Course’s Name: Antenna Design & Theory.

Instructor’s Name: Dr.Ali Harmoush.

Students Name: Imad Dahan & Wael Raad.

Subject: Broadside Array & End Fire Side Array

Simulink: Matlab.

First:

a) Broadside Array (N=2) ʎ=0.25; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=0;

ʎ=1; Ø=0;

ʎ=2; Ø=0;

ʎ=4; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.25; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=180;

ʎ=1; Ø=180;

ʎ=2; Ø=180;

ʎ=4; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.25; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=90;

ʎ=1; Ø=90;

ʎ=2; Ø=90;

ʎ=4; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.25; Ø=-90;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=-90;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=-90;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=-90;

ʎ=1; Ø=-90;

ʎ=2; Ø=-90;

ʎ=4; Ø=-90;

b) Broadside Array (N>2) ʎ=0.25; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=0;

ʎ=1; Ø=0;

ʎ=2; Ø=0;

ʎ=4; Ø=0;

ʎ=0.25; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=180;

ʎ=1; Ø=180;

ʎ=2; Ø=180;

ʎ=4; Ø=180;

ʎ=0.25; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=90;

ʎ=1; Ø=90;

ʎ=2; Ø=90;

ʎ=4; Ø=90;

ʎ=0.25; Ø=-90;

ʎ=0.5; Ø=-90;

ʎ=0.625; Ø=-90;

ʎ=0.75; Ø=-90;

ʎ=1; Ø=-90;

ʎ=2; Ø=-90;

ʎ=4; Ø=-90;

Second: End Fire Side Array ʎ=0.1; N=2;

ʎ=0.1; N=3;

ʎ=0.1; N=4;

ʎ=0.1; N=5;

ʎ=0.1; N=10;

Report:

Broadside Array:

Defining array factor:

• The array factor depends on the number of elements, the element spacing, amplitude and phase of the applied signal to each element.

• The number of elements and the element spacing determine the surface area of the overall radiating structure.

• This surface area is called aperture. A larger aperture results in a higher gain. The aperture efficiency quantifies how efficient the aperture is used.

• The influence of these parameters will be further explained with the aid of a linear array of isotropic radiating elements.

• An isotropic radiating element radiates an equal amount of power in all directions, which implies it has a directivity of 1 (0dB) and a gain of 1 (0dB).

Influence of the number of elements on the array factor:

The array directivity increases with the number of elements also the number of side lobe level increases.

Influence of the element spacing on the array factor:

A large element spacing results higher directivity and Remarque that the element spacing must be generally smaller than ʎ/2 to avoid the occurrence of grating lobes.

A grating lobe is another unwanted peak value in the radiation pattern of the array.

End Fire Side Array

An End Fire Array looks similar to a broadside array. The current in the elements of the end fire array however usually 180 degrees out of phase with each other are. The dipoles in an end fire array are closer together 1/8 wavelength to ¼ wavelength spacing than they are for a broadside array.

For this reason an end fire array is preferred to other arrays when high gain or sharp directivity is desired in a confined space however the close coupling creates certain disadvantages