ANNEX1

Communication Adopted by the Colloquy

At the close of the final sitting, participants approved the following communication:

'The Parliamentary Colloquy on Energy and the Environment of the Council of Europe, meeting in Strasbourg on 24 and 25 November, 1977 with the purpose of contributing to the prepara­tions of the forthcoming debate in the Parliamentary Assembly,

(1) Having reviewed the environmental implications of the use and development of various forms of energy in Europe from now to the year 2000 and beyond;

(2) Considering that these implications must be weighed against the expected costs and security of future energy supplies;

(3) Noting the risks presented by continuing dependence upon imported oil and the consequent need to develop and make the best possible use of all available and foreseeable supply options;

( 4) Noting that the area of choice between various supply options is greater than has generally been implied in forecasts made or sponsored by energy-producing interests;

(5) Concerned with the lack of progress made in developing policies for energy conservation;

( 6) Noting the expression of strong objections on environmental and other grounds to the expansion of nuclear power programmes and coal production on the scales envisaged in certain official projections;

109

(7) Considering that, in the interests of having as diversified an energy supply system as possible, the nuclear options - fission, reprocessing, fast breeder and fusion- should be kept open, but that the pace of development should not be such as to foreclose other options, such as having recourse to renewable sources- sun, wind, wave, tide, plant and geothermal- and improving fossil fuel utilisa­tion technologies;

RECOGNISES the urgency of taking decisions on these issues; PROPOSES, with a view to the forthcoming debate in the Par­liamentary Assembly, the following questions for further study by the appropriate Committees of the Assembly:

(a) the relationship between economic growth and energy con­sumption, and the probable effects upon both of further substantial increases in the real price of oil;

(b) the implications in terms of investment, manpower and land-use of high energy growth;

(c) the balance of funding for nuclear and non-nuclear energy research and development, given the risks presented by continuing dependence upon imported oil and the need to develop and make the best possible use of all available options;

(d) the reasons for lack of progress in framing and implementing policies for energy conservation;

(e) the improvement of international control of environmental pollution and the harmonisation of standards and legislation;

(f) the possible effect on civil liberties and on quality of life of large-scale expansion or contraction of energy supplies;

(g) the practice of subsidising the export of nuclear reactors to developing countries and the potential contribution of decentral­ised energy sources towards meeting these countries' needs;

(h) the emergence of energy policy as an issue in the domestic politics of European countries and the need to improve public information and awareness as a basis for future policies;

(i) the need for research to provide the knowledge and informa­tion required for rational decisions in order to strike a balance between energy costs and environmental risk, taking into account the concerns of all interested parties;

(j) the feasibility of conducting, for Council of Europe countries, a comprehensive evaluation of alternative futures according to differing sets of assumptions about economic, social and technical developments and their effects on the energy system.'

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ANNEX2

Some Energy Perspectives for Europe 1985-2000*

Background Paper by Jean-Marie Martin, Director of the Institute for Energy Economics & Legal Studies, Grenoble

The purpose of this paper is simply to bring together some quan­tified projections of what energy demand and supply might be in the countries of Western Europe if various conditions come to be fulfilled during the last two decades of this century.

Before explaining the origin of these projections, the nature of the hypotheses on which they are based and the precautions with which they should be used, a word must be said on the significance which may be attached to long-range energy projections.

In the first place, long-range forecasting (covering a period of more than 10 years) has developed considerably since the mid-1950s at world level, in the United States, and in the European Economic Community. In this effort to predict the future energy situation, the main concern was to determine the part that emergent nuclear energy might play in satisfying future needs. After being under-estimated in the projections to 1975 worked out in the early 1950s, these needs were revised upwards in more recent projections to 1985-1990. Under the influence of high growth in energy consumption in the 1960s, some energy projections contained some fairly extraordinary figures. Since 1974, they have mostly been relatively cautious.

What purpose is served by projections of this kind to such distant horizons? The energy producers who are often their authors or sponsors tend to use them to prove to public opinion and public

*The text of this paper, with full references, is included with all other Colloquy papers in the Final Report of the Colloquy, Council of Europe document 4130.

111

authorities that growth in energy needs is inexorable, that it directly affects living standards, and that no time should be wasted in taking investment and funding decisions. Such arguments are obviously partly true, for economic history clearly shows the relationship between energy consumption and the accumulation of fixed capital in industry, transport and housing. But one has no right to infer from this any absolute determinism, either on the demand or on the supply side.

