JRC Strategy 2030

The JRC sits at the intersection of science and policy. Both worlds are changing fast. Policy challenges are becoming more complex and science is being transformed by new technologies and big data. Moreover, as the world becomes more complex, hard evidence is required by an increasing number of policies. Therefore, the JRC

activities, building up its strength in areas where it is currently weak.

collaborative. They will be co-designed by JRC scientists and policy colleagues. They will work together to frame

example through foresight processes and horizon scanning.

The JRC will continue to create new knowledge by carrying out research work itself. It will remain its core function,

data, information and knowledge. The JRC will help them to make sense of it and apply this knowledge in an

competence centres will pool knowledge and expertise in the use of modern analytical tools, such as modelling or composite indicators.

EUR 28435 EN

The European Commission’sscience and knowledge service

2016

Joint Research Centre

AnnualReport

JointResearchCentre

EU Science Hubec.europa.eu/jrc

@EU_ScienceHub

EU Science Hub - Joint Research Centre

Joint Research Centre

EU Science Hub

JRC Mission

As the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to supportEU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle.

ISBN 978-92-79-65349-0doi:10.2760/29435

KJ-NA-28-435-EN

-C

#EUSciPol16

Human capital for territorial growth

JRC Annual Conferenceand JRC Annual Lecture

The JRC Annual Conference 2016 focused on the importance of human capital for the prosperity of regions and cities. It took place on 11 October during the European Week of Regions and Cities at the Bozar venue in Brussels. The event gathered over 200 participants who discussed how science in general and JRC contributions in particular can help foster regional and urban growth by providing robust evidence in support of the development of relevant territorial policies.

Recognising the importance of the territorial dimension is at the core of the European Structural and Investments Funds and many other Commission policies.

During the conference, the European Commission’s Knowledge Centre for

methods and tools accessible to support regional and urban policy.

The conference was also preceded by the JRC Annual Lecture 2016, which was dedicated to the science of fairness. The JRC presented evidence-based

more targeted research activity on the subject, which will be presented in a report in 2017.

Social Media Top Sources

505mentions

63mentions

The hashtag #EUSciPol16 was trending in Belgium during the morning session, with 505 mentions on Twitter and 63 mentions on Facebook.

JRC Strategy 2030

The JRC sits at the intersection of science and policy. Both worlds are changing fast. Policy challenges are becoming more complex and science is being transformed by new technologies and big data. Moreover, as the world becomes more complex, hard evidence is required by an increasing number of policies. Therefore, the JRC

activities, building up its strength in areas where it is currently weak.

collaborative. They will be co-designed by JRC scientists and policy colleagues. They will work together to frame

example through foresight processes and horizon scanning.

The JRC will continue to create new knowledge by carrying out research work itself. It will remain its core function,

data, information and knowledge. The JRC will help them to make sense of it and apply this knowledge in an

competence centres will pool knowledge and expertise in the use of modern analytical tools, such as modelling or composite indicators.

Report EUR 28435

The European Commission’sscience and knowledge service

2016

Joint Research Centre

AnnualReport

JointResearchCentre

ISSN 0376-5482

EU Science Hubec.europa.eu/jrc

@EU_ScienceHub

EU Science Hub - Joint Research Centre

Joint Research Centre

EU Science Hub

JRC Mission

As the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to supportEU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle.

ISBN 978-92-79-65349-0doi:10.2760/29435

KJ-NA-28-435-EN

-C

#EUSciPol16

Human capital for territorial growth

JRC Annual Conferenceand JRC Annual Lecture

The JRC Annual Conference 2016 focused on the importance of human capital for the prosperity of regions and cities. It took place on 11 October during the European Week of Regions and Cities at the Bozar venue in Brussels. The event gathered over 200 participants who discussed how science in general and JRC contributions in particular can help foster regional and urban growth by providing robust evidence in support of the development of relevant territorial policies.

Recognising the importance of the territorial dimension is at the core of the European Structural and Investments Funds and many other Commission policies.

During the conference, the European Commission’s Knowledge Centre for

methods and tools accessible to support regional and urban policy.

The conference was also preceded by the JRC Annual Lecture 2016, which was dedicated to the science of fairness. The JRC presented evidence-based

more targeted research activity on the subject, which will be presented in a report in 2017.

Social Media Top Sources

505mentions

63mentions

The hashtag #EUSciPol16 was trending in Belgium during the morning session, with 505 mentions on Twitter and 63 mentions on Facebook.

JOINT RESEARCH CENTERNISATIONAL CHART – 1 March 2017

10. Information & Communication Technology

Philippe BIERLAIRE

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5. Resource Management Geel Marc WELLENS

6. Resource Management Karlsruhe

Jacqueline RIBEIROPette

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3. Logistics Ray CRANDON

4. Maintenance & Utilities Maurizio BAVETTA acting Is

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Dept. I – Safety, Security &

Site Management Ispra Rien STROOSNIJDER

TEMP. Organisation and Staff development

Ilze BALTMANE Ispr

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Bru

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Kar

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Franck WASTIN Pette

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Kar

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Union7. Knowledge for Health &

Consumer Safety Guy VAN DEN EEDE

7. Knowledge for Security & Migration

Giacinto TARTAGLIA

6. Knowledge for Sustainable Development & Food Security

Alan BELWARDPette

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1. Disaster Risk Management Ian CLARK

2. Technology Innovation in Security

Georg PETER

3. Cyber & Digital Citizens' Security

Jean-Pierre NORDVIK

4. Safety & Security of Buildings

Artur PINTO VIEIRA

5. Transport & Border Security Bartel MEERSMAN

6. Demography, Migration & Governance

Alessandra ZAMPIERI

1. Health in Society Ciaran NICHOLL

2. Consumer Products Safety Maria Pilar

AGUAR FERNANDEZ

3. Chemicals Safety &Alternative Methods Maurice WHELAN

4. Fraud Detection & Prevention Franz ULBERTH

5. Food & Feed Compliance Hendrik EMONS

6. Reference Materials Doris FLORIAN

3. Nuclear Fuel Safety Rudy KONINGS

4. Nuclear Reactor Safety & Emergency Preparedness Michael FÜTTERER acting

5. Advanced Nuclear Knowledge

Roberto CACIUFFO

6. Nuclear Safeguards & Forensics

Klaus LÜTZENKIRCHEN

7. Nuclear Security Stefan NONNEMAN

8. Waste Management Joseph SOMERS

9. JRC Nuclear Decommissioning Paolo PEERANI

Sev

ille

Ispr

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Climate

KI

D. Sustainable Resources (Ispra)

David WILKINSON

E. Space, Security & Migration (Ispra)

Dan CHIRONDOJAN

F. Health, Consumers & Reference Materials

(Geel) Elke ANKLAM

Pette

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1. Bio-Economy Guido SCHMUCK

2. Water & Marine Resources Giovanni BIDOGLIO

3. Land Resources Constantin CIUPAGEA

4. Economics of Agriculture Giampiero GENOVESE

5. Food Security Neil HUBBARD

Ispr

a Is

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Ispr

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Sev

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1. JRC Sites Radioprotection & Security

Ralph MAIER

Dept.I – Nuclear Safety (Karlsruhe)

Jean-Paul GLATZ

Dept.II – Nuclear Security & Safeguards

(Ispra) Willem JANSSENS

Dept.III – Nuclear Decommissioning

(Karlsruhe) Vincenzo RONDINELLA

Kar

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2. Standards for Nuclear Safety, Security & SafeguardsWilly MONDELAERS

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Adviser Peter PÄRT Is

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G. Nuclear Safety & Security (Karlsruhe) Maria BETTI

Ispr

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5. Scientific Development Jutta THIELEN DEL POZO

Adviser for Economic Growth &

Competitiveness ……………

1. Resource Planning Patrice LEMAITRE

HR Business Correspondent Joris GYSEMANS

Adviser for Bio-Economy

Joachim KREYSA

2. Work Programme Margareta THEELEN

4. Legal Affairs Carina Røhl SØBERG

Bru

ssel

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3. Interinstitutional, International Relations & Outreach Emanuela BELLAN

A. Strategy and Work Programme Coordination

(Brussels) Delilah AL KHUDHAIRY

Bru

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Bru

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Bru

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Deputy Director-General (Brussels)

Charlina VITCHEVA

6. Quality Assurance & Evaluation

Jens OTTO

7. Euratom Coordination Said ABOUSAHL Is

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Bru

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Assistant to theDeputy Director-

General Stephen DAVIES B

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Adviser ……………

Bru

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Bru

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Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre

http://europa.eu/!UP66YD

Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography

http://europa.eu/!mQ74CK

Knowledge Centre for Territorial Policies

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Picture above: an example of the DRMKC at work, the Copernicus Emergency Management Service produced damage maps to support Italian authorities’ preliminary assessment of the earthquake in August 2016.

KNOWLEDGE CENTRES

Competence Centre on Composite Indicators and Scoreboards

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Competence Centre on Microeconomic Evaluation

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Competence Centre on Text Mining and Analysis

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

COMPETENCE CENTRES

EU Policy Lab

d

http://europa.eu/!Qg43yf

THE EU POLICY LAB

Science-policy platforms

The EU Policy Lab promotes open collaboration with innovative methods and tools.

At the JRC Open Day, 7 600 visitors representing 81

http://europa.eu/!pQ47Xc

JRC OPEN DAY

Jugend forscht

VISITS BY YOUNG SCIENTISTS

Outreach activities: highlights

Science meets regions (http://europa.eu/!FW48dP) Science meets parliaments (http://europa.eu/!yh93Pb

SCIENCE MEETS PARLIAMENTS,SCIENCE MEETS REGIONS

* includes the Central Intellectual Property Service of the European Commission

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R. Resources (Brussels)

Jean-Pierre MICHEL

Adviser for Public Tendering &

Compliance Eric FISCHER B

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Adviser for Talent Management

Josephina PIJLS Pette

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8. Finance & Procurement Iain FORMOSA

7. Budget & Accounting Stanislav DRAPAL

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Bru

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9. Infrastructure DevelopmFrançois AUGENDRE

2. Resource ManagemePetten

Francesco SCAFFIDI-ARGENTINA

1. Resource Management Seville

Vincenzo CARDARELLI Sev

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H. Knowledge Management (Ispra)

Krzysztof MARUSZEWSKI 2 Thematic Coordination

Marc WILIKENS

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I. Competences (Ispra)

Giovanni DE SANTI

2. Foresight, Behavioural Insight & Design for Policy

Xavier TROUSSARD

3. Text & Data MiningMargarida ABECASIS

4. Intellectual Property & Technology Transfer * Giancarlo CARATTI DI

LANZACCO Bru

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Bru

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7. Knowledge for Finance, Innovation & Growth Xabier GOENAGA

BELDARRAIN Bru

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7. Knowledge for EnergyEfstathios PETEVE

1 Geographic Coordination David MAIR

1. Modelling, Indicators & Impact Evaluation

Sven LANGEDIJK Bru

ssel

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Sev

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Bru

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1. Finance & Economy Francesca CAMPOLONGO

2. Fiscal Policy Analysis Daniel DACO

3. Territorial Development Alessandro RAINOLDI

4. Human Capital & Employment

Ioannis MAGHIROS

5. Circular Economy & Industrial Leadership

Luis DELGADO SANCHO

6. Digital Economy Alessandro ANNONI

1. Energy Storage Pietro MORETTO actin

2. Energy Efficiency &Renewables

Diana REMBGES actin

3. Energy Security, Distrib& Markets

Marcelo MASERA

4. Sustainable TranspoAlois KRASENBRINK

5. Air & Climate Elisabetta VIGNATI

6. Economics of ClimaChange, Energy & Trans

Antonio SORIA RAMIRSev

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B. Growth & Innovation (Seville)

Luis DELGADO SANCHO acting

C. Energy, Transport &(Petten)

Piotr SZYMANS

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Principal Adviser for Generation IV

Thomas FANGHÄNEL Bru

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Director-Gen(Brussels)

Vladimír ŠUC

Adviser for Policy Communication

Geraldine BARRY

Assistant to the Director-General

Jean-Philippe GAMMEL

Assistant to the Director-General

Margarita NIKOLOVA

Bru

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Adviser for Policy Support

Pierre NICOLAS Bru

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Adviser for Evaluation &

Scientific Integrity Pieter VAN NES B

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Adviser for Scientific Development

Marion DEWAR Bru

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Deputy Director-General (Brussels)

Maive RUTE

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Assistant to the Deputy Director-

General Thierry STIEVENART B

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Table of Contents

Foreword by Commissioner Tibor Navracsics

Observations from the Board of Governors

A new boost for jobs, growth and investment

A resilient European energy union with

a forward-looking climate change policy

A connected digital single market

A deeper and fairer economic and monetary union

A deeper and fairer internal market with

a strengthened industrial base

Towards a new policy for migration

A stronger global actor

JRC partners in Europe and beyond

JRC Board of Governors

22

33

44

88

14

18

220

222

224

226

229

330

2

Foreword by Commissioner Tibor Navracsics

I am very proud to be responsible for the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s in-house science and knowledge service. At a time when expert opinion is increasingly being questioned, the JRC’s role as a provider of independent, objective and evidence-based support to policy is more important than ever as a guardian against the rising tide of dis- or misinformation.

Fortunately, the JRC is in a strong position to face up to these

and comprehensive reform of the organisation for the past 30 years, moving the JRC closer to the political heart of the Commission. That means focusing squarely on the Commission’s political priorities. Indeed, I am determined to ensure that everything the JRC does is fully policy relevant. We are on track to achieving this.

