\ ~fj\mHH\~Mfl'UOU\l .....~.. ~

.\ \12:Dl~r\W5U '

m'IDc>ro'mm'{~I.romIDbmro~romm'mmIDmm:{OJm ·ro·ro ,10 .tv)· [0' {9}....~ ~

~ $~ ~~ ~~. $e ~.;;;1l ~

S r$~ ~~ ...,$ No. bTl! OCTOBER, 1950. R"""i~,,~~~;G'~;'~R",,~:C';"&P'" $S ~~ ~~ $~ ¥ ¥ ¥ ~s ~s ~s ~s ~~

~~- $$ ~

~ MAHATMA GANDHPS MESSAGE i$ .. Nearly three thousand years ago, two great prophets gave the message of Pea.:(', ~$ Non-violence and LO\'e to the world in the North and South of India. Boill ,.ame from ~S a princely house and rejected .the power and pomp of theil' pOSition for the Sen ice of ~

E\ Humanity, Buddha and J'I'Iahavira introduced new and refreshing- strC:UllS of divine ;;~ thought into the ritual-infesting and rigid Hinduism and this starred a gloriouo> cr,l of, ~"ir'S cultural expansion which carried the heritage of India far deep ilHO the East of .'\sia. S$ i\iahatma Gandhi, "'ho was the heir to these Pr0!i'hets, gave a new implication to their $~ messages in the context of modern life, Nowhere that implication is of more signih- ~

~ cance than in East (and in South) Africa where suspicion and fear of each other if 'l1i\i'$ allowed to grow unchecked, can only result in catastrophe, rr such an eruption of ill- ~S feeling is to be avoided, the way of Gandhiji-the \Va}' which made him drudge. to lonely $~ countrysides of ;\loakhali when all India was rejoicing- ~t the dalYn of freedom, the h:uu ~,

~ and narrow way has to be followed and stoutly adhered to. Gal~dhiJTs life, is a hal'c! ~$ lesson but if harder calamities are to be avoided, it has to be followed and on th'~ ~S occasion I pray and hope that our ~eople here will have the courage and f.lith tn do so." $

S -Apa Saheb B. Pant, .~S (Commissioner for the Government of India in East Afric~) $

S ~S $S ~S $~$ ~S ~·S ~ "~. ~ se -r,- $S ~$ $~ $S .m~wmw om m~m-ID'l0'm (§}·~~mmmmmmIDmm@}m ..(3m:m-.J

•••••• 0 ..... 0. 6th Oct.ober. 195?

SAREES

*Prlnt~ Volle ~rees.

In Latest Dellsn.. Pink.White &, Bluo Ground.

S yd!. lengths. 251- each6 yd.. I.n~ha. 30:-_ch

FANCY TI NSELSAREE BORDERSIn Laten Desl~n.

& Colour!n..8 yda. to. plec­

From 25/- To SO/­per pl_ce.

JAYBEE SILK HOUSE(FORMERLY TIre JAI'AN BAZAAR)

JOHANNESBURG'S FAMOUS SAR!£

MEN'SPURESILKSHIRTS.

Cream.ColI:lrAtt:lchcd.

All Sixes.

1.71"e.ch.

Phone 33-6229. 39a MARKET STREET. JOHANNESBURG. P. O. Box 5169

Wlnina;NEW MIRACI.E

DUR A·POWER MAnIo'SP1lING.

ADVANCE 1950 MODELS

KATZ & LOURIE LTD.ctl. lUll I IUUT in" ItlUIISlUlG

<t~il~i ~}.~l-t ! ~l~~15l

't~l:l\dl i\ctt ~i}'

=t>t.~ c!..-t..-t.l

"'ll. \9 :aJll'\(lfj

'-uEU ii:l'itl ~a ~~l~f Q\:fi 'u\A lll!«l ~U'8~llet!l ~11(lt 'tit ~'\ill:

THE

BULLBRANDFERTILIZERS LTD.

SARNIA NATAL.

KilsturbiS G..ndl1l memorl.1 NumberOopl" of Eunnba Gandhi Memorial Ntlmber e&D H ba~

a\ thu of8oe a\ h. 34l. InolQdlna~

1I ncllcn~ ",trUeD;Phoenix. jrd.\.

~re you a subscriber or'Indian Opinion'

If .not, Why nof?

6th Octob;lr, 1950

M. J. PATEL

Pbon6 2983B.Cable &. Tal. Add.: IlHARGYAII".

INTERNATIONAL SPORTS COMPANY

Importers & Exporters & GeneralCommission Agents

." Peking Road~ Kawoo_n. HOnG KOnG

Special' attention is p~id

to indent orders

P. UA~GOV AN & CO.(PTY.) LTD"

WHOLESA.LE MERCHANTS..A1Y..Q_T..~R.Q~~~~·.

P. O. BOX 1250.

15517 Warwic~ Avenue

DURBAN.

~

~~

Write To Us For Further' Particulars .!

====================."jTY SOlO &BAflD IPA1N·I-CUREJ HEADACHE PO flDERS

fRO'! 10UI CHEMIST., ,~~ I'C. 2/r; .~. "'C; 0' FOST FRH fROM

ERNEST TYSON. CHEMIST•• TnJlc."n:. r>U<I"l,\"! .~~.

HANNON'S DgTROTIVEl AQENOY (IOTY.) LTD.

MANAGING DIRECTOR, O. H""NON••eventeen run Royol IrishConolabulary .od Criminal Jov••tig.llon Depulmeot, S. A. PoU...

M.n....r: MINDEN PLUMLEY~ eo: Hendan Pnllce Callell" and Crlml.",.1 In..e.tigalion Depart:ment,. New!" c:otland Yard. London.

Criminal, Com:merci.l and Matrimonial Inv.,.tiaat'on. ( • .,rl~ 0 ...In StrJctest Canfldrnee

11/1% Put Clambon. l.p.,. Sind; P.O. B.", Sill!. Job...."·u!;·' ~lIica,ZZ·1771. Aft.. " ....; 24"'5'"

HEADACHES QUICKLY RELIEvEOBY TAKING

NEWTHE

INDIA ASSURANCE---COMPAN""V T.JTMTrr'ED.---

Life, Fire, Motor ear, Motor Lorry,Motor BU!!I, P'late Glass, Workmen's

eompensatlon, Btc. Etc.I"'tl ,.1(\ ~~l ~·~.h~i ~'~;)nrtl, "'tl~, itlc!.~ ~I~ i\1c!.~ I~Ml. itlc!.~ "t'tl. 'I.~~ :>!1l~l. !Jt~l.l;l~l=1 ~~ctl <fhH~I'lr

I ~I:q'lt ~,,~. 'G~!s "'1<1rtl "flluVll c.art~l~ -tl~l<t ~.

; ~1{1 !I''t.{\~ ~..,~ "'tl't~( iJi ~!J (o1(\.{\ ll.~"'" ~.

r···_..·..·........N~~~i·_·o(;k;;u>_ ..·.._....···.. ~

i :

I "NATVAR MANSION" ~

~ 74. Victoria Street. ~I I OORDRN. !I Tel.pboae 21lIlU.· p. O. Box 161•. ij Tel. I.dd: .. RUSTOJUBB It ~i . DurbaD, • il _.~ _ _ _.~ .. .•

JALBHOY RUSTOMdEEPrincipal IlprnllUllUn '" DI Olin 01 South llrtci.

B. I. S. N. Co. Ltd.Announce th" re-Introduction of direct calls:lt KarachI.

5.5. Karanja due Durban 30th October and salls on 5thNovember for Bombay via Karachi and Porbundar.

Passengers must conform with the Vaccination and YellowFever innoculation requirements and obtain certificates from theirnearest District Surgeon. Innoculation by and certificates from

private ~edical Practitioners will not be accepted.

FARES DURBAN TO BOMBAYFirst elass sln,g,Ie wIthout food £66-0-0Second" 4~

Inter-elas~ 30-0-0Unberthed (Deck) without food 18-15-0

Muslim Special Food £10-17-6 Ordinary Food £4-15-0Hindu Special Food £10-0-0 Ordinary Food £4-2-0

Bookings tor lsi, 2nd, Inter-Class and Unberthed (Deck) embe effected by communication with us by telegram or leners.

For further particulars apply to--

SHAII{ H'MED & SONS [PTY] LTD.:'90 FINE STREET - - DURBAN.

Notc:-Emergency Phone: 63624

Gth October, '950

'=ll ..~ c;El-~JU' ~~ ~llll-\OV1: ..o{\~,e -,I,,\'''tlll ,,\~ttl\"I''l\.

C\6 M(loQ ~!1lS''''1, iill...."tl \floO a~H ~\lU !lon,~~I.I'O '"~ U\otlr(lill ~iill.

,"'~u\, "&"t-t,:il.S· 'l3ltdl !!iIO' ~1"&, 'IC~lt\, ~(.Qatl,

~f:',"I, "111;\111 [.\'0\'\ '::t\"'., (l\~ • .,.otttfliillAiil.

'tllt1 tAil\ ~i~ ilc,u '3I~IIlll~{ ~&Llr Iill" 11 )&'aC'"I." ~"'t(l'aCi ~ot,en 1tt\'l\~O'

PHONE 33-6676. p. O. BOX 3680.

THE NEW D'L-KHUSH SWEET MART,34 Pre.ideD! Sir"' Coratr DialoaaJ Sf., Johaa.llC:S"1U'~

~~\'IC \1o!, 4\sIotl'll~ 1a!!, 'h~.s\\~. 4\~1", iil:u~uJ.s Olu :il.I~~ ~~&, ~lr l~, 1~e., <lSot !Il\lq<1~I<t "l'6(l Ulrth, c.1(\ "&\:tl41 QIIK- U'" 'i!l.&llt ott,.

-~1!r-b5 l"'\a """l~ ~~'1 ..~\1~-

;;. ~'tl{\ l~~'"l oQ~ nd~l\ '11'.( Q <l:tl -tlu, ~tl. «(''lIlt lt~

ill ~I"" !llt~1 ...<h.. , }lllr~ ctI:tol ",'''''~I ",<:t <\"\\ >o:1'Iq ..1!LI~"

L. MISTRY51 BREE STREET, SURGERSDORP. J'SURGPHONE33-4691. SOX 2626. 'J

t •

\l? 0

'Indian OpinIon', P. Bag,

Phoenix, Nitta

"Uttllll\~1

ot<t«\&liill 4\1". t

~~trt'" ~I(l

olf!al Ql~

qtCl~UUl.

~I~& nt'll ..~rt, 'Cl~

"'IM~'&i!ft

~,~ w~:(l

~M~ ~.';f.~l~" 111nUoO ,sl'&:fitH\~•• '~{h

qU~ tl(\01\.4\\'1 o;(l~

tJ"~-ltlihtl ("I!i "ll\{\)

'l 3

'l 0

'l. 0

'l '" ~'Cotl~ : "I'''lltl-il. ,i-fi&ltl-l't'it~~,. lJl'>4.n <:/-t»usua.... ii', I>(l"l~\!i ~1";I.a. t 0/­'l'\:tI~I~'l ~IOltCl6 ,idl ,.ur'lcfi

'\ 0 -l'tEl6tl.l \ 0/-€!9 'tIAtq:- ootl>.n<\1 li~ «l"l-firr:!'!::I't-l ~~"'. "'1/­'>l.s~ !r~:U:- ~i -n"I-il.6i ~"l.o\

at:fl'l ~/-

~~ufl hid!. t1~I~~I!:I. ~.Ol'{qQ\t<l1 ~. 'i 0

"tp.!..(\ ~iU{\ 3-0

~'U{" '!ll!rl ~l~"'l

'\'\ .~~l~" ~""t!l i\'t'~..n

~lClal

~l~ ~~~ ~~fl.

,"l~'l ;'\tl~ '""Hrt lu'I • ." Col<l{ J.l>l5\t \tin.. 11".1" '1.0

,,",:&l"at ~1.''lI~q,q ~n

o '1"'i!l bi(l~· COla • \lr't'Q ~·,s'81 " \'l.::lllt'ICl

~'l -lo:{l ,~'tl'l (<t..u ....o{l

't 0 ",~iitl ~I~ 'l.uH) -l'tIU'l.!

A(Ol. 't~qd'1

iit '1<\a~liitl

't 3 ~1~~~t>.J ",,";J; ~nl\ll>';

't , ll-il. "~-l ('tInt)

tlrt'1 ~<!l'u...i '!'¥l!j

!l.'\t ~n

'~~ ~~.fl <:I1!l lr"Iii\,~ ~L·/,-il. Sl"l ~I v\lqEl)

~1t.1'1\!1 ~u. t-'-t 'tIl.-(1

tlWi!l 'lIl"~tl il~1"Sl~'

o \tKlI )l~\>t ('II<ll ~';l(ci)

3 ~,:(\;:j, ~t"'PII~

u",,~,::ll ~'(~

~~<\<\l }(Ik'\

o i(,l-R li.0l~~

O'Y\tl:l <Udl '.'t

<I '1'1 :>{\'U1~1 SI'·'t1 ~

(l-l at'll \~

~Ur';f.,,1l.Uia <ill>! t-'l. =tIl.ofi '\<:' """"'I'D.... \~->\Ml , : ~W1I'I;\=!.\""" ~'''l t-'l.

)l~.-fl .....3 ~I"':l lrttlalll <: , Q.~ lr'&'~l ~IOltt" <\'tIUttt \I •

~n<1I"~«\

~'I\,j'11

-11\ 1.{\~1

o "l.i(H1tI~1 '11'1!4\1IJ 4\l.

'>1 .. 1-1 1j"I~~1

D 1!"" "'t::t, 'tret>t

~~<1-1l qq,[ .

'q

'I

~ ~

~ <l

<'J

\3 D

t"'I~1 ih~l ~:l!.11 'I

"t!J\<\'<{ ,,\";1\ 'l.~n<\ ~I~ "'t~ ufloNl "\I~:~I ~.

"'il't"-ll \i~~. '\

r;~\'l.1 <'J

~,\"ll «"I 't~ i;h1 "'i1~1~'1

~'llI<HI"'1 )4~\i'j1

l\1'>1 fq~\~~\ =t~t.'1"'lrl!.1 ~.

'l(1\~.{\~

~"i'" "l~Vl <'J

't',[ Gil~l

I'll.{t "11",

"~ct:1 'I

~~ ~rt"'~1 3

i'{~.{\ ~l\\-tl 't

'1\1"1'\t "I

h~l1'l'U{1

! >t"!€1

~t1'l. ~N\>1J

.[I~'1'>11

~'I( Wtt ("l CM"j ~l'il)

t.·l 't~I~

~ur~"1\

"j"'~' !pt~2:)~

"tL~ "teol'!.

No. 40-VOL,-XLVIll. FRIDAY 6TH OCTOIiER, 1950

FmDA Y 6TH OOTODER. 1950

The Conference

~NE of the most important said by that section of tbe~ events of the last week- Press that tbe S. A. I. C. COD­

end io Durban was the annual ference, held recently in Johan.conference of tbe Natal Indian nesburg. had dealt with irrelev·Congress. An important feature ent matters slid had failed toof the conftrence was tbe opening give 11 proper lead to the com.of it by Senator E, H. Brookes munity at this critical junctueand the wise, matured and in the history of South Africamost friendly advice given by It was stated that the preseo;bim, and a survey given by. leadership had been students ofMr. Msimang, secretar~-general politics of fifteen years standingof tbe Africap National Can· and knew ez:actly when andgress, of, the whole political how to give a proper lead.situation as it affected the We think it wise to abstainnon.Europeans in Soutb Africa fzom entering into a discussionand of the relations bet. 00 that matter. We are moreweeo the Indians aod the interested ,in wbat SenatorAfrcaos, Both were most Brookes has said. Our tasktbougbt provokiog anel, in our be said, was in South Afrie.:opinion, quite enough in and we had to look forthemselves to engage the friends here and try to befriendwhole time and mind of the those who were not. We haveconference. We are indeed always been and are fuHy inmost fortuate in having friends agreemeot with tbis view point.lilce Senater Edgar Brookes, for But our whole attitude unlortu·it takes some courage, these days nately appears to be to doespec~aUy, for any European of . notbing here and to cry lor helpst~ndlng to associate bimself from the whole world and towltb the Doo-Europeans or tbeir abuse those wbo$c help is not toca.use•. That we still have such. our liking. We $eek help fromfnends IS tbe. only ray of hope the United Nations and wen the othe~Wlsedark and gloomy condemn it and pass j udgmen tc~ouds which threate~ t~ anni. against it for ,not doing its dutyhllate us. The question IS bow towards Korea. We seem to beto keep them. how to win other over jubilant that the power in~nd bow ~o turn our enemies China is now in tbe hands ofInto our lnends, ~ithout selliog Cowwunists and cherish tbeour I?ul. . No t:ue friend will p~o~pects of Cowwuni~t CbinaremaIn WIth U5 If we are pre. cowlDg to Soutb Africa to~ued to sell our soul. Tllat ~mancJpde the oppressed non.In our huwble OpiDlOO, sbould Europeans. Because Panditbe our ~~epest Iln.ll:lety lIud tbe Nehru today stands for Cow.most lmpo~laDt item In our mooist China to be admitted inplan of action. Unfortuoately U.N. he is balled as a hero Ifthat is iU5~ th~ thing we lieem he happens to be critical ~boutto be lackJDg 10. . the Comwuui~t$ he is slashed.

Indian Press Attacked Mahatma Gandhi'S principles

"A very insJgDlficant b~ction are most admirable only asof the IJidian Press" in Soutb lo~g ~~ we can eIploit themAfrIca, in which we do not at • '~;h .tm to gain our point.aU reiret to include ourselves e; It co~es to puttillg evenwas taken severely to tas\: b-= ~ ittle I.Dto practise ith f oJ 1S at once saId' "Ob but h

t e COD crence for being "icnor. su.h • , e wasant and foolish" because it was per uman; we are full of

human weaknesses; we c~nnot,

Politics And Other

therelo e. be exp~cted to go thelength that he did." This isthe trend o( the present leader.ship Bnd we venture humbly to&ugli:est tbat it will take usnowhere.

cOllseque Ices w;ee to bl) expect•.ed. What we do bemoan is tbemanner in whicb we are deaHn!:with the loituation. Litigationis not goin~ to help. What willbe the ultim lie rp~ult of suchaction? S.ly lor instaoce Ih.. tthe City Couacd is cler~at. d.

Activities Does anything prevent it I torcsort to the ordinal" rule of

Senator Brookes has told us disposing of emploYN s tbat arethat thougb the clouds are Dot required? Will that tend toheavy over us there is no reason remove ill.rteJjIl~s Or increaseto feet. 'fhere is consideeable tbem? And whM about theamount of constructive worI.:! to hundreds wb:l 1'8ve beeu dis.be done in the commuuity in missed by private firms? l'heordtr to raise its standard edu. remedy lies in ap,?eahq:: to theca~ionally.economically and in hearts of our oppolleots andotber sph~res. W~ fully endorse cbanging thew. That can bethat view aod would go a step done only by humble nnd sincerefur~h~r and sug/{est tbat our self.sacrifice. Out the presentpolitical and social activities. leadersbip thinks tbat tbe tiweshould go band in hand, for they for action has not yet come.are all. ba~ed on moral and spirit. We think it is loog overdue.ual pnoclples, Our politics are N EDol, nor should they be, power on- uropean Unitypolitics. They are for gain- Those wbo do not see eye toiog elementary human rights eye with the Congress 00 tbeand one caonot live without watter of the formatioo of athem. Life should be intoll"l- non European united fwnt areable without. tbem. This re- ~e[lDed "Iso!ationlsts," Thatquires true ~ leadership Wha t IS twisting lCutb. It is as mu his it that cbaracterise5 true as to say tbat Indialeader$hip? Tbe marks of should not have fougbt lortrue leadership should be her freedom as loog as theadhereance to Truth at a!l ~hole world was Dot ready forcosts in thought, 1V0rd and 1\. One solitary man can figbtdeed, Fearlessness, Courage and for riGht i£ he has the strength tHumility. Fearlessness should d.o s,o.. ~e does not fight fo~not be only on our part. Our tne lnJlv.dual. He fi~bts foeb~baviour should be such as to a ~igbleous C.:lU.<: which wiltdIspel fear from our opponents. aDo mu~t benefit humanity. WeUnIts! tbe;e qualities nre do not belif'Ove tbat our strug Iimbedded io us there is no bope for ~isht Bnd justice must W:i~of success in the arduous task UD~ll atl non.Europeans aretbat faces us. And for tbis we uDlted. Tllose who are readyneed seek no outside help. We and. have the necessary quali.have to develop them by puri. fical10ns should fight and set an

. fying our soul which alone will eXHople to otbers. In ourhelp us win our struggle io this strus.gle it is not quantity butcouotry. Let our actions be . quahty aloDe that will count,more eloquent tban our speech. Ma~3.tw~ ~aDdhi was accusedUnder tbe prescot leadership, of IsolataoDJsm because he COn.~e: regret to have to say, centrated oa I,.dia's fight forIt I~ the reverse. We are too Indep~ndenceand did not inter.VOCiferous about the "unqualified est ~1~seH in other matterslIucces,," of the Protest Dayan pertaIning to the outside world.June :z6. The result is by no He argued that one step wasmeans a bappy one. We do not enough for bim. In his Urugglu

lor tbe emancipat' 0 fl'•bemoBn the dismissal of over a I th ..I n a odla

b ,ay e emanclpatloa of aU 11,'t oU$Bnd of our brethren. Such oppressed people' o~ the wo:!~.

QDptnton~ttbtlln

3()4 'NaIAN OrlNIOM 6th October, 1950

"'t veDture to ~lJggelt tbat thll'same is the CAse with u. illSouth Africa. That don 001

meaD that we must Dot worl!!for racial uoity and barmooyamonl:: the ooo_Europeans 01 awhole. No, wc must go a stepfurther as Seoator Brookes veryrightly poioled out to us andi' c1ucle io our scope even tbeEuropeans.

\\'e must coovert them toour ...ay of thioki"g, not anta­gooise tbem. It will require agreat deal .of patience, ir­duraoce Roll se1f·~9crilice. Buttbose nrc the very qualIties wemust develop wilhin ourselvesif we do Dot wisb to resort to thelllw of jungle, but to follow thepath shown by Mahatma Gandhito wbicb Mr. Msimang referredto so eloqueotly in bis speechlost Saturday, (Tbe speech ispublisbed in full elsewhereio Ibis issue,) He bas rderredto tbe relationship betweenthe Africaos ond Indians. Thatrelationship must improve ifwe are to live io Ihis c('uotryia peace. The days have panedto look down upon the African",We have no.... to look up to tllem.Our only salvatioo in this COUD­

try lies io befriending tbpm.Tb" rul~:s are conscious 01 thefact tha tour uoity with tbeAfricaos is a poteotial dangerto wbile supreroecY-l\n utterlyfalse notion "f cour~"-lnd

~ver~l'hinll possible i~ beiDI! dOD I.'

to deslroy lbe possibilities 01such 11 unity. It is l>piol:workecl in n most sinistrro:anOfr. We often henr ofstray io~taoc s of as 9,u1t9 on10diAn~ t,y African·. But thryare u~ually overloolred 89 bl.'iDItmotivated by a desire to robor steal. Our attention bAS

however heeD drawn 10 twoicstallces where the moti~"seemed only to terrorisl.'. Oneiostance was of a resptet.able Indian gentleman. Accom·paoied by bis wHe and twolittle cbildren be was walking inbroad daylight on one ~unday

afternoon aloDg the road acrosstbe race course io Durban andone of a few African" whowere following bim struck bimwith bis sticR: 00 bis head frombehind aod gave ooe or twostrokes from the front Bod ranofi. Hi' motive seemed to beno olher tbnn to terrori.a thegentleman wbo happened to beresidin~ in wbat is termed.. Europeao IC'cality in bile wn property. Another ill'

ci-fPDI look place last Tuudayflt flhout ro p.m. in the R~me

lOCAlity wben 11 respectable 10.dian lady accompanied by bercbild was going jUI~ BotOS! tbestreet iota her owo bouse fromber fril.'nd" bome where sbe badbeen on 11 vilit. Several Africansno tbe street tbreatened her but'he WBS just caved III tbe doorof ber bouse opened and ,hewas let io. 10 tbis instance toothe motive seemed to be to ter.rorise. Indeed a double motivei. tbU9 served. Ooe to terrorisethose 10lliBDS who hAppen to beresidine in the ,o.~l1ed Euro_pPQn loc:a1ilie~ ~o tbat Ibeymay be scared away fromth~re aod the other tocreate animosity between theIodians ond the Africans. Nerd.les!' to say tbat po'ict' protectionwbicb, in tbe case of non-Euro­pean., W/U never at aoy tilrevigorous ball. uoder the presentGovernment, dwindled to nlmostnil. Sucb incidents, we are veryrnurb afraid, Ire 5bowil'Il: B

t"nd~ocy of ~rowing and if wedo oot wisb to Iall victim. tothe trap th,u hili been so .:lever­ly laid for U', both tbe Afri('ansand tbo lodians will have tokf'~p thpir balaoce and B greatduty devolves upon the re,p':Jo.l'ihle leaders 01 both the com_munities to educat., thl'ir ignor­ant people 00 the right Hop..

Chastened BecauseLoved

00 \\.1\ t E do not "eot to be\'1\'1 alwa,s filling the

general ear r:.f tbe world with oarerin Igainst the mle of SouthAfrica. Bot il' thue complaiotlmlleL cease, we mmt be trul.ed ubnmn beiog. alld Dot as toleratedevila in tbe laod of our birtb. TheBooth Africoo Go"ernmeot mOltnot look apoo liS all tbtlr illte",aland privllt'3 bOlioese. We are nottbe private proterty of WhiteSouth Alrica. We IIhoold be lookedopon as aitizeol of Booth Africa."ThUll Dr. J. S. Moroka in bitopeninil' IIddreu to tbe S.A. lodianCollgJ'eIl8 at JobaDllesborg a fort­oight Igo.

Dr. Moreka ie Preeident Geaeralof the African ,National OoOlll'easaDd bis fooctloning at the leuionof the S.A. lodian COOife81 In theimportaot capacIty he occopiedIIhoold, rxcept to tbDt'e too obelinate to read tbe ligOI of tbe timeehnve BrignlflcaDa', it were Vet;onwiJe to diuega'td.

Whetber Dr. Moraka had Inmind, principally. bie cnm Banta

reople or Intended bit remark.. to'efllbrace all "hose colour hllll condemned them to the lot u!tlaJlyreeerved {or lepen aod like Dn­tODchables, matt'3n Do~bing. BiBobrervatioDs are today a~ trulr andfullr spplicable to tbe overwhelm.ing majority or Soneh ArricanIoiliaDl, III they are to 801lt~

Africao Africsoll or Eurafrica::e.Tbey aro wise words tbat lize np

the litoltioo precisely aDd coD~ieelr.

In pretellting thllt ""e mDst betreated as hamaD beiog' Ind aatas tolerated evils In tbe land ofoar birth," Dr. Moroka pnt hisf10ger Dpon the root caose of thewcole miachief, vir; wroog .pprOBch.

What IIhoold never and neednever bsve become a "problem" basbeen artificially aod gratnitoDelymade a problem became it hDllbeen "rongly approached from theoouet.

It {,s elementary that dedoction.hued opon talae premiees are boDodto be eqoally wroog. In tbill :callP,ehe fint ralle premise, lUI Dr.Moroka IIhrewdly iadicates, COD.

.ietll In tho all80mptioD that SouthAfrica Ie the private property orwbit'3 Soa~h AfricaDs. The secondill that Sonth Alricon non "hitellare collgeDitall, incapable of reach­log '"hilS' standarda of oivilisatiooaod coHnre. (This io spite of over­whelming evidaDce to the con~ary

and which, [D con!£qaence, reoderethe contention artificial it Dotpoeitively inlliocere) The third ia,tbat belotage is and mtllt continne

. to be their ooalt.erahle lot hecaoaethat is the place ordaioed for themby Natnre or Providence. DiJJaatis­factiOD with that place in thecountr,'1 economy "ill render them,al Dr. Moreb pots it, uothingmore or len than "toleruted evi1&,"

The approach is wroog becaD8llthe lIlSlIumptlooa wieh which itstarts olI'':are all wrong. And themoet Ilerious ..peat of the matter iatbat the auumption., advanced all

juetificaUon ot :lonth Atrica'. Apart.­heid policy, are ftIllly mOI1l thereanlt of wiahfol thlnkiag than ofhoneet COOviCtiOD. 8peec:hee Bochas tbat of Mr. G. P. Jooete, de.putising for Dr. Donges at U.N.O,have a ling ao completely falle as tomake it difficolt to avoid critioieED~

them io terlDa comrared with whichthe adjective 'iolliocelll" staadB forbonuty sod straight-forwardness.

To represent the Uoion &II BdtmooraUo atlte or &B far l1e ila lion.EnropeBa peoples are concerDed, aseatitled to look forward to a tutaro"hea It IIball become one, ;.. iaface of pralloallOllmeots ebal havebeen repented ad 1l80INm, little eJaet~n all iDllul~ to BD1bodl of normal

Intelligeace. And, 01 conne, [t

deceivell nobody, U.N.O. prooobillea!t of all.

All SeDater W. G. BslJillger 181'io plaio DD98t1liehed langnage (videbialetter to the 'Baod Dai1, Mail'of September 28) the' Uoion"methods of goverllment are thoee 0(

an oligarcby-of WhIte 'BBlIekeap'over tbe Blacks. One af II Dumberof facts carefelly witheld h, Mr.Jooete, bat wbich u Sellator Bal­linger adda, '·Mr. Jooete must koow"tall well."

Why tbe Uoioo OovemmeDt gOClI

to the trooble and expense of fortherdiscrediting itlell by its fotile Bodtraoapllrent atl.emptll to get uotruthto pa88 for truth, i. difficult tonnderetBnd. The attitnde of vir­tually every otber coalltrl claimingto be civilised, regarfliog racialdiscrimination, was clearl, enmmedup by Sir Benegal Ban It FIDIhiogMeadow., l&lIt Wtelr, io the followingworda;

"Oc. of lb. i:,ealOJI .viI3 I" lhe...orld, loda" i. racial rr'L'CrimfnatloD,and ",aay caunuiOJ laer.fOTe (orbid itb7 Ia....

"r. h amuloll: thlot at chi. j.Delar.any ",.",ber of tho Ullil.d Naliom.hould e",bark apaD il .. a d.libcf1lte

ra~~~r' "Qctio~.d IDd enron:ed by

Soch, ot conne ill 1I0t Dr. Donjte8'sview. In his eight, White ill Bight.Except 011 tbe rare oCC8llioll.ll "henthat aetate Minhter fineD it ex­pedient to coact'al bill contempt forpigmeotatiOIl wherever it emtp,"colonred" peeplu, according to tbelearned Doctor's phiJOIlOphy. haveno real claim to rigb... It all.Oertainl, 1I00e a.s agni.ll.llt Whitepeople!! aod, moet emphatic:a1lr nOllethat in aDI airCOlDJltanDes warraat.einterference from without in treat­meat, however revoltiog, t.hat malbe brnnght under the d~tion"Domestic Ooncom,"

Dr. Douge. will, we have nD

dOllbt, bitterly reseat tbie criticismu wholly mlerepreeeDtiog bie realvieWII lind BeDtimeata. It may, ofcoort!e bl.', tbat his chaatening of 011

is, \Ill Mr. ]ooete Ileertled to Iloggettto U.N.O , his _, 01 apreseiog hisbrot.herly (or fatherly) love for 1111.

If that be 110, his love for DII ill eer.wDly very great, indeed.

To avoid tbe poeaibility of doingDr. Dongea even the sMaUes!; in.jUltic:e Or of milCOnltroin~his Roodintelltiolll we QlU"t not overlook theMiniater'll eocotll'llgemeJlt of theO.F.S. ~atio~alillt CODgte8I pro.p~1 tbat Traosvaal Indiane 'honldall be herded io one IIren. Thill atBloemfontein &II recently III Ii ;eekago.

A CIlle of dietance lending tn.ohaotment to the view; And ofabseoce makillg the heart ~rawfOllder?

tN_iAM O'~NIO"

SENATOR BROOKES~ SPEECH6th October, i:c50

THE following is thl" full text ofthe thought-prov. king speech

delivered by Senator E. H.Brookes when he declared openthe annLUI provi~cial conferenceof the Natal Indian Congress inDurban on S:!turday September,30.

I th:mk you for the honour youhave done me in asking me to openthis conference:. I regard it as in­deed an honour and also a pleasure.It is true that I have been electedby the Africans to the Senate,but my feeling has always beenthat every member of Parliamentshould represent South Africa a1>a whole. In my lime I havefought for the rights of Afrikaans­speaking and English.speaking, ofAfricaos, of Coloured and ofIndians. Circumstances hav::made you-quite rightly-organiseas Indians in defence of Indianinterests, but 1 kn:w that manyof your h:aders feel with me thatit is the wider conception whichmust inspire and guide you.Many of you are sincerely in·terested in Mric;:\o I progress.May I bespeak your bring alsofor your European fellow-citizens,friends and enemies alike, :mdtbus may we meet today as abody of South Afric:ln citizr.nscaring for the true welfare of aUSouth Africa.

It is not easy for you to takeup this attitude. The governingclasses of European South Africahave shown pretty clea~ly thatthey do not want you. Tbisunpleasant trutb must be faced.To know the truth about your­selves, your friends :md 'enemies,and preserve, while knowing it,calmness and faith, balance and asense of proportion and innerintegrity, is true liberation andtrue victory. Our meeting beretoday is among other things toregister the f:Jet that the SouthAfrican Indian population is anintegral and permanent part oftbe Un.on, and that it willnever expatriate itself. TheUnion as a wbole must accepttbis fact, and must understandthat it cannot continue to treat itscitizens of Indi:1D descent asstrangers and foreigners. Suchan attitude is to run away fromfacts, and evade awkward issue:;,It is immaturity, It is an excusefor inexcusable unfairness.

That it is not always easy tolive together is true but the task ofstatesmanship is to find the bestway of doing so with the minimumof provocation and the maximumof advantage. Let me say thattbis will not be done only bypolitical theories, bowever good,but that personal contacts andpersonal friendships must playtheir part.

It is because the Indian com­munity cannot get the ear of theGovernment and is not repre­sented in P:uliament that it hasturned to outside Powers, especia­lly to India and the United Na-

ions,\ for help. I understandfully your feelings in this reg:ard,and it is not fair to blame youfor them. Vet the re;ll struggleis in South Africa itself, ;lnddifficult though the ta3k may beand disappointing ;IS it bas been,the major task is still to winfriendship snd support from whiteSouth Africa. Be careful thatin overseas appeals and contac:syou do not reverSl: the cours~ oftrue statesmanship and producethe maximum of provocation witbthe minimum of advantage. Imust frankly say th;lt I regardthe reading of a message from theleader of Communist Cbina atthe recent meetings of theS.A.I.C. as likely to produce sucha result. What good I:3n suchsupport do you with either thegoverning classes of South Africaor the majority of the UnitedNations? 1 do earnestly beg you,while in no W;ly blaming you orcondemning all your overseascontacts, to consider the effectsof specific appeals overseas,which are virtually appeals forthe use of sanctions against yourown Government, in relation totheir influencing of public opinionin this country itself.

I realise tbat it is easier togive this advice than to indicatejust what you can do effectivelyin this country. The politicalsituation seerns almost an im­possible one. All doors seem tobe closed. Your efforts to per­suade the white electorate to seeyour 'point of view have not beenvery rewarding. Tbe career ofan anti-Asiatic politician seemsso easy and so successful. Butwe must, in tbe interests of wbiteno less than of non·white SouthAfrica, continue to preach thedoctrine that the future of thisUnion of ours must be built onco-operation, not on division,that the good of each is the goodof all. You must never-nocommunity must ever-accept aprepetual inferiority. Unjust lawsand harsh administration mustbe steadily fought. Again andagain the facts must be made.clear, t\'le principles of equitystated and re-stated, and publicattention drawn both to the mainissues which are involved and totheir practical effects on indi­vidual sufferers. All who standfor freedom must co-operate inthis struggle for a better aadfairer South Africa wbere liberaldemocratic principles will pre­vail, and I am glad to be withyou today as a sign of that co­operation in the conflict for right.

But the political struggle is notthe whole struggle. A commu­nity placed- 35"YOU are, if it isneither to live in a perpetualfever of revolutionary excitemelJl

nor to lose its self-respect, mustusc a period of darkness anddifficulty like the 'present for thebuilding up of its educational,moral and cullural life. Politicalst2tUS is tremendously importantbut it is not all. Indeed there ismuch in the old lines:

"How small of all that humanhearts endure

The p<lrt which !<Iws or kingscan cause or cure:

Still to ourselves in everyplace consigned.

Our own felicity we make, orfind,"

I like to think of this Congress;IS being not only a political organi .sation, but the heart and soul ofits community in the economicand cultural field-a centre oflife, life which is organic andindivisible. I know with wh:!treal caring you have been tryingto help the unfortunate under­paid workers at the bottom of thesocial scale, and efforts to improvethe economic order must alwaysbe a vital part of your work. Ihope that you will also worksteadily for the improvement ofmoral standards ;:\nd of familylife. Vounger people of aU racesare in danger today, because thethrnwing off of old restrictions,some of which ought to go, isapt to become licence andalm"st moral anaTcby. Freedomshould so be used as to strengthenall tbat is lovely and true, notmade a' pertext for indulgingwhat is worst or more depravedin our imagination. Take againwelfare work, even what is some­times called, with something of asneer "charitable" work. Workof this kind-"Fosa" is an ex­cellent example-is not an alter­native to political or economicpropaganda. It is part of what isfundamentally an indivisible end-the progress of the whole com­munity. In a recent article in"The Forum," I quoted JohnBuchan's lines on Montrose asapplying to some of your young"extremists:"

"Wben young men in theirpride made haste

The wrong ro right, thebond to free,"

and I then quoted th,e third line"And plant a garden in the

waste,"\ This is indeed a legitimate aim

for all young men. There is a,. garden to be planted in the waste

of buman suffering and frustra­tion. Tbe planting' will not aUbe done by people whom we con­sider ortbodox pulitical thinkers.Some of them will be very simplefolk. All have their part toplay. The cymbaLs are not thewhole orchestra. And the scene

\ in which we work may be very"imple too. Tbis Congress which

II

has totiched the nations of thaworld lD Conference at LlkeSuccess, has its place also in lhehumblest hure home in Durbanslums or tucked :lway in thetumble of hills behind the NorthCoast Railway Iino:.

As we must not fear to belittle, so we need not fear to begreat; and there is much work tobe done in the cultural sphere,in the sphere of ;lrt and literatureand science and of higher learn­ing. 1 am heart and soul withyou in the baule to keep theUniversities of Cape Town and theWitwatersrand open toall students,as true Universities should be. Butbecause our own University ofNatal has chosen for the presentto follow the method of parallelclasses, do not pour aU youractivity into the task of breakingdown this colour bar. Put atle~st some of it into the harder,the more rewarding and perhapsthe more import:mt task of souodscholarship and creativr work.Inevitably much of Indian uni·versity education in Ihe past hasconsisted of hard, slogging workby part-time ~tudents, many ofthem teachers, to obtain qualifica­tions of professional value. ButNatal needs all your beart andyour intelligence put into livingand original work. While Ihenon-European classes remainseparate, let it be yoLir ambitionto make them second to none intbe Union in creative work, re­se:lrch, the love of truth and ofbeauty for rheir own sakes. Herethe doors stand not indeed wideopen but certainly ajar. Presstbrough them. There are moreways than one to tak", Ihe citadelof freedom.

I thus envisage for you a con­tinuance of the struggle forpolitical freedom. for ..conomicopportunity :lnd for civil liberty.I also envislge an effort, with allthe gifts of head and heart thatGod has given you, to turn yourenemies m white S"uth Africainto friends. Finally I bave putbefore you a programme of actionoutside the directly polil.cal field-a programme most urgentlyneeded and most desirable inkeeping a sense of Ploport-on andof inner p: Ice which the"skin-game" of p~litlci alone,even pl;yed in a wholly goodcause, tends to endanger.

I thank you for the preciousgift of your frendship. You havemuch to gIVe your friends. Godbless you all.

I now decl:lte this C'nrer~nce

of the Nat::!1 Indian Congre$", duly open.

country offers to mankind.When they entered rhe competi­tive market N,dal was trans­formed and b~came the gardencolony. -

Test or Western.Civilisation

: 06

MR. SELBY MSIMANG,Secretary· General of the

• African National Congress,. in his speech at the opening

of the Conference of theNatal Indian Congresq in Durbanon Saturday, Septcmber 3D, said:

I thank you, Mr. President Jndyour Execullve Commlllee farthis honour and privdege; m"reso in that it follows so soon aflermy President·Gcneral. Dr. Moroka. had not only gr:lced butwas garlanded by your SouthAfrican Confercnce not manyweeks ago.

You meet at a lime \\Il II lJl

thc hislory of Soulh ACnL'the need W:lS never greaterfor the non-European r:lccs rochangc their attitude . tow.lr~seach racial group :lDd adlust theirrebtioos-spHilu.l1 relatioos-insuch a manner as to briog withinthe realms of praclical polidcsthe active CU operation and mu­tual helpfulness betwcen them·selvcs. \Ve have rcached :I stagein the life of our relallons whenthe differences of wh:ltcvcr kindor nJlurc should be submergedto :I!low for the spanraneusgrowth :lnu devdopmeor of thosevir:ll qUJhucs which :llone mustne~ds Invll;Qr,lte and strengthenthe bonds of UllllY between us,

By a strJn<:;e COIncidence ofbbrury It was India and whJtthar grear and wonderful countrywas able, "hen Aftle:! was yetuuknown to the outSIde world,ro give ro rhe world Ihat itneeded most,'tllar kd to her dIS'covery by tbe European r:tces.IndIa bad:l contnbutl:m to makero \Vestern clv,lISJlIon whichmade it pOSSible for I' 10 rCJchthe beigbt~-l am .lImos! temptedro say. rhe heights of ~erfecuol\­

(If evo:r)-wbich rhose who repre­sent it in thiS country out of sheeraudacity now clJlm it as theirexclusive rnon;,poly. The firstEuropean sttller,; came (0 tIllSCllllnlry to esrabl,sh a sratlon forsupplies ro ~hlps proceedIng' 10

and from Indi:!. They were followed by others ard then aflertbem came dIamond so:ekers,sugar C:ule planters and goldbunters. In no gre~t length oftimo: resort had to be made toIndiJ f"r the much needed labour00 the sligar cane fields, willchwere de.veloping along thesecoa~ts. In the progress of time.the India~s, who were none otherthan coolies. as they were thencalled, forllfied as they were byan older civilisation. soon provedthev were not de.srined to remainfor all rhe lime m the Slratem ofcoolie labonr. By ,heer thril,endurance :lmi personal sacrifice,they ro,e, as Ir were. from slavelabour to rake thci~ place In thecompetition for the enjo) ment oftbe bounteous gifrs of Me thi;

INItIAN OPINION

MR. SELBY MSIMANG'S SPEECHferiority complex into a superior­ity Dr busbp. That, then, is theposition today.

Looking back studiously overthe pnt forty years and going sugeby stage, examining' the struggle ofthe non Europc.'In people toattain what rhey considered were

A new era-a resting era- human rigbts to which they areemerged from the ascendancy of morally entitled, I have beenthe Indian in the economic field. compelled to come 10 the con­Western civilisation was soon pUt elusion that these efforts haveto the acid test of ils stability and hesn misdirected. We seem tocompetence to rise :lbove the have been engaged in a fight for:lntics of a cornered monkey. democratic rights as if we wereUnder the stress :1Dd strain of the living in a democratic cOUll try.severity of the test suggered and We seem to have been askillg theshowed signs of instability and white people of this country tosuperficialHY whIch put fear into give us what they themselves haverhe heatl~ of the white people. not got to give. HerrenvolkismDtlven by fear they ...... in des excepting in tbe Cape Provinceperarion became fanarics and and to some extent in Naul, hasst:lrted to cre:lte 'conditions wbich always been the form of govern­at once confirmed in a peculiar ment. They know no otber.way tbat however hi~hly civilised Democracy to them is of foreignaD individual mJY be, :IccorJing importation. When they speakto accepted standards, his capa- of "saving white civilisation" andcity for development can only be of preserving 'democratic rightsmeasured by his achlvemenrs in exclusively for themselves, theythe sphere wherein inanimate avow their determination to in­nature is rhe subject of exploita- voke the law of the jungle aodtion. In the science of the rela- enforce it in letter and spirittionship of man-the science of against us; they declare agaiosrliving together of hum:ln beings- the scriptural injunction, thoughhe completely fails and becomes they claim to be Christi.ans, tothe living example of rhe order "do unto others as you would bewherein the law of the survival done by:' By the "Baaskap"of tbe fittest rules supreme. slog;lo they openly rebel againstUnder the ghastly cloud of fc.'lr, the teachings of our Lord Jesusrepresentatives of Western civilis:!- Christ, panicularly tbat parttion began ro squeal and to in· where He says: "Whosoever wiIJvoke as a last bastion of the law be grc.'lt among you let him be"of self·preserY:ltion-a replica of your' minister, and whosoeverthe law of rhe jungle. Hence will be chief among you, let himthey sporulate the policy of be your servant."differential trc:!rment between Philosophy Of Mahatmam:ln and man and impose :1n GandhiarbitlO1ry line of demarcation Confronted, tberefore, as wewhich cuts rhrough the social are by self-contr3dictory ideology,homogeneity of mankind based fon the 3cciden[ of colour. The masquerading in the name 0

Christianity and democracy onrecent development of this policy the. one h:lud, and superiority or

~:ti:=t ~~;iS~~::i~r:en~;;r:f~~: ~=::. :;:d:b:b:h:r;ga~~:nt~:Group Areas Act and the Sup- basic tenets 'of democncy andpression of Communism Act by\vhich they hope to subordinate uphold Herrenvolkism as thethe standard of person,l worlh basis of government, it behovesand conduct of the individual to us as Don-Europeans to reviewthe regions separated by a colour our relations and polilica.1 stra­line, irrespecrive of the most viral tegy. We bave to accept tbatcharacteristics which If blended ,one cannot reason with a mantogether could crystaHse inlo :Iud obsessed with fear. more sn if one,harmonise with the Christian is tbe object of that fear. Noprinciple of the brotherhood of J amo,unt of logic, eloquence andman in the shrine of the F:ltber- debattn,g prowe~ C2D m.'I.k~ sucb

ho~d of God. ~a~i~g thus lost ~~~:rs~h~r:f:~to~:1s~~g;w::theIr st:lture of. CIVIlISed persons vision and inspiration in the re­they hastened to develop a Hgion faith and philosopby ofsubterful:e;ta 3 solace to their Maba'tma Gandbi. We bave to

discomfiture and posed 30 :lrt!- appreciate that South ~frica ~ inficial superiority over the orher danger :lnd thaI the unlled rmght,human groups, scrupulously re- tbe unired spiritual might, of the

legating to rhe background tbe h~;·EI'°~;:k ~n tb~IO~~ir~~::Jessenrial qualities thereof. In mi;ht b'eColuse I realise that tothat way rhey turned :In in. employ physical f~rce we might

~th October, 950

drive (t:Ir 10 madness, and more·over, history has provtd th:.Jt nobattIe of armaments bas everbeen won. Ours, therefore, musthe a spiritual. warfare-bloodlegand yet all-conquering.

Bread And Butrer POliticsJ am persuaded, no, fully con·

vinced by my study of the historyof tbe Indians in tbi3 country,that we sbould not deviate, hutintensify our struggle aloog eco·nomic lintS. That way lies oursalvation and the salvation of ouroountry. We must g3ther ourwb;;le might, pool our etIergies inthe economic field as the salientand vulllerable point of awck.South Africa is in the thresholdof great industrial developments.Industry has become particularlyaffected by the unsettling resultson the population of controversialissues. We have to recognisethat until industry is higblymechani5ed it wiIJ need more :lndmore of our bbour in proportionas it expands. This is the timeto seek an agreemetlt with in­dustry. Our racial groups aredirectly concerned with breadand buner politics. In almostall the industries one finds In­dians, Coloures and Africansworking side by side ill perfectharmony. Tbe Government isnow busy tbrowing a spannerinto the wheels of oUt unitymovement by separating ourracial groups in employment, and,as you already know, the DurbanMunicipality is getting rid of itsIndian employees to make roomfor Afri=. We must prevelltthis by alI the means :It our dis­posal. We C3D do it. Our Na­tional Day of protest which, asyou know, was designed as ademonstr:ation of what power t:aJ1

wield if only we could forget ourracial group differences (or thecause of a united front, was,according to my assessment, omunqualilied Success. A!!d as anindication of our spiritual mightit proved tbat we can create ast:uldstill of every macbine.

'industrial machine in thecountry. Industry is aware ofthis and now seeks a conferenceto settle what it calls tbe Nativequestion. We should offer in­dustry to '(ttle the question ofthe relations between employer<lnd employee with the leaders oftbe people directly concerned. Iam'convinced that if our leadencould formulate proposals regu­lating the conditions of employ­ment, w;ages and other amenitia-,.:ItId seek a conference' with in.dustry thereon, the resul~ mightcbange the complexion of thepresent political situ:ltion for tbebetter. \

But this by itself annot beenllugh or ~ffectiv~.. It ~ust gotogeth~r With a JOlDt U1tetUivC"

6th OClober. 1950 • N It I AN OPINION 107

ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF NJ.C.

organisation. educ:ation and dis­ciplining of our forces. \YJe mUltderive the incentive for its in­tensific:ation from the deep-rootedconviction that we fight for demo­cracy in its orthordox sense andtLDi~e:rsal me:aning. MahatmaGandbi believe:d :IS no man didin tbe spiritual power tbat lies inpassive resistance and in civildisobe:dience. We can understandit be:tte:r if I would put it to youin tbis form. Those of our peoplewho have been victimised as aresult of our National Day ofProtest could have be:en protectedif our joint spirit ual might couldhave been so set and consolidate:das to give a reply to Durban'saction by a resc;unding call to al1our units tbroughout tbe Unionof Soutb Africa to lay tools down0lS a protest against the victimisa­tion of some of us. I say, thesemen could not have lost tbdrjobs. I say we can still vindicatetheir action if we could' go outfrom here rigbt now, fire:d asnever hefore with the determina­tion to get every man, woman,boy and girl of each racial groupioto tbe crusade for the liberationof South Africa from the monsterof fear and racial discrimination.1£ we adopt as our weapon thespiritual force, not ooe of ourr:lcial groups can succeed withoutthe other. Our cbrion call toout people must therefore beII Joio the crusade for the hbera­tion of South Africa from themonster of fear and racial dis­crimination:'

Spi!"itual CauseA spirit~al cause is sacred. It

harbours no mahce against any­body. Ir must not therefore betainted with batred, arroganceand rapacity. Ina,much as wemils fight to deslroy 'these tr:lilSin the re];\lionship of our res­pective racial groups. we mustnot have th:m :lg.llnst olbers, forour crusade is not agalns, th"the indlvidu.ll or raCe but :lgalD,':a system which ,brealens to5ub.Derg~, b-s;,\urcn and destroyour counlry. If we seek a demo­cralic form of government becausewe bold that the present or anyother Government slDce UnIonhas Det in fact been democraticin form and character, in ourfighl we must observe therefor"the rules and uphold the prin­ciples ot democucy, first amongourselves and then toward> others.We have m thiS country Europeanmen and women of goodWill aDdtruly d:mocratic in oullook whomight align tbemselve. w,th ourc.1llSe if II-.ey cculd be convincedand assured of our honc,.y cf

, purpose :.nd the rJghleIJusnc>s ofour causc. We must strivc 10

enEst tlleir moral cnd :lC"Iivesup?Jrt.

I would be false to myself andf:lil in my duty 10 my own people,if I dosed this address withoulas slrong an appeal one memberof another racial Rroup can maketo tbe other. I make no aplogiesfor this. I hold that the 'strainedrelations in the: P3st between In­dians and AfriC3ns which culmi­nated in the most regrettableriots in thi~ Cily, some monthsago, represented the e:ruption of:I volono whicb had been fester­ing for some time kindled by anumb~r of insignificant pin.pricks my people received at thchands of yours in their day-to-daydeal.ngs. There is, generallyspeaking, too much of :I displayof the most annoying air ofsuperiority some of your peopleallow to play a conspicuous partin their treatment of my people.Zulus are essentially and basic lilya proud race, yet they can beloyal cven to docility, dependingentirely on one's behaviour to­wards them, If you accept theprogramme of action I have en­deavoure:d to put before you,there will have to be a drasticchange in the general . Uitude ofsome of your people towardsmine in order to achieve success.To ilIllStrate this type of aris­tocratic aloofness wblch cannever foster the spiril of cooperation between our r.lces, 1would mentio:l an iocide .• t wll.chhappened to me not many daY$ago. I was travelling by bus 10

our town when an Indun hdyboarded il. It was fuIt, and ~e_t­

iDg with me was .a youn~ schJulgirl. 1 politely asked Ihe gIrl lugive rhe se.!t r.l the Ind.an j~di.

To my surprise and dl>gu,t :>u"treated my cour",s.e:> With rheutmo.I c.Jmempl WIlhout eV~JI +l

than I< you. Sue.1 c.:nJuct, trifhngthough It lIuy b=. I. mj~' em­barr.>s:>log .Iod lD.>k<s eo.opera­tion dtfin'h"y ,m,J".s,ble. Weonn,'. jU.IJuably aCCllse o~ber

Til.:es of a conduct we ourselvespractise towards other people. Ihave said that the struggle inwhIch non-Europeans are en­gaged IS a spiritual one. Tbingsof the spirit arc sacred. Unityof p:ople, to be real and dynamicmust spring from the soul fro~

rhe unshakable will to throw inonc's Jot with tbe others. With­out tbese qualities, unity is unrealand a farce. I£ tbe standar.:i Iam laying down upon which weshould build the struclure of aunited front is too cxacling andunacceptable, that we cannot doto others as we would like themto do unto us, if we cannot traveltogether in the spirit of truecomradeship and be prepared toshare alike the ups and downs ofthe struggle, then Sir, let us give

up the attempt now. The odds,however, arc :Igainst us. Theseof us who :rppreci:lte Ihe serious­ness of the polilic:rl position inthis country. should leave nostone unturned to remove :IDY

THE annual Conference ofthe Natal Indian Congress

which was opened by SenatotE. H. Brooks in Durban onS!l£urday September 30, com.pleted its session on Monday.In expressed its firm convictiontbat while the basic strugglelor human rights for tbe Indianpeople lay in ~outh Afric 1

itself, "world snpport for ourjust came is mo~t dfsiral)]eanel necessary~ \Ve, tbereforewelcome with I!:ratitudc tbemessaRes of support received bytbe Indian p~ople of the UnioDIrom outside tbe borders ofS mth Africa."

This declaratiOn came fromConferen 6 after many •pea~ ersbad referred to tbe statemento'ade by S~n ltor Blook·s at tbe('peOinf of the C mference onSaturday, warning Ihe Ldi mpee-pIe of the dangers of gettio~

suppert (rom certain oUlsir esources. Senator Brooks hadreferred in parli.:ular to tbemessage received ly the SouthAfrican Indian Cool{res> I r"mGeoeral Mao Tse_Tung le~der

"f COlDlDunist Cbina:After xeco;diD~ lIs renewed

confidence In the United Na­t.on5 Or~anisahon t 5 tbe onlyplactical iDSlrument by meansof which tbe people of theworld can Succeed In averlin/:anotber world war, Coole'enceexpressed the bope tb90t whentbe Indian question is d.~cussed

hy tbe Geoeral Assembly of ILeUnited Nations .t would ".a~e

an effective decision aDd actionoutlawiog racialism io SoulhAfrica and all parts o{ tbe

-wotld so tbal the principlrs aDdpurposes of tbt: UN Cbarter Dndtbe IOlernatiooal J)ecluatwnof Hurnaa Righls can h'lllepractical meaOlD!! to the Indiaopeople of South Afnca and ollleroppressed peoples uf the wodd."