On the demand side, one must not forget that the quantities measured and projected into the future relate to primary energy consumption, not to useful energy consumption which is closer to actual needs. Differences in yield between these two consumptions depend on sets of technologies which societies may choose to alter in order - for example - to husband natural resources and protect the environment. Also, for a given set of technologies, growth of useful energy consumption depends on the contents of economic growth - that is, the structure of industry and the international division of labour. The development of the steel and petrochemical industries in Europe, for instance, will have a major impact on energy consumption. It is still broadly a matter of political choice, as discussions on the 'New International Economic Order' indicate.

On the supply side, long-range energy projections have often tended to restrict considerably the margins of free choice. The contribution of each source to the energy balance-sheet has been depicted as a strictly deterministic response such that nuclear energy alone can replace oil, in the same way as oil has alone replaced coal. In such projections the contribution of the so-called declining energies-coal and hydro-power- is systematically played down, as are also the so-called new energies which are insufficiently backed by industrial interests- solar, geothermal, heat recovery etc.

In bringing together these several differing energy projections to 1985 and 2000 I should like to show that the dual determinism of energy demand and supply is not as strict as some would have us believe. On either side there is room for choice of a character both economic (energy conservation and production costs, nuclear, coal and oil costs etc.) and political (security of supplies, protection of the environment, regional planning etc.). The amount of room available for manoeuvre obviously varies according to the time­frame: it is much greater for the year 2000 than for 1985. It also varies according to the energy and economic situation of each

112

country: whereas the United Kingdom can rely on oil reserves, France and Italy cannot, and the Federal Republic of Germany can, to a greater extent than other countries, resort to vigorous export policies to cover its energy imports. Lastly, it varies according to whether European countries are capable of adopting common policies in the fields of energy, industry and the environment.

These variables are not all taken into consideration in the global and very approximate projections below, in which generally only the following variables are considered:

-expected economic growth rates, -long-term oil price trends, -the extent to which public authorities intend to pursue

energy conservation policies.

In the OECD projections* with which we begin, the reference scenario was based on the following assumptions:

-an average annual economic growth rate of 4 per cent between 1972 and 1985,

-stabilisation of the price of imported crude oil at $11.51 per barrel (in 1975 dollars),

-rate of growth of energy consumption (3·6 per cent a year) slower than rate of economic growth, corresponding to energy/GDP elasticity of 0·84.

This reference scenario has a bearing on other scenarios. For the OECD area as a whole:

-economic growth rates higher than 4 per cent a year would lead to ± 500 Mt o.e. t,

-with an unchanged economic growth rate (4 per cent), a highly vigorous energy conservation policy would permit savings of 260 Mt o.e.,

-if a highly vigorous policy for the development of domestic energy resources were also pursued, oil imports could be reduced by 600 Mt o.e. in 1985.

*cf. OECD, World Energy Outlook, 1977. tMillions of tonnes of oil equivalent.

113

All other tables have been taken from the scenarios of the Workshop on Alternative Energy Strategies (W AES), which has just published the results of two years' work.* I have selected only the projections concerning:

-Western Europe as a whole (in the OECD sense), -several individual countries, viz. the Federal Republic of

Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.

For each one I have chosen two scenarios for 1985 (C and D), extended by two others up to the year 2000 (C2 and D7). These scenarios are based on the following assumptions:

1977-1985 1985-2000

c D C2 D7

Growth rate 6% 3·5% 5% 3% Oil price ($/barrel) 11·5 11·5 17·25 11·5 National policy strong weak Addition to oil

reserves (MBD) 20 10 Ceiling chosen by

OPEC(MBD) 45 40 Predominant alternative

energy nuclear coal

Much could be said on the choice of variables as well as on the values which have been assigned to them, but this would be going too far. The scenarios are not forecasts; they cannot be ascribed probabilities of occurrence. Those I have chosen are not the most extreme. Such as they are, they do however provide some orders of magnitude which are useful in a discussion on the development of energy demand and supply up to the end of the century.

*W AES, Energy: Global Prospects 1985-2000, McGraw-Hill 1977.