Furthermore, the JRC is breaking its internal silos. There is now ‘one JRC’ working in an integrated manner across policies and disciplines. This is the only way to solve today’s complex problems.

The JRC is already tackling a number of cross-cutting issues, such as human capital for territorial growth, the topic of the JRC Annual

2016. And colleagues have worked across silos to support the Commission’s climate and energy packages.

Of course, the JRC’s core function is to create new knowledge by carrying out its own research work. Our experts are now complementing this by ‘managing’ knowledge from other sources. This year, I was delighted to inaugurate dedicated knowledge centres for migration and demography and for territorial policies, both issues which are high on the political agenda. These centres will keep policymakers up to speed

help them to make sense of this knowledge.

2016 also saw the start of new competence centres in composite indicators, data mining and microeconomic evaluation. These are a gold mine of transversal expertise with huge potential in all policy areas.

experimental space which is being used to help create innovative policy design for new and emerging issues.

To succeed in its mission, the JRC needs to work with the best research organisations around the world. It is now taking a more strategic approach to these partnerships, ensuring it is working with the right organisations in the right areas. This year, it has established cooperation agreements with the United States Department of Energy (DoE), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Central European University (CEU).

Each year, I take great pleasure in participating in the JRC’s outreach activities. There were many in 2016, including open days in Ispra and in Brussels and ‘Science meets parliaments’ and ‘Science meets regions’ events, which were all very successful. Bringing science and researchers closer to citizens and policymakers at all levels is crucial for fostering dialogue and safeguarding their place at the heart of our societies. That is why this kind of outreach is more important today than ever.

appreciate their dedication and commitment to delivering excellence and their openness to new and innovative ideas. I look forward to continuing our journey together and to taking more exciting steps forward.

These steps will include opening the JRC’s unique research infrastructures and launching new knowledge and competence centres. The JRC’s 60th birthday will not be the only thing we celebrate in 2017!

Tibor Navracsics, European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport

3

Observations fromthe Board of Governors

2016 was a period of remarkable changes. The JRC developed its

next 15 years with the aim of better serving the political priorities

completeness and direction of this strategy.

The board welcomes the JRC’s cross-silo thinking and multidisciplinary approach and the fact that the JRC is complementing its knowledge production by establishing and managing the EC’s knowledge centres and competence centres. We believe that this will deepen the interaction within the Commission and beyond and will make the JRC

excellence. The strategy strikes the right balance between politics and science, which takes into account the special character of the JRC as a directorate-general sui generis.

The strategy spells out the JRC’s fundamental principles and values. It gives better guidance and orientation on what the JRC should be doing and how its objectives should be achieved. Supported by practical

methods within the organisation and external partners, the board believes that the JRC is continuously improving as an organisation driven by true vision, mission and strategy.

Therefore, the board endorsed the JRC strategy 2030 and is following the implementation process with an ad hoc working group.

The board particularly welcomes the fact that the JRC has started to

European policymaking. It has given a favourable opinion on the work to be carried out under the work programme for 2017-2018.

The board also appreciates the JRC’s initiatives for fostering stronger relations with the Member States. For instance, 2016 saw a continuation of the JRC’s support for macro-regional cooperation and

smart specialisation as well as the successful expansion of the ‘Science meets parliaments’ initiative to national and regional parliaments across the Member States.

Finally, the board highlights the necessity for the JRC to maintain and modernise its infrastructures on all of its sites according to the general infrastructure investment plan previously considered by the board to

stability of resources to ensure that the JRC can deliver until 2030 and beyond. In this respect, the board takes note of the successful start in 2016 on the construction phase of the new Wing-M of the JRC in Karlsruhe. In the long term, this will allow the Karlsruhe site to maintain its activities according to the highest levels of quality and safety.

The board endorses the present annual report and expresses its support

4

A new boost for jobs, growth and investment

put Europe on the path to econommic recovery. In 2016, the EC focused on addressing current market failuures, mobilising private investments and ensuring that adequate skills for jobs are available to EU citizens.

also prominent in 2016.In this context, the JRC conttinued to contribute to boosting jobs,

expertise. A new Knowledge Centrre for Territorial Policies was launched and smart specialisation platforms (S33P) were developed to help EU regions perform better. The JRC’s economiic studies, modelling tools and screening methodologies contributed to idenntifying key challenges and opportunities and informing policy in a very diveerse set of sectors, such as agriculture, trade, employment and health. The launch of competence frameworks contributed to streamlining EU citizens’ skills and competences.

The JRC report Mapping regional energy interests for S3P-Energy

Smart specialisation platforms support regional cooperation and investmentIn 2016, the JRC and others developed smart specialisation platforms (S3P) to support regional cooperation and investment in the areas of industrial modernisation and agri-food. The thematic platform on energy, launched in May 2015, underwent a considerable boost in 2016.

Within the energy platform, key priorities

e-mobility and wind energy technologies. Using illustrative maps to identify possible synergies, a JRC report grouped regions and countries with common technology interests based on the European strategic energy technology plan (SET-Plan). The JRC-developed EYE@RIS3 online tool was

used to analyse the information provided by each region and identify activities in which an investment in resources was likely to stimulate knowledge-driven growth.

The industrial modernisation platform and the agri-food platform were launched at the Smart Regions Conference in June 2016.

The industrial modernisation platform

interregional cooperation by matching up smart specialisation priorities — such as key enabling technologies (KETs), service

platform helps regions to develop or share infrastructure, such as testing facilities, pilot plants, data centres and fab labs.

meeting in December, which notably resulted in agreed working arrangements to prepare partnerships in thematic areas and establish a project-investment pipeline. The platform aims to contribute to a more competitive and sustainable EU food supply chain and to

towards growth and jobs, especially through the numerous small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and micro-companies that make up this chain.

Research and Innovation Observatory country reports identify key research and innovation challengesThe JRC’s 2015 series of Research and Innovation Observatory (RIO) country reports

collaboration and the commercialisation

5

of public research results as two of the major research and innovation (R & I) challenges facing many EU countries. The

from relatively low business innovativeness, especially from SMEs.

The reports analyse and assess national R & I system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda, with a special focus on the European research area and the innovation union. The reports also feed into the European semester activities.

The reports can be accessed through the RIO-Horizon 2020 Policy Support Facility website, which was jointly developed by the JRC and the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation as a key source of analysis, insights, statistical data and best practices for policymakers and stakeholders on designing, implementing and evaluating R & I policy.

Competence frameworks to improve education and learningIn line with the Commission’s new skills agenda for Europe, the JRC has developed several competence frameworks to improve and streamline skills and competences, such as critical thinking, entrepreneurship and problem solving.

The entrepreneurship competence framework (EntreComp) proposes a

point for any initiative that is developing curricula and learning activities that foster entrepreneurship.

The digital competence framework for

critical and creative use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to achieve personal and professional goals. Thirteen EU Member States are already implementing this

contexts and purposes.The European framework for digitally

competent educational organisations (DigCompOrg) helps primary and secondary schools as well as vocational education and training centres to self-assess the integration and use of ICT in the learning process.

All these frameworks rely on strong collaboration between academics, educational experts and policymakers across the EU, jointly facilitated by the JRC and the Directorates-General for Employment, Social

Sport and Culture.

Collaborative economy: a research agenda for policy supportAlthough still relatively small, the collaborative economy is rapidly growing across Europe and is creating new services, job opportunities for EU consumers and entrepreneurs and new growth potential for the EU as a whole.

In June, as part of the digital single market strategy, the Commission issued its European agenda for the collaborative economy providing guidance and policy recommendations on balancing the need to develop innovative services with an adequate level of protection for consumers and workers. The JRC contributed to this work with a report, The future of work in the ‘sharing economy’,

markets, their function, their economic and

regulatory issues they raise.In its conclusions on the information

suggested a research agenda that would

to inform a wider and longer-term research programme in support of an evidence-based EU policy on the collaborative economy.

Key enabling technologies for growth and jobsKey enabling technologies (KETs), such as nano-electronics or industrial biotechnologies,

Smart Specialisation Platforms (S3P)http://europa.eu/!Br46Db

Key Enabling Technologies (KETs)http://europa.eu/!YK68Bh

Research and Innovation Observatory (RIO)https://rio.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Knowledge Centre for Territorial Policies (KCTP)http://europa.eu/!UP66YD

Urban data platformhttp://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Entrepreneurship Competence Framework (EntreComp)http://europa.eu/!rq73WN

Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp)http://europa.eu/!HV34YF

European Framework for Digitally Competent Educational Organisations (DigCompOrg)http://europa.eu/!Cf88Vf

DigCompOrg helps schools and other educational organisations self-assess the integration and use of ICT in the learning process.

6

may play an important role in meeting the

analysis by the JRC considered how KETs

regional innovation and economic growth in the context of smart specialisation.

FGTs and KETs on innovation (patents) and economic growth (growth domestic product (GDP) per capita) and showed that regional

economic growth, while specialisation in FGTs

the innovation performance of regions.

were discussed at the European Innovation Ecosystems: Good Governance and

conference, co-organised by the Committee of the Regions and the EC. The JRC and the European Association of Research and Technology Organisations held a session on how research and technology enable productivity and competitiveness and

and development.

JRC launches Knowledge Centre for Territorial Policies (KCTP)In October, the JRC launched the KCTP — a single information access point for EU, national and international policymakers to help boost economic growth and job creation in cities and regions. It brings together a wealth of existing data, methods and tools to support regional and urban policy in areas such as demography, air quality and transport.

Within this Knowledge Centre, the urban data platform is being developed as a joint initiative of the JRC and the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy to inform on the status of and trends in European cities and regions and to help

development, demography, social issues and urban development.

These initiatives echo the importance of the territorial dimension, as embedded in the European Structural and Investment Funds, and the growth and job creation opportunities

use of common assets across territories.

Attracting R & D investment from multi-nationalsAttracting foreign investment to Europe from knowledge-intensive multinationals will help push forward the technological frontier, boost European productivity and sustain economic growth and job creation, according to a study by the JRC.

In the study, the JRC and the Directorate-

the world’s top 2 500 corporate research and development (R & D) investors, based on the 2014 EU Industrial R & D Investment Scoreboard. The scoreboard is the JRC’s benchmarking tool for comparisons between companies, sectors and geographical areas as well as for monitoring and analysing emerging investment trends and patterns.

The study found that reforming product market regulation and employment protection legislation could help certain countries become more appealing for investment. These results also feed into the

Europe 2020 strategy, which aims to guide EU Member States on jobs, growth and investment, and the investment plan for Europe.

Agro-economic modelling tools inform a more sustainable agriculture policySupporting the transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices has been a

central policy issue for more than a decade. The dynamic development of agricultural markets requires continuous monitoring and analysis, and modelling tools have become indispensable.

Working with the Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, the JRC, together with academia and international organisations, developed agro-economic models to contribute to a number of initiatives.

The annual medium-term outlook for the major EU agricultural commodity markets and agricultural income uses such models to provide EU market projections for arable crops, sugar, biofuels, dairy and meat markets with a 10-year horizon. The latest, which was presented at the 2016 EU Agricultural Outlook Conference in Brussels in December, helps to identify and understand key market dynamics relevant to policy developments. It also came with an uncertainty analysis, mainly based on the Aglink-Cosimo model. Furthermore, the models are used to quantify potential variations in results and enable the environmental impact assessment of policies using agri-environmental indicators such as greenhouse gases (GHG) and ammonia emissions.

Two JRC agro-economic models were also used to review the impact of ‘greening’

farmland more sustainably and care for natural resources as part of their everyday work. The Individual Farm Model for Common Agricultural Policy analysis (IFM-CAP model)

among production activities on individual farms, taking into account resources (arable/grassland and feed) and policy constraints. The Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact (CAPRI) model gauges the combined impact of all greening measures, including on the environment.

The CAPRI model was also used under the ‘economic assessment of GHG mitigation policy options for EU agriculture’ project. The analysis contributed to the impact assessment accompanying the Commission’s proposal on the inclusion of GHG emissions and removals from land use, land-use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework.

The JRC also uses economic modelling to assess the impact of potential trade agreements with partners. The global Modular Applied GeNeral Equilibrium Tool (MAGNET) model enables the depiction of bilateral trade

It can show which sectors and EU regions

trade agreement, compared to a ‘baseline’ situation. In November, a report presented to EU agriculture ministers showed the potential

7

agreements under the current EU trade agenda. It highlighted relatively balanced cumulated impacts in terms of trade, production and price for the EU agricultural sector. For EU dairy products and pig meat, prospects look favourable. A number of

opening, ranging from commodities such as cereals to more high-value/processed products such as beverages. On the other hand, the study also shows the vulnerability

rice and (to a lesser extent) poultry and sugar.

Screening methodology helps to identify endocrine disruptorsEndocrine disruptors are chemicals that impact on the hormone system of animals and humans. In line with its commitment to ensuring the highest level of protection of both human health and the environment, the Commission aims to adopt state-of-the-art,

what an endocrine disruptor is.Measures specifying the criteria to

in June 2016, accompanied by an impact assessment report. The JRC contributed to this impact assessment by developing a screening methodology for a study to estimate which chemicals would be

methodology was used to screen the available evidence on approximately 600 chemicals, covering active substances used in plant protection and biocide products, as well as a selection of substances falling under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals Regulation (REACH), the Cosmetic Products Regulation and the Water Framework Directive.

