Anthropological Foundation of Education

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Anthropological

Foundation of Education

Rhea Angel


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Anthropology

Greek word Anthrope - man + logy -study= Science of man/ study of mankind

-science that treats the origin,development (physical, intellectual,

moral, etc.) and particularly thecultural development, customs,beliefs, etc of man.


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Branches of Anthropology

AnthropologyPhysical

anthropology

Man asbiological

animal

Cultural anthropology

Linguistics

(Analysis of Language

)

Archaeolo

gy

EthnologyPeoples cultures and

Behaviours

Social

Anthropology(Development of

scientificgeneralizationsabout a culture,

society or personality in a

Ethnology (Scientific

descriptionand

classificationsof racial

groups of mankind)


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Of What use is Anthropology?

Reduces ethnocentrism

Contributes toeducation

Programs of aid in the military, economicand political fields are evaluated through


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Cultural Anthropology

Focused on the study of culturalvariation among humans, collectingdata about the impact of global

economic and political processes onlocal cultural realities.deals with mans behavior and withways human beings carry out theactivities of daily living. The diversityof human behavior is seen in: foodhabits, ways food is cooked, habits of dress and ornaments and relationswith in-laws


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culture

Dressler- a social heritage, transmittedfrom one generation to another andshared.

Consists of the sum total skills, beliefs,knowledge, arts, laws, morals,customs and products that are

commonly shared by a number of people and transmitted to their children.


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a. Dynamism

Static-Emphasizes culturaltransmission

Eg. The same culture is passed fromone generation to generation

Dynamic- emphasizes change It goes through revision with each

generation


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b. CharacteristicsLearned- because of our intellect andwill Varied- Because our social and physical

nature varies from one place to another.

Group product because culture consists of group habits

Transmitted- because we are heir to our social tradition


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c. Stability

Culture issatisfying thegroup

stable

If culture doesntsatisfy the group

when violent conflictoccurs before

changes are made

unstable


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d. Form

tangible House, tools

etc .Material

symbolic Folkways,custo

ms, sentiments,mores

Nonmaterial


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e. Components

ValuesIdea of right of

wrong

BeliefsView of reality shared

by a group

Behaviours Are observable

patterns of behavior

NormsRange of permissiblebehaviour established

by the group


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f. Functions of culture

Communication Value standards

Approved behaviours

Survival skills and knowledge

Identity and belonging


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g. Universal pattern

For example emotions and emotionalexpressions are common across allcultures so we all cry when we are sad

and laugh when we are happy. Wealso have common attitudes andopinions such as supportive views

towards honesty and we universallydetest crime.


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Universal pattern

Keesing - language is a vocalsymbolism of speech, with its relatedbodily gestures and mechanicalsignals which give precision andfinesse to communication.

Beals and Hoijer - a way of speaking,distinct in every culture.

Language and Speech


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Language and speech

Total languages spoken bet. 120-175. We have 80languages which are Malayo Polynesian Language(southeast asia)-Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, etc.

Since 1938, our government hadestablished a national language which isTagalog. English is still our universal

language.50% of the population speaks English and a nativelanguage while for the educated Filipino, it iscommon to be trilingual.

Universal pattern


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Art [dance/music/literature] Art serves as a medium for thecommunication of ideas, attitudes andvalues.

Art conserves and reinforces beliefs,customs, attitudes and values.The religious art in the architecture of churches, the religious scenes, andthe images of saints create emotionaland intellectual atmosphere neededfor religious exercises.

Universal pattern


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Art

Literature is small but of high quality. Someearly literature are destroyed because

They were writtenon easy materialssuch as branch of

woods, stones,leaves, and etc...

They were burnedby the early

Spanish friarsbecause of theidea that they

were works of evil.

Universal pattern


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technology

Other Pre-Spanish Filipino industriesincluded the manufacture of liquorsand vinegars like tuba, basi, etc,

export of edible bird's nests fromNorthern Palawan to China, theraising and trade of civet cats, the

manufacture of gunpowder, themaking of wax for export to China, andthe making of cotton stockings for export.

Universal pattern


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Property System

This promotes conflict between therich and the poor

Universal pattern


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warfare

Examples:

Execution of the 3friars (GUMBURZA)

KATIPUNAN by AndresBonifacio

Universal pattern


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Mythology and Science

Myths and rituals are mostlyinfluenced by the Indians, suchBathala and Mariyang Makiling.

In 1865, studies of tropical typhoonsstarted in ManilaIn 1937, the national research council

of the Philippines explored thephysical, biological and socialsciences.

Universal pattern


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Family and Society

Marriage is seen to be sacredThe Barangay, which is the smallestunit of social and political organizationis being led by the Maharlika or Datu,Nobleman or close relatives of thechief.

Universal pattern


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Supernatural Beliefs (andReligion)

animism Mana

Prayer Magic

shamans priest

Universal pattern


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Historical foundation of education in relation to PoliticalSystem


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Political system

Pre-Spanish Period- The early Filipinosconsidered education as a way topreserve their culture and transmit thisknowledge to future generations.-education was informal andunstructured babaylan posses wisdomand knowledge in spirituality and systemof governing their own society-children were provided with vocationaltraining and less academics by parentsand houses of tribal tutors

Pre-spanish period


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Spanish Regime

Schools were established with theobjective of rearing children to learnskills acquired by the youth in Spain.The educational system was under the

control of the Roman Catholic Church.education was religion -centered -education for the elite only- Spanish is compulsory

- Boys and girls school are separated- Inadequate, suppressed and controlledPriests-educators

Political system


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Thomasites/American Era

Education was a means by whichpeople can be oriented toward ademocratic way of life, they madeeducation accessible to all.

American teachers US civilian andprofessional citizens- thomasites- free and compulsory elementary- English is the medium of instruction- 600 teachers from USA taught inPhilippines

Political system


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Japanese EducationalPolicies

Education was an instrument for Filipinos to embrace Japaneseideologies. It promoted vocational

education and inspired people with thespirit of labor creation of ministry of education

- teaching of Tagalog, Phil. History andCharacter Education

Political system


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TRIFOCAL EDUCATIONAL

SYSTEM- DECS (Elementary and High School)- CHED Higher Education- TESDA Technology BasedEducation

Political system


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Cultural implications onEducation

Since culture is made by man himself, heshould develop worthwhile values andweed out those beliefs, mores,superstitions, etc. that are detrimental toprogress.Since culture changes, the changeshould be for the better and societyshould decide what those changesshould be.The home, the school and the churchshould guard against borrowing from

other cultures things that are against the


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Technology on education

The contemporary teacher must befamiliar with the new educationaltechnologies for delivering qualityteachingEducational technology can benefitour country in enhancing educationthrough providing assistance to

students learning, teacher productivityand by making schools more effectiveinstruments of change.


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Implication of language andspeech to education

A major tool to learning and basicrequirement to interpersonalrelationships.

Means of preserving cultural heritage.Criterion that differentiates theeducated from the uneducated.

The more languages a person knows,the better educated he is and theeasier he can adjust to other people.


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Thank you!!!

Documents

Anthropological Foundation of Education