114

NB: All estimates below are in millions of tonnes of oil equivalent (Mt o.e.), that is, in 1013 kcalorie.

- OECD has direct recourse to this unit, using the conversion factors indicated on pages 114 and 115 of the publication cited in reference (see footnote, p. 113).

-theW AES has used various units (pages 10 and 11 of Global Prospects). I have converted them into Mt o.e. on the follow­ingbasis:

1MBDOE ) 2·2 exajoule =50 Mt o.e. 2·1 x 1015 Btu

SCENARIOS

1. OECD reference scenario for Western Europe (in Mt o.e.)

1974 1980 1985

Coal 253·7 265·5 271·6 Oil 667·5 749·7 904·2 Natural gas 139·7 216·9 265·1 Primary electricity 98·5 167·7 259·4

(of which nuclear) (20·0) (79·3) (158·6) New energies 0·1 2·0 4·1

TOTAL 1159·5 1401·8 1704·4 (of which imported) 65% 50% 50%

115

2. WAES scenarios for Western Europe in 1985

ScenarioC Scenario D

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. % Sector Mto.e. %

Transport 209 15 Transport 203 16 Industry 555 39 Industry 481 38 Domestic 662 46 Domestic 595 46

Final Final consumption 1426 100 consumption 1279 100

(of which (of which electricity) (36%) electricity) (32%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 163 energy sector 144

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 1589 energy 1423

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. % Sources Mto.e. %

Coal 228 14 Coal 212 15 Oil 750 47 Oil 685 48 Natural gas 251 16 Natural gas 242 17 Primary electricity 3 51 22 Primary electricity 276 19 (of which (of which

nuclear) (68%) nuclear) (64%) New energies 9 1 New energies 8 ' 1

TOTAL 1589 100 TOTAL 1423 100 (of which (of which

imported) (40%) imported) (39%)

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3. WAES scenarios for Western Europe in 2000

Scenario C2 Scenario 07

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. % Sector Mto.e. %

Transport 310 14 Transport 265 15 Industry 957 43 Industry 712 40 Domestic 944 43 Domestic 797 45

Final Final consumption 2211 100 consumption 1774 100

(of which (of which electricity) (43%) electricity) (37%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 243 energy sector 183

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 2454 energy 1957

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. % Sources Mto.e. %

Coal 284 12 Coal 300 15 Oil 987 40 Oil 808 41 Natural gas 269 11 Natural gas 284 15 Primary electricity 886 36 Primary electricity 537 28 (of which (of which

nuclear) (87%) nuclear) (76%) New energies 28 1 New energies 28 1

TOTAL 2454 100 TOTAL 1957 100 (of which (of which

imported) (46%) imported) (51%)

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4. WAES scenarios for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1985

Scenario C Scenario D

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 44 Transport 43 Industry 112 Industry 95 Domestic 152 Domestic 143

Final Final consumption 308 consumption 281

(of which (of which electricity) (34%) electricity) (31%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 36 energy sector 33

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 344 energy 314

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 70 Coal 66 Oil 154 Oil 145 Natural gas 57 Natural gas 57 Primary electricity 59 Primary electricity 43 (of which (of which

nuclear) (92%) nuclear) (89%) New energies 4 New energies 3

TOTAL 344 TOTAL 314 (of which (of which

imported) (52%) imported) (56%)

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5. W AES scenarios for the Federal Republic of Germany in 2000

ScenarioC2 Scenario D7

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 47 Transport 47 Industry 161 Industry 126 Domestic 206 Domestic 187

Final Final consumption 414 consumption 360

(of which (of which electricity) (44%) electricity) (39%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 57 energy sector 44

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 471 energy 404

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 71 Coal 91 Oil 138 Oil 136 Natural gas 51 Natural gas 76 Primary electricity 195 Primary electricity 94 (of which (of which

nuclear) (97%) nuclear) (94%) New energies 9 New energies 7

TOTAL 471 TOTAL 404 (of which (of which

imported) (37%) imported) (51%)

119

6. W AES scenarios for France in 1985

Scenario C Scenario D

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 44 Transport 40 Industry 87 Industry 77 Domestic 88 Domestic 81

Final Final consumption 219 consumption 198

(of which (of which electricity) (33%) electricity) (33%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 21 energy sector 22