The Group Areas ActTbe Coofer~oce condemned

the Group Areas Act &s a me:l.sure whicb would laster racial~Iclusivenessand t.>erehy retardthe ,:rowth of barmonev aDdc'lDeord between tbe d'-lIert:ntS cllons of tbe eOllre SoulhAfrican nation, aDd \\-ouldcreat" conditions which wouldcO.J.pell tb~ Indian commUDityeither to expatriate ilse!! or toexist io abject poverty.

Con{etflnee noted witb alarmtbe recent tbreat lJy lbe Minis.cx of the lDlt:llOr th"t

impediment or conduct inimial10 our ause ;Ind strive as neverbefore to cement· the good rela­lions which have sprung up fromthe ashes of Ihe Indo-Africanriots a few months :lgo.

'Would be prepared to consideoDe area only wherein to COD'

fiDe the Indian cOlDmunity in aprovince which would result bthe tot:ll and immediate econo·mic ruin of the community withexpatriation as n consequencetbereor. It was resolved "CO)­sistentty to oppose this measureby all leJ:!ilimate ml'aos andmore particul!lrly calls uponthe Indian commuDlty not tuco operate 10 aoy way in theadministration of tbis Act."

Non-EuropeanCo.Operntion

A resolutions on Non-Eur '.peaa co-operation welcomejtbe growitig unity particularlybetween tLe Indian and theAfrican people. Th: resolutiollc.. lled up,n Coogres> brancbe~

throughout Natal to eSlablishimrne Jiately, joint committeesof Alricans, lOdian and Co­loured leade.s iD their respeclive arei'S 10 ~ive dIe ct to tbepolrcy of No·-·-u'"rl':ln co­opelrtion iD lell,'r an" fplr"!. '

Civic AmenitiesA "Ulna-r of "Solullons deal

ing with civic amenltie'i I:lc:use1the local autl.orities of ne~lect

ing lbe needs of tbe Non. Eurnp­eaa people. The Dur' a 1 C,ty~ouocil was called upoo 3°t~row open the :'IfunicipalL,brary to all the citlzens <IfDurban, wb.te and Non whi'eand tbe ~unicipalities 01 D I _

baD and Pllermart,z ~urg wer'

requested to removf' rIlc, ... l d"crirninat;oa in their -transportserVtce~. Unless the lod "peoples are given "dl qu" ...civic ameDltle", a rf"SOhH lUllstated, "[bey WIll Ie compelle itil cons,uer very "~rJOU,ly.

whetber II ey sheul" c 'otlnu­P~YlDg tbelr rates wlI!Jout ~cl­

lIug arlequ:"p. and equ," ClV'\.

ameDitie~.u •

Suppressio:! OfCommunism Act

After declarin~ th .. t tb~Suppres<ioc 01 Communism Actwas the most lar--ellchiog mea­sure eo')C'ted t>y t'he Natioo:tr~

ist Government atteckio"" thecivil liberties of alI ~'huthAfricans, and Slating that tbisAct '\Vas io palticular a chal­leoge to tba very existence oftbe national libf'ration movement of tbe NOli.Euro..,eaopcople. Confereoce coHea upoathe Union G<Jveroment fortb.

(r"ou OUR OWN OORRESPONIlZln;)

Baroda, Seplember 23.

OUR INDIA LET~[ER

pletely., He alIa nrged peopleto riae above petty coDBideralionsof pt'OvloclalisDl and parochlal­leDl, anti added: "Oar daty i.8to makl'l the coaotry etrODg.Oor dat, Is not to abulle othersor fling mud at them. Tbatlowers the prestige of a couutr"Strong nalIona meet enry obal­lenge iD a fortbrlght mannerwit bout resortlDI{ to obeap taotlcsor retllDg aDger bave the bellerof them."

30@

erto MilnorTho c ·"fH~OCA e'xrre!lled It,

,1"cu..bt 8pmpl'Iby wllb the!:- IU'U ~.0~1" of Calo M,anor

":'0 1J~ .... 1'.('0 con pe-lled to11 .. IU oll"ok oell'pmtnll 88 Il

r,~ oil I" lbe nl'~leot of theD .rlo-n Oirv CllOIlOil to makeprovlol/lh lor African workeu

• "'" .. ••. "" ", t.>u,..,ia} bl.uJco nw",c;nl lir" of lh" oity."

.. Wit lif' c\.Qoincrd", tbe·re·o'lotion a,ldell. "tbat lho ebaokprubh·m In Dorbao arilles funda­l: ' .._U) frrw tbo denial to tbeAfrlc~n p.op!" 'be baelo rightto own a&d occupy lend Ireelyin Sculb AI fica".

The ConCer01oco diclared ilslotal "Po "811;on 10 tbl'l plan ofDorhan City Council to expropn­It'" lbuillon t."Wln lJ. JH.~I·Jft 10 (",4l..­

Manor becaoBo it wae coovloo~d

tbBl tl.l( "'b" "arl ot ,b.. Coon­o\l'e "elnle'er pleD 10 uproot IboIndl"n ptoplo or Dorban and lieonviro08 Ibrongb lie polioy oflIyetemllc e:lproprlalion of In­dian owed IBUd,"

Tb.. <. oofertDcA nrlded tbataHernal" land w ..~ 1t~"i1 ..blo tohome tbe African poopl" of CatoMeo"r end -.:slit'" upon thl'Bo.boriliee coocHned to removeth.. la"d " 81110,lon operaUDI{a~ailJsl lht Aflle." ".uple.

[l'ucalionConlerE" c~ 1I0le,I ... lIb appre­

hpn810n 'I.~ '''O,",ltlg Pfobltm oCfindiull ,cl" I acotluH.dalioo (orIo,lIeo o. ,Ill .. II uf II." Provincewilh over 30 II II Iodian ohlldrEOnaIrtbtly '" bOUI sohoo!.. It waaof Ihl> cou~idored opinion ",hatthe pr.,bJt:w ul j hUlclh ..... uL.4u... uin 'N .. ""j " II , U ~ulv ...\l lty

mol" " ..,url tJ 1'."'11 nit I! bUt1 pro-"lblOO 01 .cbool hUll,!,,,... bp 111MPrOVI.oCllli AJauuiplult h!'

Employm 'nt For IndiansIn lEOSolDtlon oD Indian I'm'

pl"J m~ol (onf..rpnoe tlr" d theIb" Union Gnve'lJm..D\ ~nd loc81I u,t"'I\'I('oI 10 J>ro" .. I .. employ­roO'"t ,f Imliane io their oleriCl'l.traneporl and otbel' eervlol'lI InNatal.

AErie .. " Trad Uni'JnsFoll fUppOt't wae civen by

Ihe Oonfet'ence to the demand oftbe AfrIcan people for the Afri.can people for tbe recogultion ofAfrican Trade Union nnder theIndustrial Oonolllatlon Aot.

Nt'w OfficialsDr, G. M. Nalcker was r8­

eleotfld Ptealdent of tbe Nalal In'dlan Oonlll'ele. Mr. Debl BlnKbW8l'I re-eleoted OeuHal Seo·"tar'lthE' followi ug .... tro ,Ieole... vic,,"President: Mr. V. Lawrence. Dr.Motal•• A. I Meer. Mr. Bander,n. G Harbao~. R M. Naldoo.Dr. Oounsm. lIr. PonEOD, B, B.lIaDlial end Aehwltt Obaudree

1t. hou. tr8lUlnr~r': Mr. 8 M.Ma,at lind Dr. faIlB,achl.

Confidence In PrimeMinillter

"TElERE coold Dot have beena mure IhnmploR.vote of

ooofid~ooo in Ihe PrlmB Mlnll1lerIh8t what wal by Implicationl{iveD at NaaHe," .aId 5brl O'R'illollalachat'I, aummlDIl Ill' thereoolCo of CODgeeoe deliberationat NAelk. "Polltlcally It wella VEOrS' BlICCeB9foi ll~ealoD. andtho." wbo tbtrated Cor s"lDlalloDBId"veloplnelJt were mocb dill'appoloted. Pa,IDlir a trlbate tnSbri TeDdoo bo eaid: Hie ex­Position of Hlndn rellllion andcollot'e made the way smoolhfor lbe dl.pelllog (If eJl aDxletlpai ~ uapect 01 commnnal polley."H.. addEOd: "I (nlly realloe PaoditJewebarlal Nebro'e difficulties,!>tle I think the seealon nr-derBbri Tendon bas made It easy{er Pandlt Nl'hru to uonUnoem Ddlnll tbe atralrl of the nallonnot only III Prime Minister botalao biB presence ID the Sopremecommittee a tbe party. I be­lived tbat the slate of affairs Inoor coontry dl'maDdB the COo­lIDoed atlendonoB of both thePrime Minieter and lb" DepnlyPrime Minister,"

"Landmark 10 History"Dr. R. Ahmed. West Ben2\lI'.

Mnellm Miniater, hailed theNpoik CongreBS resolntlon onoowmoDaliam 88 a landmark Inth" bislory of Iodla, "I "m ODeof lbese," be Bald, "who heli...etb~1 Ibill Is a tDrnlog polot Inblbtory. leader to the ulUmale1101<1 we have In view-:heevolnlion of Il COmmon nallon'ali,y Iilld Ii co IIIman Indiancullure iD, onr grEOst oountry,Rlx Mllslim leadero of WeatBengal exprened aclll witb tbePhtnU"uC IOJdrea~. eDd apPEOaletlt· P .. ki8 an "'0 lak.. Ii Itfronfrom I,"llll lOud put tbelr boneein order on the lISme IdEOology."

"~ongress Still Powerful""The Congress is the migbtest

polltlO&1 orl(lJol."llen In tbe OOUD"Iry, 80d ther" Is no olbor Organl­sallon whlcb can tako ila plac,,"old P"nd.t N ..brn on lbe 220dbefore Btodenls at Gandblnllar(N~~IIr). Tb~ Nalk eeaaiOD, hesaid. _honld open tbe eyes ofaU people Ibat tbe OOoRre11l W8IJ

stl11 powerfal eUlIoah to lIet ItsOur houee In order. Be efD.­phaelBerJ tho Intei-DBlioual aatid,nam!o. H.. IlIked Pl'oplo toemola\" lb.. .orlllade of thep~ople to Japan Bnel Hrltaln whuhad, lu III "e'ermlned 'WltyBOlved thel <liW"oltieti orealedby tbo .IIIB \'III whloh hadI baLtered Ibtllr economl6s oom

OPINION

Against CommunalismTho COnllreBS reeolntlon on

eommonatlem recorded the ,Con­frrelll approval of Lbe Indo Paki'Itan AI/reement and, after eon­demnlDR' tbe 'splrlt oC communal­Ism and tbe miBuee of rt<lIRIon,Went on to Bay: r "Tbls ConIlles!!,therefor ... l1eclares that It Ie tbebasio polloy of tbe nalion. 8Sreaffirmed in the COD8titution,that India is a democratio etatewblob, while btlnoorinli: everyfaitb. neltber lavourll nor dia­orlmlnales a/lalnst an, partioularrelilt10n or Ita atlhet'enls, andwblch givEOa eqnal rights andfreedom of opportaally to aUcommnnltlea 10 Dury this 'greatmesaage and to live 'lip to it andto combat every form of com·munalillm or separatism inlnula'"

Nehru's Plain-SpeakingSpeakiog 00 thie resolntlon in

the open aeBBion Ilf tho OongreQPandit Nt<bra deolared that Ia­dla'e relalione with Paklelaowoold follow tho clear PAtb ofInlerDallonal praollce -:- negolia­Llonll first, mediation next, andarbitration laat. On 00 aocoontwoold his Goveruwent permitIbEOlDselvesto be /loaded inlo war.ring with Pllki~tan. If Congrepsdid Dol lal<1' Ih.t policy. lel th~msay ao. and be wonld Qall thePrime lIIinisl"r'l', poat be Mid,aDd added: "I am Primo Ministertoday b"can.e yuu have oboeenme. H yon wllnt me liB PrIme~Hnl.ter. 1'00 havo to follow mylead DDtQllivD03l1y. If yoo doDot waDl me to remalD PrimoMinisler, yOD tell me eo and Isball KO I will not hl"Sitalt'o Iwill nol argne. I will RO out and811M ind,,"ondently fo, tbe Ideals

. ot Ill" C"ogreaB "II I ba...o doneall tbree $ean."

India'a Foreign PolicySpEOlII""R in fbI' 80"j"C'8 Ot'm.

miltt'"'" I\h tht' .lr .ft rl..",h:.\I(1nh05'r'.vlr,w 'b· 0·\", r,1mt'nt of1",11,,'. IlIfdRtI P l,ey. P.tnditN .. hrn Hilpr~t"ll IQ.Il .. '~ polio,of nlln·allgnm..nl wleh pow~r

6th October, 1950

block". lond renewed hl~ appealfor tbe adm!s~ion of N'3w OblnaInlo tbe U,:JII~d N It!-oDS. "Tbewhole QIJPeliOD, IJotb oC w1.:\1 II

happ.mln8 In tbe flSr E 'At and

eVen mare liD 01 whllt lit Rcing tohappen In tbe UN." said he

"somehow 'arDlI round tbls qUe5~tion of tbe admiasfon ot Cblna

to the UN n III a vllal illeoe onwblcb t~e Intnre of tbe UNdepends" H'3 said India'lIpolicy which aimed at aoa­a Iigome .It with aDd gronp ofDallonl a9 against another 1n'0Up.

He said a world war W8lI aterrible thiuK to contemplatll.and he had DO donbt that, wbat­ever the reenlt of that "lar. "cbe

world 8e we know It wm oe31eto be." Ever Bince the Korean

war IItarted we tried oor beBt. in

50 far BJI we coold. to try topreveDt it (rom bl'comlnR a world

war. I do submit that the policywe have p'llrsaed haa borne SOmelittle fralt." Today tbe chaDcesof that war spr~dlng in tbe Dearfntore were fill' leos.

India's Role

Replying to tbe erlUclemB88IDat the es!ablitlbmeot ofIndian emba881es In many eOlln"

trleB. Pandit N"brn said: "Wehave bf:'eo PDshed and draRlledinto foreign offairs lIimply be­cauee ao indep8nd8nt Indi" III acountry tbat cannot keep apartfrom forelllo IIff..hll, wbetber welike It or not· Y0tl ~re oat II

Iwsll. petty oountry. What YnlJsay "nd do iDevitably afftctl! theworld, and If It doe9 not affect It.today it wUl affeot It tomOrTOW

Olber oountries WAnted to estab­lish relations with India. andIndia had to do the eame. FDrvariooe reaeoD8, haVing beoomeindependent, It becsme ine9i'abrefor India to Bpread alit In thisway al1d (or ber to bt. entangledin wbat W3S bappening In tbeUN aod elaewhere."

Assam Earthquake

ThE' Sonth AfrJelln IndianCODllrEOB9 hae seot to PandltN, hl'o. tbn Prime Miuislor ofIndia a Dabl" 10 whloh il e:rpreSB­e~ lie b~..rl(.. I: 8ympalb, to the~tC'IOlfl o{ eb" r"opot AaRAml'RrlhQIJ .1.:,. In In \I. Th., -Con.;:r"''''t' hn ... i:JfI'.I", .1 ... ,p '\~ to Ihe

Intllao D"opl" 10 l'+,,,,lh A(,,~ torf'OdH :tIl f1('~8ibl .. aui"'sTlo" 10lhe dllllrellllf'd. .,

61h October, 1950 OPINION 309

NATURE CURE GUIDANCEBy Robert Lawrence McKibbin

(The following Is of a series of articles on Nature Cure. written by Mr. Robert Lawrence McKibbin,40 (a), Commissioner Street, Johannesburg. Mr. McKibbin wlJr be pleased to answer throughthese columns any questions the reader may wish to 2sk.-Ed. 1.0.]

GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERSWHENEVER a case of duo-

denal or gastric ulcer comesalong, it is most interesting tolIote the patient's answer to thequestion, "Did you ever take bi­carbonate of soda or so-and-so'spowders for indigestion, heart­burn and stomach di~orders1"Almost without exception thepatient will tell how he used tohave heartburn or indigestionand started taking bicarbonate torelieve it. This helped a bit, thenbter he switched over to "so-and­so's" powders. They helpedtoo-for a time. Then he foundout he had a stomach ulcer. Thedoctors then put bim on tbe so­called "white diet" of crackersand milk and so on, and gave himbrge bottles of something likemilk of magnesia or aluminiumsilicate powder or some otherdope to "kill" the acid in hisstomach. Finally, they suggestedoperating. But he was not sokeen. He knew too many peoplewho had been operated on withgreat success-and then neededanother operation a bit later: Andthen-yes, tbe operations arealways a great success, but thepatients will be perverse and dieinstead of getting better. So bedecided to find out what Naturecure methods could do.

It was the great J. Ellis Batkerwho pointed out that doctorswho hand their patients over tosurgeons are, by so doing, pub­ishing the fact that their medi·cines are a failure. Yet we flndthat operations are suggested in somany cases of stomach ulcers.Surely this ought to make peop'ethink and realise that there must besomething wrong and decidedlywrong in .the methods of treat­ment 1 It really is amazing howblind people can be to simplefacts. One would expect betterfrom the doctors, who have sucha long and strenuous training.But tbat very training often mak:sit difficult for them to see andthink straight.forwardly. Taketbis bicarbonate of soda business,for instance. Medical studentsmust study chemistry as part oftheir training to become doct"rs.And the science of chemistryteaches that acids are neutralisedby alkalis. Bicarbonue of sodaand milk of magnesia are .alkalis.So when a patient comphins ofacidity of the stomach, what seemssimpler than givinl bicarb':>nateof ~OQa or milk of magnesia to"kill" the acid 1 They would workjust like tbat b a test-tube in tbechemist Iab':>ratory.

Unfortunately, a human being'sstomach is not a laboratory test­tube. If bicarbonate of soda, orany other alkali, is taken into thestomach it will "kill" the excessacid, true enough. But it wiunot remove the causes nf theexcess .acid. And it will not stopthe stomach from making moreacid.

Nature ill not fooled so easily.Whenever the stomach nukesto;) much acid, tbere must be acause. If tbe cause is not re­moved, the stomach wilt continueto make acid. And if the acid ill"killed" by adding alkalis, thehard-working old stomach getsbusy and makes still more acid tooffset the alkali. So condition.sget worse instead of better.

How does stomach aciditystart, then 1 Well, there aremany causes, one of the chiefbeing nibbling titbits in betlveenmeals and at the wrong times.Nigbt workers, for instance, whoeat a mid-oight meal, are verymuch inclined to become victitruiof stomach troubles. So tooare the jolly fellows whl:' takebdies to theatres and dances andend up with midnight feasts. Onthe other hand, office workerswho worry a lot and wbo eat asand Nich with one hand whiledoing some important work withthe other, are just looking fortrouble. When we do mentalwork, a great deal of blood goesto the brain. If we eat food, rheIto.nach needs plenty of bloodfrom which to draw liquid fordigestive juices. That is why weget sleepy after a heavy mal; tbeblood is drawn away from tbebrain to the stomach. But if wedo mental work while the Stomachis ginn food to digest, most oftbe blood goes to the brain, andthe stomach does not get enoughto do its job properly.

Other vic.ims of stomJchtroubles are bus and lorry driverswho are seated bunched up forhours at a time and whose nerv~sare strained from driving througbhe~vy traffic. We all know bo'Rone's stomach seems to pull IDtoa knot when a bus nearly collideswith som~ otber vehicle. If thishappen:> to a driver day after day,somethlDg is bou"d to give wayin the long run.

W •.:lOg foods are, of course, acommon cause of trouble. Frying.pans bave been called a curse tohumanity because fried fnod is'Y.ry hard to digest and thereforeis a grl'at cau,e ~f indil!;estion and

stomach acidity, Too manysweets, not enough Cruit, toomuch starcb, insufficient vitamins,all these can cause acidity of thestomach. Aluminium cookingvessels are frequentcauses of in·digestion in many people. Sotoo is the common practice .cadding cooking soda to vegetablesthat are being boiled. One shouldnever do this. Another thing towatcb a~inst is putting too muchsalt in the food, Finally, there isthe common habit of taking toomany medicines. The way somepeople turn their stomachs intomedicine-chests is amazing andterribly harmfUl to their generalhealth.

If a person suffers from in­digestion or stomacb acidity, thebest plan is to fast until thestomach has bad a rest. Whilefastin~ be sure to clear the bowelsproperly. Then take care to avoideating the stuff or doing the thingsthat caused the trouble. Beespecially careful -not to eat be­tween meals, not to eat tooquickly, and never to eat whenworried, aogry or very dred.

For ordinary cases of heartburnor stomacb acidity, one of thebest remedies is to take a littlejuice of some acid fruit such as alemon. Instead of trying to "kill"tbe acid with an alkali, put so:nemore acid into the stomach. Theold stomJch tben decides thattbere is enough acid and I. Stopsmaking more. That IS the com­mon·sense wa.y to dell WIth thetrouble, and peopl~ who kno,"lhave been doing it with greatsuccess for nearly one hundredyears. Yet the s;lecialists andhospital authorities do not s~emto knO\v aoything about it.

It is strange ho.v mJny pe~pledo not want the simple remediestbat get right down to the root oftbe trouble and effect a cure. No,tbey prefer something expensivean:1 elaborate and hud to under·stand. It is tbis foolish attitudethat supports the great chemicaland drug ma.nufacturing houseswbo pUt all sorts of new-faangledmedicmes and injections on themarket and make huge fortunesout of them. Yet these expensivemedicines and treatments oftenfail, or what is 1V0rse, they I!'ivefise to other illnesses. Many asick pers<)n has been "cured" ofhis origi:tal c~mplalOt but now issuffering from the so c.llled ""ideeffects" of the medicines givenhim. Yet seme simple remedy

might have cured him easily andcompletely.

Many cases of gastric ulcerhave been cured by a few verysimple exercises. One exerciseconsists in bending over andtouching the floor :m:i thInstraightening up and reaching athigh overhead as possible. Try totouch the ceiling, This exercisestretches the stomach-anastraightens out any pouch thatmay be holding acid or f;rment·ing food. Of course, this will notcure any and every c;ne of gastriculcer, but it certainly does help inan astonishing number of cases.

The "white diet" is a.nothermediC.1l fallacy. The idea is toavoid e:lling any kind of foodthat mdy scratch the ulcer. Sothe patient is told to eat onlycrackers and white bread andmilk. But these :Ire constipatingfoods, and the fine flour foodslack vitamios and mineral·sales.They also make the blo:ld acid.What the patient trally needs isplenty of b~an and fruit and fres'lvegetables, pr:lperly cO:lked oreven eaten raw. Ap,,:es, lor in­stance, are very rich in a sub­stanee called "pectin." Durin~

the First \VorJd War, it wasdi3covered that pectin i~ :I wonderful remedy for h=:lling ulcers.10 em ld " where they gro\vpleoty o~ apples, brge qu lD~lies

of pectin were prepared and usedvery successfully [OJ the treat­ment of ulcers and of war·woundsthat hId tumed septic. Ap­parently there was not muchmoney in the game, so the use ofpec in hlS been more or lessforgotten. But there is nothingto stop the stomach ulcer suffererfrom taking plenty of apples forhis trouble. They should he triedgrat!d raw; or thq must bebaked. Another suggestion is"Raw Apple Oats" according tothe recipe in my article on"Rheumatism," The raw gratedap;>le is mixed with honey, lemon­juice and uncooked rolled oatsand eaten thus. As raw oatmealis " good healer of sores, thismix cure oIcen does grear good.

Where the ulcer is very troublesome, great relief can be had byusing fresh raw vegetable juicesalong tbe lines of the above­mentioned article on "Rheuma­tism." For gastri: ulc;;s the best

310 INDIAN OPINION F.th October, '950

DIWALI GREETING CARDSDiwali Greeting Cards with India's

distinguished leaders' photos nd messages

with their autographs.

4/10 per dozen inclUding postage.

4/6 without.

OBTAINABLE IN DURBAN AT:

Patel', Vegetarian Refreshment Room,

102 Grey Street.

Pa.tel', Refreshmont Room. 139 Brook sreet.

DhOinJee Fruiterers, 191 Grey Street.

G. c. Kapitan and Sons, IS4 Grey Street.

'INDIAN OPINION". P/Bag, Phoenix, Natal.

Just Arrived From Iodia

JOHN MdNTYRE,Towo Clerk.

Town Cledt's Office,Durhan.

~:;ZDd September, [950.

Jan Hofmeyr MemorialExhibitions

NEW BOOKS

Non-Violeoce 10 Peace And

War (Part 11)

-by M. K. Gandhi pI6

CITY OF DURBAN

DURBAN CORPORATION INDIAN

Four e~hlbltloos of £30 eaoh PROVIDENT FUND

will be tenable at tbe University Indian ex. employees of tbe

Dr Nalal, two by Earopeao and DurboD Corporotion who, when

two by non·Eoropeon studeuts lea""in~ the Council', service,

during the academia year 1()51, refrained from witbdrawing

Th"'8 Fxhlbltlonll ate available their accumulations rrom the

to parl·llme as well ss lnll-lime Iudian Provident Fund are

etudent., If the olronmstances are bereby notified th:.t suo;:h

lJoob as to joeuty aD award In balances mutt be witbdrawn

aoob cases. immediately.

Preference will he Riven In the No furtheI' interest will I,e

award of tbe ExbibltlonlJ to accredited on balances of ex­

IItndents dellirons of oompleUn" employees after 3lst July

tho tiDal year of a DaRtee Conree 1950.

or of pnrsuing B poet Rradnato . AU enquiries in connection

couree. with this 3ubject should be

AppIlcation forms may be addressed to: The City Treas

obtained from tbe Registrar. urer, (Indian Staff Control Sec'

University of Natal, P.O. Bolt 31;', tion), City Hall, Durban.

l'ietermarilzborjt aad ehoold be' Telephone No. ~7535 (Extension

submitted at tbe latest by the '141). .

15th November, 19.,0.(It Is prnbable that tbeso

Exhibitions wlll 10 fntore b')awarded aonually)

Pilgrimage To Peace

-hy PY<lrelaI 12/6

Stray Glimpses 01 Bnpu

-by Kaka Kalelkar 5/-

To be had from:-

Tbe Mauger,

INDIAN OPINION,

Pbt'cnlx, Nllttll.

to do, of course, but it is more inline with nature cad natural law.And this, no doubt, is wby the

homoeopaths are 90 very SUCCC9S­

Cui in the treatment of suchtroubles.

r •••••••••••••••••••••••••

R. VITHALBookkeeper, Writing up Sets of

Books, Balance Sbeets, Income

Tox Returns. Apply:

306 Commil8ioner St.,Jeppe, Johannesburg.

The Jan H. HofmeyrSchool or Social Work

JohannesburgOffers a three-year course of'

IItudy prepariof{ tor service es

Welfare lind Case Workers withSociA.l Agencies and institu­tions; a9 Directors 01 Recrea­tion and PbysT::al Education;as Secretaries of Social Bnd

Community CentrC!l, Y.M.C.A'SoaDd Youth Organisations. En.

trance Requirement: tbe SeniorCertificate (Malric), or equi­valeot. In ooly very e:rcep.tional circumstances exemptionfrom tbis requiremeut way begranted. The llext class wiltenrol OD February 6th 195[.

Applicants will be required

to produce evidence of characterBS well as academic qualifica­tioDS.

Prospect liS and Application

Fprms may he obtained from

The Qirector,

J:m H. Hofmeyr Schoolof Social Work

Jubilee Soci",1 Centre,

Eloff St. South,Johanneeburg.

·---····_-····.-••••• ~w••

~

Seed Catalogue

Distio's 1950 IIIW1trated Cnla.lo~ue of aU Flower and Vege.table Seeds, now availableKindly write to Dhtin's, Bo;~060, Jobannesburg, for yourhce copy.~

raw vegetable juices are (I) a

combination of carrot juice and

~pinach juice, (2) carrot juice

alone, (3)' a mixture of carrotjuice, beetroot juice and cucum­ber juice. At least one pint of

each mixture should be drunkdaily. These jUices must, ofcourse, be absolutely fresh anduncooked, being IT\ade fresh dailyby grating the fresh raw vege­

tables and squeezing out the

juice from them. These rawfresh vegetable juices have won­derful healing properties :lnd theyalso cleaose and build up the

whole system.