First-ever Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas In May 2016, the JRC and the global soil

Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, which maps the soil biodiversity of the entire planet and provides a detailed analysis of both soil organisms and the threats to soil biodiversity.

European Atlas of Forest Tree Species launched

edition of its European Atlas of Forest Tree Species, which provides a wealth of information on the many tree species in our forests, including their climatic preferences and singularities and how threats such as

Scoreboard shows that R & D investment in the European Union is growing faster than global and United States' trends

year 2015/2016, EU companies increased their R & D spending by 7.5 % as compared to the previous year, ahead of the global (6.6 %) and the United States (5.9 %) trends. The 2016 EU Industrial R & D Investment Scoreboard, published in December by the JRC and the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, also showed that 30 EU companies are among the world’s top 100 R & D

pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, ICT, and aerospace and defence.

Nonetheless, Asian companies showed the highest increases in R & D, especially those based in China (up by 24.7 % to EUR 49.8 billion), although their sales also fell.

highest year-on-year growth in R & D, at 12.3 %, followed by pharmaceuticals (9.8 %), IT hardware (7.6 %) and automobiles (6.7 %).

The scoreboard was accompanied by a survey of the 1 000 top R & D investors based in the EU, which showed that in the coming years, R & D investments may fall in some traditional industrial sectors while growing in

pharmaceuticals and technology hardware.

The future of work in the ‘sharing economy’ (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!yB68YY

The specialisation of EU regions in fast-growing and key enabling technologies (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!DK36MT

Global Soil Biodiversity Atlashttp://europa.eu/!Xn47CX

2016 EU Industrial R & D Investment Scoreboardhttp://europa.eu/!Cx38ku

Screening methodology to identify potential endocrine disruptors according to different options in the context of an impact assessment (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!pY76MW

An economic assessment of GHG mitigation policy options for EU agriculture (EcAMPA 2) http://europa.eu/!XQ98Qt

European Atlas of Forest Tree Specieshttp://europa.eu/!CJ34jT

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according to JRC expertsThe Paris Agreement pledges would enable only half of the reduction in emissions necessary in 2030 to keep global warming below 2 °C in the long run. However, the goal can still be reached and remain compatible with continued global economic growth if additional mitigation policies are put in place. These are the conclusions from GECO 2016 — Global energy and climate outlook: road from Paris, a JRC report looking into the evolution of the world energy system and GHG

and climate policy scenarios. JRC scientists analysed several low-emission development pathways — achievable either through the

through globally coordinated action — and illustrated some of the economic challenges

sectors and technologies. The report also provided balances for energy and GHG emissions for a range of key countries and regions as well as a description of the policies under consideration.

Based on the most recent energy and economic data, the report provided

discussions and contributed to future global stocktaking exercises. It was produced in close collaboration with the Directorate-General for Climate Action and is an updated version of the modelling work that supported the negotiations at the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Covenant of Mayors: a local approach to global warmingThe JRC report Covenant of Mayors: greenhouse gas emissions achievements and projections was presented at the Conference of the Parties (COP22) summit in Marrakech in

implementation reports from more than 6 200 municipalities across the EU and beyond show an overall reduction in GHG emissions of 23 % compared to baseline levels. Thus, these municipalities display the encouraging trend of being on track to reach their ambitious goal of a 30 % reduction by 2020.

Urban energy consumption generates about three quarters of global CO emissions. In response to the challenge, in 2008 the EC launched the Covenant of Mayors to support

local authorities in the implementation of sustainable energy and climate policies. The Covenant of Mayors signatories make voluntary mitigation commitments to reduce emissions from energy consumption in sectors they

housing, services and urban transport).Building on the Covenant of Mayors,

a new and more ambitious Covenant of Mayors for climate and energy was announced in October 2015, based on three pillars: mitigation (40 % CO emission-reduction target by 2030); adaptation; and

On 4 September 2016, the JRC analysis

54 countries had joined the initiative, representing over 213 million inhabitants.

the raison d’être of the energy unioon strategy and an important investment in Europe’s future prosperity. Throughhout 2016, the European Commission (EC) continued to deliver on its climate and energy objectives with the adoption of three important packages: energy ssecurity measures in February; accelerating the transition to low-carbon emissions in July; and managing the transition to clean energy in December.

Energy and climate policies are ever-more intertwined and these packages also support the EU’s commmitments under the Paris Agreement. Naturally, in 2016, the JRC continuued to increase its involvement in developing and implementing the EU’s climatee and energy policies. Beyond its contribution to legislative proposals, the JRC addvised EU negotiators at the Marrakech summit (COP22) and presented its most recent work to inform related debates

given below.

A resilient European energy union with a forward-looking climate change policy

The JRC report Covenant of Mayors

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Global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industrial processes stallIn 2015, global CO emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes

observed since 2012. This is a result of structural changes in the global economy,

the changing energy mix in key countries, concludes the latest report by the JRC

Assessment Agency.Global primary energy consumption

increased by 1 %, which is well below the 10-year average of 1.9 %, even though fossil fuel prices fell in 2015 in all regions.

In 2015, two thirds of global CO emissions from fossil fuels and industrial processes were generated in China (29 % of the global total), the United States (14 %), the European Union (EU-28) (10 %), India (7 %), the Russian Federation (5 %) and Japan (3.5 %). Globally, this is one percentage point down from 2014 and the lowest share since

in renewable sources for power generation

(15.2 %), notably from wind and solar energy, representing 6.7 % of global output.

In the EU, a slight increase in CO emissions from fossil fuels and industrial

of falling annual emissions growth, was explained by a 4.6 % increase in gas consumption and a 4 % increase in diesel consumption in transport. At the same time, CO emissions from electricity generation fell by 0.6 %.

The report is an annual publication by the

Assessment Agency and is based on data from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.

In 2016, the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the JRC established together a CO Monitoring Task Force, with the mandate to support the design and launch

under Copernicus, which will combine an integrated CO observation system with inverse modelling to monitor fossil CO emissions. The observation system integrates space-borne data from the European Space Agency with in situ measurements from the Integrated Carbon Observation System European Research Infrastructure Consortium. The JRC’s inverse modelling connects emission inventories with the GHG concentration observations to provide

reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

In the context of this work, the JRC co-authored the Copernicus CO report,

report was cited by the New York Times (May 2016) and presented to the framework

and Technological Advice meeting (Bonn, May 2016) and to the COP22 summit (Marrakech, November 2016).

Improving air quality in urban areasGood air quality is still a challenge in Europe. In 2015, 16 of the 28 Member States failed to comply with the EU’s air quality limit values.

To help tackle this problem, in June 2016 JRC scientists developed and released a modelling tool that calculates how changes

tool (screening for high emission reduction potential on air) aims to support policymakers in selecting sound policies to improve air

air quality improvement potential from locally designed measures and to identify priority sectors and pollutants to be addressed in

order to improve air quality in a given area. In addition, SHERPA can be used to calculate neighbouring regions’ contributions to local air quality.

SHERPAinput data (including emission inventories) that cover the whole of Europe at high resolution. This provides for a straightforward testing methodology for new air quality policies for any given area in Europe.

Helping to increase the share of biofuels in transport

emissions, the EU aims to ensure that 10 % of the transport fuel used in every EU country comes from renewable sources, such as biofuels, by 2020.

of biofuels produced from agricultural crops, algae-based solutions have received more attention.

However, despite high expectations, a JRC report entitled Biofuels from algae: technology options, energy balance and GHG emissions — Insights from a literature review showed that

GECO 2016: global energy and climate outlook: road from Parishttp://europa.eu/!Gx39Vx

Covenant of Mayors: greenhouse gas emissions achievements and projections

Trends in global CO emissions: 2016 reporthttp://europa.eu/!Qf88JM

SHERPA tool (screening for high emission reduction potential on air)http://europa.eu/!xW38RT

Biofuels from algae: technology options, energy balance and GHG emissions — Insights from a literature review (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!Mp66Uy

Improvements in the EU gas transmission network between 2009 and 2014 (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!mB36QW

Resilience of large investments and critical infrastructures in Europe to climate change (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!mp96df

2 emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production

Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2016 report

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the cost of algal production and its conversion into biofuels remain high. Technologies are still being developed, while key resources for algal growth (such as nutrients, water and

viable production of algal biofuels.The review also presented technological

advances and an impact assessment of algal production on energy and GHG emission balances. In its conclusions, it recommended further assessing the techno-economic challenges and environmental impacts before the full-scale deployment of this industry.

In parallel, JRC scientists developed and

point temperatures of biodiesel to establish the lowest temperature at which biodiesel can be used. This knowledge is important

blocked during cold periods.

Driving Europe’s transition to a low-carbon economyIn July, the EC presented its communication, ‘Energy union and climate action: driving Europe’s transition to a low-carbon economy’. This package of measures is designed to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy by reducing GHG emissions by at least 40 % by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, in all sectors of the economy, and to respond to the commitments made by EU countries under the Paris Agreement on climate change.

Within this package, the JRC contributed substantially to the legislative proposal on integrating land use and forestry into the EU 2030 climate and energy framework and to the European strategy for low-emission mobility.

On land use and forestry, together with other EC services and stakeholders, the JRC developed a methodology for setting forest reference levels, which enable the

baselines, the new methodology helps to quantify the reductions in GHG emissions resulting from forest management.

This work was underpinned by two recent JRC reports: (1) Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) contribution to the 2030 EU climate and energy policy; and (2) An economic assessment of GHG mitigation policy options for EU agriculture — EcAMPA 2 presenting the potential evolution of non-CO GHG emissions from EU agriculture and several mitigation policy options.

As for the European strategy for low-emission mobility, the JRC contributed to the development of a set of scenarios for assessing

emissions from road transport. These scenarios were simulated with the JRC’s newly developed

on the evolution of the vehicle mix, activity, energy consumption and emissions up to 2050.

new post-2020 CO targets and carried out an

emissions and fuel consumption, measured during laboratory tests and under real driving conditions. JRC analyses have thus informed critical aspects

documents linked to the strategy.

Sustainable energy securityIn February 2017, the Commission presented its energy security package in support of the

energy security, solidarity and trust among Member States. The package sets out a wide range of measures to strengthen the EU’s resilience to disruptions in gas supplies, including a legislative proposal, a strategy for

strategy on heating and cooling.Thanks to its continuous involvement

in the EU energy security strategy and the experience gained from reviewing national plans, carrying out risk assessments and being involved in stress tests, the JRC has helped with a number of these initiatives.

The JRC was mandated by the Directorate-General for Energy to describe and evaluate scenarios fostering the full integration of the Baltic electricity system within the EU power and energy market framework. Towards this goal, the implications of the desynchronisation of the Baltic electricity grids from the Russia/Belarus system needed careful assessment. Generation cost and required power system investment scenarios were compared over the 2025 and 2030 horizons. The JRC modelled the Baltic power system based on data on current and projected topology, demand and costs gathered from the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO) and the region’s transmission system operators. A consensus on the methodology’s assumptions, parameters and scenarios emerged through several rounds of discussion with stakeholders. The results were presented

decision to be taken by the Baltic energy market integration platform where all the involved Member States are represented.

The JRC also contributed to the impact assessment that underpinned the security of gas supply regulation included in the package. A JRC report on the improvements in the EU gas transmission network between 2009 and

that helped in assessing improvements in the performance of the EU transmission grid. Thus, it contributed to the design of the new infrastructure standard and risk-assessment templates, preventive action and emergency plans, as well as the characterisation of EU gas regions. The JRC also supported the Baltic states and Finland in developing a regional risk assessment for their gas system, the

updated hydraulic model for the region’s gas system generated by the JRC.

Promoting education and training for nuclear decommissioningWith many nuclear installations reaching the end of their operational life, and the complete

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social sector, should be adapted to protect them from climate-related hazards.

The study evaluated the impacts of extreme weather events, such as heat

windstorms, on critical infrastructures for the whole of the EU as well as for Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.

Potentially, damage from climate hazards could triple by the 2020s, multiply six-fold by mid-century and surpass today’s total of EUR 3.4 billion per year 10 times by the end of the 21st Century. Projections indicate that economic losses will be highest in the industry, transport and energy sectors, as they may multiply economic damage to the infrastructures by 15 times.

The study also showed that countries in southern Europe are most likely to be

thus require substantial investment to protect them from climate hazards.

phase-out of nuclear energy foreseen in some EU Member States, the important issue of nuclear decommissioning is coming to the fore.

and experienced personnel to support nuclear decommissioning is probably one of the most critical matters to be addressed, and is one where a coordinated EU approach is most needed. As the opportunities in a decommissioning career have yet to become well known, the industry and organisations

To address this threatened shortage, a memorandum of understanding was signed in December between 14 partners with nuclear expertise to provide a new training and knowledge-sharing platform to prepare specialists for the dismantling of obsolete nuclear plants in Europe. At the initiative of the JRC, the European learning initiatives for nuclear decommissioning and environmental remediation was launched with the aim of boosting interest

among students and professionals and of

In the coming years, the learning

hands-on training modular courses on nuclear decommissioning in cooperation with European universities, research organisations and other partner organisations. This initiative is yet another example of the JRC’s long-standing experience in nuclear matters and of the relevance of its nuclear decommissioning and waste management programme.