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 240 energy 220

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 30 Coal 27 Oil 96 Oil 88 Natural gas 37 Natural gas 34 Primary electricity 74 Primary electricity 68 (of which (of which

nuclear) (81%) nuclear) (81%) New energies 3 New energies 3

TOTAL 240 TOTAL 220 (of which (of which

imported) (60%) imported) (63%)

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7. W AES scenarios for France in 2000

Scenario C2 ScenarioD7

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 77 Transport 66 Industry 138 Industry 115 Domestic 139 Domestic 120

Final Final consumption 354 consumption 301

(of which (of which electricity) (43%) electricity) (33%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 36 energy sector 25

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 390 energy 326

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 20 Coal 46 Oil 130 Oil 110 Natural gas 70 Natural gas 57 Primary electricity 160 Primary electricity 103 (of which (of which

nuclear) (91%) nuclear) (85%) New energies 10 New energies 10

TOTAL 390 TOTAL 326 (of which (of which

imported) (52%) imported) (60%)

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8. W AES scenarios for Italy in 1985

Scenario C Scenario D

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 19 Transport 21 Industry 83 Industry 64 Domestic 44 Domestic 45

Final Final consumption 146 consumption 130

(of which (of which electricity) (33%) electricity) (29%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 57 energy sector 46

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 203 energy 176

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 12 Coal 11 Oil 132 Oil 116 Natural gas 32 Natural gas 23 Primary electricity 24 Primary electricity 24 (of which (of which

nuclear) (56%) nuclear) (56%) New energies 3 New energies 2

TOTAL 203 TOTAL 176 (of which (of which

imported) (85%) imported) (83%)

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9. W AES scenarios for Italy in 2000

Scenario C2 Scenario D7

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 32 Transport 21 Industry 122 Industry 87 Domestic 49 Domestic 48

Final Final consumption 203 consumption 156

(of which (of which electricity) (45%) electricity) (34%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 101 energy sector 58

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 304 energy 214

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 17 Coal 19 Oil 141 Oil 114 Natural gas 41 Natural gas 31 Primary electricity 99 Primary electricity 39 (of which (of which

nuclear) (89%) nuclear) (70%) New energies 6 New energies 11

TOTAL 304 TOTAL 214 (of which (of which

imported) (91%) imported) (84%)

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10. W AES scenarios for the United Kingdom in 1985

Scenario C Scenario D

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 38 Transport 36 Industry 81 Industry 78 Domestic 112 Domestic 103

Final Final consumption 231 consumption 217

(of which (of which electricity) (32%) electricity) (30%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 33 energy sector 26

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 264 energy 243

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 75 Coal 75 Oil 121 Oil 105 Natural gas 48 Natural gas 44 Primary electricity 20 Primary electricity 19 (of which (of which

nuclear) (90%) nuclear) (89%) New energies New energies

TOTAL 264 TOTAL 243 (of which (of which

imported) (-11%) imported) (-18%)

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11. W AES scenarios for the United Kingdom in 2000

Scenario C2 Scenario 07

DEMAND

Q Q

Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.

Transport 50 Transport 42 Industry 110 Industry 93 Domestic 159 Domestic 127

Final Final consumption 319 consumption 262

(of which (of which electricity) (35%) electricity) (31%)

Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 40 energy sector 34

Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 359 energy 296

SUPPLY

Q Q

Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.

Coal 82 Coal 84 Oil 172 Oil 142 Natural gas 37 Natural gas 35 Primary electricity 68 Primary electricity 35 (of which (of which

nuclear) (98%) nuclear) (97%) New energies New energies

TOTAL 359 TOTAL 296 (of which (of which

imported) (39%) imported) (29%)

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ANNEX3

List of Colloquy Participants

1 ABENS, Victor Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe

2 ADKINS, Bruce Author of background paper Energy Consultant, Paris

3 AHRENS, Karl Member of Organising Committee Vice-Chairman, Committee on Reg­ional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

4 AMMAN, Fernando Institute of Applied Physics, University of Pavia

5 ANTOINE, Gerald Rector; Charge de mission with the President of the National Assembly, Paris

6 ANTONI, Varese Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe

7 BAILLY duBOIS Charge de mission at the General Energy Authority (Delegation Generale a l'Energie) and with theDe­legue General for Scientific and Tech­nical Research, Paris