Manipulation by a nature curetherapist often docs a gre3t dealof good too. This is especially

'he case where the.re is a :::ub­luxation or slight displacement oftbe spine in the region that

governs the stomach aDd otherdigestive organs.

Then there is bomoeopathictre:ltment. The homoeparhs havesome really remarkable remediesfor gastric and duodenal ulcers,But in every instance it will be

ne=~ for the nature curetherapist to treat each case byitself. The bomoeopath does nottreat a diesease-he treats tbepatient. For instance, balf-a­dozen p3tientS may be sufferingfrom the same disease, yet it mayaffect each one differently. Onesufferer from gastric ulcer mayhave terrible pains every time heeats. Anotber may feel betterfrom eating but gets pains acouple of hours after a meal.Another, again, may get fearfulwinds and griping. A fourthl;aIlI101 bear butler or fats and isof a mild :lIld affectionate nature,while his neighbour craves tbesetbese substances and is very bad­tempered. The orthodox doctorsmay give all these people thesame medicioe and tbe sametrc:ltment bec:mse they 0111 havestomath or gastric ulcers. Butthe homoepath wtll treat each onedifferently, according to his indi­vidual make-up and' thepeculi:lr symptoms of his indivi­dual case. This is much harder

oh~\'e""!~5ffi:~'\1-l'1:1.,.11

u~1a:eJ&{1a:~1a:$'d13"

~e1f"lt

%-'~lJ~bh.r~1rl1\t.![~1~r;~

(lit1:::h)~'~,b("lh~lik~

\pH'til--~n"(litl\.l\G,~h<a'l'\M~Ikl--elh~(littl1..J\G,\.lbi:

lh\}>3'~.h~n..n~ltthl1~

~'01~lhlfl:lr.lli~fl1l;:,~lh

-lhlI-Wfl!::1~1~~I~h1.1"<l--ll-lnlt

~I~~l!l\1~.:~!ltl-lnll<;U'lbh.

-Ine'?-:t~«('Il~t"h\h.Il;.~'l-lt

1->l'1r:.~t~":bl~l~-l-oUI'i

'0It!lc

\}ill,.l1:::e1h'i~t~~~lYl1t

~lfl:·1Jt...'t!"llfl:\.llnhfI.D';!

~11tt,1,lli~~:tilth)Pl;:,r~I';l

n.'i:h.''i,.1?:('InItelc1l';'1:::.1-n::lT~1Y

h)fC'1\.)l:t.1--l!.:'0It=~'i:!ltll-bll?';l

It!~~1"'1J;1l;.tp1~)~IB.RIl;.lni!Cr-II<:~Ii":'U",1Ia:we1:::lt~.~~Il!.:,;~Ucl--Iln(-f'1:::lfl:i1!l1ht1!'?hU-)I}~1.h~i1!'ilC'v;l~

Rllt1:::j:;\}t~€lI::)\.ll:2~Jl"ll:::l~hlY

lc.1'i:1J:jlfC1l--1bh.llfl:J.>.<e1:::1~1~1tl~

\J=E.n1'1.,11:lhl!:'flnel~lY

):;U~§llilJ\}C\lt11ti~bllfl:rcltllc.1!.th.ltlj,lfl:r.!Blch.]bl!.:'\kl­

It'hr.:lbl\<>I~'![1:::l'clh.llfl:lhlh~

hk:llfl:l1:::'~hll{'~hlnlilttt1t.lfl:

'1:::~l!.:~I!Pcl.fhbl<;1~\J=

~~hllfl:l:::lPn~\J=h.t!:fJ.~h'~"l~),l,tpllne11,,1lfl:1~IY

1~1lc.1\J=h.lb~'\fil--'11~1:::ltlfl:11:::~

l\nllfl:]ltlhH1.;\.l1H1'\hchU=li1t

1:::1t<.:Blh\l~hllfl:1\.;17("eh.§

et.<.D'Il'hlh~li~...1~3ln~t>lnltllcll):hrl:'l!:~UlleU=licll11~

~)kl@h.llfl:~tpt~e-~."''i\lfl:

U''''1)"1~ij:>Il-~C'I\.ll-fl.s>

.~,~B§\kl!:)ltb)"t,,1:::1"'B.l?

t0tho,'j;~.![3~~~lkffi:

'l!:f1~~1~lnlh:lh~lhb

}>yh,~h.llfl:!\.lHU'"olhU1lh,llfl:

'!lViI?:ij)CD@h.llfl:P~\7U"'?lhlffi:

!It.I''~1lfl:I-!llh1bblll'-~

'hJ1il~ij-.\Jl{lh~filt)JlR:1~1C

t!:1~hl~!Jl-!1t.llclh.lffi:l~fC~

~'Q:l'h.flb1}t.m..~1.Qlt331t.U-cl~liI\})7~l:.::lc'lhl­

tV:>\}'tb1cllt331t.lh'i:l'illilJ},11

~hl~~nt.l::~'~\}il~{j}>

~liPl.llt1)li1\.l1ll~~~h.1M:.

!It,hll1~hWJ11';'th.ij>1M:.

~I~U"clhllaoIh'R!1l)lJ('~

Il>h~11S\.l11.':]ltlRlh'lfl:,h~!h'.D

l~fClin:'~ch,kl\}'Ullfuhlln:

Ihlt\}>lfuhlffi:\}l~t~f\~~l~

Pl!.:"ph.idhl~U.ch'olJl-)$1

.~i'~~p.~ijol~!1tl\.ll~lfuhllfl:

l:-llt.l\.lh.lbll-'"l\.ll'<.1'tin:\.llt.).'il

l\.lh.~lY'l<;A~~I~fu~h:lln:

~h)~\}ll--tel>t~.It'i•...It

'1~"I@~\.>fuh.!\.l).Dl-J.>.<,'dltIt

h)~:@I"",1cIl-~F;lJ.obfll1:::IH".

i~1cI>\!1-:l1}>\-)lJt!eln~'jI

~lh).~cE.....U'\-)~tleln

~lkt~'~A~~..I\.('Ihtp~~

.bl=.W;'hl~l~'tJ..ijoWi1j~P.lt

lp\p1}>~tl<e~<..Iltt~'llb"llt.

'iUtlill'i.'\]a'"(Ilt1:::1\1.~~lMt

li~t:I-!lI'i:l~hll<e'~UJ~Ih:teh.

lhlh.~lt.:llh..llfl:l::~'i~\:UnhfC

~'lc.1'i:Jlilef\~\}-.~Ih:}.tI~1~l\l!E

l~~1>ltliCDlltl~tlfl:'i\.lJ\;~I~

U"?lhl~t!c\j''r1.Rhlnlcl1a:..'i:§\Ch

'i~l::.lfl:~\il~f\hl\.llllltt

\.llt~~ffi:.~.~th..~~~1h.

U"?lhlffi:.hll{lilt)I..h:erU'elh~

l~clG~~tPliLhlffi:•Fu"'?ll>lnt.

rltl5'\h}>ev:>Iylblelflk

~h.lffi:lh~!P(\~!~eAl}:'~

1~31b!1Il1lilfclhch.1~h.lffi:

t'ffilil::lclh.lffi:~'ifile?1:::~

1~~1:ll'\.ll.4ln:l;:ln:fu~19hn:

'~l;m~P1J:Il>\Jllclffi:

~le~~h,I1a:!1t.11~3~\~f\~

p~.![tlltffi:1:J1>ltltU'l~l\.lt

1}>B.l'j1e-1lfl:if0k]hlifah.

-1l/!:Fl\:.h:!~h.~P.lh:,§1!:lh1:}~h.

l!.:RIh:,~~CDIfl!k\}ll!='l!:~

IB~ltIlh1l.$f\ll1lk,l-bHlt111ln~

~h.IlR:'I\.ll)ell.lhtPl-llt1~l!.:

'~ffi:,..~n\h~liltl!.:]hl~1l<l:

\.lIp\}>11>1l~!lt~lt.M:.l::,~t3,eh,~

l:3~~M:.Ih~!h)~\}il}ij>1~~

l&1\<lIl::ltl}>1}>W;Ih!lc).Dlt.~

ltl~]~~1!:1:::1bl>tn~Uft

1~h.ll<!:'1~!'JI\}l:ll-Wilh!k'l1t.>"lt

'~lPli1:H,~I1Hp11:::1\fl'it?l:hl}>1t.~

1~~l(lIit?1Y1(i:\}>t"tI'l't!:1:l:?'1!:~m~h'-'U'k~lh~~

lli>cU=I(UClkl1t.\}>lbelS~"'13]It.

Il::,tl::l-~7:cU:'fl"tlt~1M:.E.'jIl::,

P\7)<'~1.Pl't~=If-~1~1~11lt.

1Jo'-~If:;el~€l!tl1s.=nl~~\}n

IE\!,lr\h.1!.1l<eI·l."'tIa:It§l~}<o1)1:

nlY~t.lt~Ia:lh1cj'lllnt't'~hna:

It,~Flh.~~l-,I"l~7<V-~"tt:tl1t.

l-lF:'~1fllj\l'1~hl;:~\}l~\J;l"

'PhWlne\t;I~ln).Del!IYI\.lI~~t!)l\:

lh\J=I'tlMe\.lc£l}<lt~\!:Uc11t

~~ltIt;lic\.l,,~fr..h.Il",I.M~lh.

~~IH:~(P.IJ.-t-lbe:::ltl~~'"t

I~~hl~~l-1Ph:~1:::fo,hl~~:'lt.

1l-'1\!;~I-lfl:'I~Clicm~tIlt.

:':'It.t1h\]-o!\}nll-n::tla:~l-Fe:;!elf~l~~~"'Itov:>\Pl:<~~fo,~r.\}nlla:U~h.llfl:t!C\Hl}[l.ch.

'~IF-~('Ihtlfl:~\P1lh.l""

l\.IniUlJlkJl~~<;l~Ia:1:!1l'tlY!L\.r-·i'0~'11'".~lt1\-Hl--)hnItIhl>!l-!1>l::1~~Uc}>1~~tlfl:0r1bhll!1l:1lt.)t.!ltlc~1~,hIS:

fah.ll<?:'tp,til,~1t~~l1lfuln

rli>1clfl:~ll:1htltlfl:rlh~lh.\.l~

p~'ffifi!e~'ifile7t~'~l):\.l€;l

~}<o~~~~!ltth:h:\]-oli"'l'"t!:

'~~lt~~U=l):1~1!:lPh1lfl:\RIb

-el~IY\.l\.t..of\l\1:::\(l:~lhli1:::ffi:0~llrllffi:I}<oWlY).Dlelhb.hhc3.h.

!\--~011:!:'\.ll::1"'~I'j.1tp,.~~llfl:

!lt1bt'ilt~·lh~3~~le)D

t1t.ltl:ll::e0ht.<.D\plla:}>In<fuh.

~lltffi:)It",lebI}>'c.~tb\.ll~\p"

~,,'!\.l'jl.\hll\.lllBlt}<o1~\(e

tl<l:l\.l.lnft"1Y1\.l1~.~h~

lPl~rlhl~If.>~llfl:~l--If<<hcl~

U=lo..l::1t.l5~lt~l~lJljl<'1(1l=.1l<l:

jlt.ln\):lh\.lIYlljl'tll<?:lt€;llH:\l'lIclil

l~Pil-hlt~l~hchleffil'"\.l~~~

~el!"~1Y~~!t",lfl:rjf\Hl~

-1l/!:h€)l~~~lt]1t.,1clil~U'I'i\ts'

ch.\.l~fi'if'fuclli'\P~U>V~b

lilt?\.l"i\.~~-H-ltell..."klo

ll-elch\.lI~~lit!:..1}>1~.11tllnlao

P\Fllh:,~").Ill1l-II(L~lh1:::n~l~

~1~l'\.l!:lle'S.llfll1l.ln:l1',~

.~blfc".D~Ilc\.

]1tIfi.lh'~)II>lY'D~h\!:\!,clJ.bk'i

'~B~f.hl~jltl1>hllfl:}<Olltc

Fh1\elfl:U<l,.~t~}It.lt.~)tl.1~h.

-Ilfl:t~1!E1~l.:\t-l~llil,h:h~U>

lh~~iOihl~IYOch)-alia::lJ~h

'tJ'"\k~~~1h.tlcih.llfl:l:-Ut

ll:)<\.fuh('IHII.>~P,I~~1:1h~lb~

IF:~Ilt)Ua:1~"'lh1:::i~\fil~lt~•

n:.c~.lltll:llt.'n·tpIht~llt)l~

l~"-llfl:'1::.1~lhl~1Jolr.-h.lla:~'''''

~lJi1ck!i.ij)W;w1}nt~~Vil?:

It'-\}nIl:~h.lla:~lt:.l}t.'Irs'\~

It<\=;1\:.fC'0~bH:'l-l,l1<l:~\\ii

~lt~;lfl:)k1ll31bllnlli!\=;~1:

1}tP=ffeh.€;l~h.lffi:Il1Hlt.lh"\I)

l1::.lhH1?:11--1~h.IlR:'I"~

~\H~th1l:Ut.lb~{;.D")~lh'

U~h.lltl:'~~ccv.o\j.-lJkL'il

\fcth(,1~t~'l~hIH\h,liI.vtl!.1~

lYB.lb~1}>1~~lhllh1:::l!,lvt·U­1~le'~-l-l}n'!1t.\.llnbl"lI>l~l~li

H:lln'~1:S.lfl:1\Jl\t:.Wb~fuh

Rllifu'l:lli.~~lh\f<'lh,I~rl:Ut

lh~Il-H:l\fil'l:7t~t~hc1kl)l'e

IRlh.Ilfl:'ij)'il\p'i:R1I>1~t3~b~

~tlblil~!e'i\t'i\}>lh..1:::1a:hkl'e

l1:::ft-H"15'ln~lthllt\}<l~

lCt1t.lfl:'1:::~!\.l~h\}'J.-lttom

'p'il~~,.,T'1l-oli1"t2bl.rt:f'~,"',1'e

1l-lE"c:h11:::'iL~Iffi:1::.~1l!.:1J1.'t""'P\Plt~U=h.h\}ihlc\pIt\<>tIl!;

lel~·l-\}nl}>Il{L'Ilfl:~~Ivt~!kl)«.

'\}t\7el-,o.z,-u=?!!.~l}<ovt~]\~}>l}l::

}>IiL"'tllfl:1:::ffi:'P'JI~ij)'ll\pIN>:

!ltlhh.lffi:fult.llnU~l}lllk>IP~\lt.

l::,1aofah.l,l'•...*h~f.J.a:th'c.\.l

n~lt~{1:::k1:~Fh~')I...ft'im

'h:~('''\C?1:::~}<o?ln)€)r~

hEb<phllcffi:lj~r~H~lS\!:'l~'il11:::~-'l:'~15'ljLhlb~1Qlt!It

l'liI'l:i'U'vt~!'l}>l<!:O;--..:fI):;1111-li~

It!1t.l~,~~l}<oh)leffi:tn~,.~

1l--\):"'11«:\}>lhl1'IM'k1:·Inlie'

;<.\}"ll:~~~~'oh~\'etn\t.:'i1l'l:~.\\)en~,'iC

----=--_..-

o?f.'h1:-~]~~P1:1\

6th October, 1950OPINION

Mi ~i !o!.~-\.!s :um.'h~l~ ctl{-tl ~J.t1l tl~11( I oVl\i :ziti"!I 3(ict-l1

'4~ \I~H lI'.~I~1 W~~r\ ,,'1.1 ~1{.\~1~ 5Ii~.(\ tl&I'\, f11 a=l a'\(~'g ~~~p~ (l1lr\1 l{!llot';ll 1.-. .....Irllti ~"tl 'lICl ~'il~ ~, fl.{l'tl.r;:" ~~'ll :ut:l a :ut",,'. :tI((.fl . }1"J.~..il ~~~ =ll~~ ({It-{I ,til :8(~

"Yf:J -<l~qi. :utI 'Cl'~til'l\l W~J w~I"3 ~ a~ H'tllti :UUq 1\\ adf:J~I~1 I}'Q~!.t'l<lI';j1 '1"' C-{P'll. l!s!fl "H1~Jllt '%1(\ ~ht !l ~~ct ..... :Vl\~1!

!Ictlli "'Il..i ~"t!.1 ~g J:il\L'l1 ~14 '41'{~I~ '=tl<t-n' rl'(,y .;;>qt a~....~.. lIli!lI '\(!.~. ~!l (11 3Jl ii ~ ~(,1 a~lf'H"'" #;£ '1(1.. ~\(lfjl

ls~'=ttnl 5l1~lrll ~~I~i <{~~\l "1~J{l l\1:>tl~ "'II 1J\ltcl~1 ~ctct

!l~ctl t!J11fl3Jl1~ :utI :(11 u-{\'O{w{\ <f\Wt H"tl=:tl ~~ !I1'icl~1 aJollttt

..t!J'MI!l ~llo:tl' ~~ 'J{\.r;:" :utu~h lti il~ "t~ :(lit ~UI~ ...~ ~~,,\

~l "'t';t ~1{\;';j1 ~:>.:il. ~? §'('\(~ I!tIl(l !il~~ 'UI~ !l?"'tl~l ~Wt

H;!. !J~~I..f\ 4tP~71"/F ~Ilt 1: lIill ~(JI.

<r,>{i '>{\•.{'~I?.l~1 :tt-:tl~-{ iSl'" ~i tJ(l"'.~I~liilL et~ ~,,&:~

"l1(lI:ttj .'.*'t2l '<th'l-ll~ (:II !J{\ '1'( u{1-i·5lI~i~1 't~ ~UI~-II<i~ ~~g :ut~ ~I(-\..{\ :tt?!IP,<i~ Ht"llt! ~'T€lVi\ :lIi::t 3ilkl"~1:utli1-lltl 11 ~"ct" \!~~ct ~!A et~ "ll~ q~ ~~~ ~ ..~.Q'I~I~, "'t1~1 lIt"'letl, Zltlll~ 'Miitc <»'I'totl~ ""tl't!ll,ql~i ~,1l ,tfl,!s~~" Gltcf:q ii, ~l'nl ~r1i <itfi Hlqlll u{l...·5lI~Ii'il1 ~ ~"I~..n

'4~'!l 't~~1 al~'{l ~. "'II,\(~ "I~ ~dl~l »t~~tl ~l{~ H't\::I :cllt~r1

~o!.~ :tll(-\t~~ ,\(It{~~llti ~l -il~l'=t~i ~~~ ~i~).l.(\ ~I"'ili;jl~

et({l "tt'1ll{i ~ 2Ijl'~~ ~~I~' <t~ illct'llctl... l «i~IVillti I "'I1J:.l1J-t,

~14 ClL :lJtlk1!1~1 "'t::t c.ltl~l~ (,1(\ "'I:t !l~~' h1ill-i1 =lCIl~I-n

"llctl~f 'Ml\(ll(-\"I\?,f .....lI\'=t:l '4!.~. ~-!!!ltt !sl{lll a,tt# ~'il"t'll.(\

""I.~ <t 'Ml~ Cl(r~ kt'illrl; "Y"tl').{ tll!l'=t H"tilli 'VIl<fi ~,

£I~ ~rtl~l'4? '\l.lrt'\lnl<u ~~lrl ~I~:(l (\:(l~..n ~~lC("l1~1~1~ "i~ l{1~c f.l~"II.fl ih!\ -tl~f!~1 ct:(ll..{\ ~Jl<lll~ ~~r11

'1'("tICl(cl:(\ ~~~{l~. HICl.t ~I{I Ml ';;1I1 u{lrl·5lI~I~'..{\ "4,:(l'iI<h ){ti{ ~\H"\n:l "{ttl<l<U

~I 'l;tll~; ~ui~,"t~' ~Ill't~!s"tilli :utll)ill ~<h ~~"i-t ~ll

.!r1@..:Ml1:t~ ~~~:Ml'i~ tllli~:(l

.s""i.<\~1 ~l~l ct~l u{lrl-5\I~1 ~l(U'l1

... IJt:{\fl 1I1'! ~~ ~.<tl.{l .11~

~N'" ~ ~'a.1 illrtl:ll cft"tl~ ~:(l H1111i :utlc(l 'dl ~:t ~~lIt-tE.ijl"\cti :ii:l '(l "'I1~1l ~lu{\ \ ,l~ ~~ 'I{lo:!.~~{l.!.)\''iJt'..£l ~..{\~.

~'l(..{\ Wr\~~ ~~~'>l'<flll[ <ol{l '4le{\£l~I;j iltctl-tl "tl~'" oat't.I~1

~'tl'=t :q~I~ 1I1~ »tIC!. C'\L~ ~1C3~ ~i~ 't~rii~ .i~ H'tl c(Htfl"'Iu..l!J.I~i C1l\ll"f 1..{\,\1-i1 ~l(UlI !s~'tl~i ~lrfl I\dl. ~~ nl'l'lll

~1i}lltil{\ ~d\~~ ""t~~ !s~otl~l" ~I"l"ulli ~IO.!i 61 } .i{\ii!I::t

~~UIU ~M H'tl~i "-'t=:t ~~f1 ctfll..{\ itP'{ ~Jt'tll -tfilla~ l{11 ~Wti 'I{:lt'=ti ~"l.llli ~l<\~, Zltt'i"ttlli :»tl'l Cll bll ~~'t11

\ .:t~ "Il:!~'\(otl "'I~ l\1-i'l<r.ltotl "i.'1:! H<tl~l Jt'@{l~"Q) cft:qll Hetl

~ict~"WI~ "lflctllli "'~lhlll!:\.l,~ C1»tI:l lt~4'I' 't~~.

:Ml·otltl! :lJt~ a~"'tl::tl ~I@'i 'VII- :ti'i\:(I-1 ~l~ ll'~.!!'{bs~ ~i4(hlotl ,1a..~1 ClllW .i..{\-.I<il"'1--4 '{lllct ~lfl Cl-tl ;UHl »tttC~.d =ltl~~~l ~~m <tu.!fl '4~I~~l~ I3Hc(\ ~ll. b~'tl~l »t1C\~1 ~Sl~ot. i.tl~

\I'lo~..{\>ll\ ~!J.!.~ \{11JI.... CI(~lun

:lIi:tH H-il" tt:(ll "'I~ ~l(U'l1

~I€i'i 2111lr.l!lI"tI~liOllotl .ija~h\?11

-il It.~ 'H )(1!tI1~ H"'l~ tt~}

qUill!. !I1'<Ill\i :lJtlclll l1al "'t~

cr{~l<tql~i :utlQ~ (.(1 \- ~ !s'l'tll

"il~ !sf! u{l<\-"'lI~IiJ1I..{\ ~1t=1'l

~Osct..{\ . Q[!12{la..{\ ~~ "~'I{~

)(l!ol~ H-tl~l ~ :a>t::t ll.~'~

~.{\I{-t ~Ull=l CI ttdlU'lll"f rtl~~

H:~l «I·fill !s~ ~,

?r"tl~rt

~h~l (\<t~ '{~ .HUt-i ~I~~<\i :>Jj"'la"hO!l aot~

iilC\1 5Il!lcr{·~al' e.t{l'll{l ~<\~i '1!l1~~I. 'lOl1l<.1...

.-tl~la 8r;~~~ l[§l.~r{l C:Urtt~

ll..~~..~~ll41 .ij..{\o:tll :cl"t~wtl ttl. 30

lfl·u ~':ll~ Vj!s~ n"t~ ~~

WI<tI~; "'Il'a.'<fl r1t~\~ ~r.-~~-t

li3:l~..fI <l1'·H!! ll"H"~1 bll{'

~ll\'tl~"'l llll"f ~~ ttl! Qg.11·1l""~ iIl<\! S;~ lttt HI{cill

~iil l 1Ilo1"1l'.il lIl~.(\ Ql{l~..{\

(i~ct ~""'4('a. !rf!~ ~l :ttl@t{

VjI~l!rl~iw ~~ql..£l 0 \)cti "'II­

'tl?,.U --4ltfl ~~ct':l 1I1~ "i.Q'~..fI !..{\,\I..{\ :cl'ld,!dl ~lfl'tc(\ \I'i:! "'I=l

"-'tlq~!; ~. :lIi1l{\ ~!@t{ :lJt1­

;;,'hl..{\ t)1~IVfl »tlqctl ~!'.I::1'ijdl

-il ~·~.ijl~ '11"Hr~ ~1'1tl~

»tlq!JL~ ~. :.~'t ;iit:(lttl~ ;iit!:~

il~.!.~ ~'ril ~l·H·~'11 @i.~Ic!.-i \ fl..~~ril :l~,! ~f1~I>l :i.illlo:!.~<\"iMI ltil'il>l~l\l -¥ ~ct"l1JI "'I1'fi qi>l.ll!. !ll'cti w~l~.!i \ d )(C't\VjI

~dl ), "'I~: "i.t-INl ~'i"'I~tfi =l qli!!...1 ~I~I~ l:lt1ll{~ !sNi~1l\L ~U'l"'tl~l .i;t"l~ ~iij .j, noil "'I~ ~ :(til ~I{f'i :ut1;;,lJrI..{\

'4~ ::ql 'i'tI, "'il~ :lJtl r{\'46-i ~~otl "'.!l61 or.!l.l 9~1 q~ ~H'tl~t ~l"S I'.g. il=tc!." ~!l~ ~<11~ ~ClI "-'t.!.&11rti~t ~ »t=i

"II~ ""Io! \l~!i.{\'t.!. :lfl-i-tl ~ttl ; ..c(\ 'tfl~'idl (3c~~ H-i ~l ~ }

~"'~t1111~1 c!.~~·'l ct~~tfi :utl'a.tli .;;~ ~1" ~1I:t 41<l.! ~-tl ~l.!ltl('I~'ijdl<i1 ~ ~~U <ttl{ Ui'~S \'og. ~1~1 'h'3 't'l ~f.I.~1 lJ';)lt~'1rt

ll"!l:~"~ 1..{\'1lott ?ll\"I~ tJ{\~ 6~1Il{i ,,~~ 'il.fq"t-n>tot. t{~ ~c!.!l1"l.1t:t. lIl";l ~~!fl ~\.ll~~l~~·~.f\ ~''tl(1 :l>l ~!ra-( 0'i"",(,1~ ll~si rll<t~"', l

28G 1".1 AN

~ ~ ;i"ul\l (\IH1 ~l'\ <h (l :q1~I!fI~ IlY ~~~. ~l(\ViI,{~

11'11 e.t{l'irt~ lti'~ ri~ "t~(\1 ~c4~ • :l1i1lt.'h~l", 1J'~1 ~l\~Ui':ill-i1 ~1"l!;U

l\t":!~), ~ \ ~~I l\i"''tltl~~ :l1i<t~ .....-n ~1'tP-J' ~i~Ill'Ulti

«it'1t ltUl'a.I':'I ~1:Ii>l. »t~ "i.m :lIi''a.~. :ilt{Il{1 €ilri' 1:1'.lEI~ ttltt

l\l"i.ctl l ~c'\ »t~ ",{14::t l{llo{l ~~:ql\ ~l\V 'M1'<1 HQjrt: (lrlt \1('.1.

:utl~~n ~~li ~~'1\1 tl{lr\ 5l1~1~11 ~~..{Il;l ~~ll{i :lIilet ~. lp"~ >!:J1I~1

~'Jl~r\ 'i(\l 'ijl:fl ~~W{\ ~~i1 l{i "'tl{l~ ~lrI. q <;1"UtC·{I. (H~

¢;\I:I~. .;;>Vil ~'\l~ ~Il{ "'t~ ur:tll~ ~ it'lii ~~i~1 >tHi '\("I!.