Upcoming climate hazards will hit

infrastructure hardAccording to a new JRC study, Resilience of large investments and critical infrastructures in Europe to climate change, with extreme weather events becoming more common in Europe, the current design, construction, operation and maintenance standards of critical infrastructures, including energy, transport, industrial and the

Resilience of large investments and critical infrastructures in Europe to climate change

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there are fewer new installationsIn 2015, the EU reached a cumulative installed capacity of 95.4 gigawatts (GW),

demand. Although the EU is still a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) installations with 40.6 % (end 2015) of the global total of 235 GW of solar PV electricity generation, its share has dropped from a record 66 % in 2012 and continues to decline in relation to both global market growth and the absolute number of new installations. According to the JRC’s PV status report 2016, this is due to changes in EU Member State support schemes and lower investments.

Published annually by the JRC, the report combines up-to-date international information on the PV sector from public and commercial studies, cross-checked with its own research. From a cumulative capacity perspective, the report shows that Germany remained the EU leader in 2015 with nearly 40 GW, followed by Italy (nearly 18.9 GW), France (nearly 6.6 GW), the United Kingdom (8.9 GW) and Spain (5.4 GW).

In 2015, about two thirds of the new capacity was installed in Asia, with China

topping the ranking (16 GW to 18 GW), followed by Japan with 11 GW, while the United States connected 7.3 GW to the grid.

At the end of 2016, worldwide solar PV power was expected to exceed 310 GW, a capacity roughly equivalent to 1.5 % of the global electricity demand.

Photovoltaics is an important asset in reaching the EU’s climate and energy goals of reducing GHG emissions by at least 40 % by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, and achieving at least a 27 % share of renewables in the EU’s energy mix by 2030.

Clean energy for all Europeans

planned for 2016 was the Commission’s ‘Clean energy for all Europeans’ proposals to keep the EU competitive as the clean energy transition changes global energy markets. It

renewable energies and providing a fair deal for consumers.

The JRC contributed its expertise to help prepare the legislative proposals on energy efficiency, the electricity market and risk-preparedness rules, as well as on the

promotion of renewables and bioenergy sustainability policy.

The JRC also supported the EC’s reviews of the Energy Efficiency Directive and the European Performance of Buildings Directive to bring them up to speed with the 2030 energy and climate goals and to facilitate their implementation at national level. These initiatives are critical considering that buildings account for 40 % of Europe’s energy consumption and 36 % of CO emissions in the EU, and while two thirds were built before energy-performance standards existed, only 1 % is renovated each year.

The JRC provided intelligence on energy-feedback systems, demand-response status and building-renovation strategies. It also contributed to setting up the EU Building Stock Observatory and the guidelines on assessing the energy efficiency potential in the heating and cooling sector.

According to the JRC report, Securing energy efficiency to secure the energy union, efforts to meet energy efficiency are underway. Despite Europe’s progress in reducing energy consumption and improving energy efficiency, it is likely to miss the

The JRC’s PV status report 2016

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intermediary 2020 target of 20 % of energy saved, according to the JRC’s Energy consumption and energy efficiency trends in the EU-28 (2000-2014).

As for the Renewable Energy Directive (recast) that sets out clear sustainability criteria for bioenergy, the JRC contributed to

related to biofuels, which have to be taken into account to ensure a well-balanced policy.

The JRC launched the interactive and collaborative online European energy efficiency platform to call upon the energy efficiency community to contribute to the collective effort of strengthening the knowledge base in this crucial field.

It also contributed to the ‘Accelerating clean energy innovation’ communication with the findings produced by the Strategic Energy Technologies Information System and its inputs to the 2016 state of the energy union report.

Market design is the ‘rule book’ for energy market players. Today’s European electricity market is different since new climate and energy policies have changed the power sector. A recent JRC report analysed existing generation-adequacy assessments produced by Member States, and the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E) identified strengths and weaknesses, highlighted best practices and made methodological recommendations.

Furthermore, the JRC supported the

risk-preparedness in the electricity sector, which seeks common rules to be respected when preparing for and managing crisis situations that put the electricity supply at risk.

The second edition of the report on energy prices and costs in Europe — due every 2 years under the energy union roadmap — was also part of the package and included findings from the JRC study, Production costs from energy-intensive industries in the EU and third countries.

New Commission online tool to measure car journey fuel costs and CO2 emissionsIn line with the European strategy for low-emission mobility and in support of the Commission’s initiatives for the decarbonisation of transport in Europe, the JRC has developed a ‘green driving tool’ to help citizens estimate fuel consumption, CO emissions and the costs for any given car journey.

climate and energy policyhttp://europa.eu/!yB73Dj

An economic assessment of GHG mitigation policy options for EU agriculture — EcAMPA 2http://europa.eu/!XQ98Qt

PV status report 2016http://europa.eu/!gB99MV

Clean energy for all Europeans (EC package)http://europa.eu/!Gx78Bk

(E3P)http://europa.eu/!KN67GX

the energy union (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!hf43Cw

Generation adequacy methodologies review (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!Xm39Bp

Report on energy prices and costs in Europe (EC report)http://europa.eu/!Vy63hR

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The creation of a digital single marrket for the EU is one of the main priorities of the Commission’s mandate. Digiital technologies know no borders, but rules and regulations need to be adaptedd for the economy and society to fully

copyright and data protection legisslation and in the application of competition law can create new opportunities aand help the European economy maintain global leadership. For citizens, a diggital single market means greater access to information and culture and, if eequipped with the right digital skills, better job opportunities.

Two years from its conceptioon, connecting the digital market is in full delivery mode. Using its expertise, the JRC is contributing to strengthening the three pillars of the Commission’s ddigital single market strategy: promoting

networks and innovative services; aand maximising the growth potential of the digital economy.

‘net Bravo’ app maps internet signal quality across the EUThe netBravo app is a JRC-developed crowd-sourcing project designed to gather and share radio-spectrum data about mobile telephony coverage, WiFi channel occupancy, broadband and net neutrality connection tests. Anyone with a recent smart phone can download the netBravo app and test the quality of signal they are getting on their phone — WiFi, 4G, 3G, 2G or none. These data are saved locally on the phone and, if the user agrees, are

anonymised and sent back to the netBravo research database. The aggregated findings are then displayed on an interactive map on the netBravo website to help researchers and policymakers gain insight into EU-wide connectivity issues. It is mutually beneficial to the users and researchers and a great example of how scientific advances can serve both policymaking and consumer access to services.

netBravo was launched just before the summer holidays and is free to download on both iOS and Android systems. Since its

release, it has been downloaded 11 986 times. Data from 52 210 speed tests; 4 million cellular network measurements; and 3 million WiFi hotspot measurements from locations across the EU have been uploaded to the web service.

DigCompOrg: helping educational organisations go digital

European conceptual model to help educational organisations self-assess the use and integration of digital technologies and resources in the learning process. This DigCompOrg model is a web-based resource for policymakers to help them design

regional, national and European levels.The framework supports the

Commission’s objectives of improving digital skills and learning and aligns with the opening up of education which aims to stimulate ways of learning and teaching through digital technologies and digital content.

The DigCompOrg initiative can be used for self-assessment and developing or refining strategies to embrace digital-age learning at all levels of the educational journey. It is addressed to primary and secondary schools and vocational education and training centres, as well as higher education institutions. Public authorities in Member States can also use it to adapt their support to educational institutions.

A connected digital single market

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four electronic products (smart phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers) in 10 EU countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and the United Kingdom), which together represent around 85 % of the EU-28 markets

The second report analysed geo-blocking and concluded that electrical appliances, electronics and computer games in particular

The least geo-blocked category is travelling services. JRC researchers analysed data collected through a shopping survey whereby

from websites in other countries to explore

process and detect those factors that

that 63 % of cross-border purchase attempts

stage. Geo-blocking is independent of distance, but less likely between countries sharing the same language.

New business models: online platforms and the collaborative economyThe launch of the digital single market strategy has brought about a comprehensive assessment of the social and economic role of new players — such as online market places, search engines, payment systems, social media, video and content-sharing sites. The goal is to make sure consumers

the increasing diversity of online platforms. The JRC contributed with the economic policy background, reviewing platforms from a regulatory angle, potential market failures, competition policy, consumer protection and data protection instruments. The report underlined how online platforms, in general and as an alternative business model, can

while also challenging incumbent players and business models in many sectors and how they can put pressure on the existing regulatory framework. This is particularly the case for sharing or collaborative economy platforms that facilitate direct market access for small producers.

These new business models were also in the spotlight in 2016, notably with the adoption

of the EC’s agenda for the collaborative economy. The JRC has developed a research

evidence base for the development of policies

costs for all the stakeholders involved. Based on an analysis of more than 100 collaborative platforms, JRC research tackled the need for more data, trust and transparency, evaluated the impact on the labour market and addressed social rights in this new work environment.

E-commerce: exploring geo-blocking issuesDelivering on its digital single market and Single Market strategies, the EC has presented a three-pronged plan to boost e-commerce by tackling geo-blocking, making

through better protection and enforcement.Two JRC studies have contributed to the

initiatives to remove geo-blocking practices in the EU digital single market and concluded that both consumer welfare and company

respectively. The report focused on the sales of

netBravo app (Android and iOS download)http://www.netbravo.eu/

European Framework for Digitally Competent Educational Organisations (DigCompOrg)http://europa.eu/!Cf88Vf

— A European framework for digitally competent educational organisations (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!RQ93vD

An economic policy perspective on online platforms (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!pd46dX

Scoping the sharing economy: origins,

(JRC report)http://europa.eu/!Qk49HN

The economic impact of removing geo-blocking restrictions in the EU digital single market (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!FW98Nr

International trade in online services (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!RD87qv

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Smarter digital tachographs reinforce road safetySmart tachographs are the new generation of mandatory on-board digital recorders to enforce EU legislation on driving and resting times for lorry and bus drivers. In March

tachographs, which must be implemented by 2019.

For more than a decade, the JRC has been involved in the design and implementation of the digital tachograph. Its contribution to these new specifications was substantial and relied on two essential services under the JRC’s lead: the European Root Certification Authority, which oversees the digital security of tachographs and generates the electronic certificates, thereby ensuring the integrity and authenticity of

Interoperability Certification responsible for issuing the final certificate needed for the type approval and entry into the market of new tachograph equipment.

Because of the smart tachographs’ new

features such as satellite positioning, short-range communication for road enforcers and interconnection with other telematics applications will enable better enforcement

of driving and resting times, thereby making

safety and reducing time-consuming roadside checks for compliant road operators.

The Commission signs an agreement with industry on cybersecurityCybersecurity incidents are on the rise year

sectors, and are threatening our ability to fully realise the growth potential of the digital economy.

In July 2016, the Commission launched a new public–private partnership on cybersecurity, which is expected to trigger EUR 1.35 billion of investment from the private sector by 2020. The agreement was part of a series of new initiatives on the digital single market agenda to better equip Europe against cyber attacks and to strengthen the competitiveness and innovation of its cybersecurity industry.

The JRC supported the establishment of this contractual public–private partnership with several key contributions. In 2016, it carried out an analysis of the cybersecurity

identify possible opportunities for developing the European cybersecurity industry, and issued recommendations for a European lightweight cybersecurity labelling framework.

The JRC also participated in the preparation of a roadmap for a possible European ICT

published by the EC.

Earth observation intelligence: a handy tool for European citizensMygeoss was a 2-year project (2015-2016) managed by the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and carried out by the JRC. The project aimed to raise European innovators’ awareness of the business potential of open data sets made available through the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) at the European level and to develop smart internet applications using the system of systems-based open data.

Three calls were made for innovative applications, and the project culminated in the selection of 36 innovative ideas from across the EU, authored by SMEs, research institutions and individual developers.

These ideas all share a common goal: to turn environmental open data into actionable knowledge about changes

The winning apps were showcased in a

which the JRC also presented three apps developed in-house: Invasive Alien Species

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species threatening European environment; MyNatura2000 to raise awareness of nearby nature reserves and the threats they face; and SenseEurAir on local air quality.

All applications, together with their detailed descriptions and the source codes (available for reuse by anyone interested) are available on the Mygeoss website.

European digital progress report 2016In May 2016, the EC released a report giving an overview of the progress made by Member

details the policy responses by Member

The report is based on statistical data from the JRC’s multiannual research project, prospective insights in ICT R & D (Predict).

The Predict project analyses the supply of ICT and R & D in ICT in Europe and compares it to major competitors worldwide. The Predict 2016 data set covers data from 40 countries, based on available data for the period 2006-2013.

The digital progress report includes key indicators across all Member States: connectivity (broadband access), human capital (digital inclusion and skills), internet usage, digitalisation of industry, digital public services and R & D. It also presents

a digital divide between some very advanced EU Member States (e.g. Nordic countries) and others that are lagging behind.

By combining quantitative evidence with

tracks the progress made in the Member States and provides important feedback for policymaking at EU level.

Road safety: the digital tachographhttp://europa.eu/!CQ38Jw

‘Strengthening Europe’s cyber resilience system and fostering a competitive and innovative cybersecurity industry’ (EC Communication)http://europa.eu/!nd97Tu

JRC activities related to cybersecurityhttp://europa.eu/!dK77tR

Mygeoss websitehttp://europa.eu/!Dh38WU

European digital progress report http://europa.eu/!pg37PM

’Prospective Insights in ICT R&D’ (Predict)http://europa.eu/!Mp79JN

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Contributing to the European semesterIn 2016, the JRC contributed to multiple activities that related to the European semester policy cycle.

