“TLDManagershaveadutytoservethecommunity.”

RFC1591

1ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,

March9,2010

JUNE,2000:.NUDomainbeginsusingthe

“*”ARRRecordinthe.NUzonefile(wildcardAddressResourceRecord).

2ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,

March9,2010

Whyusethewildcard?

ToservetheGlobal(non‐Englishspeaking)Internetcommunity(RFC1591),underestablishedInternetstandards(RFC1034)bygivinguserssimpleaccesstotheirownlanguagesandcharactersetsontheInternet.

3ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,

March9,2010

Limited“LocalLanguage”DNSsoluHonsin1999:I.Keywords:RegisteredUniformResourceIdenHfiers(URI)withbrowser‐basedplug‐ins– Netpia:KoreanKeywords(SHllacHve2010)– 3271:ChineseKeywords(terminated2008)

– CNNIC:Chinese“InternetKeyword”(acHve2010)– RealNames/Microso`:Alllanguages’Keywords(Terminated2002)

–  IDN‐S.Net:Chineselanguage,otherURIsICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,

March9,2010 4

AlternaHve“LocalLanguage”soluHonsin1999:II.DirectDNSso4waresupport:non‐standardDNSpatchessupporHngnaHvecharacters– CNNIC:LaunchedanaHonaltest–  JPNIC:Same

– KRNIC:Same– SomeArab‐languageccTLDoperators–  IDN‐S/Net:Terminateda`erIETFStandardsset

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 5

AlternaHve“LocalLanguage”soluHonsin1999:III..NUDomain’sMul=lingualWebAddress:– Developedin1999– MetallcurrentInternetstandards– LaunchedatICANNCairomeeHngin2000– Nobrowserplug‐inrequired– PrecursortoIETF’sIDNStandardsof2003(RFC3490,3491,RFC3492)

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 6

III.(ConHnued)

.NU’sMul=lingualWebAddressService:

FollowedIETFandW3Cstandards– ASCIIcharactersin.nuzonefile(STD13,RFC1034)–  WildcardARRpointstosingleIPaddr(RFC1034)

–  .NU’s“WebRedirect”atIPaddrreceivesnon‐ASCIIhostnamequeries,checksforaregisteredLLURLand,iftrue,findsconjoinedASCIIdomainname.

– LLquerymatchisredirectedtoASCIIURL(W3C)ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,

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MethodforServingURLswithnon‐ASCIIhostnames

InternetBrowser

TLDNameServersServingWildcardAddressRecord

Registry‐OperatedWebRedirector

CustomerOperatedWeb‐Server

DNSqueryforhostinUTF‐8,ISO‐8859,etc.

ReplydirecHngclienttowebredirector

HTTPrequestinUTF‐8,ISO‐8859,etc.

HTTPredirecttoASCIIwebsite

PlainASCIIrequestforwebpage

Webcontentdelivered

8ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,Copyright.NUDomain,March9,2010

WebRedirectorInternalLookupLogic

IteraHvetriallookupengine

HostnameLLRegistryDatabasekeyedinUTF‐8

UTF‐8transcoder

UTF‐8ISO‐8859‐1

XML

CP1250

Shi`‐JIS

BIG5

Etc.

9ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,Copyright.NUDomain,March9,2010

.NU’sMul=lingualWebAddressService:WhoDevelopedit?PaulMockapetris,SeniorTechnicalAdviser

Author,RFC1034andRFC1035;inventoroftheDNS;formerARPANetworkingProgramManager;formerChairof:theResearchWorkingGroupoftheFederalNetworkingCouncil,theIETFandtheIESG;formerIABmember.

CurrentlyChairmanandChiefScienHstatNominum.

MarcBlanchet,Manager,So`wareDevelopmentCo‐chair,IETFInternaHonalizedDomainNames(IDN)workinggroup(2000–2001);Author,RFC3491,“Nameprep:AStringprepProfileforInternaHonalizedDomainNames(IDN)”(2003).CurrentlyVice‐Chair,ISACCIPv6TaskGroupatICTStandardsAdvisoryCouncilofCanada,andPresident,Viagenie

BillSemich,ProjectDirectorFoundingmember,AsiaPacificTopLevelDomains(1998);member,IFWP(1998);iniHaldirector,APTLDiName(IDN)commilee(1998);foundingparHcipant,ICANN(1999,Singapore);iniHalmember,ICANN’sDNSONamesCouncil,Berlin(1999‐2000),FoundingMember,MINC;foundingmemberandcontributor,IETFIDNworkinggroup(2000‐2001);foundingmember,DotAsia,2004;workinggroupmember,ccTLDIDNFastTrackProcess,2008.CurrentlyPresident,.NUDomain.

