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7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 141
ANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS
They have specific use and their
selectivity is very low
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 241
General information
bull Disinfectants are strong chemical agents that inhibit orkill microorganisms
bull Antiseptics are disinfecting agents with sufficiently low
toxicity for host cellsrarrcan be used directly on skinmucous membranes or wounds
bull terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores whenapplied to materials for appropriate times andtemperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 341
COMMONLY USED TERMSRELATED TO KILLING OF
MICROORGANISMS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 441
Antiseptic disinfectant and sterilant users should
be aware of their shortterm and longterm
toxicity since they may have general biocidal
activity and may accumulate in the environmentor in the patients or caregivers body
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 541
Disinfection
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit
or kill microorganisms surgical apparatus
periphery of the patient and the ob$ects used by
the patientDisinfection ampt is the application of chemicals to
destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate
surfaces
an be accomplished by application of chemical
agents use of physical agents ioni(ing radiation
dry or moist heat superheated steamautoclave
) 0983088
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 641
IDEAL DISINFECTANT
bull effective at room temperature
bull noncorrosive and nontoxic
bull inexpensive
bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all
pathogenic organisms
bull re+uire limited time of exposure
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 241
General information
bull Disinfectants are strong chemical agents that inhibit orkill microorganisms
bull Antiseptics are disinfecting agents with sufficiently low
toxicity for host cellsrarrcan be used directly on skinmucous membranes or wounds
bull terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores whenapplied to materials for appropriate times andtemperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 341
COMMONLY USED TERMSRELATED TO KILLING OF
MICROORGANISMS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 441
Antiseptic disinfectant and sterilant users should
be aware of their shortterm and longterm
toxicity since they may have general biocidal
activity and may accumulate in the environmentor in the patients or caregivers body
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 541
Disinfection
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit
or kill microorganisms surgical apparatus
periphery of the patient and the ob$ects used by
the patientDisinfection ampt is the application of chemicals to
destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate
surfaces
an be accomplished by application of chemical
agents use of physical agents ioni(ing radiation
dry or moist heat superheated steamautoclave
) 0983088
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 641
IDEAL DISINFECTANT
bull effective at room temperature
bull noncorrosive and nontoxic
bull inexpensive
bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all
pathogenic organisms
bull re+uire limited time of exposure
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 341
COMMONLY USED TERMSRELATED TO KILLING OF
MICROORGANISMS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 441
Antiseptic disinfectant and sterilant users should
be aware of their shortterm and longterm
toxicity since they may have general biocidal
activity and may accumulate in the environmentor in the patients or caregivers body
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 541
Disinfection
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit
or kill microorganisms surgical apparatus
periphery of the patient and the ob$ects used by
the patientDisinfection ampt is the application of chemicals to
destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate
surfaces
an be accomplished by application of chemical
agents use of physical agents ioni(ing radiation
dry or moist heat superheated steamautoclave
) 0983088
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 641
IDEAL DISINFECTANT
bull effective at room temperature
bull noncorrosive and nontoxic
bull inexpensive
bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all
pathogenic organisms
bull re+uire limited time of exposure
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 441
Antiseptic disinfectant and sterilant users should
be aware of their shortterm and longterm
toxicity since they may have general biocidal
activity and may accumulate in the environmentor in the patients or caregivers body
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 541
Disinfection
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit
or kill microorganisms surgical apparatus
periphery of the patient and the ob$ects used by
the patientDisinfection ampt is the application of chemicals to
destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate
surfaces
an be accomplished by application of chemical
agents use of physical agents ioni(ing radiation
dry or moist heat superheated steamautoclave
) 0983088
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 641
IDEAL DISINFECTANT
bull effective at room temperature
bull noncorrosive and nontoxic
bull inexpensive
bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all
pathogenic organisms
bull re+uire limited time of exposure
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 541
Disinfection
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit
or kill microorganisms surgical apparatus
periphery of the patient and the ob$ects used by
the patientDisinfection ampt is the application of chemicals to
destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate
surfaces
an be accomplished by application of chemical
agents use of physical agents ioni(ing radiation
dry or moist heat superheated steamautoclave
) 0983088
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 641
IDEAL DISINFECTANT
bull effective at room temperature
bull noncorrosive and nontoxic
bull inexpensive
bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all
pathogenic organisms
bull re+uire limited time of exposure
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 641
IDEAL DISINFECTANT
bull effective at room temperature
bull noncorrosive and nontoxic
bull inexpensive
bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all
pathogenic organisms
bull re+uire limited time of exposure
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 741
PROCESS OF DISINFECTION
revents infection by reducing the number of
potentially infective organisms either by killing
removing or diluting them
bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or
superheated steam autoclave )
01ampA2
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 841
ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with
sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they
can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds
ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy
most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 941
bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar
properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the
primary importance for antiseptics is the
selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The
degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can
change depending on the tissues they contact
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1041
Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections
bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds
bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms
bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are
open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical
personnel
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1141
STERILANTS
terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores
when applied to materials for appropriate times
and temperatures
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1241
The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the
sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and
surfaces
3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or
covered with disposable barriers
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1341
anampasin is the most important means of
preventing transmission of infectious agents
from person to person or from regions of high
microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection
456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975
8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5
D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1441
=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0
D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2
4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05
ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1541
TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED
0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt
0erpes implex gtirus types ) and
0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt
treptococcitaphylococci
ycobacterium tuberculosis
ytomegalovirus
some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores
seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1641
5ffective infection control protocols include
disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and
e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all
compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with
appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks
gloves and eye protection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1741
CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins
Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell
Those that interfere with specific metabolic
processes
bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms
bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing
the cell
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1841
MECANISM OF ACTION
henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic
compounds denature proteins and D7A bases
ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of
en(yme coen(yme and metabolites
9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules
in the microorganisms
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 1941
ALOGENS
bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis
bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive
bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2041
IODINE
Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B
ethanol to ) m2
owerful antiseptic for intact skin should
avoid contact with mucosas an cause
serious hypersensitivity reactions staining
of skin and dressing can happen and this
limits its use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2141
ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating
less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone
surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants
=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use
ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and
disrupts the structure and function of these
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2241
CLORINE
hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric
acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach
B are bactericidal and effective
disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This
is the concentration recommended for
disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made
with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2341
ppm kills vegetative bacteria
ppm is needed to kill spores
)) ppm is tuberculocidal
) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h
ppm kills fungal spores
ppm inactivate viruses
09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2441
ALCOOLS
5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria
They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum
Drarralcohol based hand rubs
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2541
They are flammable and must be stored in cool
and well ventilated places
They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied
therefore instruments that will be used in the eye
must be free of alcohol before use
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2641
ALDEYDES
KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for
instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure
ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2741
ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly
irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and
eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of
its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of
formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when
used as a disinfectant is significant 90A
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2841
6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not
significantly affected by the presence of organic
material and is relatively nonirritating
nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are
bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal
5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can
cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure
to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is
important to use it only in well ventilated areas
and never using it as a surface disinfectant
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 2941
O)IDIING AGENTS
0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured
skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective
oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher
concentrations are sporicidal
Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons
for milk or $uice
)B conc is sporicidal
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3041
PENOLS
henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no
longer used even as a disinfectant because of
its corrosive effect on tissues and its
carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar
distillates etc can be used kin absorption and
skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives
Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease
the activity of these compounds
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3141
bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate
lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors
beds countertops and benchtops
bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes
bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic
effects
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3241
Clore+iine
hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical
scrubs
ampt is highly effective against grampositive
organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses
spore germination is also inhibited trongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes
leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3341
8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an
antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci
and less active against grampositive and gramnegative
rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly
adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic
proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic
material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers
soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle
ear causes sensorineural deafness
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3441
SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS
These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons
ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle
bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to
inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane
etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat
remedies
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3541
They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in
blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops
cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic
detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and
bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are
used as saniti(ers in food production facilities
olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form
for acanthamoeba keratitis
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3641
EAY METALS
ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was
commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing
and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the
newborn
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3741
ercury is an environmental ha(ard however
thiomersal )LB is still used as a
preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune
sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens
alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid
orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also
used
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3841
Steriliation
bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms
bull Dry heat
bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases
bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 3941
1ou have to accept and treat every patient as
potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk
of infection
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4041
Te rose of infection controlrorams
bull to treat every patient and instrument as
capable of transmitting infectious disease
bull to protect patients and healthcare workers
from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic
microorganisms to levels where patients normal
defence mechanisms can prevent infection
bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate
cross contamination
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS
7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullantiseptik-dan-desinfektan9ppt 4141
ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS