“Solid Waste Management in cross-border rural and coastal areas of South Eastern European region”

1st Dialogue Platform

December 2015

Outline of National Assessment Reports

• Implementation of national policy and legislation at local level• Municipal SWM Plans

• Local regulations

• Key Waste Management Indicators:• Waste statistics and seasonal variations

• Service Standards

• Recycling and Recovery

• Economics

• Origins and migration of floating waste• Littering prone areas: rivers, canals, lake, beaches

• Transboundary impacts

Implementation of national policy and legislation at local level• National Waste Management Strategy and Plan and Law on Waste

Management in Albania / Kosovo / Macedonia calls for the development of solid waste management (SWM) plans and programmes

• The following municipalities have developed SWM plans and programmes:

Kukes Shtrpce Prizren Dragash Jegunovce Tearce

Municipal Waste Management Plan in place (yes / no)Yes, Regional

WM. plan

yes, Local waste

managment

strategy

Yes

WMP

Yes

Regulation

for WM

no no

Implementation of national policy and legislation for the District “Kukës”

• The reginal SWM plans establish the following indicators for monitoring of the implementation:

o Service coverage targets (organized waste collection provided to up to 80% inhabitants and businesses),

o Recycling targets

According to the W. Strategy , 2015 should be recycled or composted 25% of the amount of waste collected

and in 2020 the figure should reach 50% .

Therefore, in district of Kukes amount of waste to be recycled and composted by policies must be as follows:

3,570 tons by 2015 (1.902 tons of composted and recycled 1,668 tons)

7,725 tons by 2020 (4.130 tons of composted and recycled 3,622 tons)

o Joining an existing regional integrated solid waste management system in “2018” years, if applicable / investing in a regional sanitary landfill on the territory of the municipality

o Closing and remediating existing non-compliant municipal landfills and dumpsites in “2020” years

o Investing in waste recycling / recovery facilities (e.g. composting, sorting etc.)

o In the long term expected to be constructed landfill, transfer stations and centers for sharing recyclable waste andcomposting infrastructure for organic.

o There isn`t any municipal SWM plan

o With the new territorial division of municipalities of Kukes will develop local plans for their territory.

Service coverage

The collection and disposal of waste covers most of the territory of municipality (komuna )

Kukes and Bajram Curri about 94-95%,

Krumë about 56%

But none of villages in cities (bashki) Kukes, Bajram Curri and Krume, and therefore the average percentage of

coverage of this municipalities is 86% .

who do not benefit from this service are about 3,810 inhabitants mainly villages Krumë and about 1,592 residents in the

informal places of city Kukes and Bajram Curri

Kukes Municipality has about 140 waste bins 1.1m3 and 2 trucks , Bajram Curri 75 waste bins 2 trucks and Krumë have

30 and 1 truck . The physical condition of a handful of bins in all municipalities is bad, in Kukes 70% the Krume10% in

Bajram Curri about 60%.

As a rule, after the collection from waste containers the waste is transported to the respective landfills.

This process is carried out only by municipalities, the cities that offer the service have squares or place deposits

,temporary waste disposal.

Other rural areas have no waste collection system and therefore the bulk of their waste discharged into streams, valleys or

roadside, where recently discharged in river flows.

SITUATION IN TOURIST zones

In Kukes as tourist destinations are: - Valbona Valley Municipality Margegaj –

Shishtavec area. - Shishtavec municipality

In both these municipalities no waste management service. Waste is dumped in an uncontrolled manner, creating

numerous environmental problems

The current landfill for Urban waste and construction waste in the districts of Kukes

Closed landfill in the municipality Krume

Implementation of national policy and legislation for the “Prizren”Muncipalty

• The SWM plans establish the following indicators for monitoring of the implementation:

o Service coverage targets (organized waste collection provided to up to 78.9 % in urban zones and 52.6 in rural zones),

o indicators and Recycling targets

o years 2011 2014 2018 2020

o The rate of collection service coverage * 1

o 87.8% 100.0 100.0% 100.0%

o Collection rates

76.4% 85.0 87.9% 91.2%

o The scale of illegal disposal, * 3

23.0% 10.4% 2.8% 0.0%

o The final disposal rate * 4

o 94.4% 89.7% 87.0% 86.8%

o The recycling rate * 5

o 5.0% 7.1% 11.3% 12.8%

o The recycling rate for the total amount of waste generated is 5.0%.

o recycling activities carried out by the informal sector.

o Most recyclables collection shared by employees during the collection service.

o A private company has a waste disposal space for waste separation and issued 0.9% of recyclables by manual separation.

o Joining an existing integrated solid waste management system in “2016-2018 ” years, if applicable / investing in a regional sanitary landfill on the territory of the municipality

o Closing and remediating existing non-compliant municipal landfills and dumpsites in “2020” years

Promoting recycling

To start composting waste from the market by the private sector

To support recyclables separation carried out by private companies provider (s) collection service, etc.