The Directorates-General for Economic

Customs Union asked the JRC to provide tax modelling for the 2016 European semester. Its analyses, based on the Euromod microsimulation model, were used extensively

provide the technical underpinning for the

in May.The global multi-country model developed

by the JRC and the Directorate-General for

the European economic forecast documents (spring and autumn releases) to quantify the supply, demand and foreign drivers expected

The JRC proposed to the EU Economic Policy Committee’s Output Gap Working Group a new model-based procedure to incorporate information about structural unemployment in the calculations of the cyclical position of Member States’ economies to assess the

methodology was presented to the working group and forwarded to the Economic and Financial Committee, which endorsed it.

Modelling the impact of cohesion policyEU regional policy supports job creation, business competitiveness, economic growth, sustainable development and quality of life

in all EU regions. It is delivered through the European Regional Development Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the European Social Fund.

In 2016, the JRC carried out an evaluation of EU cohesion policy for the period 2007-2013 by analysing the

Rhomolo, a JRC-developed spatial computable general equilibrium model, was used to conduct a set of simulations and assess the impact of these investments at both the regional and sectoral levels.

The JRC report on the results of the

cohesion policy is positive and sizeable, particularly in regions receiving a high level of funding compared to their GDP and in regions that are well integrated with the main

the estimated impact ranges from 0.2 % to 9 % of additional GDP across all EU regions.

The Rhomolo model is used for policy impact assessment and provides sector-,

support EU policymaking on investments and reforms covering a wide array of policies. The European Investment Bank will also be using it for the next 3 years for its investments, including for the so-called Juncker plan.

JRC support to capital markets unionIn the context of the capital markets union action plan, in April the EC published

and integration review, which provided an overview of the performance of

monitoring their trends and macroeconomic developments. The JRC contributed by analysing the sensitivity of European stock markets to local and external shocks and by measuring integration in European

The JRC analysis for the period 1999-

EU sovereign crisis hit distressed countries (Ireland, Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal) harder than eastern countries, especially those in the euro area mostly dominated by

Euro-area distressed countries also

compared to euro-area core countries (Belgium, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Austria and Finland), with the largest gaps appearing from 2002-2004 (due to Ireland and Greece) and in 2013, triggered by the

European countries whose capital market integration with the rest of Europe is less well developed.

completing the banking union

put forward ambitious reforms to secure

of the banking sector. The JRC continued to contribute to this agenda in 2016, notably by putting its Systemic Model of Banking

As part of the Fiscal sustainability report published annually by the Directorate-

Delivering a deeper and fairer Econnomic and Monetary Union (EMU) is one of President Juncker’s top 10 prioritiees. The European semester is an important tool to promote economic convergeence among Member States and to contribute to achieving this goal. The Commission’s work on completing the EMU builds on the so-called The Fivve Presidents’ Report, which describes how to improve the European semester, annd sets out four areas of work: the economic

In 2016, the JRC contributedd to achieving a deeper and fairer EMU by developing tools, methods and anaalyses. For the economic union, it worked on

possible impacts of common corpoorate taxation plans.

A deeper and fairer economic and monetary union

19

or eliminate the debt bias in traditional corporate tax rules. The JRC also provided an analysis on the implications of a corporate tax base for companies’ R & D. The results of the JRC evaluation suggested that a

introduced whilst maintaining and perhaps even improving GDP growth and welfare in the EU.

General for Economic and Financial

to estimate the vulnerability of public

shows that the new regulatory framework

intervention, as losses will be absorbed by other regulatory tools (more capital, resolution funds, etc.).

Symbol also enabled the impact assessment of the Capital Requirement Regulation II, which transposes into EU law the latest international agreements reinforcing the banking sector’s resilience. The JRC

the burden of banking crises.Finally, Symbol helped to demonstrate

that the envisioned European deposit insurance scheme, a single scheme to enhance depositor protection against large

any alternative option for pan-European deposit insurance.

No major obstacles to the use of the euro in international tradeThe euro’s international trading currency

2015, Eurogroup invited the EC to look into possible obstacles to using the euro in international trade.

In close collaboration with the Directorate-

the JRC analysed micro-aspects of the use of the euro in international trade invoicing and settlement to understand factors either driving or preventing its use. The JRC designed two surveys based on existing literature to examine this issue across selected sectors.

Findings were published in a report, also delivered to the Eurogroup, which suggests that the euro is widely used in international trade. Almost 80 % of euro-area companies invoice 76-100 % of their non-euro-area exports in euros, and 67 % do not use any other currency. Some micro-level obstacles were found to hamper the use of the euro

aviation industries traditionally invoice in American dollars due to the global nature of their trade.

The report concluded that sound macroeconomic policies, further strengthening of the EMU and the development of the capital markets union are key factors that can further strengthen the euro’s role on the global trade

Common corporate taxation across the European UnionCorporate taxation is under increased scrutiny as concerns continue to grow about

Tax-avoidance practices have become very elaborate and make it ever-more challenging

generated and to tax companies accordingly.In October 2016, the EC announced plans

to overhaul corporate taxation in the single market and deliver a growth-friendly and fair system based on a single set of rules for private companies to calculate their taxable

Tax Base. The initiative belongs to the EMU’s

In support of this package, the JRC provided a macroeconomic impact analysis of the proposals both on their own and in combination with policies that would reduce

Social dimension of the economic and monetary union

Invoicing currencies in international trade — Drivers and obstacles to the use of the euro (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!Tw38cF

European Financial Stability and Integration Review (EFSIR): a focus on the capital markets union initiativehttp://europa.eu/!rM89RR

Europe: a price-based approach for equity and bond markets (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!FU46Kg

Modelling corporate tax reform in the EU: new simulations with the Cortax model (JRC working papers)http://europa.eu/!qj96TQ

The impact of cohesion policy 2007-2013: model simulations with Rhomolohttp://europa.eu/!fp43cV

deposit insurance scheme (EDIS) http://europa.eu/!qG84qC

20

Supply of raw materials critical to strategic European Union industriesThe sustainable and secure supply of raw materials to the EU is essential to industry. By addressing this, the EU policy on raw materials aims to diversify, supply and improve conditions for domestic production and circular use. In 2016, the JRC undertook

Together with the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation

Partnership on Raw Materials, the JRC

Materials Scoreboard. This highlights the status of the sustainable and secure supply of raw materials to the EU, illustrating their vital role to the competitiveness and growth of several sectors. The scoreboard provides indicators for primary raw materials from, for example, mining within the EU and imports, as well as from secondary sources such as recycling. It addresses raw materials in the global context in terms of competitiveness and innovation, framework conditions for mining, the circular economy and recycling, as well as environmental and social sustainability. This scoreboard,

Scoreboard, provides inputs for monitoring the circular economy.

In the context of the European defence

materials that are critical for the European defence industry as they are required to produce very specialised, high-performance, processed materials. About half of these raw materials are imported from outside the EU, raising concerns over security of supply.

A new JRC study presented in December at the ninth Conference of the European SET-Plan indicated that the EU is vulnerable to supply bottlenecks for several key materials needed in wind, PV and electric vehicle technologies. Furthermore, its resilience to potential supply issues will deteriorate if mitigation measures are not taken.

standardisation across all sectorsRobust standards are key contributors to a vibrant single market. In recent years, the JRC has naturally been very active in the standardisation community, notably through its close collaboration with institutional and industry partners alike.

some of the most notable are mentioned below.In June, a joint initiative for

standardisation was launched with the aim of modernising the current standard-setting

from the relevant stakeholders — industry, European standardisation organisations, SMEs and all other interested parties. A JRC foresight study on fast-evolving and integrated standards as key to innovation in

designing such an initiative; and JRC experts were members of the editorial committee that put the initiative together.

In August, the European project MetroMetal (metrology for the European metal industry) saw JRC scientists collaborating with 13 national metrological institutes to develop measurement methods and calibration standards for reliably measuring radioactive contamination in cast steel products. The exercise resulted in two new reference standards for Cobalt-60 (60Co) in cast steel, which will greatly help metal works with quality control and safe use.

In September, together with the European Committee for Standardisation,

The EU has the largest single markket in the world. The reforms set out in the single market strategy seek to unloock its full potential and create the right conditions for the sustainable competitiveness of the European economy.

In 2016, the JRC contributedd to this ambitious objective via a number of activities. Research into raw maaterial-dependent sectors aimed to help transform strategic EU industries innto more resilient ones. Standardisation and streamlining work in ICT, transsport, the steel industry and alcohol denaturants contributed to the conntinuous improvement of integration into the single market, which should enablee job creation, economic growth, increased competitiveness, innovation and industrial leadership.

Last but not least, the enviroonmental dimension of sustainable

stringent emission requirements foor industrial and chemical installations.

A deeper and fairer internal market with a strengthened industrial base

21

the complete denaturing of alcohol, bringing down the number of substances used as alcohol denaturants from more than 30 different chemicals to just three: denatonium benzoate, isopropyl alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone (butanone).

the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, the JRC co-organised the fourth Putting Science into Standards Workshop on the subject of driving towards decarbonisation of transport: safety, performance, second life and recycling of automotive batteries for e-vehicles. The workshop was held at the JRC’s Petten (Netherlands) site and notably

of the standardisation and pre-normative research needs for automotive batteries to guide further deployment of e-mobility.

In October, the JRC published a manual on advanced methodologies for developing national seismic and climatic maps to be used for the design of buildings with the eurocodes. The manual makes possible the worldwide use of the best practices and experience that come from EU countries in implementing European design standards for safe, resilient and sustainable buildings.

Reducing harmful emissions from industrial and chemical installationsTwo important best available techniques (BAT) conclusions were adopted last year based on the work of the JRC’s European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau.

BAT conclusions are Commission implementing decisions adopted under the Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU, which regulates the emissions into the air, water and soil of about 50 000 industrial installations across the EU. BAT reference documents that incorporate these conclusions provide important guidance to national authorities on setting permit conditions for producers in the relevant field, as stipulated by the directive.

A first set of BAT conclusions for common waste water and waste gas treatment/management systems in the

chemical sector was published in May, which notably included nine BAT-associated emission levels for direct discharges into a receiving water body (for total organic carbon/chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total (inorganic) nitrogen, total phosphorus, absorbable organically bound halogens, chromium, copper, nickel and zinc).

A second set for the non-ferrous-metal industries was published in June, which in particular addressed environmental management systems; energy recovery; process control; waste gas management, diffuse emissions prevention and collection and emissions to air; waste water management, collection and treatment; and odour and noise emissions.

European harmonisation of the complete denaturing of alcoholDenaturants are strong-smelling or bitter-tasting substances used to make alcohol unfit for human consumption. Denatured alcohol is not subject to excise duty applied on alcohol and alcoholic beverages. It is used, for example,

Before this harmonisation exercise, the large number of substances used as denaturants complicated controls of denatured alcohol moving in the internal market. Furthermore, the harmonised procedure makes it harder to recover alcohol from products exempt from alcohol duty, which would lead to considerable

JRC scientists, together with the Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union and Member State experts, have contributed to EU-level efforts to reduce fraud and tax evasion on alcoholic beverages by harmonising the denaturing practices.

As a result, a regulation was adopted which introduced a single EU method for

EU Raw Materials Scoreboard http://europa.eu/!hn64jf

Raw materials in the European defence industryhttp://europa.eu/!XC93qQ

How will standards facilitate new production systems in the context of EU innovation and competitiveness in 2025? (JRC foresight study)http://europa.eu/!PD79rp

European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau (EIPPCB)http://europa.eu/!Mg33rU

BAT conclusions for common waste water and waste gas treatmenthttp://europa.eu/!Dy66xm

BAT conclusions for the non-ferrous metal industrieshttp://europa.eu/!HU37QG

Regulation (EU) 2016/1867 on the mutual recognition of procedures for the complete denaturing of alcohol http://europa.eu/!mt74Yr

22

Improving data and knowledge on migration and demographyIn order to enhance the EU’s capability in better managing opportunities and challenges from migration and demographic change, the European Commission in June launched a Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD). This JRC-led initiative aims to provide policy-relevant knowledge and evidence-based analysis to EU policymaking

population trends and to better understand their impact on the EU’s health, welfare, education system, economy and society.

The work of the KCMD will also involve building strategic partnerships and

networking across and beyond Europe.

Institute for Applied Systems Analysis has set up a Centre of Expertise on Population and Migration to provide multidimensional assessments of future population trends in Europe as well as in the main regions where migration into Europe originates.

The Knowledge Centre has already generated two substantial outputs: the Migration Data Catalogue and the Dynamic

information from aggregated data sources, such as Eurostat, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,

Organisation. The Migration Data Catalogue is an inventory of more than 100 existing data sets. The Dynamic Data Hub provides web-based direct access to individual data sets which enable EU migration to be displayed at a glance.

Smart borders: towards automatic

Preserving the Schengen area and freedom of movement within the EU goes hand in hand with strong protection of the EU’s external borders. In April, the EC adopted a legislative package on smart borders. The package includes a communication on stronger and smarter information systems for borders and security which aims to improve the functioning and interoperability of existing information systems and potential new systems to address information gaps.

Among the actions proposed in the

search functionality will be added to the Schengen Information System through an

This change was enabled by a JRC study

levels of readiness and availability for its integration into the second-generation system, to be called SIS-II, providing that certain recommendations are followed. These recommendations apply to areas such as national expertise and best practice; selection of appropriate formats to collect, exchange and process data; production

This year, migration climbed to thee top of the political agenda as a continuous

the world, mainly the Middle East aand northern Africa. In his 2016 State of the Union address, President Junckker underlined progress in regaining control

Mediterranean Sea and the Aegeann Sea. He also praised the solidarity of EU Member States for providing shelteer to over 1 million Syrian refugees. Finally,

humanely, while re-emphasising thhe need for the strong protection of the EU’s external borders.

