d) Convergent evolution e) Vestigial Structures 18) The spine of a sea urchin and the quill of a porcupine. a) Analogous structures b) Homologous structures c) Divergent evolution d) Convergent evolution e) Vestigial Structures 19) Net primary productivity in most ecosystems, is important because it represents the a) surplus energy generated by producers. b) total solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers. c) energy used in respiration by heterotrophs. d) energy available to producers. e) biomass of all producers. 20) All of the following are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT: a) increased heart rate. b) increase secretion of the sweat glands. c) dilation of the pupil. d) constriction of blood vessels e) increased peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. 21) Which of the following is a characteristic of arteries? a) They contain valves which prevent backflow. b) They carry blood away from the heart. c) Blood is kept moving by the contraction of voluntary muscles. d) They or thin-walled blood vessels. e) They always carry oxygenated blood. 22) Vitamins are essential to the human diet because they act as a) neurotransmitters b) enzymes c) cofactors d) hormones e) coenzymes ANSWERS 1. C 13. A 2. A 14. D 3. B 15. B 4. B 16. E 5. E 17. B 6. C 18. A 7. D 19. A 8. B 20. E 9. C 21. B 10. B 22. E 11. B 12. C