Anxiety Disorders 2011.12

7/31/2019 Anxiety Disorders 2011.12

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Phobia and OCD- what arethey?

Fear or phobia?

What are you scared of?

What do you have a phobia of?


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What separates a fear from a phobia?

What separates a phobia from otherpsychotic disorders?


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Agoraphobia Social phobia Specificphobia

Definition

Age of onset

Typicaltreatment


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What phobia?

James is 27 years old and finds itdifficult to leave the house.

David is 18 and feels anxious around his

peers. Could this lead to a phobia?

Jade has a panic attack when climbing thethird floor to science

Sam avoids leaving the house unless it is

the middle of the night.

Agoraphobia

Social Phobia

Specific Phobia

Social Phobia


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OCD

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

What is it?


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Write your own examples of OCDto test the class


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Janet thinks that her families health is indanger so she washes her hands 5 times

before leaving the bathroomDavid is worried that there will be anexplosion in his office. He turns thelight switch off before he leaves his

office.Chelsea has recurring thoughts that she

might harm her young child. In reality

she loves her child and is a good mother,but she is constantly plagued bythoughts that she might somehow losecontrol and attack him. Saying a certain

prayer 10 times a day calms her


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DSM criteria

HW- find the DSM criteria for OCD andphobias- quiz next lesson.


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Starter

Which phobia do

these picturescharacterise?

Why?


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Social phobic's fear the presence of orinteraction with other people.

Agoraphobia is the fear of open and

public spaces, in the presence orabsence of other people.


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(a) (i) If Colin goes into the town centre, he begins to feel faint andsweaty. He is terrified

that something awful is going to happen to him.

State whether or not Colin has a phobia. Justify your answer. (2marks)

[A02 = 2]

This is a phobia (1) plus justification such as an irrational panic

response (1)

(ii) Mandy is taking her pet dog for a walk, when a much larger dogruns towards her, growling. Mandy feels scared and her mouth goesdry.

State whether or not Mandy has aphobia. Justify your answer. (2 marks)

[A02 = 2]

This is not a phobia (1) plus explanation, eg the fear is not irrational .dogs can be dangerous


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IRRATIONAL RESPONSE

A fear is only a phobia when it isirrational and causes and individual tochange their lifestyle to avoid their

phobic stimuli.


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Preparedness theory (evolutionary)

Genetic explanation

Vulnerability
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/BD/images/genetics.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/BD/genetics.htm&usg=__diYm-OIbOOH5DdDByg-fbMC0YzI=&h=257&w=251&sz=18&hl=en&start=30&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=O3hxRg1JpqTg0M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgenetic%2Bpicture%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:*:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7SKPB_en%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18%26um%3D1


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Task 2. Match research from thetext book to support theseexplanationsAimMethod

ResultsConclusionWrite 2 AO2 comments for each

Task 1. Read the examples and match to thebiological explanations - explain why they

support.Use a separate side of A4 for each.


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Starter

Little Albert video


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Little Albert (Watson 1927)Classical Conditioning

Underline the US, UR, NS, CS, CR

Use the keywords to describe

the case study of Little AlbertAssociation

Classical Conditioning


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Skinner- Operant Conditioning

Reward and Punishment

Phobias- Maintained throughAVOIDANCE of the object orsituation

How was Little Alberts phobia

maintained?


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MOWRER (1939)

MOWRER (1939) combines classical andoperant conditioning

Phobias are acquiredby classicalconditioning

Maintained through operant conditioning.


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QUESTIONS

How does Mowrer (1939) explain

the acquisition of phobias?

Maintenance?

Apply Mowrers explanation toBagbys case study


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What do we know?

How does a behaviourist explainphobias?

Name 1 piece of evidenceHow does a biologist explain

phobias


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BEHAVIOURISTEXPLANATION

BIOLOGICALEXPLANATION


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COGNITIVE EXPLANATION

Conscious thoughts of people withphobias

Starter

What cognitions do youhave about these pictures?

How would they be different

For someone with a phobia?


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ARE YOU PREOCCUPIED WITH A

FEAR OF FEAR?


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Automatic negative thoughts

example?

Overgeneralising

example?


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Sensitisation

Avoidance

Negative self-talk/images

Phobias are developed andmaintained.

Task

1)Define the 3

terms IN YOUROWN WORDS

2)Apply each key

term to anindividual withagoraphobia


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Questions - from sheet and textbook

1) What did Beck (1963) suggest about thedevelopment of phobias?

2) What did Williams (1997) investigate?

How did he do this?3) Did Williams (1997) result support Beck?

Explain

4) What did Wallace and Alden (1997)conclude about social phobia? How wastheir study conducted?

5) Provide 2 AO2 comments for Williamsand Aldens study


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Q. Discuss the cognitive

explanation of phobias, refer to oneother approach in your answer


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TRUE OR FALSE

Specific phobia is a fear of spiders

Rational fears are defined as

phobiasAgoraphobia is a fear of social

situations

Social Phobia is a fear of outdoorplaces


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What would Freud say?

Conflict between Id, Ego, Super

Ego


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The Psyche (Personality)

Id:

Instincts

Superego:

Morality

Ego:

Reality


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Psychoanalysts theorise thatphobias are associated with

unconscious sexual fears, or idimpulses. conflict between the id, ego and

superego.Unconscious sexual fears may be

repressed or displaced. Thus the

fears appear to be irrational.The psychodynamic model is the

only perspective to suggest that

phobias have meaning.


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Sperling (1971) A fear of spiders is a

defence against more threateningimpulses of a sexual nature

Abrahams (1927) a fear of spiders issymbolic of an unconscious fear ofsexual genitalia


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nature nurtureacquisition of phobias

maintenance of phobiasresearch into phobias

(objectivity and validity)


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Q Does social learning theory fit intothe explanations of phobias?

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Anxiety Disorders 2011.12