Throughout 2016, the JRC contributed to these objectives by means of several important activities suchh as setting up a Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography, devveloping a methodology for automatic

successfully by improving access too education.

Towards a new policy for migration

23

architecture options; application of rigorous procedures for biometric enrolment; selection

use-case scenarios; and the introduction of regular performance-evaluation actions.

The EC has also presented a revised proposal for a regulation on the establishment of an entry-exit system to speed up, facilitate and reinforce border-check procedures for non-EU nationals travelling to the EU.

Integrating migrants: education and vocational training are key to addressing disadvantagesOnce migrants have reached EU territory and have overcome all the administrative hurdles to become immigrants, their satisfactory integration is important. A JRC study, Educational outcomes and immigrant background, carried out at the request of the EC’s Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture, analysed the educational performance of children and young adults and the skills of the working-age population, making a comparison between immigrants and native Europeans.

revealed that migrants who arrive before the age of 15 generally perform almost as well as their native counterparts at school, and in

migrants. First-generation adult migrants have a low achievement rate, exceeding 30 % in disciplines such as mathematics, science and reading in most countries across the EU. In some countries with a tradition of attracting

highly educated migrants, such as Ireland,

perform better in mathematics than their top-performing native counterparts. The Swedish education system would appear to be the most successful in reducing the gap

arriving in the EU aged under 15 years of age. This system also seems able to completely overcome the gap between natives and second-generation immigrants.

Furthermore, the report showed that a

is underused, particularly those with higher skill levels who tend to have a lower rate of employment than natives. The study

understanding immigrants’ journey through

in support of improving integration policies in the EU.

Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demographyhttp://europa.eu/!mQ74CK

Migration Data Cataloguehttp://europa.eu/!bv97rw

Dynamic Data Hubhttp://europa.eu/!HN64Cu

for its implementation in the Schengen Information System II (SIS-II) (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!yR46nk

Educational outcomes and immigrant background (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!tc67PF

Communication on stronger and smarter information systems for borders and securityhttp://europa.eu/!Pp48Rv

24

JRC tools support European Union commitments to address humanitarian crises

Humanitarian Summit, the EU committed to 100 actions to support the United Nations’ Secretary-General’s agenda for humanity, which aims to prevent and reduce human

worldwide. These EU commitments will be supported by a series of Commission tools: the following have been developed with the JRC’s support.

The EU conflict early warning system, based on the JRC’s Global Conflict Risk Index, will enable the identification and anticipation of risks of conflict or conflict escalation to help prioritise resources. The index also feeds

into the Index for Risk Management (Inform), the first global open-source risk-assessment tool for humanitarian crises and disasters.

The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS), developed by the United Nations and the JRC, will allow for better integration of transnational detection and early warning and alert systems, thereby enabling a faster response to major disasters.

The JRC’s Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre (DRMKC) will allow the EU to further engage with the research community to bridge disaster-risk management knowledge and technology gaps and to encourage a stronger science policy interface in decision-making.

The JRC and international partners join forces to assess food insecurityIn 2016, 240 million people in 45 low-income

food scarcity (80 million of whom endured a more severe state of food crisis) and 41.7

caused by the El Niño climate phenomenon.Given the unprecedented magnitude of

these crises, the EC and the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and World Food Programme (WFP) decided to conduct the first joint assessment of global food security rather than carry out their own independent ones.

JRC scientists led the report with contributions from the FAO and the WFP. Published in April, it identified countries and regions where extreme weather and/or armed conflicts were causing ‘food crisis hotspots’ requiring priority assistance.

Earlier in 2016, the JRC had published a report and issued a joint statement with the FAO, the WFP and the Famine Early Warning Systems Network warning about El Niño’s devastating impact on southern Africa’s harvests and food security

From food security to energy security in Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions where the JRC continued to contribute

Information System has been expanded

crop varieties, has more accurate estimation

In an increasingly connected, conteested and complex world, the coherence of the EU’s external action and thee Commission’s ability to use all available instruments consistently are becomming ever-more important. Challenges such as migration, access to resources and climate change call for an

essential considering that few of thhe EU’s internal policy objectives can be met in isolation of their external coontext. The Union should also take every opportunity to advance its humanisstic values on the global stage.

As in previous years, the JRCC is actively supporting the EC’s role as a

areas such as global safety and seecurity, crisis management, disaster-risk reduction and the monitoring of naatural and man-made hazards. Below are

A stronger global actor

Socioeconomic factors

El Niño

Shock type

Food-insecure population(Percentage)

South Africa

25

presence on Earth. It was launched in October at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development.

Developed by the JRC with the support of the Directorate-General for Regional and

analyse in detail the development of built-up areas across the whole planet over the last 40 years.

data set covering all human settlements, from villages to megacities, and is entirely open and free. It is based on more than 12.4k billion individual image data records collected

imagery on built-up areas, green areas and night lights with census data on population.

years, built-up areas have globally grown by about 2.5 times, while the global population has increased by a factor of 1.8. Changes in population density and built-up areas show major regional differences, with the strongest growth being observed in low-income countries.

models and extends its horizon to 2020. This system, originally developed by the JRC with partners and now passed on for operational use funded by charitable organisations, enables countries and actors in the food supply chain to identify where losses are occurring and to demonstrate appropriate good practices to mitigate losses. New work involves designing an early warning system to identify grains contaminated with

attacks that destroy harvested crops.In September, a JRC paper published

in Nature Energy considered electricity-generation options in Sub-Saharan Africa, which could potentially bring sustainable electricity to 15.4 million people. The authors promoted the use of the existing energy infrastructure as a lower-cost, lower-risk approach to boosting private investment and speeding up the deployment of renewable energy systems.

Mapping long-term global surface water occurrence In an article published online on 7 December 2016 in Nature, JRC scientists describe the Global Surface Water Explorer — an online interactive database created in collaboration with Google that presents changes in the Earth’s surface water over the past three decades through 30-m resolution global maps. It will be useful for climate science, risk management, infrastructural planning and water management works.

Support to strengthening technical capacities in nuclear security at European and international levelsNuclear security is an area where the JRC’s science and technology expertise is invaluable in cooperating with the EU Member States and international partners.

Initiatives that should be mentioned include the JRC’s European Nuclear Security Training Centre (Eusectra) and the Illicit Trafficking Radiation Assessment Program

launch, Eusectra has instructed front-line officers, trainers and experts from over 70 countries on how to detect and respond to illicit trafficking of radioactive and nuclear

States initiative to evaluate the performance of commercially available radiation-detection equipment against international standards which, in its second phase (2014-2017), has been fully implemented by the JRC.

In November, the JRC and the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs organised the first EU high-level scenario-based exercise on nuclear security, the APEX (Additional Protocole EXercise) Europa, focusing on the unique characteristics of the EU and its Member States in preparedness for a nuclear security event. Representatives from national institutions in 26 of the 28 Member States gathered for 1 day of scenario analysis at the JRC’s Karlsruhe premises. Discussions on existing strengths, weaknesses and needs led to several follow-up actions in areas such as detection and border technology, training, cross-border field exercises, technical reach-back systems and nuclear forensics.

In March 2016, the JRC and the United States Department of State co-organised a high-level workshop to prepare for the 2016 Nuclear Security Summit. More than 70 participants from 30 countries, including delegates from the International Atomic Energy Agency, Interpol and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism, discussed best practices and technical challenges in using investigative and technical capabilities against radioactive and nuclear material smuggling. They concluded that close cooperation at the national level and information sharing at the international level optimise the use of such capabilities to effectively counter nuclear smuggling.

The next day, 20 participants from eight Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries took part in a nuclear security simulation exercise co-organised by the JRC and the International Atomic Energy Agency in Ispra (IT). This JRC work aims to strengthen our association’s partners’ capacity to detect and respond to radioactive and nuclear material falling outside of regulatory control. The exercise provided a platform for testing communication and cooperation mechanisms, both seen as key issues in detection activities by stakeholders, regulatory authorities and policy organisations.

Launch of the multi-temporal Global Human Settlement database

is a new global database that tracks human

http://europa.eu/!jm97Dq

Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS)http://www.gdacs.org/

Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre (DRMKC)http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Global analysis of food and nutrition security situation in food crisis hotspotshttp://europa.eu/!vm64KP

The 2015-2016 El Niño event: expected impact on food security and main response scenarios in east and southern Africa (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!BW33Jy

Counter Nuclear Smuggling Workshop 2016http://europa.eu/!yw48bu

Cosinus 2016 — Cooperation simulation of nuclear securityhttp://europa.eu/!tn49wk

26

The JRC and the United States Department

In June, at the Seventh Clean Energy Ministerial in San Francisco, the JRC and the DoE signed an arrangement that seeks to foster advanced low-carbon technologies. It builds on existing and successful collaboration, notably in the area of electric vehicles. The European Interoperability Centre for Electric Vehicles and Smart Grids at the JRC site in Ispra, together with its sister facility at the DoE

to promote harmonised standards and test

e-mobility and intelligent grid solutions for

cleaner, smarter and integrated transport and energy systems. Under the arrangement, the cooperation has expanded to such areas as electricity generation, battery and storage system technology; unconventional resources; technology monitoring and assessment; and the water-energy nexus.

signing of the arrangement, the DOE and the Commission jointly organised a workshop dedicated to understanding the water-energy nexus, a priority area under the EU–United States Energy Council. The main topic of the workshop was integrated water and power

in the power system, in light of the growing impact of climate change on water resources;

increasing penetration of variable renewables

changes in the electricity market structure and associated opportunities.

The United States DoE is also a strategic partner in Euratom. Under two separate agreements, both organisations are working together on nuclear safeguards and security and in the framework of the Technical Exchange and Cooperation Arrangement in the field of nuclear-related technology R & D under the international nuclear energy research initiative.

In June, the annual meeting in Ispra (IT) saw the cooperation on nuclear safeguards and security extended from 15 to 18 projects. The new projects include: spent nuclear fuel verification at repositories; improved techniques for high count-rate non-destructive assay measurements; and dead-time correction algorithms for neutron multiplicity counting.

Under the energy research initiative’s framework, there are five other projects running which cover the domains of advanced fuels, data infrastructure, severe accidents, thermal hydraulics and partitioning techniques.

Boosting cooperation in earth sciencesAnother example of the JRC’s international cooperation is the arrangement signed with the US Geological Survey (USGS) addressing

earth sciences.The cooperation covers issues such as

ecosystem science; climate variability and

community as well as with institutions in partner countries is crucial for the JRC. By sharing knowledge, commpetences and facilities with over 1 000 partners worldwide, the JRC maintaains a high level of expertise, informs

In 2016, the JRC concluded arrangements with reputable organisations such as the Central European Univeersity, the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, Ukraine’s Nationall Academy of Sciences, the US Department of Energy (DoE) and the US Geologgical Survey. The JRC also strengthened its relations with African countries, nootably through a capacity-building event addressing evidence-based policymmaking challenges. Other successful events co-organised by the JRC included the ‘Science meets regions’ and ‘Science

the Danube region.

JRC partners in Europe and beyond

27

causes of air pollution in Budapest, Sofia and Zagreb, an impact assessment of short-lived pollutants over the Danube Basin and an assessment of the significant biomass potential in the region.

The event was co-organised by the Slovak Republic, the current chair of the EUSDR, the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy and the JRC. It gathered together over 750 participants from regional and national authorities, higher education and research institutions and civil society representatives from the region.

problem in the region, the JRC also presented two ongoing feasibility studies for the enhancement and protection of water quality. These included a practical demonstration of the synthesis centres and its circular economy approach to the recovery of energy, raw materials and the reuse of water.

The JRC also presented its support for capacity building for air-quality compliance in the region, including coordinating the

land-use changes; energy, soil, minerals and environmental health; natural hazards, risk and resilience assessments; disaster alert-related applications; water resources; and geo-spatial data management.

This arrangement builds upon over 10 years of cooperation between the JRC and the USGS in several areas including: global land-cover mapping (as part of Copernicus and in collaboration with the Group on Earth Observations); the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System; security in the supply of critical raw materials; and advancing the Kimberley Process, an international certification scheme that aims to prevent the flow of conflict diamonds.

New scientific cooperation with the Central European UniversityIn June, the JRC and the Central

memorandum of understanding that frames their collaboration in areas of common interest, including data and network analysis;

energy, climate and environment; governance in a multicultural environment; disaster-risk reduction; and EU public policy.

Future cooperation will be implemented through joint research projects; thematic workshops, training and lectures; exchange of experts; and hosting CEU students and traineeships.

Stronger scientific cooperation with the National Academy of Sciences of UkraineIn September, the JRC and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine signed a research framework arrangement at the 2-day JRC–Ukraine cooperation event. The signature was followed by thematic sessions on topics such as smart specialisation, agriculture and food security, and disaster-risk management.

This arrangement results from several ongoing collaborations, in particular within the JRC initiative for the scientific support to the Danube region, as well as in the areas of nuclear safety and security, remote sensing, food security, food safety and energy.

Working more closely with the European Union’s largest innovation communityA memorandum of understanding with the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) was signed in September with the aim of creating synergies and bridging the gap between R & I in Europe. It

interest such as smart specialisation and the EIT Regional Innovation Scheme,

education, training and skills, technology

mechanisms and knowledge management.

collaboration between the JRC and the EIT community which, through its knowledge and innovation communities, gathers over 800 excellent partners across disciplines, countries and sectors. The next step will be to prioritise complementarities in important thematic pillars, such as climate change, sustainable energy, the digital agenda and digital economy, resource security and health.