To strengthen and make awareness activities with citizens

The reciklojë organic waste

• 5.0% of organic waste in urban areas to be divided by 2020. (currently 0.0%)

• 20.0% of kitchen waste in rural areas to be divided by 2020 (currently 1.0%)

• Waste from markets will be divided by 2015 and 50% of it will be composted by 2020 (currently 0.0%)

The collected recyclables

• 80% of metal to be collected by 2020 (currently 62.1%)

• 30% of the collected paper by 2020 (currently 18.7%)

• 30% of plastics collected by 2020 (currently 13.0%)

• 20% of bottles to be collected by 2020 (currently 7.8%)

Implementation of national policy and legislation for the “Dragsh ”Muncipalty

• Waste collection service is offered to about 64% of the villages (23 settlements out of 36),

• with 60 bin containers of 1.1m³ capacity

• • In Opojë/Opolje every village has access to waste collection services, in Gora/Gorë region only 3 out of 16 villages are serviced.

• • Those areas which are not served by municipal waste services therefore often dispose of waste in inappropriate ways (such as burning or dumping in informal landfills or rivers) which pose serious threats to human health and the natural environment.

• • Public-owned entity, the waste company (Ekoregjioni) operates in Dragash/Dragaš municipality, with its main operations base in Prizren. The company serves 2694 clients of different categories (private households, institutions, facilities, apartments, villages). On average only 59% of the bills are paid

• • The collection of waste from households, shops and institutions takes place without primary separation of waste, (organic waste, metal, glass, paper, or hazardous waste like batteries, medicines etc.)

• • Waste transportation does not undergo any preliminary treatment, so the collected volume goes straight to landfill. The only official landfill site in Dragash/Dragaš municipality is near Brezne/Brezna village, 12 km from Dragash/Dragaš town on the way to Prizren, in a place called “Trokon”. The monthly capacity of this landfill site is 20 tonnes.

• Waste collection services do not cover the whole municipality. The improper disposal of waste into the landscape, especially into the rivers, damages the environment.

Implementation of national policy and legislation for the “Dragsh ”Muncipalty

• Waste collection system to be established in the whole municipality

• To raise awareness of the proper disposal of waste in consideration of the natural environment

• Existing informal landfills near the villages and rivers should be treated

• To develop a new SWM and promote recycling systems for waste in order to create economic benefits and

.to save natural resources and to reduce the amount of waste

Implementation of national policy and legislation for the “Sterpce ”Muncipalty

Municipality has a local strategy for waste management but need to be updated and to be in complain with natinonal policy document and

legislation

Waste management in the municipality is done by Regional Public Company ,, PASTËRTIA ".

No landfill but transfer station in Ferizaj

According to the questionnaire received from the municipality the waste is transported 50km away from the collection area to the regional landfill in

Gjilan

Management capacity of municipal public services in the waste sector are not so satisfactory because the company owns a1 truck 9accorfing to

the data searched online). In the questionnaire received from the municipality it is stated that there is one tractor&trailer, 2 refuse trucks and one

skip truck.

Also facing with the problem of debt collection

Municipality has 21 settlements, of which 11 organized waste management.; According to the questionnaire there is 100% collection.

The main challenge represents the elimination of dumpsites.

Municipal plans are to have a proper organization of waste in all settlements of the municipality.

The municipality should have a better waste collection and start incentives for waste recycling

Rise awareness among stakeholders through various reports in the local media as well

To take actions of law enforcement through inspectors.

Implementation of national policy and legislation for the municipalities Jegunovce and Tearce, Republic of Macedonia

Waste Management Plans have a key role to play in achieving sustainable waste management that is in line with EU wastelegislation. Their main purpose is to give an overview of all waste generated (including imported, and by specific wastestreams) and treatment options for this waste. WMPs provide a framework for the following:Legal Framework Targets

• Compliance with waste policy and target achievementWaste management plans, national as well as local/regional, are important instruments contributing to implementationand achievement of policies and targets set out in the field of waste management at national and EU level.• Stocktaking of waste and capacity for managing itWaste management plans give an outline of waste streams from different sources and quantities to be managed.•Outline of needs and future developments•Waste management plans contain forecasts of future waste streams and the import and export of waste as well as theassociated needs for new collection schemes, recovery and disposal installations.•Outline for management of packaging waste•Outline for management of biodegradable waste•Information on general waste management policies and technological measures

LEGISLATION-REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

-National Waste Management -Strategy (NWMS) 2008-2020

-National Waste Management Plan (NWMP) 2009-2015-National Environmental Action Plan (2006)-National Strategy for Environmental Approximation-Law on Waste Management-Law on Environment-Secondary legislation regarding Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

WWW.MOEPP.GOV.MK

Current situation with waste management

in Republic of Macedonia (Tearce, Jegunovc)

• There is a private operator who serves the population in Tearce and Jegunovcemunicipality, working under contract

•The waste collection coverage is not sufficient. The exact service coverage is notknown.•There is proliferation of dumpsites along the roads and rivers;

•Some mapping of dumpsites has been done in the past; it requires updating

Common Problems in Polog Region

• Waste collection service restricted to urban areas; Significant portion of the population, particularly in rural settlements, notcovered with the existing service

• Waste containers and transportation vehicles used are obsolete, substandard, and too expensive to operate and maintain

• Waste disposal practices are at extremely low level, causing significant threat to human health and env. pollution• Current tariffs and fee collection efficiency cannot cover costs for SWM

• Recycling made only by private sector companies

• Low public awareness regarding the env. pressure caused

Waste Disposal Solution- Polog Region

Regional Landfill “Rusino”

• Existing landfill for Tetovo

• Former clay pit

• Area: 13.5 ha

• Available volume: 2.5 mill m3

• Access: new asphalt road

Implementation of national policy and legislation at local level• Regarding municipalities Jegunovce Tearce and urban waste mnagment is

organized by a private company and collection rate has been 65%-80 % in 2008; no update on the actual service coverage is known at present.

