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Andrew Odlyzko
Traffic Growth and Network Spending:What’s Ahead?
http://www.dtc.umn.edu/~odlyzko
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Growth and Spending:
• Internet traffic continues to about double each year (growth of 70-150% per year) as it has ever since 1997.
• Revenues: undermined by overcapacity
• Costs continue moving to the edges – backbone transport a commodity
• Budgets increasingly dominated by personnel costs
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For each year, shows estimated traffic in terabytes during December of that year.
199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001
1.02.04.48.3
16.3?
1,5002,500 - 4,0005,000 - 8,000
10,000 - 16,00020,000 - 35,00040,000 - 70,000
Year TB/month
Traffic on Internet backbones in U.S.
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Usual pattern of large, well-connectedinstitutions: approximate doubling of trafficeach year
Note: Some large institutions report growth rates of30-40% per year, the historical pre-Internet data trafficgrowth rate
“Moore’s Law” for data traffic:
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SWITCH traffic and capacity across the Atlantic
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GB/day
1
10
100
1,000
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Traffic between the University of Minnesota and the Internet
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Typical enterprise traffic profile: Demolishes myth of insatiable demand for bandwidth and many (implicit) assumptions about nature of traffic
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Streaming multimedia vs. file transfers
• Predicted long ago
• Confirmed by Napster, . . .
• Want high bandwidth for faster-than-real-time
File transfer for local storage and transfer to other devices
the most natural evolution
We all have residential broadband (using conventional
definition of broadband) courtesy of U.S. Postal Service!
Current Internet costs do not threaten Blockbuster
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Multimedia file transfers a large portion of current traffic, streaming traffic in the noise
Internet traffic at the University of Wisconsin in Madison
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Sources of traffic:
Current (October, 2002) traffic on U.S. backbones:
100,000 TB/month
Very generous upper bounds on residential traffic:
60 M dial subscribers at 100 MB/month:
6,000 TB/month
15 M broadband subscribers at 2,000 MB/month:
30,000 TB/month
Thus business use (including employee personal use) dominates
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Distribution of Internet costs: almost all at edges
U.S. Internet connectivity market (excluding residential, web
hosting, . . . ) $15 billion/year
U.S. backbone traffic: 100,000 TB/month
Current transit costs (at OC3 bandwidth): $150/Mbps
Hence, if utilize purchased transit at 30% of capacity, cost for
total U.S. backbone traffic: $2 billion/year
Backbones are comparatively inexpensive and will stay that way!
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Dominant source of innovation: Users
WWW
Browser
Napster
The role of the Internet is to provide connectivity, not services!
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The popularity of email was not foreseen by the ARPANET's planners. Roberts had not included electronic mail in the original blueprint for the network. In fact, in 1967 he had called the ability to send messages between users “not an important motivation for a network of scientific computers” . . . . Why then was the popularity of email such a surprise? One answer is that it represented a radical shift in the ARPANET's identity and purpose. The rationale for building the network had focused on providing access to computers rather than to people.
J. Abbate, Inventing the Internet
The Internet succeeded by accident. Email,its “killer app,” was not among the originaldesign criteria:
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Internet bandwidth vs. potential fiber capacity
100,000 TB/month 300 Gbps
80–wavelength OC192 DWDM system 800 Gbps/fiber
Telegeography 2002: in mid-2002, highest capacity
Internet route (NYC – Washington): 140 Gbps
9/11 disaster reports: Verizon central office at 140 West Street
in NYC had capacity of 3.6 million VGE 200 Gbps
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Conclusions:
The Internet is growing vigorously, but spending isn’t
Problem: Overinvestment stimulated by business plans based on unrealistic expectations.
Need new business models based on providing services at the edges.
More data, analysis, and speculations at:
<http://www.dtc.umn.edu/~odlyzko>