~f1 ~t4!llli ~~l't<tl i,\14 C\~IVi etl~1 "Y ~'~l ~ ~& t!I'ttl ~{

~~:!.. ~1:1~ :lIi';t (Ill b:fl ~""1~t ~M'~ '\Ictt",i '<lli~,\(k"'"'t~ ~

::t ~'''l~1 lll.)jl!.'a.t ~eJVi. :utl'tl:!.n "i.llll~l 'Ml~ ~'MlH{"'1 iiElrl..{1

«i~rtlli l\1'I ~'"\Jo'!1 '>lUlm r\a o:t:>.:iI",1 H<tl'\(? $lll ?,c(\~I?r\1't!.'g ?J~''iUldl :l1i·!JI~. It''clll "{"ll~ ~I'JI {h~ :qIC-\(\\ "Y!:J '.(lll

,}ti"fl~ ~1~..fl :lIi1~1f.\..{\ ~~ctlti ~<tl, (llilillli <l:l>ll..{1 '\(Iwlll "'tlefl

~~nl~ ~er JIlH MI :lIi~ '>lIU~..{\ '''iS~1 llo!.c·m :lIilr~!l~lllirll ~'!

i.{\41~ ~Jlrtl :ut"4 ~~I~lltll{l~f c·u!sll "\dl '\{t'.~Ulen 111irlt ·l{lt{l

r1~lctl ltl~ctl (j,2f1 alt<il,{~ '4~ '\(" ~o!.1i1 l{11l.1 ~~ '\(~ "'t1'IUl

~!J~'U~t't~I~1 "'tl~t'l l4!JcUl\i :lIilil tq ~l:?! ill-lsi lIl:(\ ..t!ll~

"'Iloill \\<h. (j,..{\ ~I~.{\ ~(-{\~l\i Jllll. 11~1 ~hi~l ~I:(\ 1j ~l.~t

(lViI "~ctl ) "l\'~ 1I1~~!J ~:lt~ "'~ '\{~'G !l~"t1c11 3\1~t<1.1

a-( "t~ .;}. ~1~..{\ l4l!:<t ~I~..{l c-\~l'l-\i "llctl..{l '1'(" lIl'<fl!flo{l ~{!ll<i<{l~ '<uctlti...... i.{\<tlr\l ~~Ull 'l-li ,,~ctl ~ ~1{t :tt~<t~~~~

'fill<'lt.{\ ~~n ~ltl~'<fl 0." ~~ !.?l"t<tl~l "Y ?I~ ~i "Yl'?,!l~.

!I~~ l ~tl(3~ :l1ilt'hl~i "'I1'4~n <tufl '.>{l~ EI"Ut~1 Jl'\l It·'ll.l\cH~

~f.I..-f\ 'I~ iIll"" 0. 't~'g CI:t1 ..{I '.l(1 'G~!1 <tl'J'\lotl :lJlt\~ ~"Y

:uttt< Vi <t!(\ l :utl't~ :tt~(/\I tJ{\<t- c-\'ttllli "I..lh. :q!l 'M"\l:fl '\l.lctl

5\1"I~lotl ~dl'\ ~'JI!'" "'I:t .iii otl ,,{ll!l!l";j, (-\1:/ '\l.tctl-t\ <{\~l..{\

"l'=tl~~ l\11 lI~<tct ...R. Heft, ~""t!llct 'I~i Mi (l{ien nctl.fl

~=i'H 'd~il "I~ !l~' ~ (ill,~!l 'Mllfi'1'( Cl(1,,:!!.iil '\l.lctl~ t"{-. "Ycti

'PI~f "'I1;)lfll ql:(l »t1'{~1 !IICl'klt

lIi ~I,liih';tl 'tl:?,! ~1I\C!.-tl !I{li'l..

Cliill=i ~~l'4l:?,!l rfl~l~ "1 .&{l~

't=l'g :utl'll:?,!t .yetl <fl'4I~1 Hnl

.. !s~:;;:. a~ ~l~ ~l?,.n'1't' \(l~ll"f,

~~-i{lr!lct o.>t=t ~ltt~(,{IJI ~'cI~.

't'fU .i;\ "'I1'iQ} 't~"\lll-il ll"f"l~

!sl'm~ o.>t::!~'<tl ...R 1IlJlcti

!~Il:I;)j :ut;l lI~I(~ll 'li\(l~.iil

.{\r~~l l{l)l', .y~l -{t. ~..i~

:>t'll ~l..(l<tl=l-il '{tctl-tl ~14~l\i

~H :{lct @(-«"i ;>\1 l!t(il, ~=t ;y~l'{l~ o.>tl~· o.>tl iil1l1li ""1..1{

'ttl'" 01'1{l;)j ~;;" CI:\ ""I.::1~~ql

bR"''11 ~ICl Cil ~ ~~Ullll"f ~~l

~l'{e} o.>tl't~I~' 'l,WI<tl 't~.n,

<fl. ":KIl\i~ .iil ~14~l\i ~l{\iill

~~ "'Illl.!::t1 q~.t1 ~'CI('~ rfltt

@(~"i !l~' '&. ~l hl~l "-'t1'4~~lidl~n ~~'H ~tMI ~11::l~ Cll

~ ~'rJ{'~ ~1ol1~qt .... '4!.~. "-'t1;;,1!l~l

~til I'.~!fl ......~ ~ql-il {\q~1

~q 't.Q )I'U~. <.C\ ~i'ill \I{~

1I1.....{1 "''1't'~ .."';\:!. '{~~. ZIti ~-tl

lIi »tl'\~l- @>I'..I' <'l~I=:t 'fiOi"1.<tl"l~llt' ~lIlil~1 ~. "-'t1;;,'h~1

~lil"'l "-'tl't'i!jl ~ 1I411i ~ :{l ~q(­

'~:(lctl=t ~lil ~'l "QlI ~ ~ Cllg

,,1 ....l4!lrtlU'u ~l:{\ :{\:t ~1I.v ~­

..";\ l i'il ""'4l'=t ct..-i i>l.lll ~.,"'I;j:i.il ~!sl{r{\ ~tl'Jl1 ~I!l'\cttii1.1

~I -il~l H"\I'1l ~~Vlll ld~l.i;t

'-hll=' ~~l ~, ~ /llll o.>tc'\'ct

,.fit\;,I",:~..')'~l>::ltlt:U-.l--\},l",,~n-tl<>:IYI~u..-IYIl!:~,lnlYlw..1J'l11"eI)'itlY1":Wh~l"ltll-'"~l<>1l:1~)'~11t.\>t~"FIPI~~t~@Itlkll}.111<:tlfo~,If'1-\p;:I<\.l';,'1~~ImeR\'tIthl,;)\t,'i~It~h\y'i?IPR~I)).')'It:e'i)}I','1!1t.1J.'\clt\l'lt'il'\l1<c

\}'lliLlll<>:llgjllt:~tll..~.",!!::lYlltlhll-!lt.lelld>'~p.t'fhl>~

Peb~@.11t:Il!:fi\:pwl}n~~lr-Hi:lllS,I:lItl>lrt~lJ;,~~\lIll(,ln

thll):,,'[:~....~h.11a:~I"'=~,1l:\h~IIt.Pt~n11J\nltl?':.~~

~ij>ehtl>1t.ll:llt.llelA1l-!lt.l~l1>tlelk1>

~n~~U-~blritl~l}~~~j'<l~~fi.<:h'Thl-"~I~.~1,....&Itl<l.\:1<1:~'i!It.~'@1Jh.eV"\yl~n,

1>~ft~ln.loOl!:ro'''''ll:~Thl:1>.1<>:.l>lj1c.~\1J:l>1t!:1)1..'>IJ:,Htc'~l:t1<1:.~hlJJ~10IltJ'r~Il~K.\:~Fl~~II-II.':I)L';)t1ltPPI~J:,k~.~!ah.~I~1t.1t:'&m1l:1~Y.sI::kelPJl?:'~I~~l?tilt.\:l~I)L")tlfoIt\;.Il!\.l~,ll>ltltu'Cke'C\ftltu1>'ii;i';)'n':'1.,'tl"'="",l~.lIt•...~1'iLlllfo1!It

hllt:'t!ljl~~'?:lelkl>tl«:ll:,\h.Pln.h1l:IIt.'~FI~ble~\.)mIYlPn,

lelkl>,'~iP~lh.\.l'l\.l:rn-thl-Fl'i1.,'tllltllE)\RP"It.Rl!~1t::r~:lt

Ifolt~1a:~hllfotn>1i:~ln.:~lllt1l-7~~!1>.1h.!.~l~'ellltl\!,Hlt

·,\.llcll~thl-~Ifol::lt.l>l1<1:~Ii@Jl?:~';)?t3:-:h'f,\~l?,~il~P

~~I""jJ.1Plll7lh.<:I!:l~\P'i""le~~~ltll-ll~'i\)I~"?!1t.7t~'''IS.lItlpIliL'lI"'=ngjlR'U-,l-\~~I<I.'0~\ltJllfo1~,1kl>?~~R<'1~~.1lt\.ljJ.~fel~bIP''''=(lit.t~~r\l1a:tit.~l>l-.k

i~IRp\rll>elil>71l'i)€lFIt:4l:~41\I~

II;:~fll~Ihl'l)<.,~tl):\.l1~1}1c1l-:tp~'ito\1-"l;tllltn€ll~11>1>1e.t\wlJJl'i\)'-1tcv.>!It.ltohl~1l-\l>'~~'i~'n:~

\.l~!l:m.l"l'Ctl~nE)ll'el>\:k~'f\:e?l::~!pH"?lh)~r-~h~h

l:,~~hl1a:~11<1:~I):I!:I::Ifo'iLh'h\},»~!!i\-ketjR1>-1?1l-1'~R~lPm.lewllliJi....\}-)?~1<lh.l"l}t.ot''Illelt;~?.hH:el~.IY;;

Ftc~e?~~ fe,~Ht)

~I~leIYIl:.he~:W:.'(i,-hllle~

1~,l<;ljltt~f;"lOle!'i'~!11.h:l<,~

<fll<>:lt1l>flIpll<l:w.!tUr,h~

.1~511.1..10lh."~lbel~'Rppw

..\}<.~~~~I<>:l@el~~1Jl;:~\)

\.~,t1.le11~11<>:?'l!:fl\::,~1~',hili".~h)1r1<>:~lt'~\h\.>~plhlt

1~lloell~~~h~:rL~I"'='~.l~~5

,~?t~L>n.eli~311.1::151t::Ucl~11...'Hllchl~ll<>:l1-:.t"-!11.WlOe?

llfJ.:.';i'iG<lltl~t~,.itlv-,,?'\::In~lk>h,1t..f:;;'l:.G<)In.l'C'''=lplt.15

''Clnlli)l~Itlt.l"lY~!It)<.~

'ip}~)'t~I<>:lfl.'~I"'=n,eh.~e':.)l>

""In".~n\p"ll:'i~r:.llt.~l0~P,n.h~'i\PI!:l'l::RI.5Jt11<>:

'~ethl>~~hlt:"")It~fi.eh.-e1'Chl1c1<1:

~l~hl::'-"e~htl-Hle"~flt"l~HJlt.ll>';'hHWi'i~J~<'~tl<>:

'i~1;''i'llJJ".ln.~IPI~lc1~hE)1'C

l-ln.hlt~\~ft'CI<>:e'HI,1<1:1~

I....W;)~~'1~hl~~...tl>llt.fC

"11t.~Ft\.ll~1::1<>:.hl~.'f,~l:\jli>

l1'h.)\t':JJn~en~~IYlt.hl'i~~

~'~15ij>~llift!It.~h~\}>~

lelltP'\hi>l~hlc~lItlt:ll::\.>nl>

\}f\1"'=,..,!It.P'~hlfi....lefi.eh.

},.1-flfk.)\l-or.:e

'0hln;I,H~'Cit.!l-~ee......l'il~l"'=

l::t=bI):Il1,P~I):\.>lble~IHlli

'll~lellt.!It.\.lrl;\}'?.11t.'Chl~1::1<1:

"I!:P,~,..,1~h.11<>:el~'ll~!It.\.l.ll>

11<1:IYlbblplt>lc~I't:~~e\}tl"

1~!?>l!Jel>§ll>pRIlHlt?I::l:r(tl"'=

nE)llt:t!!\!R'~~~lell-HIt.!11.l}liCl"'=

llfo~'l!:f'l~J}:,~l-lh,~151~

~H)~0ljIeflheR"'=I):fQ

lJ6'th~eh.15I~\.llcP'Uh?'''It.~

~e\.ll~lb~~ft.t1<1:~f'o1:?ll:.n

l>~lh\.lJlttl):~U:~1~)'lI~1l­

1\.l1t.1t:,I!:At,:;\}>bllH?lh.<:l~'lfi';l

Pln.bl1;:1<1.1>'l!!f\~lP~e'ij11"e

PPIt:\.lrll>~llt:l>1t.1<>:.1}t.1-:.f;"'Cl«:

Hohlli\}"tlh--Ifo'l!.'fI~,~el'iJ:,~J,..,

~l-.h'lh.l~1?';lr1th1li"'~1510lh

fl15~'{lkP'e.~hn..'kee\.lll<l.

ty~ll-I'i~lkeh§llt:!ell!:,..,It.~

!ell!:-l-\}tllel<l.le~11"e">hltltll>

MR'lI~)'JI~I!:'@~~Iltlt:.~k

rllJll;lt""Jlt.lhH,~lt>r-,~>K.t,lf/,

·t17lh.lkel\i.lelklt!Jl>'CkeI!',hF1'i1'~~h.el~'il~elllt>rl-hIYt

1101hll<>:.f3.eh.'0hlfel~Il::th

Rn\}"tl~li:>l\l>t"'=,~~It:~l"'=

l~hle~~~H'tl):l"""Ic.ell-H

~lt~1'C'i\]lhl]"tl!!'I"~\Ttl>

\.l'jt,\lJl~It,lh'"lellt.Pll-lhhlR'l

~]}o~~Elk\.ltlE,I~PIt.l~l~

'~hlR.,.llIhle(i~h,}nW3lllihlt:

'@17"-fI~Il.>lt:keI(kllt»Plll~

:St

-~h.h~/J"e'@l~~'"IPhl~

~1~1t:1",=!l>HII>~lPlr.~hl'il~

1):'i~thlelltll~1):HIHIt:"'=

pt.lc~Ike't~,;1,,-,It.~?"~f\t"l~elje1h:\l>~,1It.l>

IteRlIt\}>~.~IYll:.liFtl~.lt,~lt

~11t:ij>elnRJ~U-I\.ll~1):1lt\.l

!kl:l.lt>.1t:1l-Il:.HHt'<ceh.§)l>1t.~K

!kl~~'''11<1:!It.\.J'ilji'il'~lr~lh1<1:

~1ln.lj\}-)?{lJ'l~lj1~~l:h.~\)

t""'~Ii''''i,i:.i\.CiG<llIttltP?l~,~?~!l>~1'i~..IJI~b'C

1t11n.~~II:.l~lIt!l>Wi~I-hl~

It11t.\.l(lit.tl~.lr•.~IH\';IlnJellt.\.l

l@'tl\.1Jl1t.ltJll';lII!It<~Ih.

lPlt~lnn..h,~;;le't1l!:\~'i""1~11-0

I'iL'11<>:nE)llt:tlt\)U1lPlt,f;I'~

\}>~o!aleItll-p~h~It.lfOll):h

~~?t~I~';l1~1h:.':lII,ftlt

l\::IP\::ll-\o~IJlbh"t.1~!It.~hl):h

lYRI.5!tplfor~lR~:;ttl~1l§'H:

\}-)l/ilt.eh.P':.Ft:r.~'(~p.~hl{

~h~I.;.I",lYtIlt.'\::It>..~~

lhlt.lh.lelll>l~lllt!It.l~ll<>:'C~'i

u"ol:t~~~Il:\h!ltt1t\h\:1P1?"E)

,lellt.ltl):UC~R>Ftl):m.t~lY

1i:.I<I.IeIfllli:>.~~~Ilt\.l!P,..,Ib~!lt>

1~,\n.1t:tlltI!l>~IhH1~\}I."'=

l:1")ln'~""!'1l:.l>Wi1Pit>~I")H:

t"'=I!'-~\}'1'lL'lI1<1:n~l~!el~

,hIll,~l~!P~lh'~1i~"'lY~I\-H

lmlY'C"'=!\.l~..t~~~?~'Ut:lhl1'h.'l~l::1<>:

~lel::1<>:'@""!11.1'iL'llllth€jllt:\.lltllt.'lt~'It:ltE'\h.:1I!:UcI-l-uln.

I~\.lt~1):1<1.!P6l'\h"W,J-olb.~·~l:Il~l>'J1<c'\h.tl<>:.lJJle,lt.

l~~l'iI"~It11t.l>tIlt.l::~1::"'=0'\}tl"1t:1!:-l-loR'\h.'It.tr>fC'It

.~,cwk~~I):I):ml'I~U"oIc1l-''~hl"It~'l:ll<>:.'....It>~'il'w'\}t.

1):1ltP!I1.Pk.ll<>1lf/,'@Ucl~'e':.lt:It'l:~'(-\llfo.~'lI>li'l~

lhH~""~ePA,~illet"'=:'L';)'It'It:-tl~'\}>"\h.:l~ft.lt

I):'iIt:lm.tl<>:ll!""leIi>el'illt>(llt-h.€j'leLIt:\}>~'\h.:~?t~I.;.el-o....

1::3~1t.~""\h~thl-hlmn'\}llt'e,lihllo'It.~'Ci'It:"'-itnl::~!1t.?~~ll>lh'C1<1:t}>lolt\hl-:lP':llhl?~I~l\)'i,hllj~llt.K

~l'3\h~ePelnR,tlt1tl}L~~\}-!l>nU"o7,fl:Uo"IYR~!{

~~lt.~el1i\)l1ll\!!:lP'f,:.bl!f\hl-o

'l!fh.lla"""'ltJkl~l?.l~!It.~I!:l~'1~1j

lJ'-1.:-\:1<1:1~,lt>.1t:\.llt,"'=1J.~h{l~hmIE,Il--h.l"'=~?.tU"()Ic11t.lY

IYln~i>thl~!?>~hl,li....le.1~11t:lpel'i~IthIYtf~lo'iLll~~~

lb~~lc~t~f\~,f;~'iE,11t.\Vj>'i~1-"I!:\}-)~l(~hl!\:t~R

'"l'il~\jleIttt!lltth\<)mE,lt,lI!ttIY~I~l-li1.,':t\ket!4elj~15

~1l:ll>tkeU'r1ei~E)IJil~!It.l~~\~bU-ftt{l-olft'lf1ffi:

\)'l~t@\jll:!k1hl:llt!,lcllt.l~~'\}l~\}>l~!It.lpH\}l,l-IPIt>h

I):U~BR>ft.1):1<1.lJ,eh'fJl~thl--11<>:.'~~'il~!It.ll!:!\)11<I.h4~Il­

~~RJ1G~'il:j:;~e~llt:"0~l<>.1.;.1711--t"'=!It.lt~lh'\I):PlP<:llt.ft

'~t,ll!!:l}).'tl~n~li\}-In(In\>

rl':-<>:;I!:(lit.thlh4l1t1l't~~'CeJri~H:l-hU'"IlthlH.li~

.~~Il-bh:~t}>MIllIl<>'~ek,lE.lnl~U:!fl~(,\It.l~l1,"

lbJ.Olfi7"\hllt.l~ll>lt:lHH'i'\ft

ltlh:r",=''ck.l~lt>IpHll-fClkh1<1:)k\;lt.1<1:l::~t"'=~5thket1l:lh

lYI~~lfi';l1):"'-ro.~hlP~'~I--I"~l~IYll>tlhleRltl'ilt.I,.

~1S;1G\}f\1~~11"elh1l-ef-1I:...~1'ill/iltclYellielt'iW!K.~\1&\}>11<1:

U'rllcUG~eh.tlltlhbl-u"'=l::1~t;....I~ll>t~1\:»lplt:ll-\ftlblJJ\IYI~

-lell-l"I\.lI~'l-""\!R'IY31.',,@1)1.'!1t»1?'..'l1~~lIG~hIK\}tl~

rlh.....lt.~t~@\}>11>~t;l'i~le~~4elj~15<nl~'~htu

MOINltiONYleNI

l~l-lnl:\}<J,k"'1}~h}.\}'\;1J:,1t:11::

lhl:lll!ltl>leltI!:l::M:Uil-fJ:,1c~

lY1lQm\}'tl11.l::1~!HI~e~

uo'o<:!It.\.l!lt1.;.171l-tlh~

):j!\::'r!1~3~,..,1!clH~e'~l\

1¥'h1l>t'l!:Jl~

ll:o~I):'ie31~.lr.IP~IPlc~

t~~l~lo\h.'"1\-~IRU'11!:~

~1l!lhll~~\::lIt@!\;th!l:i\Ill/il1<:I?.11t.fe)1'l~e1l-ltlit:~lke1"I'

!1t.l:"11.1?.'t!!.!i?I!Ol""l!'l:~~l'tI'

'0Itll•m17~E)I::I~!I

1;1'lPlt:h!1t.~lh.ltl1<1:\y~tlil:IIl-lt>etfi~ltl>\}C4~1'iIll~\h\y~!i\IPI)U<11<1.Uo~l::~ltlel1ljlljIi171~h~~l:~41ttM.»I\.!lY~l}t~§I1jII\]~lolt:H'ij>lp\:!f\\?l'CU~'~IU-l,li~HtIYll!:l}1.')helo~l<''tI

·:\hl-Il

l\.!ol"'=!1tlphlkelj~hHIt.lJJFtIt:

11>~~l::lItll~lbbl~~l,li1J'l11tp\h.....\Jl?~l::It"Lllllt5.~I"~feJm

Illft.rll,n\.lh~h.ElI>ll:olt:I~,

t~U<1ln..l::lt~.,'tp,~l~::

t!4H~I~!PhIH~W;l~"l}17g)~lKI\!R'~@thf~eU1!l<>11!:!thfC

!h:l'i,tlt:;1.,~I"'=~!It.el.o~l(tI~lltol}hll-Wlnlh\}'IYl>l}t-'§I,IIj\}t"lnef!tt\>l<,llnij>lb'i'lh.U:~I

Itplelt:\}>It.~e.~It.I::l~nltl1J

0561'JaqopQl(~9

INI)IAN OPINION

\4~'(~l )\l"la. Et"'l-tl~

>ti'l1!:1

utl~-tL 'l~l: (>.l\l-!olllo{lQ:lott ~'n) ~f'41U ~141 6latEtH :t \

"<1\"-1.11 "!!llli:!" 'l>ll :IIl1~~

'loJrr.1~" »l\~(;t:D\'" :ut\~\~~~dl!:''\{ ~fu. r{\··H~~ ~..,

'fl,~.'l,

\-'l.-o'UtPl~1 ~"<tl~l

~~~t i'i:1'~ ~r-1 ~~,

i>l~I:-t (~i~ttl<i) 3-3-05lL"Il~9{Il:l .{lilli, 1\')(" \(-'{-o

~"i~! 'i~t{\,/ (~1l'i~<) ~~.-o

'i\l-{l~lll l.~'~I~ O"tt@-t) '(-0-0

~<I\~~'l.Ii1\I~

6th October, J. 50

¢/,\(:.. itllt"ll\ ~!I~I"t" ctl. ;l.!:'l

011 ~I ....t ~!l~ \H :<l(1'\~1 ~ltl'"

'il ~l':tl\i @~rt1Ilti 211111 6ef1.

~tM?J"1 ~<l~~ )'(~(~I~~l\

'fl't~~l It'li 6cti. ~\n 61i ?Joo(.

~ld\ ~I'lll, !In'lI'l.U 61i ?j~tefl

"Jl'lll 'Ut:l. ~I"~l ~')nn It·.1!J\ rtU.?il )1..-'11 «\51~:l.1 ll~lff'f!l bllt

1

Is.. 3\1&'tetllli 'l>ll~l "ai, ii'ltColi llO"/~ldl ~Il'JlI ..i otl!J\~ n~~

t{l )til:{l?J 1tGoI" llt ~~l" i1@'{~ ~~!r 'l>l~ iitII:(U'I!I ~'<tli

ttill ~Cll. ~¢(-t ll'.1!J\ n\~

tfI ~.~ ~11I~-t ~'c1 ,efI. )t~"'l

~~I" ".!"ct ,1~ ~ill~ii:I~1 n\~'.{I. 5l1"-l.-t~l:,} ltQjl'JiI~~ aJt~~

!sln'lt111 ,1~ ~'ll ~ltl" rt~~'-fi~ <llltlatl"t .ulllZl~U:I~ ({\!i",g.

~. ~i~Clla '~U'UCl·(\ ~~l~

~eu ~'&U\

'.ft. ~iti1lat ltl~11'ct tiltl...~'l.1 ...~<I\.n 'l1t(1" ""tih ~9{1 ~I.

't~-'to-'l.o "I ..«\"-1.1' '-'lili~ :t-aoetl~ ~1£l'l,'{tlti Isle.>! :l:1!-1~ ~:l.

,~ ~ ~!l<!.11 ~~!'1\ 'l>ll'\a '2l{lat~1;~ ;k.-tl-\i «l~ It{~l~''tl !slll!llf'f

l!i~ Wl\~. !J'~Il\i <tltl ~h.lti

't~nL ~1' ~ld\ ~ll:l~~ ..~

'{l-t dl ~ '} cr{~1 ~(J'Il~~ ,{~I~'\l

<1~ ~~l. "l~' : ('I.) 'fi.Qc!.~,

(~.) "!"'4'i~ (\1.~tfl [\\~tl"t, (3)

";'{E~~ ~l~:-t 'l.~l 'l>l~ 'l.~~~~.

~\~QtIU' ~U\~

~"{.

1J1"" ~1.r"ct~1 !tl,...t llll i'\- ~~.1

!s'\l~. ~ IsIl(ti"'t <{C}I'" ~Ple'~

~I ~=t @'Iilpfi .;,) ~~ rtlll~

~l-\Cll<l'-ll~ :lJl~ :lJl'ct~-fI ~liefl

llllil ~I,,{'H~ l-\I~ 'll!1J tl ~Gjl~(

{{l-\d\ .;"

(\lll~ 'fi'l'1I.{\ ~\lIctl ~l~

lIil ~ c111l'l :lJl1<Xl:(l ~" <\lll\i

~;l.l~ ctl\l~ ~I?j :ut1,{<l11 ~,

I:!"d,~ ctltl~ <xK !s~I.

-llll<l l:Jr::~:»t-t li~~..{l ~l

)tr!l:.~~t{=1 ~ 11.9. 'j~ ~~~ ~'1~~

!l3 ~.

'Ji.l-C~!J ~'~~1' =ut~"'la O() '!1\

H~. )jh-fl '-l:(l!.l'~ 'Ut1<l~n=1

:lJl1 =ut~'-tla {UJ~I~ tj~. <X11.ct.{\

itI1"('il ~~~l\, ltlW,-:n ~U"lr1i

'liCi'tI-li ~I"~l :l\l-\IQj. ' Gtl~ct.{\~11"(o1l \{I'U'/\ \t:¥o !:"l~ ~'fl"l-ll

"l~<;:jl "'I·.I~ !:W'\llli 'Utl~{l ~

~o'Il~ ~Ptl1fl U <{t{ltt <O!sl~ illcr{-il

'l1\.?'J1 "u\:l{' H'l.1 (ttl\<t '-llil EPI

<>t~l \030 !:~u-flo:( ~~)I'l.ll:! ...~.

=utltfl <{~ c: 00 !:~l~ ~l . .{\ ~!sl-\

iltctl.{\ u 'l!.l'..ll ~l ~'-tl"'ll :l>\llill

<J1'11~<O ~ltt al ("l~; 1JtI"'oi '/jt.t'...

&",\1 ~WI.'l.1 'l~~. ill .. .:-ft;\I'l.'l1

'{I ~l'l i!l '} :lJl\311'fi u <\~llli

'\~I~l-t\ !J~l &..l~l EP19PI ~l. 3'{0

1s~I~, ~~!Il:(\ "{~<l\i !l\a~~' J,tl:l.

~\. 'Ho !s'U, ~lat'.t f,,1\1 ~l<ld\

C\,{l~ 'l-.!l"'ll.{\ ot~ !I,{l~n r..l~l

~I, '1.'10 !J~l~, ~(<\nl 'il~tfl ra'ci\.n Ult l\1\l ~I. 300 !t~l~ :1>\::).

~l. \'lo ,,'I.!. ~~C('11 ~'/jI~1 f~

lli'.{l i:lUl-n~ 1;l:l ~I. '030 ~~l~

.{\ hl'lttllol GlI\(\ !:tl ~l!l~, l{ITl

.... 1 ?!a-t'JI ~I. ¥C:O !s~l~ ~~d.

'1l~'./\ "Jt~ ~l-n <l1~l :lJl~ ~~,

nll.,.( ~la,ill.{\ :lJlrl{ il.1~(-t1 \H~<I\

)(00 !I'l~ ,,{'4'~1 ;'Hict "0

!s~IJ. "'Ii<.il)n1s ~'J>.l\1 ltl~. ~l

~.oo !s':ll~ :~llll~!s H'{l~-li !tl'lf

'll\.:l<l\ "'I~ ~l. \:Jo !:ll~ ~"'1'U1Il

\{I\.:l'1\ "1<1-1~1 ~ch "'I'~M( i!l.

~~'.J\"i~L ~\i<...l CSV~rr('\

~~<\ .-,.1§ ;JI~I~;;~l<l :I>\':l !sIn

'\1''11:, t.1i ~'\L Ulll'f(-il '/j'~!s(\

~Hl~l ~~<I\ It&lel-\I "lil:{l~.{\

~'~H~-ll\i, \I(~ 'l>l~ ilii:'\t ).(l'1ctl

lli, Cl~ ti.{\'I"" i :ut~~'Ji.o1l1<t1.{l ctlll~ :lJlr<X~141 ~1«\

~I:!Vl. :lJl[;1 ctlll~ lli>. m 'Ji~

~I<t @~ui .. ~l'l~!l '-l~ ctl~j"

EPt\hl (h -t~ ..., (j~ ~l~~

'.1~i !s:(l "lUll. 1.'-\It''tctl:}1