The European Union and the African Union strive to better integrate evidence in policymaking

and policymakers gathered to discuss the practical aspects of evidence-based policymaking. This high-level capacity-building event addressed the challenges for policymaking in the water, energy, food and security nexus, critical in the region and most in need of an integrated evidence-based policy approach.

The event was co-organised by the EC, the African Union and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis at JRC premises in Ispra (IT) in August. It gathered about 100 senior EU and African Union policymakers and world-class scientists to exchange views on working practices, skills, behaviour and methods.

The event was held within the framework of the joint Africa–EU strategy and its topics in line with the 2014 EU–Africa Summit conclusions to work towards an EU–Africa R & I partnership on food and nutrition security and sustainable agriculture, the global sustainable development goals framework adopted in 2015, and the African Union’s Agenda 2063.

Providing scientific support to policymakers in the Danube regionJRC support to the EU strategy for the Danube region (EUSDR) began in 2011

support to the Danube strategy initiative. From an integrated and cross-cutting perspective, the JRC addresses such challenges as water, land and soil, air and bioenergy. This is complemented by horizontal activities like the Danube reference data and services infrastructure, the Danube innovation partnership and the smart specialisation in the Danube region.

The fifth annual forum of the EUSDR addressed the challenges and perspectives of water management and R & I and was the occasion for the JRC to present its latest contributions to policymakers in the region. These included a comparative analysis of the

Seventh Clean Energy Ministerial in San Franciscohttp://cleanenergyministerial.org/Events/CEM7

European Interoperability Centre for Electric Vehicles and Smart Gridshttp://europa.eu/!Dk67BC

Global Disaster Alert and Coordination Systemhttp://www.gdacs.org/

the Danube regionhttp://europa.eu/!RX64Vf

Knowledge and innovation communities (KICs)http://europa.eu/!Hj48nJ

A comparative analysis of the causes of air pollution in three cities of the Danube region (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!Gd48rk

Sustainable energy in the Danube region as an integral part of the EU 2020 strategy (JRC report)http://europa.eu/!Fd94dR

Danube reference data and services infrastructure (DRDSI)http://europa.eu/!nw46BT

28

EUSDR on air quality and the potential of the integrated approach for better policy development.

Broadening discussion on evidence-based policymaking with European Union parliaments and regionsOn 7 November, the JRC and the European Committee of the Regions co-hosted the

at strengthening the role of evidence-based policymaking at the regional level. Prior to the event, a number of EU regions had co-organised local meetings with the JRC to promote an evidence-based policymaking culture. ‘Science meets Regions’ was the occasion to share their experiences with other regions.

The debate’s conclusions fed into the 2016 ‘Science meets parliaments’ event on 8 November, which focused on tightening collaboration for better policymaking involving national, regional and international dimensions. It was organised in Brussels by the JRC in cooperation with the European Parliament’s Science and Technology Options Assessment (STOA) and was coupled with the fifth round of the STOA MEP-Scientist Pairing Scheme. Over 2 days, the ‘Science meets regions’ and ‘Science meets parliaments’ events attracted around 200 participants from a wide range of stakeholders, including academia, public authorities and politicians.

Besides those two flagship events in Brussels, throughout the year the JRC organised ‘Science meets Parliament’ and ‘Science meets Regions’ events in six regions across Europe: Karlsruhe, Germany, 4-5 July 2016 (conference on how to build smart energy regions); Hessen, Germany, 7 October 2016 (conference on capital markets, sustainable transport and public health); Trieste, Italy, 18 October 2016 (conference on active healthy ageing); Bratislava, Slovakia, 25 October 2016 (conference on reform of educational system); Sofia, Bulgaria, 25 October 2016 (conference on climate-energy innovations); and Espoo, Finland, 20 December 2016 (regional strategies for innovation ecosystems).

Together, this series of events gathered nearly a thousand policymakers, scientists, stakeholders, regional authorities, businesses and citizens. Their reach was amplified effectively with the integration of live social media interaction which, together with video and other web material, helped achieve high visibility. More than 1 million users and over 3 million impressions were reached (the number of times users have seen posts containing the events’ hashtags).

International collaboration on R & D of Generation IV nuclear energy systemsThe JRC acts as the implementing agent for Euratom within the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). Besides signing the

accession, the amendments and presence and withdrawal within system arrangements and projects on behalf of Euratom, the JRC also coordinates Euratom’s technical participation in GIF and monitors the contributions of EU Member States (excluding France, which is a member on its own) in GIF systems and projects. It also contributes technically by performing direct research in the framework of each GIF project arrangement, essentially on safety-related research in fuels, materials safety assessment of reactor designs and cross-cutting topics.

In November 2016, on behalf of Euratom, Commissioner Tibor Navracsics signed the 10-year extension of the framework agreement for international collaboration on R & D of Generation IV nuclear energy systems. This allows Euratom and EU Member States to continue participating in GIF’s R & D activities. Mr Vladimir Šucha attended the ceremony in his capacity as the JRC’s Director-General and the GIF’s Policy Group member.

29

2 885.

Research fellows

researchers (grant holders and contractual agents), senior scientists, seconded national experts and trainees, primarily from the EU Member States and associated countries. They represented 37 % of the JRC

Equal opportunitiesAs of 31 December 2016, women were represented in 24.3 % administrator (AD) posts at the JRC, compared to the Commission’s

the Commission’s objective to make the management ranks more

BudgetThe JRC is funded by the EU’s framework programme for R & I (currently Horizon 2020) and the Euratom research and training programme. Further income is generated through additional work for Commission services and contract work for third parties.

of execution (maintenance of buildings and equipment, commodities,

procurements) related to the framework programme R & I activities.The table shows the breakdown of how the 2016 budget was

spent. In addition, EUR 28.5 million was made available for the programme to decommission the JRC nuclear installations and for Euratom-related waste management. An additional EUR 17 million was received as contributions from countries associated to Horizon 2020.

JRC earned incomeThe income cashed in 2016 amounted to EUR 88.8 million. The table below shows the value of contracts signed at 31 December in 2016. These activities complement the tasks outlined in the JRC’s work programme and are essential for acquiring and transferring expertise and know-how.

JRC communicationThe JRC’s communication activities help the organisation achieve its goals and position it as the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. Media outreach, social media interaction and publications all contribute to increasing the JRC’s visibility and boosting its reputation towards stakeholders.

2015 2016Positions (% female)

2016

Support to Commission services

Contracts signed (in million EUR)

Total staff Female Male Total

Trainees

Seconded national experts

44

Staff expenses 2016

Means of execution

Outgoing expenditures (in million EUR)

JRC media coverage Number of press reports

2015 2016[1]

JRC Publications[2]

Total

2015

773

2016

7

2015 2016JRC on social media

MentionsLikes

Mentions

LinkedIn

(31 December 2016)

30

Dr. Daniel WESELKAAustriaFederal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy. Head of Department V/3Minoritenplatz 5AT – 1010 Wien

Prof. Albena VUTSOVABulgaria

Ms. Margarida FREIREBelgium

B-1050 Brussels

CroatiaResearch Scientist; Member of Croatian Parliament. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health.HR – 10 001 Zagreb

Dr. Vassilios TSAKALOSCyprusDirector General, Research Promotion Foundation123 Strovolos AvenueP.O. Box 23422CY-2042 Nicosia

Dr. Karel AIMCzech Republic

Sciences of the Czech Republic. Institute of Chemical Process FundamentalsCZ - 165 02 Praha 6

Dr. Toivo RÄIMEstoniaAdvisor. Ministry of Education and ResearchEE – 15192 Tallinn

Prof. Antti VASARAFinlandPresident & CEO. VTT Technical Research Centre of FinlandVuorimiehentie 3, Espoo, P.O. Box 1000FI-02044 VTT Dr. Hervé BERNARDFranceSpecial Advisor to the Chairman of CEACentre de Saclay, Bâtiment SiègeFR – 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex

Ms. Susanne BURGERGermanyHead of Directorate Europe. Bundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungHeinemannstr.2D-53757 Bonn Dr. Athanasios G. KONSTANDOPOULOSGreecePresident of the Board of Directors of CERTHDirector of the Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute (CPERI-CERTH)P.O. Box 36157001 Thermi Thessaloniki

Mr. Endre SPALLERHungaryVice-President. National Research,

H-1077 Budapest

Dr. Paolo VENDITTIItaly

Impianti Nucleari” (SOGIN)IT – 00184 Roma

Dr. Agrita KIOPA

Deputy State Secretary. Director of Higher Education, Science and Innovation. Ministry of Education and Science

Dr. Eugenijus STUMBRYS

Dr. Léon DIEDERICH

Premier Conseiller de Gouvernment

Recherche

Prof. Emmanuel SINAGRAMaltaHead of the Chemistry Department. University of MaltaTal-Qroqq, MT-Msida

Ms. Evelyn PIKAVET-GEURTSENNetherlands

Waiting for new nominationPoland

Prof. Paulo FERRÃOPortugalVogal do Conselho Diretivo da FCT

Dr. Ioan URSURomania

Research and Innovation21-25 Mendeleev StreetRO – 010362 Bucharest

MEMBERS

Ms. Annette BORCHSENIUSDenmarkSenior Advisor, EU Cooperation on Research and Education. Ministry of Higher Education and Science. Danish Agency for Science and Higher EducationBredgade 40, DK – 1260 Copenhagen K – Denmark

CHAIRPERSON

JRC Board of Governors

31

Prof. Mária BIELIKOVÁSlovakiaSlovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU). Head of User Experience Research Centre. Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies. Institute of Informatics and

SK-812 19 Bratislava 4

Mr. Peter VOLASKOSloveniaMinistry of Education, Science and Sport

Prof. Pilar SANTISTEBANSpainConsejo Superior de Investigaciones

Univedrsidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)Calle Arturo Duperier No 4E-28029 Madrid

Mr. Peter HONETHSwedenIgelösa prästgård 151

Dr. Claire CRAIGUnited KingdomThe Royal Society Director of Science Policy6-9 Carlton House Terrace

Secretary of the Board of Governors:

Ms. Emanuela BELLANEuropean Commission, JRC CDMA 5/132 – BE-1049 BrusselsTel: +32 2 295 31 34 Fax: +32 2 2967483E-mail: emanuela.bellan@ec.europa.eu

Assistant:

Mrs. Cynthia DENNISEuropean Commission, JRC CDMA 5/161 – BE-1049 BrusselsTel: +32 2 296 81 02 Fax: +32 2 2967483E-mail: cynthia.dennis@ec.europa.eu

Dr. Arjan XHELAJAlbaniaDirector, Academy – Telematic Network Albania. Ministry of Education & Science

Dr. Vardan SAHAKYANArmeniaDeputy Chairman. State Committee of Science

Street, Yerevan 0028

Bosnia and HerzegovvinaHead of Department for Science

Trg Bosne i Hercegovine 3BA – 71 000 Sarajevo

Mr. Hallgrímur JÓNASSONIcelandGeneral Director. Rannis

IS-101 Reykjavik

Dr. Tareq ABU HAMEDIsraelDeputy Chief Scientist & Director for Engineering And Applied Sciences ResearchMinistry of Science, Technology and SpaceKiryat Begin, Building 3P.O.B. 49100 Jerusalem 91490

Prof. Atanas KOCOVFormer Yugoslav Reppublic of MacedoniaDean of the Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringMK – 1000 Skopje

Prof. Gheorghe DUCAMoldovaPresident of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. 1 Stefan cel Mare bd., ChisinauMD-2001

MontenegroUniversity of MontenegroFaculty of Metallurgy and TechnologyCetinjski putME-81000 Podgorica

Dr. Kirsten BROCH MATHISENNorwayDirector. The Research Council of NorwayDivision for Energy, Resources and the Environment. P.O. Box 2700 St. HanshaugenN-0131 Oslo

SerbiaAssistant Minister for International Cooperation and EU Integration. Ministry of Education, Science and Technological DevelopmentNemanjina 22-26, 11000 Belgrade

Dr. Philipp LANGERSwitzerlandHead of EU Framework Programmes

Education and Reseach (EAER). State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)Einsteinstr. 2, CH – 3003 Berne

Mr. Mourad ZGHALTunisiaSenior Advisor, Ministry of Higher Education

TurkeyActing Vice President TUBITAKAtatürk Bulvari, 221TR - Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara

Prof. Anatoly ZAGORODNYUkraineVice-PresidentNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineVolodymyrska, 54, 01030 Kyiv

PARTICIPANTS

32

If you would like to learn more about the activities of the JRC,please contact:

European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)Interinstitutional, International Relations and OutreachHead of UnitB-1049 BrusselsBelgium

Website: https://ec.europa.eu/jrcEmail: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/contact/form

European CommissionJoint Research Centre

Abstract

An interactive version of this publication, containing links to online content, is available in:

PDF: http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC106440

Manuscript completed in July 2017.JRC106440

Printed in Belgium by Bietlot Printed on recycled paper

Print ISSN 0376-5482 doi:10.2760/29435 KJ-NA-28435-EN-CPDF ISSN 1684-0917 doi:10.2760/094558 KJ-NA-28435-EN-NHTML ISSN 1684-0917 doi:10.2760/421490 KJ-NA-28435-EN-Q

ISBN 978-92-79-65349-0 ISBN 978-92-79-65348-3 ISBN 978-92-79-70698-1

© European Union, 2017-

duction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information.