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 10

.NU’sMul=lingualWebAddressService:ImplementaHonPhases:

PhaseI,1999–2003:ImplementaHon,iniHallaunchandongoingoperaHon.

Twostepprocess:

1.UserRegistersanASCII.nudomainname

2.Signsupfor.NUMLWebAddressserviceusingalocallanguagehostname

TypicalWHOISresponse: DomainName(ASCII):elnat.nu ConjoinedDomainName(UTF‐8):elnät.nu Recordlastupdatedon24‐Feb‐2003 Recordexpireson24‐Feb‐2004

Recordcreatedon24‐Feb‐2002

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 11

Example:PhaseI

Registra=onProcess

In2000

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 12

PhaseI

UserExample:OmVärlden.nu(Asseenbyuser)

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 13

≠≠≠

PhaseI

UserExample:OmVärlden.nu(ShowingURLFrame

RedirecHonSourceCode)

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 14

.NU’sMul=lingualWebAddressService:ImplementaHonPhaseII:

2004–2009:TransiHonalAdopHonofIETF2003IDNStandards. 1.NewIDNusersregisterasingle.nuIDNname.ASCII‐encoded“Punycode”domainnameenteredinto.nuzonewithdefinedARR. 2.LegacyuserswhohadpreviouslyregisteredanactualASCIIdomainnamearesHllsupportedviawildcardredirecttoLLHostname;ASCII‐encodedversionofLLHostnameisassigned,enteredinto.nuzone.FinaltransiHonoflegacycustomersatnextrenewal. TypicalWHOISresponseforLegacyuser: DomainName(ASCII):elnat.nu ConjoinedDomainName(UTF‐8):elnät.nu

ConjoineddomainPunycodeForm:xn‐‐elnt‐noa.nu Recordlastupdatedon24‐Feb‐2008

Recordexpireson24‐Feb‐2009 Recordcreatedon24‐Feb‐2002

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 15

≠≠≠

UserExample,PhaseII:Domäin.nu

(NewPunycodeRegistraHon,viewedonabrowserwithoutaPunycodeplug‐ininstalled)

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 16

≠≠≠

UserExample,

PhaseII:Domäin.nu

(NewPunycodeRegistraHon,

viewedonabrowserwith

apunycodeplug‐ininstalled)

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 17

.NU’sMul=lingualWebAddressService:FinalImplementaHon,PhaseIII:2010:TransiHoncompleted,onlyIETFIDNnamessupported

1.All.NUDomainIDNusersmustregisterorrenewasingleIDNname.

ASCII“Punycode”nameenteredinto.nuzonewithdefinedARR.

2.Wildcardremovedfromthe.nuzonefile.

TypicalWHOISresponseforallcurrentusers: DomainName(UTF‐8):elnät.nu

PunycodeForm:xn‐‐elnt‐noa.nu Recordlastupdatedon24‐Febr‐2010

Recordexpireson24‐Feb‐20011 Recordcreatedon24‐Feb‐2002

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 18

≠≠≠

Example,

PhaseIII:IDNRegistraHonProcess

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 19

≠≠≠

Example,

PhaseIII:.NUIDNregisteredonlyvia

Punycode,withoutwildcard

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 20

WHOISResult

ForLinköping.nu:

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 21

Conclusion:

.NUDomainIDNUsersHaveSuccessfullyTransiHonedtotheIETFIDNStandards,andtheWildcardIsNotNeededinthe.NUZone.

IDNHasComeALongWaySince1999!

ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,March9,2010 22

Summary:“IfoneofthecrucialvaluesoftheInternetisinternaHonalcommunicaHon,thenit's

onlyrightfortheInternettoaccommodatethedifferentlanguagesystemspeopleusetocommunicate.”

‐‐BillSemich,1999“.NUdomain’sdevelopmentofthisuniquenewnamingserviceisamajor

breakthroughintheglobalizaHonofInternetdomainnames.Maybeabitofrunningcodewillhelppushalongtheacceptanceofthestandards.”

‐‐PaulV.Mockapetris,2000“Thisisonlythefirststep,butitisanincrediblybigoneandanhistoricmovetoward

theinternaHonalizaHonoftheInternet.ThefirstcountriesthatparHcipate…aregoingtohelptobringthefirstofbillionsmorepeopleonline–peoplewhoneveruseRomancharactersintheirdailylives.”

‐‐RodBeckstrom,ICANNPresidentandCEO,2009

(abouttheccTLDIDNFastTrackimplementaHon)ICANN‐ccNSONairobiWildcardMeeHng,

March9,2010 23