~~~l t{" H"t l<l I ~~!s lllill ~

~l (\'0 ~lcr{~l{ ~n''tctl,

:ut11l1!J ct!s ~~ 'iPI:ih cttl}-ll

~o!l\l~I.{l nlll:(l ':t~r1 ~11! ~l"iq,l

'il ~r'l lll'li i: !r~~ ~. :»t'nlli

ctllitl ~ll~ \lq(~" ~'t..{\

,\{lG;~lrt~\ Ql'Ci 4l:t~ ')t:1.l\~

!Jl~l'fi~ :I>\'51<tl '{l'fl~l<t<tl

~~~ ~Mhl HI :utl't i;9. ~il

,{l~~l-t "\I{l(l<tl ~:fI41<t1 ~~~l

:t!4e ~l~~. "t~(...ill.(l:fl~ !J~(.(l

!Ji,\"ll& Ol1i,\j.lct~ ~3l,h ~ :I>\~

emt ,{l~~l"<tl :utUl"tI~Il-\i WIG.

?{ill ~, (l";i.l ~:fI~I<ll (\~..Q "{L<l

<tl ~<-i~ 11. ~.t. :l>\L..i<t:Jil~

I;5 r lsl-. !J'l1 c;ClI. :!.l. :lJlIl-\'<t::Jl~

,~W )l.~ ?'tl:i "/~L<:o!-i M : "lll:fl

'<{~$L~ ~ !l~-:tLdl G">1.~~Lo;j ~ll

~t<l <t ~>tl,{·{l.{\ ll:i 'M"ctl :l>\l\{\

i;9. :i>\~i "ltl '<tHlNI c{l:l{l~l

j.~.1 ~ctl <ten. "4l~~L<t..i ~)l.!. tl'l<-il ~~<ll~l :»t3'M1~ 'l.l!ll ;nl<t

"{ltl<tl ~M\'1l<t1 ~<-i~~ ~ll

~I"~ ~l<ll:f ls~<l14 ~ 1~:fIlll""l lsl~l'fi~ \t~ 'l>l'~<l\ '11'fl

~l<t""l ~~~ l~ ~l'l~. lsl~l'fij. ~~lllt ~la,4 i3 :I>\~ 'II!!)'

~l<l~l ~h l.lll)j~. "ll '11'fl

~L-l~ !JLl!I'fi'. It<l\~' ~y~ ~~

~ UU'Ji.ct '1l'fl~OI<l<l1 .;, !J!J.{\ i3.~1~CVn c{l&\~ ~W<1\

~"~'\l ll(f~ ~ 11 :l.(li:!. 1I1~'11

~'i1 ~~'-t "{la \l~t{?!<'''l <\l~i

}tI:U::).l.{\ '(~t{~l-\·ljomO..{\\:lttl".{\

'fiHU ~l~/-tl 'i\IHIl-tI1. ~, :utI

ill~(-il~ ~ l\~1\ '-'t-t!'" I ~tJl(>tJl

\ ,'lro !J~I~ ~r'(I\I=l1 "i~. ~l'\

iil9.1 "'I·.I~( 0,

~'~-t "{ICl.{\ -tt~l ).(~l~l.{\

~!!s -c.f~~ :ut~ ""fit ~tlI'U-i1:l>\1;Nh~'"t E{ll<ll 'Utltl1!s 'fi!sl~

l-\i~ :i>\ ~{ll (m.~ <O<1-1\l?l1 lIltt

288

~\ i!) cr{-cl-j '{~~Illl ~·p.\I'''lli

~ ~31(tPI ~rct!l ~\loo(!sctilli

~l~ 0, ~'"t''1ctl:}1 §\lllPI iij'(l

:(lCl ltC\1 .;';\I:!~ 'l ~~ .yl~'

~I~ ~~ ~-C\ ~~ a <ttlt't ~I~ ~~

~H ut~, -1~ 1 :>.It1~Q,.n H~'illli

~t?J 'i ~1C\ ~-n <1~ :utl:lll "\r\lq,ttl

lli. <\rJ{\ ~lllcr{ ~~I\\il..W! !tIl:

~l-~~ ll~m ll~'Hlli ~~I'{!sl:(l

!tl~< ~. :lJlltfi ""tct~f !tL~'

-~I~1 C1~I:»t1s ~H <\~~l~­

~ \IO'l'!!)~ 1, :lJlr~11s )'(~l\..{\

:lJl'-\~lti H<{I~f w...< 'I~, <1:f:>.ItO\~ :lJl'~ ~~lt':<t ~ll..{\ ).(31&

3' WI'~. ~~~-!1 !sIll' il:!' al'\

~ 'l a') ,,{l~ :>.ItI!l4·<ll~ <lm ~lg_

uctl Cl :lJl1!.9\ ~)11~1 <l'.{t. i\!t~l

"l>l!fl :l>lL'~f :ut1..\it~~L <1m

"t<tg, Cl~ 'i?::ld.l O'l't?Jlih Unl

~Ictl~l <>tl~ <xC'(q,{I~t al~ ~,

:utI 'li~t{ ~~ ~!I~!s~>;{l\i '{~­

4i:l\i :i>\!sH lt~<\i J:{\~I<lL :Ulo'l:l=t~1!S~l{1' i!l, ClQ} .!.\'Ji.-t<ll ~1(.(l'4

~"ctt~l\l ~lt<{l !l~J ~till~" "!1~1

lli ~L'-\<\i !s'~l\'i:1l\i !s')l\r:t ~~ll[

'(~ illctl:f 'l:~l<t ~q,l:{ ~_

"~l~<fi ~IU 'l'w\.

l{ll'1B. r~l~>.{l ~l<!.l ~<{l~f ~l~

w, <tUll ~'~lrct. ~al, ~l~(,\,

«\<1l.... =-'1':-\ @"<1- ;11<l<l1 ~~llli

...~ '.\\?f Ill.. "1.'\I~f 'J;. }'{lLl3<l

:ut':l «\o!.<tI<!.~<\H ~<{\'\~T!l~

~~<I\t '-naL~1~1~ "l~ '.1~il .. t"i

ttt.{\ <o\~ctl-\i ~ nllL~ ~L~ ~.~~

~~13~d\ ~Hl:f ~'. "{tl ~<{\.

ttt{1[L~1 {t.{\ cr{ ~ltfi ~~ill, '{~:u

'l>ll'l~n 'illt~.{\ a.{\<tt{111ill \\1'<1

\it ~4-c~ tt~i ,{l~'\l.{\ tln 'Ut"{('\!".

!s'~ ~ <t'.{l :i>\ <\~<;ih ,1\11. ,{I~

otl-ll W{lllW <\lll~ ~'·rJfi ~tf!sn

OI.\~ -t~ ,!,tl -ltUlI. <\~l' ~'{'ll)n

"<1-<tlellls Isl..< 0\\ ellf41. 't!ct!Jl<l\

lli ~.{\'\~Tn~f ;:t\-l ll<l\111::). (qal

,,1vil~ illctl-ll 'Jt'il.:-tl '\"i<tl-\i,

~.{\'Ul{· :(Fi :lJlG;{I'l ll{<lct nil'{1.~ ~. Clll ~H~ ..I <t"'ll =ut;)

"{It{ !J~::t ~l~{~ ~f~l "'I'3\.{\

tUIHJ\{tl \u>{\ ~1!J'-\\ :$. -ll~I1\;:j

ZA'(\ "'I~ ~:l{-tlel-\!1 ;,l'!'lli ctl1l~1

~~.{\ ~It..nql qln ~.

l){k~l\Iiill '{i~-tl '{51l l:fcil'llo

~>. :i>\ 'eP{hL'1 \:l{-tlell!J !Jl't'lli,

~r~lrtl 9tl~1l':- ,~'~l ll~lal, ~~~ ~';l W1\i ~I~, iillElt"ll. 'lql~l, ~l~!l, "'li'>\l .:,'1\; Stl"ll'l,.... ~l 'l"t!t, .. i'1,"l, dl~,""ill~,

-ilo{l "'1";\ ihJ.1 '11"'''''1, In?, '(\'4~, ~n-n'!->\I!tl, "'l"l;il-«~\, .sU't~1 ~, ~~61, ~1~~I·~'I. setl, ~'~"~l,

EtU :l{I'!l--\' \ '11(\ ~~'!I, ~l"! It'Ufl, atl"ll-t, ,1I"'1l.~1~S:C1"\1-4\ ~~'tll\. <I~m.1 4~-n 'li~'ttl-n <l'll~ ....~~l\l<\ ltl"l ""\tI~1

3(\. '- ~ ~(\~;'1,< E\~L: (I'llutl-il t"'l~..ll 'l{\<! ",PU,< <'lilfl ~lutl ~l!~l.

~~~~~: 'l.'\.o cq!'t:r(\~l ~ll~; 'l~~ ""x~(lts ~...!. ,gl. ('fi) al+((~~.01.,11\<\ '-!~'\: ;"Ir~"<l'~ '!'~l>lrl..n 3Q C\~.n ~~\\?,.n :ut~ ~').t~\~ tlltrl. }

-

tNt.. AN OPINrON

+fi. ~ao{l +·;M\"~i~l~· ~ltt~

:U~I"~

~tl\l~' "'l::t ".R-i't t'It~I>li

\~~ ~1'o1\1r;-\t!l <lfb:et>li >ll!.lc~1l

'li~~ ..";>~al ~lot'11 M11 <t~~

t>{\..~. }18 ~Ioig <j~lg. <\~l

"U\~I ""Il{" ""I1:(l<i ~>lT'<\efI~1 tilet~ ~li~ <1!r~1 ~lij't [q"tll1 {\-i

~ ~':>t 'U{1'i'o?Jlotiotl ..";> ~l}l::t

9{l~1 'Jl-il'\"tl~i "'ttC.l\1 i2; CI :iih:j

"'tl'J.~ ll\.W-! !I:(1 <11l'\1 ~1<1 ~

~l'\(~n ~o~.!rc' "'ll"'llrc">t!l <ll¥t::tl

"'t1'\{Q} ~':lln<1 ~(j (3\{l1LOI .!r:(l

"'ll"U\1 'til@'-l "'tlfi:!sloiI ""Il'{l:!jl

e89

""11<\ ~ l C'.o1{\"'II, !Jali 'U{::t

""Il(i!J~1 'l.1U\1'{~"1 ct~.. 2>l"U\al~

t(l !rll\ ls:{l ~~, 0. l!.<\ ~Ul~

""Il'{li!j::t ::tl!l:fliti l:I'=l14U .!::{l ~'''t

~-t-il ""I1'{\?,!l 'Plai~ ttl£[ 'l(WU'

lit{\ 1.~ 0, ct~ ~ "'1Q)1 01 ~

~~ut-t..£l .~.{\~\{l~ll ""Ilk.l!s~l

~i~ ">tt31' !s1.'t1 'llctl'll lI.1{\ ~..~"tl

~ lsI!! ~lsetl~f '1PI~f a\;! ~~ ~.

'U{l'iQ) ~ 't~~ 'U{l'l(~n ~~Ul\

tlWttfl ""I"-lsl"'<{\ .."";l\;.l~, ""I"-!:l<{\

-tl!ll.ii\ ~~. "'tl'{QlI ~t~11.L <{\"tl"t

{l-l, ci~ ~ o-wtQ}1 01 l, ~ V1ct'<{\

'U{l'i'\l::t lll..-<tlli I!.<tl ~ =-ll<t-~~l'\{\

't<t ~-lll:l);~ k,r<!..'ll ""Il'l(li!ll ~ql':l.::t

<tl1 'U{1'l(Q} ~ s-tten'lr1l~ ~(-fl O'ibl

<l~iil ttl "'tl\{<.2.!I>li lc!.e(\ ~lll

<Ilsen '{'le(\ ~o >l1:fl "'lils~n

~cr-M ~ {\q~.f\ ~.~\?,!' ~-t1, ttl:!

I1dl. ""I::t 'U{l'tl:!.n ""Il"ltlr;-~!J

<lGc1-t I >l1'{ cl~n .C1Q} :VI 'tfi~ls:fl ""Il"l.~ t.!i } ~l ~'tl-ll @~I'l

~. ~n ~1> 't'''i 'U{l'l(Q! "'lc!.lsl<{\

aJ ~1!ll.2>l. QQI:ll'{dl"'l~:til 'l~/fl <{\Rc1 0 'I>\::t l'.<l. aY::t <t""ll

":\tl't ~'tl'=l" 1>~ ill <I~I (3l~

atletql::t <I:u\I 'l~"ic "1l'll ~l~n

~lUl 0. o»tl'l~ @~I'r'tQ\"'tI~

1>~ ES ~H~ } C1""1I~ lilelh~o-~1. et:l.5l-tl ~qt~~1 @\-'=l atl~l<\l

cttl\31c11 ?tlhl-tl ~c1t""l"'l'{\ ~l~

CoIlet~ll .!r:(l E:\l'tC\1 ~(j~. ">tt;(1

'''It:tl 0 l "'tl,{~l ~c1I""l1 ~

::tlls;(\, '\(311l "'t::t tJ{\~ ~Plqlle{\

<a<ll -t.!rift ls~ 'll1=l @QI'I'{dl"'l1

~1?t 't~ljE "1~etl.fl ~l't~n !:"t

a, <=i:j l'.ta.f\ ~loY!ll.l\ 'lRRlirct::t

'ijl:tl;(\ ~<ll~ 'lR~I"Jt 'U{let~.

'l(l'g ~c!.~ O'i ~,g' -If{[ n>l

"'l~UIU '{~ -1.a qll\. Cl.{\~I~ ~l~ .... "'ll'i"!,!l>ll ~'~l~oi

~fitJ.~ "'l~ ~n~ct::t ">i"~ ,{~'.!r

~'~!lct \l~I~ ~~! ~~iil. "'l1'\(Q}

~IHtl~ot.fl <t-tl ~U\ ""Iq"<ti ~~''{oil Hetl an l.\'illurlii\:ill "'tl\{~l

~i @',si ~tI\ ~I<-fl ~~<-fl "'ll-tll{\

""Il'{Q} iil )l.~ll::t ~'-'{tI\ ut'llqC\1

~\:Jiil.

"'tl ~~Iotl ~i{\"'ll.{\ ct,\l:(lvtotl

lilll "'t"l\I~ 'llt(l ~ ~rl\>{l tl!l~l

~ ~ ""Il~1ls QH"?!'l.l.{l ..'U{1'l"?,.l\

at.1c1 "'tl,\(~ 01ll ~<{\ -lR. ~\:J:ii\

'{~'g o::t et~i~ <\'l<fdl "1otl'\c(l

nt\:liil. ~ .., l\l~l' ""Il,{~l 'il.1c1 lot l

<1~"" '?~l<tl (3..f..I~=l1 0. "'ll'\~n

~~'1(1 'tlfiet ~';)lnet Hcfi r;:l,\:I:it"'l::t 'U{1~1!s e3'>\ et~~ Ci::t 'tlU\<fi

~\:Ii\. ~l@tt "'tlk.l!ll>li ot<-Iot

~Q\3n!l \>{I!:\'t"?,.fi -l\ "(.1Ili!j >1'.11\;1

l<ill~. etHI:fl ~'\I~Hl et~dl

,{l tlrti "'IGt~c1c1l"l '{~li!jl~l.{\

@61I'I'H ~'.[\~'U{~l l{ll\ 0. 'vtl

'l(Q} ~ 't\l\....:!. hll:liil "! (3QI~1

..,>.{l ~I:{l ~~I ~I~I '{l'tl <3'H

'ti:tlls ~ldll{\ otr(,. ".L'<U 'tl\ ~i

'U~ .tI>~ .",~ C1::tl c(l!ll~ It,ll..,{t ali <\~ 'U{l'{~Jl ~"~:fl.f1 <I~i

etl1i~ ::t <{'=tIl ""1<' 'J.~dl r(~.

@QI'I'I(rct'll1l ~I~ Hl~ H'tl::t I

""II ~>I.. 0. "'l1'{1i!l1 ~Ihl::tl ~I""

!Il't ~ql~ ~"\t1t(~ !;~ "tlll~. ~.

~'l~~ ~"l.U\1 ~Ql:>tl~\ ~'\ll\i

....·;)I(-{\ !s''t~l::tl ""Il~tt ~ql~ 'U{~

a "'ttJ.~I~· ""1::\. (I-Uo:tl~"~i ~l'l~@'l.l ~I~ql::t 'il.lc\l::ll S;~ .{\~'{ <.'t!sc\

11:(1 1.~1~. ytl~ ~h'tl~1 ~IC\'

. Hc11 atetl ~cti " aYg <tn·-l

tJ{\T'<\ 'll~t{\ c1~ ~~l <t:1,.....

uflT'<\"'l1 )l.til ct~ <tct'ot llU\I" :Ol'l(d.,>\ ~o£.ict::tl <t'vtl ,*'~l ;,'{l ~~I

~. 'tin:«tt{\ @~~ ~ 2>l w.~l\>{l::t n:vi1 'dU'l4.1~ctrtl ~n~l>?,j::tl

<fi"tl'=t ls:(l1.<'R1 ~.

~l1I(~t1 :'li~1~l ~u~{

"'tlt(l ""l't~ 'll11(~ <{\'ll:{l etl~1

.{\ 'l:t-~"U\ 'U{l<fl l<ill ~:i;l. ~ls

<t~\t(l ~l>;d\ ~~' 'I>\~ ~lls~ll~-l

::tl <\-tl \:tIl\?,! !l~~l 0 'U{::t tJ{\~

c1~\tfl (3:o.:l{cU::t1 \i~ ~~Iet<{l>li

:l>u<{\ ~<il\ ~, a-t'tl"t etet'-t>li 'U{~

~~~ll.i ~l~-tl\~ot-tt :!<fl ~..f..iOI::tl

<t:u\l .{\41ot .!::fl ~<ill ~o 'U{l

't\·cf;t:>tllti tJ{\ot.5'\lll"'tliil 'l1c11

-il 't\'''t°Ql 'U{::t ~I"" .{\dl:i

~et~l!:'" lJ1.etl.{\ ~1. 0.'U{1'l~ ~ '<'O.!sl~~· '{.1~ "\ ~ls

~l\~etl~ii\-'=ll ~I~~.f\ ,{l~ ~t{\a

ls:fl-l~ -tllsl't "U\l~ ls:fl;'\ "'11~

~~a lJ1.-l1\ O'i <I::tl q{1;)1 l{'d 'il~l

al't. 'I~ <t<fi <tlsrtcet -tlGc1 o.{l

,{l~ .!d~ "'tl<fi (I!r{l ot~. ""Iltfl

~l,\(~ >I"'I(~l 'li~£?<tl ol.n~Ii!l~1

""I1'li'\ ~C\l '{~~. "'I1'{Q} ~>l0'i;j

~1:I:iO\ } ~I@~ ""I tk.l!s I "'1vt~~l

~ "'t::t "flot.5'\m:vi1.f1 ~'~!Ic1 "'Il

~'t!~~!l ~1~c1 .... <I::t ut"tl<fl m~.

atl~no <I.{\ ""I~ltlc1t ~~ ~:tlltc\l

.....\?,!l'tl atl~n ~";\ >llli ~t~otl {\~

~i Ctt'\ @"(....~l. ~ ot4~ C1"'t\

'll11:{l~1 "lrl(l, '=t~'''1<{\ "trl(l. l}\'t-il

~ itt, ql~U\ a~(J1 '{~{lt 't1'<tI~I-i1

iil )lGt£:t{q2>i1 ;>{\~ '{l~ql ap'(l

'll1::t ~et~otl 'l.:lt'=ll ct:fll ~I(~

ll\.1"?!<lt !l1l\~I::tlJ iil~~ ~c1au{lti,

o-,':ll~ ,,14~1~1 ""Il'li'\ ~'\I o<tl~l\l.

'll11 :flet (t""ll It:1~l\ q~ Qt~(t{lq

e{\ ..£lnl, ""I"'l(l{l~ H'tl a'''''l~::t

~1'l.'!1{\lfl q~\'<t~ <xe 'tIn ~~l....

l.~<tl::t <lIn 'H~etl <at;)'\I.

q,~~~~.{l .{lcU

~l ,\~!"q;e.{\ .{ldl<ll 'l~\?,!''\\

6\t~t ::t~l-i!:\ ~~>;~~ot :ii\ls~, :.~'{

~:fl'\l" iil!:~ "'l::t ~Sl.-tlot "'tIl(

~~~.fi>l\t iil~c!. ,{~I~ H'\l~\

""IlOl\t ~, o)lt(l ~l"!,!~l.fi <-{l'\!r'n1

>l1'{ Clotl etl:?l'lllfl ""Ii!ll. <l"'tl~

O-~~l '{I~'\lotl ~, '{url <I 'll11ot I

>Ii ~~I :ll~ <1'\1 (3~1 ~Ll\ ""I::t

~t"''\<~H'1cetotl ~::t 'd'l(1.otl Gt1.«{

-ll 'l~,;{ \!tl~ 'tfi..f..\ot::t ~n'~r'\

'l>\1'l-ll1.1 'Itt. "'t' :{la 't11:t"tal

~l~ c1:fl~-tl e~ '{Et{\ (3c1:{l

....\:J 'llnl<ll '{ct...::t '(lsetl

~c\\'{~ctlotL ~"\f.O{ ~Q}l~ 'l1~WI

(,~L<fi ~'d tJ{\T'<\ 't,,'<ll ~llsl'\~

!"il~ ~C\l,\(~C\l::t1 ~hl ~Hl'l

ql atl;)'ll. "'tl:flo et"'il<1l<ti 'll11

't'<U 1to<a1sl'{1gl1<{\ ~::tl'l~::t 0""1\"lill .~I~I'.J->li ll<{\ ~'tl apl\l.

"'ll "'tlO-'.{\ UII ~o

,~~( "\lCl(l~ et.{'i1. -l....ll~etc11""I~ tJ{\ot·'ILll""lI.{\, aY::t ~l-tet Q~ I

~I-tetl "'tlC\':I.L ~ '"'i::t ~rct~ ~~

iil o;q <t11 'il.lrtl::t ('ls~l~ :ll~rtl i""I1'hu ~, <1;,\ <tiH\ <l~l'{\ ~Uet

.{l rt"t!r'~ c1"t!r\ et,{l~ Hc1i ~ ~

.f\~'l\'i~ 'l>\IClll ~ \ iil W{(~I

"lill {I{!li>\ l{l\1 ~. }~ ~Q}

2>i1'{Q} ~llltlmotetl<l\l ~-tl~i 'Hletl

~ll:l:til <1~ "'tl'lQ} ~llstll~<t-1.l

... hl >111 atn l~l ~1\J:ii\:til~

....~ll\~. "'tl ~~-tl >It\l2>tl.{\

'H~tfi .", 't~g a"'tle{\ \H~ '"'il'\{

etl.{\ otl{\ ~ et~.f\ "'ll'\{ii} otPI~

"!:~l ~<iH anJiil. :ii\~ "'~l'\ \lI.

\'{ \lic1 ~'\ll\ "'l::t '~~~ls ~<..... .tI>

-ll~lat oJl'll~ t.~tli "'t1'{~'G ~'c1l

.., ~l':l.dl "'ll<\~~. i\ oJl'tl"

t>{\0.1· C\:u\I "'1~etl O'i -t/flo ~Lls

~ll~'l S\ ct"'tl::t >Ill ,\~~~,t{\ ""II

~l<t l{iil.'<U '''~11 W. ..:>ti~1 ~\li~1

~!J:lc(\ <.I,,\'!.l.fi" ~~ ~IHl'~ototl

<.!l\ \"tU\ ~\c\l~.-, ~Ul ~1"U\'lI.{\

"'l\I~ <I"'tl '\1<\ ls~ ~ ('tl~ <i:u\l

6th Octo~r. '950

.-tltl~ \;/[:..1~-t "i~~'{\ :11..1

~.{\'m. ~'l.1"'~~ cu. 3 ° -notl .1~ut<t~1 ~11lt{\ ~r~~~oti @l

'tlt<t etUlrt ~H:,I!l-t ::t~<t'<\ ~l~~

otl ~lt:{l....-t.~!:\ -n. ~~tJ{\ ·U\~i:>t

ttl't'l,i .!s'tc11 ~IO~ ~!i:

n~ :ii\CCI ~~ll ~U\I ~U{\ ~<UI

Wl wlli~ ~lfi~ ~Ikl!ll.{\ ct"u:{lUi.

l\l tJ{\<t~I:{l \lnt~:ii\~!r tJ{\...."

)t(ll.{\ 'tlcll.{\ eta'l~i ~W~

netl.{\ ~~ ~. CI~ "r'l.~::tl

"'I1'o1\I(;>I!r 'tt'ut'l:( :ii\<\1 :>tl~qql.{\

ffl~ 0 " .yt{\ ·l\'\t.I~ ~l""!"~\?,!

lli Cl'll11 "'l~~'H~ ~n4 ~(.

~l~ "'ll\(\ ~e~:lll~ U{<{\ ~..~.

"'Il,\(~ ~ql c1U{!r!i "'ll<{\ 'l.~i~'u

lJ\i\ ~l~ "'l.l,\(~l ct!tletClt "'l1'\Q}

i~ !r~ ~'3tnc1 tl.'\I-t1 ~~I \U\'t'\1

ft\\:I»l.~·~qtllc1 vtt!oR.{\ i.{\ttl;'\ ..t'\i~

"'I1l~hl.{\ tJ{\~~!:\ "lut~ 'l~

-llidl (l(i~ .1~ r( ~d,.l :tillr

~t.I-t "ttl tort I "aYQl i.{\11::t,

fMl '\)lIt todl a 'lIolfn :UPlcl(.{\

''tU "'l.1'\{\, .tI>otl ~rtl'l ~'tl,\(.{\ ll<h\~t{\ "'llkl!rl.{\ ~l~ ~nJ

ai\. '{lit~otl 'Ul:tl~l::t <on>ltl'lttl \1U\lt{\ .... :til 'Ul:tl~1 ~laY

9"~ !r~lil 'l'i:>{\ tl!llli ~, "'l.::t

~I. ~tlll.i .y~ Cl1 lIGt(ot{qc'\

~~l<{\ ~(!H ~ a""ll "'<\ a::tl H....,,~l~U..<tl.{\ ~'i!c11 !r:{l ~~I 0.4~a, ~'I\(\ttot et~etlll""ll ~I "ttl

ki 'll1t~1 d <o1et{\ 'll11'tc1i ....eti

~1I~1::t ~I'=l ~'l 'l1.1'\I::t iitlrk't!r I ~I'{ql ~1c.<{1 tsc1l. a~.fl 'U~ tJ{\nt ~tlo'\I~::t C\:u\I'{\

'(11.811\ .&\ll ~hl:t-tm~, {tl.!l.{\

"lC{\ Hotlll:u\l ""I::t ~l-lt.{\ {t,1:t

k\-ltll~ ""110'1.1. cl\ll vtle ~.!:

l(ll1f.~iO'i {tlll.otl "lrt~l, aY "'ll

(\~~I'Ut\~~ \>{Iat'U al,)l\i 4eti, ~i

'l":!l'l.{\ "l.~ ~'. 'l.ll. ""I::t a

HI ,,(I~ql ",,'h::t >l131~ tl.l:l.