CreditsAll images copyright European Union except:

Cover ©Jezper (Fotolia)Page 4: A new boost for jobs, growth and investment / © spaceX (unsplash)Page 8 and 13: A resilient European energy union with a forward-looking climate change policy / © lourdesphoto (Fotolia); © Nabeel Syed (unsplash)Pages 14 and 15: A connected digital single market / © Tran Mau Tri Tam (unsplash); © antiksu (Fotolia)Page 18: A deeper and fairer Economic and Monetary Union / © Didier Weemaels (unsplash)Page 20: A deeper and fairer internal market with a strengthened industrial base / © beysim (Fotolia)Page 22: Towards a new policy for migration / © Tom Eversley (unsplash); © James Thew (Fotolia)Page 24: A stronger global actor / © Maksim Pasko (Fotolia)Page 26: JRC partners in Europe and beyond / © komi$ar (Fotolia)

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JOINT RESEARCH CENTERNISATIONAL CHART – 1 March 2017

10. Information & Communication Technology

Philippe BIERLAIRE

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Ispr

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5. Resource Management Geel Marc WELLENS

6. Resource Management Karlsruhe

Jacqueline RIBEIRO Pette

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3. LogisticsRay CRANDON

4. Maintenance & UtilitiesMaurizio BAVETTA acting Is

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Dept. I – Safety, Security &

Site Management Ispra Rien STROOSNIJDER

TEMP. Organisation and Staff development

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Franck WASTIN Pette

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Kar

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Union 7. Knowledge for Health &

Consumer Safety Guy VAN DEN EEDE

7. Knowledge for Security & Migration

Giacinto TARTAGLIA

6. Knowledge for Sustainable Development & Food Security

Alan BELWARDPette

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1. Disaster Risk Management Ian CLARK

2. Technology Innovation in Security

Georg PETER

3. Cyber & Digital Citizens' Security

Jean-Pierre NORDVIK

4. Safety & Security ofBuildings

Artur PINTO VIEIRA

5. Transport & Border Security Bartel MEERSMAN

6. Demography, Migration & Governance

Alessandra ZAMPIERI

1. Health in Society Ciaran NICHOLL

2. Consumer Products Safety Maria Pilar

AGUAR FERNANDEZ

3. Chemicals Safety & Alternative MethodsMaurice WHELAN

4. Fraud Detection & Prevention Franz ULBERTH

5. Food & Feed Compliance Hendrik EMONS

6. Reference Materials Doris FLORIAN

3. Nuclear Fuel Safety Rudy KONINGS

4. Nuclear Reactor Safety & Emergency PreparednessMichael FÜTTERER acting

5. Advanced Nuclear Knowledge

Roberto CACIUFFO

6. Nuclear Safeguards & Forensics

Klaus LÜTZENKIRCHEN

7. Nuclear Security Stefan NONNEMAN

8. Waste ManagementJoseph SOMERS

9. JRC Nuclear Decommissioning Paolo PEERANI

Sev

ille

Ispr

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Climate

KI

D. Sustainable Resources (Ispra)

David WILKINSON

E. Space, Security & Migration (Ispra)

Dan CHIRONDOJAN

F. Health, Consumers & Reference Materials

(Geel) Elke ANKLAM

Pette

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Kar

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Kar

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1. Bio-Economy Guido SCHMUCK

2. Water & Marine ResourcesGiovanni BIDOGLIO

3. Land ResourcesConstantin CIUPAGEA

4. Economics of Agriculture Giampiero GENOVESE

5. Food Security Neil HUBBARD

Ispr

a Is

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Ispr

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Sev

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1. JRC Sites Radioprotection & Security

Ralph MAIER

Dept.I – Nuclear Safety (Karlsruhe)

Jean-Paul GLATZ

Dept.II – Nuclear Security & Safeguards

(Ispra) Willem JANSSENS

Dept.III – Nuclear Decommissioning

(Karlsruhe) Vincenzo RONDINELLA

Kar

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2. Standards for Nuclear Safety, Security & Safeguards Willy MONDELAERS

Gee

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Adviser Peter PÄRT Is

pra

G. Nuclear Safety & Security (Karlsruhe) Maria BETTI

Ispr

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5. Scientific DevelopmentJutta THIELEN DEL POZO

Adviser for Economic Growth &

Competitiveness ……………

1. Resource Planning Patrice LEMAITRE

HR Business Correspondent Joris GYSEMANS

Adviser for Bio-Economy

Joachim KREYSA

2. Work Programme Margareta THEELEN

4. Legal AffairsCarina Røhl SØBERG

Bru

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3. Interinstitutional, International Relations & Outreach Emanuela BELLAN

A. Strategy and Work Programme Coordination

(Brussels) Delilah AL KHUDHAIRY

Bru

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Bru

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Bru

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Bru

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Bru

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Deputy Director-General (Brussels)

Charlina VITCHEVA

6. Quality Assurance &Evaluation

Jens OTTO

7. Euratom Coordination Said ABOUSAHL Is

pra

Bru

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Assistant to the Deputy Director-

General Stephen DAVIES B

russ

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Adviser ……………

Bru

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Bru

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Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre

http://europa.eu/!UP66YD

Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography

http://europa.eu/!mQ74CK

Knowledge Centre for Territorial Policies

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Picture above: an example of the DRMKC at work, the Copernicus Emergency Management Service produced damage maps to support Italian authorities’ preliminary assessment of the earthquake in August 2016.

KNOWLEDGE CENTRES

Competence Centre on Composite Indicators and Scoreboards

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Competence Centre on Microeconomic Evaluation

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

Competence Centre on Text Mining and Analysis

http://europa.eu/!PG43Xr

COMPETENCE CENTRES

EU Policy Lab

d

http://europa.eu/!Qg43yf

THE EU POLICY LAB

Science-policy platforms

The EU Policy Lab promotes open collaboration with innovative methods and tools.

At the JRC Open Day, 7 600 visitors representing 81

http://europa.eu/!pQ47Xc

JRC OPEN DAY

Jugend forscht

VISITS BY YOUNG SCIENTISTS

Outreach activities: highlights

Science meets regions (http://europa.eu/!FW48dP) Science meets parliaments (http://europa.eu/!yh93Pb

SCIENCE MEETS PARLIAMENTS,SCIENCE MEETS REGIONS

* includes the Central Intellectual Property Service of the European Commission

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R. Resources (Brussels)

Jean-Pierre MICHEL

Adviser for Public Tendering &

Compliance Eric FISCHER B

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Adviser for Talent Management

Josephina PIJLS Pette

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8. Finance & ProcurementIain FORMOSA

7. Budget & Accounting Stanislav DRAPAL

Bru

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9. Infrastructure DevelopmFrançois AUGENDRE

2. Resource ManagemePetten

Francesco SCAFFIDI-ARGENTINA

1. Resource Management Seville

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H. Knowledge Management (Ispra)

Krzysztof MARUSZEWSKI 2 Thematic Coordination

Marc WILIKENS

Bru

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I. Competences (Ispra)

Giovanni DE SANTI

2. Foresight, Behavioural Insight & Design for Policy

Xavier TROUSSARD

3. Text & Data Mining Margarida ABECASIS

4. Intellectual Property &Technology Transfer *Giancarlo CARATTI DI

LANZACCO Bru

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7. Knowledge for Finance, Innovation & Growth Xabier GOENAGA

BELDARRAIN Bru

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7. Knowledge for EnergyEfstathios PETEVE

1 Geographic Coordination David MAIR

1. Modelling, Indicators & Impact Evaluation

Sven LANGEDIJK Bru

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Sev

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Bru

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1. Finance & Economy Francesca CAMPOLONGO

2. Fiscal Policy AnalysisDaniel DACO

3. Territorial DevelopmentAlessandro RAINOLDI

4. Human Capital & Employment

Ioannis MAGHIROS

5. Circular Economy & Industrial Leadership

Luis DELGADO SANCHO

6. Digital Economy Alessandro ANNONI

1. Energy Storage Pietro MORETTO actin

2. Energy Efficiency &Renewables

Diana REMBGES actin

3. Energy Security, Distrib& Markets

Marcelo MASERA

4. Sustainable TranspoAlois KRASENBRINK

5. Air & Climate Elisabetta VIGNATI

6. Economics of ClimaChange, Energy & Trans

Antonio SORIA RAMIRSev

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B. Growth & Innovation (Seville)

Luis DELGADO SANCHO acting

C. Energy, Transport &(Petten)

Piotr SZYMANS

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Principal Adviser for Generation IV

Thomas FANGHÄNEL Bru

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Director-Gen(Brussels)

Vladimír ŠUC

Adviser for Policy Communication

Geraldine BARRY

Assistant to the Director-General

Jean-Philippe GAMMEL

Assistant to the Director-General

Margarita NIKOLOVA

Bru

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Adviser for Policy Support

Pierre NICOLAS Bru

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Adviser for Evaluation &

Scientific Integrity Pieter VAN NES B

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Adviser for Scientific Development

Marion DEWAR Bru

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Deputy Director-General (Brussels)

Maive RUTE

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General Thierry STIEVENART B

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JRC Strategy 2030

The JRC sits at the intersection of science and policy. Both worlds are changing fast. Policy challenges are becoming more complex and science is being transformed by new technologies and big data. Moreover, as the world becomes more complex, hard evidence is required by an increasing number of policies. Therefore, the JRC

activities, building up its strength in areas where it is currently weak.

collaborative. They will be co-designed by JRC scientists and policy colleagues. They will work together to frame

example through foresight processes and horizon scanning.

The JRC will continue to create new knowledge by carrying out research work itself. It will remain its core function,

data, information and knowledge. The JRC will help them to make sense of it and apply this knowledge in an

competence centres will pool knowledge and expertise in the use of modern analytical tools, such as modelling or composite indicators.

Report EUR 28435

The European Commission’sscience and knowledge service

2016

Joint Research Centre

AnnualReport

JointResearchCentre

ISSN 0376-5482

EU Science Hubec.europa.eu/jrc

@EU_ScienceHub

EU Science Hub - Joint Research Centre

Joint Research Centre

EU Science Hub

JRC Mission

As the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to supportEU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle.

ISBN 978-92-79-65349-0doi:10.2760/29435

KJ-NA-28-435-EN

-C

#EUSciPol16

Human capital for territorial growth

JRC Annual Conferenceand JRC Annual Lecture

The JRC Annual Conference 2016 focused on the importance of human capital for the prosperity of regions and cities. It took place on 11 October during the European Week of Regions and Cities at the Bozar venue in Brussels. The event gathered over 200 participants who discussed how science in general and JRC contributions in particular can help foster regional and urban growth by providing robust evidence in support of the development of relevant territorial policies.

Recognising the importance of the territorial dimension is at the core of the European Structural and Investments Funds and many other Commission policies.

During the conference, the European Commission’s Knowledge Centre for

methods and tools accessible to support regional and urban policy.

The conference was also preceded by the JRC Annual Lecture 2016, which was dedicated to the science of fairness. The JRC presented evidence-based

more targeted research activity on the subject, which will be presented in a report in 2017.

Social Media Top Sources

505mentions

63mentions

The hashtag #EUSciPol16 was trending in Belgium during the morning session, with 505 mentions on Twitter and 63 mentions on Facebook.

JRC Strategy 2030

The JRC sits at the intersection of science and policy. Both worlds are changing fast. Policy challenges are becoming more complex and science is being transformed by new technologies and big data. Moreover, as the world becomes more complex, hard evidence is required by an increasing number of policies. Therefore, the JRC

activities, building up its strength in areas where it is currently weak.

collaborative. They will be co-designed by JRC scientists and policy colleagues. They will work together to frame

example through foresight processes and horizon scanning.

The JRC will continue to create new knowledge by carrying out research work itself. It will remain its core function,

data, information and knowledge. The JRC will help them to make sense of it and apply this knowledge in an

competence centres will pool knowledge and expertise in the use of modern analytical tools, such as modelling or composite indicators.

Report EUR 28435

The European Commission’sscience and knowledge service

2016

Joint Research Centre

AnnualReport

JointResearchCentre

ISSN 0376-5482

EU Science Hubec.europa.eu/jrc

@EU_ScienceHub

EU Science Hub - Joint Research Centre

Joint Research Centre

EU Science Hub

JRC Mission

As the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to supportEU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle.

ISBN 978-92-79-65348-3doi:10.2760/094558

#EUSciPol16

Human capital for territorial growth

JRC Annual Conferenceand JRC Annual Lecture

The JRC Annual Conference 2016 focused on the importance of human capital for the prosperity of regions and cities. It took place on 11 October during the European Week of Regions and Cities at the Bozar venue in Brussels. The event gathered over 200 participants who discussed how science in general and JRC contributions in particular can help foster regional and urban growth by providing robust evidence in support of the development of relevant territorial policies.

Recognising the importance of the territorial dimension is at the core of the European Structural and Investments Funds and many other Commission policies.

During the conference, the European Commission’s Knowledge Centre for

methods and tools accessible to support regional and urban policy.

The conference was also preceded by the JRC Annual Lecture 2016, which was dedicated to the science of fairness. The JRC presented evidence-based

more targeted research activity on the subject, which will be presented in a report in 2017.

Social Media Top Sources

505mentions

63mentions

The hashtag #EUSciPol16 was trending in Belgium during the morning session, with 505 mentions on Twitter and 63 mentions on Facebook.