• Rural municipalities are composed of many villages and each village has created mini dumps

• there isn`t any local regulation

o Information to service users in terms of the types of waste collected by the operator waste collection frequency and timing?

o Information to service users on the waste segregation method ?

o Responsibilities of service users and service providers ?

o Applicable penalties for violations ?

Implementation of national policy and legislation at local level

• Summary of the implementation of municipal SWM plans and local regulations:o In Kosovo /Albanija “ Prizren and Kukes ” municipalities have adopted

municipal/ regional SWM plans;

o There are some indicators set to monitor and report on the SWM plan implementation in “Prizren, and Kukes ” municipalities

o There is a need to improve / adopt new SWM plans the SWM planning in the all municipalities:….

o In Albania / Kosovo / Macedoni municipalities have not adopted local SWM regulations;

oBasic necessary service standards are applied in “all” municipalities

o There is a need to improve / adopt new local SWM regulations in the all municipalities

Key Waste Management Indicators• Waste statistics and seasonal variations:

Municipality Populationkg/person/ day generated

total waste generated / municipality

service coverage (%)

total waste collected / municipality

total waste not collected / municipality

Kukes107,911 inhabitant

0.7 kg -1kg per day

8 ton per day, 40 % are organic waste

80 % urban and 60% rural

6 ton per day 2920 ton per year

Prizren 177,260 0.6kg

up to 78.9

% in urban

zones and

52.6 in

rural zones

Dragash 34,6590.4 kg/p/d 60%

Shterpce6,948 0,3 kg/p/d

60%

Jegunovce10790

80%

Key Waste Management Indicators• Service Standards

Municipalitytype of containers

type of refuse vehicles

Collection frequency

Primary waste segregation

Secondary waste segregation

Landfill name

Distance to the Landfill

Sanitary landfill (yes / no)

Kukes1.1m3metal

self-unloading

1 day per week

No yes Suka –

Mamëz5 Km No

Prizren1.1m3 metal

Isuzu 6,10 c3

1/week4/day no no

Landovica

7km yes

DragashShterpce

1.1m3 metal

Isuzu 6,10 c3

1/week4/day

no no12 km/16km yes/no

Key Waste Management Indicators

Municipality

Populationkg/tourist/ day generated

Number of tourists

90 days high season

total waste generated / tourists

% waste not collected from tourists

Kukes 107,911 people 0.9kg/t/d 8000-10000 May, June ,July 10 t 80%

Prizren 177,260 0.7kg/t/d 20000 June ,July, August 14 t 25 %

Dragash 34,659 0.6kg/t/d 3000June ,July, August /November 5t

50%

Shterpce6,948

0.6kg/t/d ?December, January

/February

Jegunovce/Tearce

10790/22,454

• Waste statistics and seasonal variations:

Key Waste Management Indicators• Recycling and Recovery

Municipality% primary recycling

% secondary recycling

% recycling at the landfill

total generated income from recycling

Kukes10% Metal, 3%plastic2%Wood

no no ?

Prizren is 5.0%. no no ?

Dragash 0.% no no no

Shterpce 0% no no no

Jegunovce/ tearce ? no no

Key Waste Management Indicators• Economics:

MunicipalityLiquidity of operators (yes / no)

Operations recovered only from the fees

Operations recovered by transfers from the municipal budget

Private Sector Participation (yes / no)

Operator is able to invest in the service upgrade

Kukes yes and Municipality yes yes yes

Prizren yes and municipality , donators

no yesyes

Dragash yesand municipality , donators

no yesyes

Shterpce yesand municipality , donators

no noyes

Jegunovce/Tearce

yes municipality yes noyes

Key Waste Management Indicators• Economics:

o Additional costs incurred to the SWM operators during high tourist season increases service volumes for 20 %

o In the following municipalities these additional costs are covered by either the revenue of the tourist tax or transfers from the municipal budget:

o these additional costs are covered by the municipal budget

o Additional costs incurred to the SWM operators in prizren due to cleaning up of illegal dumpsites created by population not receiving waste collection service is covered by Municipality

o Ecosystem services of protected areas endangered in the Sharra Mountain:

Origins and migration of floating waste

• Hotspots:

• Albania: rivers, canals, other locations…

• Kosovo: Lepenec River, canals, other locations…

• Macedonia: Jegunovce, illegal dumpsites…

• Transboundary impacts:

• Groundwater pollution, endangering water supply sources…

• Endangering biodiversity….