'''\ct O'ic\l ,1{\:u\I, aYaotl 2>l et"U\Cl

"~t{\:ui\" ls~qlc11 ~c\l, <I:u\1d

"lPI~<t 'G. \ll:>{\<t ~'>;~Gi;'\l

\I~~l I:tlletottll :it 1!.1{\'ll11~ lll<t

~i... U{CUc(\ ~I"I.~ " <I"'tl ~t{\

~~.1'1 l~ql::t ~l<h\ttl ot~lrtl.

'll-trt, HHH aof.::t "'llcl\;~h:>tl

t). ~~!I-.n~\t{\ (3~ ~{\ ~l

l~..£l !7-H.{\ ~~dl .,~1.~1 ijipl't

,lion ,\lltlWl\\ <1:ui\ 3hnt1° >;~lot

~~ifl ~'l.I. ~:{l!lI\,J.{\ "'l<h\~~i <I~ta"lu ~4l ('l.l~ -ll~l~ !l.~ G'i\;I

~~ls "utt~ \lin" ut.{\ :lllll ,,<11.

i 'l~~ ~ftl~l.{l =~llli ,"",,,1/r ~'t\ti t.le.fi ".,cfl>litfi

11.~1 !r~I.n H"~I !:i~l ~~,{Il{t.

..{;", ~\4m.{\, ~!1 '.:j~l~i 'l"

,Iitt\l '\i~'l.{\ vOl>l J:~tll '-l"U

ISOS9-.DB0dZittZ.S:~."'0'1....nq·~"\I·'f·r(••noHIIlIO;)~sal:'w,:!)·I....'Spq....W.0l

~~m!!,:~Il!!~'01l!"\Il~'!"~~"~IltIl!H~l'v-!!:In:6l\r<ll:Il-l>Il-l<>IH~J!~l,),tIl,),mt'1"Il!!e

'V~ItJW,IH?!}"'l!'lin:'l~'~~l<'~l'~l:?L~"IIll:"rnM~~l!!lln\U'e

~~Ut-l.».~..~"'~~~1e:1F:'~1e:

·ll~lJe.lt

~l~l~l~~~lklr

"lnftl(

Hl'i'~l!:tJn'h~

"@

~clh.1'~~1l~lJ'lhHII-h:lb

11t~~lk\;~lt>lbHk~'~lful<

I~l~In)kI0'!:."lil):lkU'l<.lltkl\

lJ'1l.lll:!;Hlkl~~Ii~\>~~"'"

uin...lt.If)la:lJ'~~F\t"I~l~l~t

~,l-n,~~'!:.hl't'l:!<l<l'e~bl""'lPl-..

Ubh'la:llt.\.I.h't:11'n..h114l1"'"

'~.f\"t"l'eH

..>hW:n:,Il>'!>ln\!-l'tthl~~'''k~

Ii':.]\:l'ella:~~hl~'~1h~

hlh~\!-lft!k\.lt)o)Ubhlla:cU"L""~I]:h111U:lln.tL""12.~

\}'HI1jh>~\}'lUl~Ifbhl"'"tla:

l}>1rr.hh>~1I'\.Irl'>U'bhl!<l<'@llnlh

~~\}lb"~11HI~leln.l""~@

Il!!\.~tlf<:1~~i\1ob~,!<l<IclH.1H"

lG\...~~l!>ltlfc.olhl"':!lt~~1!<l<

'\!:p.~~H\-\..lh~h

·lla:fl~!'1-~Il-p~Il~"l\2~!It.'l:l'oll>h<>IJol!lftl\!!:W\}n~h.t!<l<

}.C]kl\.lll!,lfuhl!<l<lthlt~hl!<l<

lkl->t\;lUbhl!<l<l~'~loij>lla:

Jklb~P.•hh""1h't:U2CU"1>!hhc

loh\}'t~'~f\l~1\)~1RclHI't

~~lh:C'l:hl-l)'to~ll-l-~11~1;1\2

J"eln.~hl!<l<'@l!H't1J'1.?~

l):II-Hl~n·ltl2.\If,bl}:>ich.l"~

lfuhlla:P,'!:.hU21'\!-l~'ll'~h<>

~13.\.ItI'>U'tlhlla:\It'(''.l!:A~

~l-ll>hl~'Olh~.lW:l""~u...

k~~R"t"~loll:ohl~~~hlla:

lt~1kh,l<>.~'I-~bll!ElP~U­

1\.11~lfc,hl!<l<'1P1ol-lh<tiltt

Clli~'l:':J~l}.)1l1.~l.h~"h1~1-'

bllti~~~>l'<1"~lt!k~@r-~h

un"~ht!<l<~~Ih:e'!:.hlPll'

"~f\~ij>1~

~t;1,)tfoth.lla:tl't1~lfuhl!<l<b!"l~~('l1t~~]k'1oll.k~l~tllt.

\)~ft\}'Ilil'ltl!<l<hg)l»1P)ltlft.h

llo~~l~~e~~U)I'J>t!<l<Mb..

'3.1~flh~1--In'ft

I~\J>\\.lM'mU-w\}<I.kbfuh.

Ii\!:ltllt.t~blfuhl!<l<l~~l):1i

'!:.1'iUc.la:lt~l~Iilt~,)-"l!<l<~hl!<l<

·~W"~t'It1hH~lil~1J'lbH

It.1~llt!k'1ol>.k'"l1--t1lttwr;ft

U2!kllC.hl1--~J.~lel]\E'~lP~

t!<l<hltltl):lil~tla:lHl@'Ll<).'h~1\lil;.3{~~ll'lPl-..Ii~:ln}tl):"h~1j~llle~'~'il~l-\)11

Illlfult'Ptli<llt~lhl'il!<l<~'~t?l

~Vl~\J;IRl<>tl\l~~~hl!<l<fuhi'..li1{lC\jI"1'Pl~~~1}'h

\J>hHtfCI~l):t;lt\}'1l->1~tl~fiqlk

l!<l<l~\)l~liltltll!'\ptlh.II'

S.1~U-1l>"'1ell.\tlli~h~Rl{

]\tlll~\J>11--12.1~~11a:!klhbll-ln

kl~l::ftl<-llkfuh'il!E1I'1k

lfCihlh't:"{\.ll~l):'\?lj''oltl~f'\l\()

06,:

"@.,liij>\f?lhl1<l:·I~~.~fl.ch

'~fl!ol~ft

I~rhlo>hW:~....I.hcll,>!<l:~hl1c:

1~~Rt~~l-Clh~IbbIt.ll't

l..ln:lIn.~t!<l<~Vn-~Ii~I­

l):~ll'tftl!1~~hl!<l<lhhlltlbl'fi,lr.

leln.'~Vn-~I-Unl'l:~hlla:

~>K\-<S\}Op~~f\l~1~~

~hl"'"lhl!lh\-<slJoloyhF~

/hl~1'~hllill'~Jl-l):lli~Jt"'"

hl~Pkl1?\.l-<\.»'fc:1l~~fuCl~

~~R~'\!-tIltt(F~r(f\ll-i»

lRel\!-PIjJ;.~'\let~l-J-l>fl.b

~ik"~~ln.1l-~I"~'~A~

1~1~Mrr,~~'SItlb1lPI\Sl.l\!«;

l!1~\-<s1}flJj~tla:t!!~~&11

lh.ehlh)kh~\\U-~l::lbl>llol<>

Inl<>'ltt!<l<~In.l-i"k.~rl"l~

"~):'!1h~1h~t""~s:~\;

prB1fc,hl!<l<t~I~'"~Ii?

'Will'l):'i""I'

~Ihl):~lJ;lfuhlltb\}'~eH.llt>~>'It

If<;lhlla:lh't:~\}<1I]:l!:~I~ll->hl\.l~

lilcl.\.Il>U-~~}.Cl:I~~hl!<l<'Ij

th~11hl1lhlill'la:Hli'J~tl<t

l):11-'!:.'~§!l)~llol~U>co~1J:.~\!;k~lt>lilclyblFl!<l<'1J-lll~I~~...~

t~n.'!:.h@'!:.~i'..I'"1~rel-ut.elkl!<l<It'\.lh-fl~lsl):lltt:eb

\}n~..l\)P.bl!<l<l):llt."liol>:~lh~

1}'~\!!tt~"'l..~R~lj'IDt~

lhh\-l}>.~~'t}l"~t~~Jjl@

\}'1Il11~lj\}'lP~'J-bl):lklJ'1'"

Ii~!lti'..ll<>l):llttkelP'iIIN.ltl

~1r.'\?}"'l:h~l<>l~l'L'"1i\!:

JkIB?~'l~'@el):1il):~lftft?)lt~l<>Ii~\}''!:.~Il'""'hi""

"'e'lll~h):,lflJ;""lP~11::~

tltchH:h:.J....ltll!'~lJ'J?~Ia:

ltftl'rr~lt~'hlh1lc~lo"1;

'!:.1Jl'~R:~hl!"'\l.pltUbhl~lh

lbb~~1\-l>I~U-1l.lRlJ'~lla:

'l.!~e'ttJ-l>\}'lbHc.l'Ii"I:.tItbl'>lt

!ltljfupt>"",lklftU-~)i\I~.I~

1Clkij-1l1\!lelk\)t1bH~Il\:

'PIIl~H:1~hl~'l:i'...\t.tltl.l~

WI.hllil~'(liV..cI-"'llt.~l}llt.U

'@1't2\':'l:'l:hlilclpb

lY~)'K,..~'l:lt:tlh't:l1Qh~'0{n:

lYl<>"hkc~Ifrlllll.eh'@l-ult

lJll-"I'!:.~,10k1QTi\!re~~'@I~c

\J>IPl<>Unllt.~~l<>)k,t:l.\.IhlJ'

~)K1'1.1\2lelltltl\!m~?tlJ.>)l'

lCllt.\)'p,Ji?l\fUnftllnlWL

1~~'t~lhll.~lhLla:Uttltllt>l):u-.a~

lPb~)l(I~f<\lkI..klttJ::1k

lhbl'i1I'Il!fulltl~lt.lt1J1kU

lk"!:.l.....m1......lV:."l~~'I]:~

;~t.~tJ::hllt.l'l.~-l'~h\}'Rl1.!'!:.hhk~'if~~.l<>,~lVlnIt~bltlil":t·112.t!<l<QfeVL"t~f-lk1

NOIMIl.ONY....I

U'l.»'~~net'l:!:~,~"

'l~\klkkl~ttloo~ft!b\­

'~'~'1HhPIll'lf:

/fte}j'lf:~~lJ'/ft?\}'Yt~l~

ll?..~Hie?lt:ol"'tl):

~~t1(f1::'1<1:

',(?..§11i't2\<lJ'

~11?li-fol'~

R1fl~lla:,~lIitr1blnlt

•:>1J"""~•:>'loA'1I1e'"•..e'"'lo'~~lo"t.

•'"''D!J'''R'~.'~'",~_,...,u,~ta1cl:

0\(Dtk~)~l""~/.OIl:

o..(ll~ltlJ-lcYi\}lllc)}"tk.Pll:

o•l/)1/i'Q~1I.

'~f\~

l~H\-}hKItl..b11olt>-~~l\1~~

112'il1(IJI-I)ith.lt>.l~~lB~b

B~O"e!ltlnlln.U-l~llnke!~\!:b

~~b\tir'l1lft,twlIa:VL'Ilch~

Rlk1tll!t!<l<t!!~~l'H,tiit;~

fllol<>t1bHell~h:r!<l<\lJ;hR:

tp~e!k,klkIfColhl!<l<\!:l!n'~~

~lt~l\.lcU<>.kU-t}lb~hlJi....lc

!ltn~I!<l<l!<l<~I\-!ltlfuhlla:

cSI)r·.l~O"1:>O.IfP

•'C"b.~~r;ln.~)?,1't.~~~1~

•ee'fl"Ua~

•:;lP""..,.(l~l~n'l)t...!J...~~\>&lJ-?1!e&'Ik>"'1}n~lnn(c

"@~1h't:lklloH

\PJ-U>~'"11::.hl"'"l):....1o;1tlt~l<>Ur,p.~~.ft'ltloo~h1'1<1:

'i!l>\h't:!lt1loCSfl1QI'li!k1l?~'"l..n>l>l\.ll<>lt~V>l!!;lh~'h

It=~lt>tIltfuelblY7lj,~1~l!"'ll?thI'l~'d~'l-h,l\P,U,H,hk.

ll;\!:h!kltl~''I<1:th't:~hlh't:!ltll:.bl\)lt>k~lf:J-I~h<h~~lY1t<.lh\}'

lPllnlh~\},~lh)tepri:.lig)'klI,hll(h-oh't:,~ll-"",ell~ltl~lt~l<>

,'1.!hlh't:!ltll>1>""§!lt~l~n·}.Cllt~Ib~!l'iltllolhtjl'i1~~1!<l<

eh.?l~<,"'l~~Ih\.ll~~!H:l"en,u"~7·l\.lftell<>Ihtr,\

~@~I!<l<11oH:C1l<>Ihtr,llrflft\h\PtL'll<!1'P:)h""\}'Wilh!k

Ik)I"ltInl~IclCl~Ilo(~\<;et)Int,lt1l=.!Jlt!l'illPl'l:""~

~1'lh~Jle

(~loe')")

'IDS'.klEl~Jk§'1~1P1eJ'.»fe

'1--t):~ij1:I~~','ilJ.~'Ih

'\}:?~

j11Jt)lffilr-(l)Jt)\nlM

'lnftl{

.f111f>tftllt.~11Jt)~bll:

'I!~l!"'f\I~nllt-l~k.l~lt~t@o

I"'I~.~lPl:I~!kl"~I'l:~l>

kR:lYl~.~~Uc~Wl)-.<.~P:tl~h!§l

<Iklht-P.JkJ11-'1.:>1),Il>I!<l<Ucrc~\

~~I!<l<!klt:.hl!<l<elM".~lla:f\llti

~l".:s~~l)J~h!ltl-'hu-flJ,hl!<l<

'Jow-,l':"'('Lhr~l~h1.l\J)I~,ltll

,..t~~~lt!~'!?JUe~lfi

~bcu~l~ \('~i;)l i\!tl'tcfi I 1I.1i I 1

r~~'u.,{I~~ j

ql~ ,.,. I ~oo\ '3tJo 'I. 4'l. 0 ~>th<t ~'\1~~:ut!l~I"t~ "'t1~1

~~, !s.-.n. .!Jo ~l.i!s~~ ~

~k I \ q,~ 'to I 'l,a I.u.{\ Y '{-'l" \-'l.

" " "" ~Y '{ 't-'l,u~rn i-3,

" H. ~'t \ 't-~\~lll i-Y(,:-" '\.3 'l.~ 19 't-'l.'t1-l'~llJl i-'l'1.0

" 'I. V ~'-9 (. "t-'l.'ll"~'4 \-\'t'l .. 3- H (,:- 't-=l,3 i-u?l~ H ~~ " 'l." \0 't-'l.'l. i-l

q11HI, ~'{l~ut~ 'l,3, ,,~'(o.

1sl~Cll~~ ~~lCl~l

6th October, '1950

"'l~ls.{\ ~~I ~~I.{\ i>l.a ~rrtf.1~ls lJ{.f( ~l~. ~r~.ct"l

~-SI )(\(I-t 't',,{lc\ ~~~.f( ~UI~.f(

~I~.f(dl";t iit!s~!1 :Il'PJ~<i1 c(l41.{~i

~bI ;o)\'tlltl. fl~'m";tl .{\~", !s~

~l~ HI<t 't~ ~Iacti 't"-{let ~<.~~

~Htl ",,!il'ttl..,.i !s~: "ctil,.~'Ul )(~\<i<il 't~~1 ('\I~1 !s':l.cll~·

!r~ tlil ~l. ~ ,.11 ~ etl:ll.{l':l. ut~IVn -t~1 't\'?! :ut'avn Iff "Ut"!1

'(~~. ctil ~~ ...,,. ~I ~~l" ~l'\ Ql. :utI,» 'Vtl'{~n ~Iil,

't':l. li\~I.l.ltl Ql a,. ~ctl~ 't~ G-(.>tl\'?! \WII~I "Ut'l.I), t,t'l\ ~'\

tI~ ~I. "n'o \ijt~ .;;> ~lt~l ut.f( ~~ ~il '{e.tI'<PJ\~1 ~I.{ ~~il't~l~ ~ettl Ql a~1 ~l.>t H<t11 19. ~'~ltl<ti Roct =»t:t ~I.{r{l 'Mi\(

ctil ,.";t !r~ ~l~ -t("I." ~le- '11 Hctl UUl ~~ ~I~I ~ilr{l

'tl!lhctl<t HI~ <fi~ !s~': """11 ·'t.l.l'ttl "\1:iI Ql. }(\ojI<t~·..l,UI.\ "'l~HI~tfi lJ{'~ '-'l·.>tlll\.{\ }(~1 H'U~ ~'~~I C\:Gl<t\ :iilHJJ\~1 =»t~l~ Ql.tG~. ~'\' lJ{'~\l(I\~i .;;> ut~ Ql q,~<t.f1 !sll.{'<ti ~l ....ut~l ....-ti !s1-ll.1

a.t\tfi ~I?,l' li'nl4 -ttil ~'ll, 'tit?! ~i ut~l':l..{\ H~I.{l'1~Il~tn !II"

't~~~fc\~i ~11t?!-11't1"" ~\.ti~l lilt I ~';ht(lsIU ~t1 til -t~I. <t~<tll~ i>l ~!tllsc\~1 1:I<t!sI':l. ~I:I -tIl ~'~Iail \- \l\(I~I-11 "»<!.<-fl ~I:O."lnll. -tltl.'" "'t~ U~.{\ Iffn ~llll~ ~1~lfLiI

:l\il:tl~~l i.i\\I:t'\I~ ,.i 't\'?! ~I!l-tU~.{\ ~~lI\ctt ~il:utI" &~I<t 't~ rnlJ'l rn~LfL~ "'t1'{~'\!I~. ~l'.fl u{l~ !i11:1 ~"l

~r.tRtlli ii\l~cti 't'!lrt ~~~iJl !I~: Hcti <t~\'tll ~"",.i, :ut~<ll ell"\iil~~ lhl»\"l )tcit ~~~l !s~ ~l!s"c\ "ti\.t<tI1-li, u{l1'l'\ cH~ -t ~

~1"Ut'-'t1 Hcti 'llctl-tl Iff c\~\ -t ~~ ~ t.!tl~c\ltl~ iiil.,. ~'t'i>'. ~"tl't J\ •." ,

~ " 'M'~I,.i ~ll 'l~l 0'"'t=t a ~1"Ut<tt'll tlt! ~H "'. '~'~<tc\ : e':l.~tlff <t"l.(ll ~'\ 0. oflwt~btu(i{= ~IClW~.>t;~!:'iUl "",l'l~~ -t(\"t..~ 19 l \i~~-tl }(~"t'{~t{l "'tl'lal

'Vtl'l~i ~lli ""'~ ~'\i .{\ll·lI\ ~~ ~1t(It?!,.i ,..{t. ~~~l'dll~l~ <!.'J=t Ifft>?,!t

nl ~il nl!.d\ ll....~ct ~ul 't~ ~} """II't\'?!1 lJ{·~H~\'?! ~G't"t'Vtt'l~~ 'Ht!?ct!l:{\ ~~~. -tr;1 "'t1'tQ}1 ~~I un-t ~l~~l'tl'" ~~~ \l(1~<t ~'fi ~C,I~ul "'tl't~~ ~~l-tl "t~1 -tPl~"~ "'~~ } G't\cft-t'''l'fl -t tI!tl, al "'tl"v "'tl'l~, -tl ~h~I't 'fl<tl 'M1-ll-t "'tRt!:I~1't1!f\~I-1~ {II 1-l1~ ..l,':l.g .T;:\~~ 1 "'tl't<llllj :ut1~1 19. "'t1'lQ}1 ~-tl

~i~!:Iil. '"'l\'1~=t utC1IQ~ ~ all }(....~ul!J: ~lorA ~'1I=lt~. iit al

"'tl't~ 'tl~ !~a !I':l.cti :ut"l.!:l:f ~u{lG'", ~.} ~1'I'\~UI'" ~~11-l1h\\i~ -t..l "",=t <i=t rt~ct ~ ~\.tI:O. i1~ '<Ii!! ,!~C1!s..(\ :ut1<:1 I HcU }(.....

~rn .T;:\1:JiUl, 'H:\" 1-li "Ii~!:I~ '1t '"'l.'ll....~· )ll!:tl-'l. ~;hl~f. }(1'1'\}I~~=t 'llcll-U ~~ !:~~ Hql~ ~'<ll!l ~l..qlli ~UI~=11 'It'll ~Q."~I~ c,!;t'. "'t~ ""il C1ll.{\ } H{t~ ~I\:I ~Il, ~~etil -t~1t:J"~I~ <t~ 't'\1 <.ctl. \ll} 'Vt~ "l.~.~\l~1 (.,1~1 "",'£!sct ~~d\ il~~"..lU 1 ill.... 1-l1))' 1Jijt'M.{\ ~!s :ill!:~ 1oI1?,l1<-fl!lI~ ""'I~l~ "'tl

""1~1€\ tadl. • 1-l1~1 'tit?! ~ Iff 'l~' ~lorA :l.t~t'fi ~!J:l't -t(oI."

It.l~ ~. ~";t ·h~'M=tI. ~~. <t ¢"( Qt.l~(\~ (q1; n.../}

't 't~. )I~~ ~I~ !i; 'c9~~1 3'1 __ ~l .... 'Q,L

"~~'fI ~'!Il1\l'li:l1 ~. il' a-ti ""I <f\'( 'l{l. c!.'.\:=t !I~: "~!1'tlcl!ll~<t ~~q "'t=l }(!rt141 ~'11 "tl"!! "'til:O.!s1 "'t::t u{l~ UlL"'!!~. t:iJl ~~<t<tl €\,,(~I~ 'Ht ,til'll, $:tlt ~ 'MUI"4i'h ~il il\:l

!I~ ~, "'t~ (l '\"tC\-11 13""l. "'tl -Uil ~lil 9{1~et ~.l.ll.{ iilcfi 11jt~dll ~l~ ~ll':l.Q) ~l~. n-U ~\ .{\ b::>'~1 -ttn. 'tfU ut'~ G'..1ill

'llf.1,.Qjl,.i t "'tl....-n }i~~~ .(\(,l~f ~lil ~"t1 ~'\1 ~'q'l:t "1.lI\q'tI~1~ ~t' ~I~ "~ls ~':l.1-ltil r{l~' "'t~ ~ ~!set ':l.1C:~'~lll :utl<tctl ~'h'10(\ 1'1'\'1 ~. !sl~~ 1 Mdl .;(Ia ~it=l. ~I~a -'\l'~, ~:Q(I1:J :ut:=t~ ftO\i~ \i~~ ~l~ lll))< 'tUl. 0 rct'tt-tlldl'{\ ~~I't'1t.{\ l;ffi~ .{\~11Ill'4i~ ~~ 1:"Ut ~..., Ql." <tl h\\:I~, ~'fl lijt~.{\ If:l.\tl 19.

~~'l~~l ~'1;~1 ~rnll>{~l bI'cJ ~1-li:l. "\\:il .... ~·.T;:\51.1. "'tL-t~1 a\:l:=t 'Vtl'{l?,ll ~tI-t1 ~~It?!~

r.t~.{\ ~!!I~, "'t0

5t ~fitlf. "tlcH "'tl Ul ~!f\ ~!1 ~'<lIG'!!l('!I'~I :>JIll '{\'a,~-t~l ~''OI':l. <t«:t~ ~Iit <tt! r{l!lc!.:=tl ~'lJ{'\:i lJ{1\(<tI-t1~1'J 't~Q\ eo(~I"!i ~~ ~ "'VtI~I{\ }('It~ "'t.5t "'t1'tQl <h"l.I~ Hitl '(1-U lUr'<1 ~Iit eo( "'tl't~ 1: 1'1.' '{c{l iit "'t~'9{~c1 -t~....!! -t~. :iJl <\I lll"l -..i\'l.:.t":Vt!l "9{I~a i1~-t't~r{l "'t'~ ~ .~l"t'i'" ~. ~=t "Iil:4l!:l ~~. \ a~i~ .{\!I'J[l ..... ' ~ ~ gl'\':l.\.... '"'l.~ \lll,l.... !sa<\1 <oct I a 'Hi! €I91 I ~il a'i:iJl ~'tlct "Iiloo'{q~' ""'I't~' ..il'i ~ ~'~~I .. I (0 I. :utl'tl?,ll 'Ul-u l<li~ ""'t;;> lrl~~ ~',il ltQ}1 ~"l.l-t "'tl..~<tl~:fl ~"l.1 lll'l €!oJ<ti.l.~~ ~f"l 'til \l '-ll. 2 :>t't! ~ctl. ~~11~-t1 ~l""'~ bllI'1

91 1. 't\G I I 9{lf. 'a,~lll ~il-1l~ ~h ~~ ,I~-tl

O'INIOM

lJ{'''l.I':l.~n'l <tJI C1fLl ~1~O:{I ~~»i

iit~f "-'I1<t~!I <ttfi, ~'tl .{\\'?!<'t

H<tl~i Ctll~ ~~lI\ctl liC!/l I':.dl.

~'t "'tl,(~' )(1'I'\li'dI!l ~Il>~ 19.~lil <t~~ il"rt't~~ "'t'tllt~1 -t<tl

~~'t~ d\~ ~1'tQll ~"'I ~11.~'M~(O1-li ~..{t '::1 ll>\ I 19. :utI .{\It?!''\ 1-l1l

il' ~lt ,,~~ <t..l,1 ~\.tl-t=l "'t~<t'~-t=»t1'1.'ti .cli. "'tl.,» '(~ ~ :Vt eo(

vt~~I'I. "l.~l:f ~."

~SI~~I, l:I~ll~~n'l.t ct'U :lfI'1-t1

~l':l.cl ~lit-tl -n"lI~I:O. ~'tl <t~It?!~)(~Ul <t"l.lil ~-fl~' (;9. ~~'tl rct~

(l"Ql !s~: ""'tI,(~1 ~~ €l~~il:O.'l.I~ !i1-l~I\itI~ ~~~ H<tllli

"'tilfL!s1 "'t~ ~1<!.~~ ~l~ "'t1\~1W, 't~ ~-tl~ t1.ll1 -ll.l!la'tl.{\ Iff"ll"t

~I:O. ~I.tl -ttn. ~·~5t1 "'';\C\l

"'t1't'4l ~ui~ :utI "-'I':il. "-'I"tcl4l~

!J:~ct{t .{\tfi ~=t cu....un ~u5t ~,

"'t~ a=t ~ ~~ :utl~ ~."

R&'s-~-c-<:-n~ :U\~ctl"'tl 'fl=t ~~~ ...."'!IC.~: "~li­

~~-flll :iii !I ctl Vl al "'t1'tQ}1 Att~1~'tl~ ~, :iJlll "IiI:4l~~ ~l"~

<.1 .~ct!ltU\-t1 ~1't~1 "'t~~q~"'tl-tlll (11:/ -t'n "l'~Ht>?,!lIi'fl '"'II

'\{~ "'tct~ ~cil~lll':l. (~'{'tl l::l~!Ill~~) =:t ~"t~~ "'tl\{} {ll:() iI}.'11!f\~ct,-t ~i~~l>{l!l ,lorA "t-~

~lql ~<li ~I~l ""\'?! lr'tt-s ?J~-{\ill~l~ellli \~ Ql. '{1!l'l~cttrJr{l ~ltl't-tl :ut1'tQl "'tc!.!lI'fl ~!f\~ :iiI~

-t~l~. ~C1i "'tl't~ ':l.1....~I:O. .{\tfi"'toll lsi,. &1,. q~ !sGI ~h~I'"~1U{l ~} ~1-l -t~ll:f: ]ill} (011,ti~-{\ll, til"t, uillf., ~-t, '{l~~~1'tcfi cllll,. ~Iil lc!.~I!s ~~Ir{l;"c\~?l 'tlct{t~ 't~ »i~ u{lNl ~l~~a, a~.... "~(l T4(\ 1I1ili ct~\~'tli'! ~!s Iff li'~~dl~ €l-(l.:-,-<{ "-'I'tl'\a ~,,(I~.f "'tl't~' ~'1 I!.g.

Cl\(~< ~=t :tl.·~~rct '\:Gl 5l.~~~Iff ~@{l H<tlr{l ltl~ ~<t '{~

29 1

"'t1'lG} -t !J:fL t>t~;:>t <i ~q11 ~

"'4'Ot "'4~1 l:t-ll.l<tlll\l l{llt?j~l ~!I~'=t~rct"'llI\l 'It>?,! 'II.{; l,.\ li'~~c{l=:tl ~''-'l'\.t :iii )(~~I.{\ :utI".!! utl"4-t1

"t1c11<t~~ n1-l.., :utl:>tl&<tl ~lil 0,orAl~ ~!I'-'( \:ill'-tt ~lil ~!s eo(

}(!s I~~f !::l't-t ~<tctl ~I't 19. -V{ll

oil :(lct:O.<tI~ '"'I:=t qW~1 '(\'?! ii1!s

Iff ~l'l 19. '1~'g o"'tl ""Ictl-t

~~. "'t~ \.tllfTls cfil;(l:utl 'l1c1-'lIc11

r{l :O.Ct 'tIUl 0. ~~ ei3l9 l<~ict2(H ~~ 'tIl ~. ii1c!.?I. :utl ....~

C1....!I~ :iiI!I ~1"lr,\ :tl.·'l;~dlrJl ~Jcn

"I'l u{l~ lr"lilt-tl ~il\ :ltc>\ ~~

~cll :ut~ ~ll ;U1<t<itr{\ "'tl'l~lijt~~(r{l "tl~ ....'tllJ{~I:O. ~ !(~ ....

~, "'t~ »i ll~lllli '"'IL'tl?J :utl'llVl\11.111 "'tl't<t\~l 0."

~R~

~.~ elhu~·.[l~ ~~I~~Qt~{

~111 ~1l{H·.l11-<U 't{l~11,.i

'tl~ ~rJlU"'t"l~ }(llt~,\{:(!1 "-'II.

'1ql 13'{~I!J:c1 ~'~~I cH~~ :Ul;@(~<t ctl. , 'Vt~ ~ 'Vt!lll"l':l.-ti

~~. it }(~'51. 13~t(!~-t ~lll~'~'-{l. \Ill~lb' ~i'M~GtII:l~ (.~Cl. li~.

~. -t':l.~<t 'tela'!sl~<tl }(~'U('te

.{\~ "~t~ <>wm'l '"'I1't~!:c11 1:I~1

t" :iii cfi~I'I.'1~ :l.t:l.tl ~:O.~lel ~~.}(lll~'~"l!l lIflo :l.tl~~ (O'(n

=»t'tl-tl~ .~. "'t=l ~I~ ..<t ..... ~I"~

,Ccil;(l~. ~I<l~<ttll:l r:(~l,..-t9i11:l

'tla~ I's~Cl Ii~. "'tl ~Qlll'{\~rli

~'~l<t!: ?1l. ,{l'>tra -t1~~11:I

'"'I1't' ~o :utI ~'{~i<1 "'t~!I ~~~!l1'l'I5-ll.1 ~O~llet, "H"ll, :tl.'qL(I,

'fl51.~tn 1:I1,\<k,. ~~"l.!: i9. "oVtU{l<t

~l~"'lla ~l~dl't O{~~l 1-l'..l,'.f\"

ct~~t{l 9{"'~1 C1ltl Y\ct'~l ~{l.

l!fl. )jllt?!-tl·!s~ ~Ul ~::tI~''''''!1

~il~-tti.· "'l."'-l.~\j~ ~~. ).(lll\'?!

't""~ ~c~'t~f ~~"t'(~I-t 11.<t«:t9{~I~ ,<'l~ ~{l. 'l{l. -ll.hH'll~

'"'I1-l~~ :ill!:~~ r.~<i -3% '{c1I!l1

~l~~ rctl:il .Hql~i '"'Ilq,{l. 'l.'tl

C3,{':l.ict "-'I~!: ~ltl:Ul1 et~1 ~~I-tl

rct[q,\( 'fi-tlill'(~'~l~t-t ;U&"t'tl"ti

""'I~t ~.

I,\

"''''Ri''tI.lol)~b"

\>Ok1.1\!,

"'••l:l~kl)l<#'~')Jk

l..iJlt,l<.

R:1};"l<.elkt;'

j)el1~l>#

,.,~'S).",)

lJlelle~l:J

I"'-12"1tJn.,,,

?h.~'tJ

\oP~

\it)lb".~lll

Ilk\!!

'11}1\Q

\h.~!i\Q

l-l>Ql~l\Q

',lon~

'.\olltl:t,"'-Itl:

"R:

'lit.

'R:

II..

'R:

'Ul

'I~

'Il<."

.,'R

'R:'R:

'R'II..

"lk

"R

'II..

'R:

1l<.

'R

'1~

'1~II"'-R:

91lJll<.91jJ

E...'

~

>;>

>>>

oe.\

\\

E

It

;>

0..

,,\e\

h~

\E

\E\E\E

""1>1

he

;>

U

hl

•h\

h.\

"II..

'Il<.

'Il<.

'll<.

'Il<.

'Jl<.

'Il<.

"ll<.

'R:'Il<.

I.l:.~"'~elbl\l.~',"I~"'I"IJI'".l:.n..Il:hlI.oh~''''LI;} !kllo,,"lltl:,"I~pl)ltltl~'i'll!!'''~lItII:""1<\"-i\l{i"1J<>Holtei~h.ll

'ViaNI.["aVSVa:lWHVluaWu0:lu0:l6

3:JIAH3SNOIJ.dIH:JSUnSHO.S'3:>X3e,'i'll!!'I~Il<.P1!1R:kHHoll'"\1l't..,~lJ?<:l\!:nULmIbhltl:?~nY'1,~

hlbI~l~~~1:'''''~~1cIkl:~Itl:~Il-'Il~91ttIVlltl:

~Iltl'lkit•,,\A.

'~U'il~h",'~l<.el)I~,..oE\

'R:"R:\)t.R:\»,\)t.~§

l\oh:l:b,""J1t..~

l:\»R:l>

\o.1l'~lnlll

.."COl~

IP\»R

lobQ,R

loll<.'iPb"'!R:

l:I"'HI<\~Il<.c

Im.1!h~

l\n.l

~Ibtt

Ji.\Qi"tt

l"-"If\.ll<.ij)"­

\ol'lai

'Q"lltl:

"R:

'll<.

"R:

'R:

'll<.

'Il<.

'R

"~I~R:

9Jt)lk'i'.1J'

'l~t1t!:

h\;;>

h\a~

'U~"~'~

9.1."n,'i?!il

'~~'''''l;.lI.\P'~~'t~'b~un,li'!e'i'!t.~l1I.n<l:..,~l:'l!.-i'~,..elf'"'i?f\

'1!:~11)~'lSlI.'''~l~lJa'l'il"''''$~l<l:'.....~..,C·'t~J}>~"Q1\t~~~~cb~~~li'l!!=

1H:~~

°e\E:>lI.:>tM'~

U.&,

h&

:>\;>&\\h\..eE\~\;;>>~\

't\.

ee:>U

~E::>

e\

~E:>,,'t

";>

\\

o't\

'm'~'Ul'

'iJJ.lb'?Ii

MOINI40MYI....

l"1eN'x!aaoqd'SOUHdONV1Ulill

l!1R:#t<l~

Ejel>ktfi

,~tf\tkllPLltkll'e~hl~ll>k!..

<.~tPlle~'1~1"lt'1~1n-~l'e

:;t~c1<l,l-lj\}7<>hlF\)tn~l~th

tl..-1<IIiioh,-1.-\·~'Il>ltlk~

elo.~-Tl}->Oh.lJ:

.......•....••••••••.. ... f:,~ltetJ~n~~lte'i'''JF:,:

::e".lil::~::'.~:•• f:1}l.1JQ:Iy.-:;'~~J-~~l},,,"t>:

':l:.nt)n~1<:!~ll.U-~'~t!~:;,~:

j:U-'l:.nID~'tn.it,}l1~~tl<l:::~a..,~"'~''i.1't'b~1lt.~~J;:

':ful:.lb'=JH.l':1t.W:,l<l:!a~,~:

I:~ll.ll<l:~~1Ol:'bltl.,,,,}.1't1<l.::U-Ut:~1t.'1!:'~'e~fC~'~'il'1C::~l<l:~~1O'~lOl1I.1:~1fll'":

,:1JJl'b~·.Fc~-i~t-.lt.'b'i"'".a~;,:..tl:'b.b~~1tt.l:h.1t.11:~::~;.~~"'1O~1t.~'i.1't,,,''''':J::1,tt-i.1<:l1I.~'l1I.'l1I.~1Cl<l:'~::ell.1!:'l!:~'"{,ltt.'~l;'-i'''~::'~'iU-~..T.l<l:~1l11.::'l:1Jtl,I:>U:'E'lt.l<l:p,mc1m-::}C1Jll::ijoa:t1erlJl""":•• .•......•••........•••.

0,)61'.tGqoPOl{l9

'X!uaOlfd.~~'d.uo!u!dOUE!PUh0/3

'~\nlt.1fl~~I~

~Ik""t!'l'e#<'H~!k-ejc.~I~JctPl~

!k(l~~~~fun1~\.II~lj,~

.~tlh.l}f\l~kll'e

l}\4Jl'ect;1~1lt.1~<"k~I"~f:!1::1<1l=-t~fiP~!b~!eU'!kJ-\:W;

'''~Iltll1I-l>I'il.~~I""!klb

h.1~Lltkl~I::tPcll)1hlkl""}h.l~

~I::""l1-n-~"l:h.TC~!k~I~11t,""

~m~'1.~lt.:tt;.1)Ih'~~,

'VIHOJ.3Hd

'HVVZV9NV'ONI·~aa.A:JSwoog1[1:

'90AVHanDWIssvn:\1Qlt.)kElrottlk\)1~e.Jtl11h'0U'1"h.I~l!'~~t»lfrlh\.IM~~l!l~

l>1tt~l'ef\ll?t\;'l1'\;,tl-,."l.Ok~

'-~~All?ecb:U''!:''rl>1tl'eU'lb~'t

Ita\.)It1lj!U'11I~!tl~!l<.lCI~

1~~h.~1~~~'\aU...,...f''''.''W~ow",,.....w'.t.I1'U-)_.'.'••

•1>"?~It't~i\.u~lh.''''lleU&l~lt.

·?If.elScRh\lC"lC~~~~?lJ'.i'iji:.~?l!-e~1n~t

1t.\?"l!:'~~l}lC~(h?lJ-elS~=-Jt~lCe?~Q~p.?t1~lS~Oe1t.~?""l!:-n:tlJ:~hlJ:?~l?..~~h.

1fu1J1tl~ll:l\tllt.!It.~1Qc~.~

~.j.bJlbEllfll!:1~.'i'1~'@.m:

IR\}1'.ll't;R:tw:r;,~If-ll!!'-lh.'l!It.lkf\..R\')~~blt.

~-~'UeU-lofC'i'elcbI\:l:(,'elt!:,

o1.-Jl."Ue'Plt.LllU"l-l<:';

'@.I~h:(.:elt!:,

'!It.Q~.)aotlt.l:lPU:kf'Cll!!'1litr-h.~~,~~Ifl:lJ".hb~p~

'@.WC't"'eb~R:t1tecWI'P'e~

'na~~1~I\.)thlPcU+>

1~1.liU:ll./~'aY~la!~~hb!l:>~

e"'.>J)ftl7:il1l":li,1J<:t<:'l-(2lhl1c,..,kl'e

U-J:.F.hl1<,~nI);\.fil,~~

l"hll!~~Uclp'l:>

·\M'.1t.~~3~n,lC!~.t}'a

\!<t~,lt.

r1Ut)l'i'!'c~ll;)'\-aJfl:

Rl1t>llolJ~J111t>?'1~

h\.ftl<Qelcll.oRlta'PJ'l:h

'e.lP,1-hJ~}I)'ltl""

IbClllh.Ht.'\n~tl""A.1JfJ\}>1f.\'

,h~n'L~5tlte1l(tU:l~tg''r:l;'~U-In~!l<.ll<\~\}'b),klP~lhe

'futlt:ch.(h.)U(.J?~U'~"I>

,hIli(JI.)lr.l~\j'tl<el?lr..~heIehHI~J)c'f\«)lr.l~~t""V.lb~~

It(~~t:JlPl}t.~P'illc)"l.OPiI~Ir;

!"'~1lI-lla,H.hb(c)l'e7U'U<.

(\);,"I"l<.I"'~\nk<.lk'''l~kll(

'I-tsU'(,h.I'i:.1JL':f'rL1<u..H')I.e...)!kRI~11-\n~.lt.lslbl:!!~1~1<I

"l.OltII-0"-0'1.-1\..'lliclbl)oe

Ikll'ec~t-..l}~\n~,kl>'iltt~

(}cloR:U-I~~)\nT'.lt.~e~l;l1'blC1lf'l}&~.....~

t6~

."

00

•."

.0Vl'O~".44.

••

....

CI

~!l

1I':r

....

~~r~ni

i;;

g&jr~

~Ir.i"J

r~Si

ItP

!:..,

~~

§o'

~1/

;;;;

;tI~

lP.~

jI("f1

..xJ'/t

V\I

,,.

::

:.

~... rra­f~

~:

;r;r

"11'~

31~~l

;r:;r,tI/Ifo'

%:

..s;

R""

1<to

~..

~~

'~,?'o',*,~~­

'"~,,~·~;fE!!:

)d

-"

i1

/'""

...~.

;tID

.,•

it-~

~it

i~T

l;f..

;i

'" 'i'~!

o..

00

....

of'...

•

...~

!l

-;i

~~

'i,

""i'

Ii!.;§

't'!

~,,~.,,~

g.~~.~.~

""

-o

il

'¥~

~,-tJ

tl"

.r~

.~:~

v..

",.

..

i-~

c:~~~

';,1$"

cJj~

:!~

~~~il1;f~

~

~.i<irr~ii~'

'i';;lit'"it}'l1

nrr.;:J!

t!.•

,'1

...

J~

~'~~,~...

~·i

....,

.......

)I~

..'Sl.II'!..

rJ;I

1/1~

.~

if..

:1~

ft

'ffillIIIfI'~'ifi~!

..,:,~

I"G

;,.

i~

~..

!o'

11~

jJt'

Q"I

..1:

....

'(l;l«<~11

..~~o'~

'"..

.,.f'I'

...

i!i;1/

11It'ill11ii

!l:.

ri~

~.:;

fI:l1..:i;;

o'of1

;t'K

~

e"..

#'t

•

,.,.~ tr,y

:;'i1

/If...

R;;,

-:t

f((7(

~~

<!'j~

~'~

...c:

I'i:l

't'~

..;>'Ii

c!t

~t;

~~

:sW

""I"if

......

pII

rodl!

...~::..

,,~.

o..

i

Iii

o'..,

11(J

..,rf

'IIt:

~;Jt

.....

'7J~

;L~

«l

~i

1!!~It~i

rt:1;t:'c

:1fJ

!~

70~r~

Ii.

'ii!~~.-

~i

~~

lit-

,..t!~1

~

~ff't'

&~on

01,.,.

-<;;

~!

t:

t1~

~..

o'i

~trf

'i~

'1~

iI~.

......1f

~..

!i

!;t~

pg

~i

~'~

I.!!"

'II~

,~,~

""rt~

~p~

-;f

;r

.......)0

or"...".

•El

t1~

lJ1cr

It~

~'!

?'""

i -s:~

~~

w....,

...'ii

""'.,.~

r.;;;l

t!:1~

<.7­

.-,..

r'Ii'"

".lr,"1~

~i

~~j...

t!!!!

"iI

itf

..§

D"

'II

':R.,.j~~~."..;;

j..

~!!

"~

:ii...

!'~

ifL!

~

~~

;;g,

";1'

...

."'''''''

..f'i"

';r:':II""~

i­

~~

JI)J;Jf

....""

"

'IIIt'7J

~\'

f~

JnI~

$o

ilr,;2--;:t.

t~

ofIV

or'/I'

!1~

~'Sf

};,;r:

'i'"

-"

';p£

i..

-,.,"

fill;>'

11151

..?i

~'l:i-~4;;j

~.~::

e:.:;,:l

~

~~

1~

".1'"

~~

1t

~r.rit

[{I~

E~r

rto

..

c.C\I

.J~..

WO

o';:

1'1:1

0'"

IfffI

'"

~.,ig'i~~

1§"'~~l:S~

,-t.d"",'i~.,..

;g

;§

§§

'I)'i

~;1'

,.,~~

~.;.

;Jf0

.~~

~31.,....~~

11'!

<;;rr.,'!

III~

II!

!";t'~

~;l

o'.,

..,

jf~l!t;

f~

~~

Ii~.xli

cr~~

:...

Nm

'it'

~rr'~

­~

~:;%

~&

?f~

~ej-

~K

111~

...s:

~.,

~'';r

!Ii

RI(.1J

c;;;;

..I(

"'~t;1

If'~

....

~;t

~(!:

11~

C;~

~'i

'j;

til'\I

:.

!l--

!~

f..

1i

!"

til,..

iiI

ii

..!1:

~

l.

ir~.[!.

~oil

1)

~~~

i9~

oil

~~1

I)..

,~,,!r.

p;_.Jti"J

" /If~<;;<II

~tr

~it

.",.,

~~

rr;>'

~Iii

tl;:

!l!l

:."

"

...~~~~;I

;

~f

,.,.,.If

::;>'

~);~

1J

f~~..

if~

to'

!:i;;

•$

~;l...

~'l)

~9

~'i

!l•II!R~,

~..

:~~It'

;:.~

R~

!~

...~~

f~

?!~

~~

p;n:

~;a?J

..~

1:~

~,,~J

.cg"i'J!!

•..,

I'Di'

-~

~~

:>1».~

~~

rj~2:/if~'~

..e;:!:; ~if

ittiif~~

~,.,

'a..

e!~

~

(;fi'C

l.'!

tz·

I[<!

~~.;;:ct

i!l~%,jC;ii

\':z:

,.,~1

~

~!~~

if.....

IIf

..~'!'

r;r~

/'"0

"1:'~;r

It;:":;~iR~~9

~r; •..,J

~s~9~c~-'

(~ ~i

r:

rt~

(a=1~i~l~

~T~

(~,;tV

'~9

\5 oVI

c;r.

zoz",­

<ll~.

~o z~•z ..-0

IN. I A " '0 r I H ION

M-24S

I'I

~'Tell me ,Doctor

U it .alll to pul an anti.epric .rraighJ on r.M llIourwl ~ t.In an emergency you need an aneiseptic chae can be

~.,d quickly, ...debout hC5itation, and without dAnpr

or undue dlscomfort_ One whieh ref:lin. high gu.

mlddal efficiency in the presence of blood. You Deed

• reliable killer of germs, but non-polsonoua, gentle

on hUlllan tissue, a-,:l valuable in promoting clean and

r.apid healing. YOl need the modern antiseptic:, 'Denol.·

DETTOLTHE MODERN ANTISEPT"j"C

RlCKITT & eOL .. AN \"FRICA,LTO 1'0 BOX 10". CAP! TOWN

.-.,,. UI-c..-

S HPOLD 0 0 TObfoJOoble rn

"I,~k, MII,tory Ton, Ltgh~ Brown, Dork Brown, Toney Red. O. Brood, Tron,parent..~ ...

I. It ..... brigbter, [DO,"" plonsiog oW-

£ . '!be .bin. \a.o18 looser en the ...

IJ. It ........ your borne c1enn, invitin!:.loolUnlJr;.

Books For SaleSbri Aurobindo's ~eligious Books

LIGHTS ON YOG~ 3 t.i

KALlDAS :I :J

ISBA UPANISHRD !i 9

THE RENAISSANCE IN INDIA :l 9

HERACLITUS ,:1 ;)

IDEAL AND PROGRESS :\ 0

THE NATIONAL VALUE OF ART :I 0

THE MOTHER :1 0

BANKHI-TILAK-DAYANANDA a 6

AURORINDO l\1ANDlR ANNUAT. 19-13.44 45 10 6

COLLECTED l'OE\IS AND PL.\Yd (Part 1 & 2 2i G

THE RlDDLEOF'tHE WORLD :I 9

THE TEACHlNO AND THE ASHRAM OF AUR081NDO 3

ON WAR :l

@otcdnetbZ" fr,an:

,Jnil'ian e'P1"nion''H. Ba.g, 1)1toen,,·~,

Jfata.Z.

Ith October' 1950

LIFE INSURANCEAre you adequately insured?

Have you provided for your dependants?Prepare for the future

Life Insurance gives peace of mind for tbe unlinowDfuture.

Iosure with "THE OLD MUTUAL" your friend for Life­The S,A. Mutual Lire Aslurance SOlliely, which hal

best Bonul record in tbe WORLD.

Repre6entative:-

DAYABHAI PATEL

,..1. )'clcl: uehat'otat'" 'etephons: 33-9665.

MANCHESTER TRADINC·-CO.LTD.­

ESTABLISHED 1923WholesaJeSof-;&F:;;;'~M;;~h;~:-"'v

-&­Direct Importers,

47, Commissioner Street,JOHANNESBURG. P.O. Box 1760.

JOHANNESBURG. }BUlineSll 33·0711Phonel:- Residence 33-5961

P.O. BOX .8243., J 0 HAN N E S BUR G.

New and up-to-date cours~s for StandardsVI, VII, J.e., Senior Cerliflc31e and Matriculation.Languages, Maths, Science, Physiology, Commerce,

History, Geography, Etc, Etc.JILL LEeTVRES DRlIWN UP

BY EXPERTS.Write To-day For Full Particulars.

LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP, BUT LEAP AHEADWITH THE SPRJNGBOK.

.~. .~!~~Q!.-!.~§. ~"1' '1'

QUERIDO' DIAMOND CO.. I48 Walter Wise's Building,

4th ·Floor Joubert Street, JOHANNESBURG, Tel. ~::;ll·34oo. P.O. Box 34I'

h SEE US WITHOUT OBLIGATION 0'DIAMOND SPECIALISTS

OUR MOTTO: 'A SQUARE DEAL'

SPRINCBOK COLLEGE

PHONE 33·79441l P.O. BOX 4889.TEL! ADDRESS: .. ARVIND."

HEAD OFFICE:409, KRUGER ST., LOUIS TRICHARDT.

PHONE 64. . PO BOX t06.TEL. ADD: uKANJEE."

H. K. GOKAL,WHOLESALE

GENERAL MERCHANT AND DIRECT IMPORTER.OUR MOTTO: II SERVICE THAT SATISFIES."

43 Marke1: S1:ree1:, JOHANNESBURG.

llot .aa~w. "lIHt 'ff(.£I.t:.~ffilll~l!s ~.lo~~I:1l ":tIot~e{}rt." ~.lo ~I~~:

Yo,:", ~~~H ~~lc!., ~~'t~I,>{lc!.

~l-t: W. 'fl. :I>ll. UlIHt \0 \~f{bu~~ ~~~~: "!lrt~"

,,,.IAM Op''''OM 6th OctoheT, 19'50

P.O. Do" 1010. NAIROBI. C ..ble. "AIRINDIA"For deroll, apply lolA T."'. Agen" and Alrlln~,

EVERY

Annual Subscription Rates cf Some Interesting M2gazin~s

SexologyInternational Journal of

Se:z:olo~y Q 2~U.

MOVIE MAGAZlNESCine Voic' M 45",Filmlndia If 70 -.

Movie Timps W 24S,

Rup_Bl1ni W 30<1.Commercial Magazine.Commerce W 88s.Eastern Economist W 999.Indian Finance W SSG.

1.1 24~,

M. is'''W 30'

W 8.....Bi.M 99

M JS5,M 30' •M 45;.

W 5';%5.M 28~,

W 36..,

GENERALt\strological Mag.CaravanForumIIInstrated Weekly

of India'ndia DigestIndian Review'-Iaderu ReviewOnlooker3banker'. Weelllly~ound

Vigil

The above rates are current publisher's rates and aresubject to changes. Copies will be mailed directly

by the publishers.

KEEP IN TOUCH WITH HOMETHROUGH INDIAN' MAGAZINESt

l

FRIDAY from... ~ NAIROBI-

~ • ".' ,<:J A Constellation leaves~. .;.) for K A R A CHI and

BOMBAY with imme­diate connections for

_ all parts of

INDIA andPAKISTAN

~Thls is the fastest, most• direct and most comfortable

~'route,IMMEDIATE BOOK-

. INGSI:AVAILABLE.

, J.,'., ":CARGO ACCEfYrnO"

LJllfXJ-IlNDIAJ~LTD.

lfH:C'rpofalcJ

tn Imha

Send your order with proper remittance to:

Write For A Detailed List.

TIMBER & HARDWARE MERCHANT8< DIRECT IMPORTER

TABHA

NATHOO TABHA.

Phone 24647.

DURBAN.

Established 1907,

107 Queen Street,

Telegraph .. Mani,"

NATHOO

Door, Windows, Corrugated Iron, Cement,MOO'l.TCh, Iron Duke. Buffalo. nnd Elephantbrunch pamt or nny other building material I

at reasonable price.

EXCELSIOR SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE,9 Cantonment, AHMEDABAD, India.

Authorised Subscription Agent To AllIndian Magazines

.These are the Bladesthat stay sharp~onger You get more value for}our money with Minora Blades. TheygLve fine smooth ~haves and last longer::cause they are made of the finestHcel. And they only cost 6d. forfour, look for them in the"right Red. WhIte andY cHow packet.

THE RIGHT

INDTAN FfT...1Vf Rl=iJCnn:DSBARS,\T SIl.\IINAM SII"IRNA\IOONA IMTIlIII.\(\' DOLIl'ADlIllNI IIULARI CIJAR.1JJ1\lllAND·NI.I(,\"T ,\NlJ,\7 SOtAII'AR,\S AN MOL .:ltAIlI ~[E(,A

n"tlll N,\T,\l_ DILl.Ar.1:--1l.\HNAI 511,\11 JI"IAN ~IUN.KI J[,;LTI EIlI.},; N"I'Ar.. N":'oI,\NIJ 11IJOJAl R"TT:\N

Also Stocki~ts Of Tamil And Latest Instrumentals.And A Thousand More Set~.

I{APITANS BALCONY HOTEL,(KORNI:R SWEL"'Tl\lEAT HOUSE)

189 Grey Str~ct, DURBAN.Phone U414. Tel. Add. "KAPITANS."

INDIA INDEPENOEf4CE" flUlYIBE~

Published M Special Number 01 INDIAN OPINION to comtmemorate the attainment of Freedom by Iodia. "

PriDted OD art paper and profUlely iIlultrated.With historic pictwes cOD.IJected with indiA's struggle fOfFteedom and with photos of the late Dadabbai Nnoroji, Tilg~

. GoJlliale, Subash Bose and many others who have sacri6O!dtheir lives in fighting for freedom and of Mahatma Gandhi,Paodit Jawaharlal Nehru and many others who have li~

. to lee' the fruits of their Jabour. iAlso cootaioiolt a brief Sutvey of tho wor. of the Indl1

National Congrees from the time of itl inception•.

. PrIce ~/. \

4'n"lArd <"d I'ubl!>bed by ~h",I.J U. G.nd~1 a' P~o.nh. N..t.I.