8 BANKS, Robert Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

9 BARNABY, Frank Stockholm International Peace Re­search Institute

126

10 BAUMBERGER, Heinz

11 BECKURTS, Professor Karl Heinz

12 BIENVENU, Claude

13 BJORCK, Anders

14 BLANK, Annette 15 BLENK, Wolfgang

16 BONNEL, Raoul

17 BRAAMS, R.

18 BRASSEUR,Guy

19 BRUNDTLAND, Mrs Gro Harlem

20 BUGGE, Hans­Christian

21 BURCKEL, Jean-Claude

22 BUVET, Rene

Motor-Columbus Engineering Enter­prise, Baden, Switzerland Author of position paper President of the European Nuclear Society; Chairman of the Governing Board of the Jiilich Nuclear Research Centre, Federal Republic of Germany Deputy Director for Studies and Re­search, Electricite de France (EDF), Paris Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assem­bly of the Council of Europe Journalist, AGENOR, Brussels Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Second Chamber, Netherlands Parliament Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Keynote speaker Minister for the Environment Norway Director General, Ministry for the En­vironment, Oslo Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of Europe Author of position paper Director, Biochemical Energetics Laboratory, University of Paris/Val­de-Marne

23 van CAENEGHEM, Environment and Consumer Protec-Julien tion Service, Commission of the Euro­

pean Communities

127

24 CHADWICK, Frank United Kingdom Atomic Energy Au­thority, London

25 CHARRAULT, Head of Division, Directorate-General Jean-Claude for Energy, Commission of the Euro­

pean Communities 26 COGLE, John Editor, Electrical Review International,

London 27 CONNOLLY, Committee on Regional Planning and

Gerard Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe

28 CZERNETZ, Karl President of the Parliamentary Assem­bly of the Council of Europe

29 DEJARDIN, Claude Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assem­bly of the Council of Europe

30 DENIELOU, G. President, University of Technology, Compiegne

31 VANDIS Member of the Second Chamber, Netherlands Parliament

32 DUCRET, C.

33 ENDSJO, Per­Christian

34 EPEMA­BRUGMAN, Mrs M.

35 ERLENDSSON, Finnur

36 FARR,John

Environment and Human Settlements Division, UN Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva Director General, Ministry of Industry, Oslo Member of the Second Chamber, Netherlands Parliament

Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agriculture, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Organising Committee Chairman of the Third Working Sitting Chairman, Sub-Committee for the Protection of the Natural Environment of the Committee on Regidnal Plan­ning and Local Authorities, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of Europe

128

37 FLANAGAN, Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamen-Oliver J. tary Assembly of the Council of

Europe 38 FLOWERS, Walter Chairman, Sub-Committee on Fossil

The Hon. and Nuclear Energy Research and De­velopment, House Committee on Sci­ence and Technology, Congress of the United States

39 FORNI, Raymond Member of the Organising Committee Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of

40 FORTIER, Claude

41 FOSSON, Pietro

42 FREIER, Shalheveth

43 GARRIBBA, Sergio*

44 GAUVENET, Andre

45 VanGELDER, C.W.

46 GENCO, Pietro

47 GRANGIER, Edouard

Europe Vice-Chairman, Science Council of Canada Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Former Chairman of the Atomic Ener­gy Commission, Office of the Presi­dent, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Deputy Director, Institute for the Economics of Energy Sources, Univer­sita Bocconi, Milan Director, Delegue Central for Security, Atomic Energy Authority (Commis­sariat a l'Energie Atomique), Paris Stichting CONCA WE (oil companies' international study group for conserva­tion of clean air and water in Europe), The Hague Institute for the Economics of Energy Sources, Universita Bocconi, Milan Senator, French Senate

* In the absence of the author, Professor Sergio Vacca, Director of the Institute, the position paper on conventional non-nuclear energy sources and their environ­mental impacts was presented to the Colloquy at its second working sitting by Dr Garribba.

129

48 GROSART, Allister Senator, Senate Select Committee on Science Policy, Ottawa

49 HANIN, Charles Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

50 HARDY, Peter Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe

51 HAWKINS, Paul Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe

52 HEGARTY, Patrick Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agriculture, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of Europe

53 HOLLANDER, Author of position paper Jack Chairman of the International Institute

for Energy and Human Ecology, Stockholm; Associate Director of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Ber­keley, California; Executive Director, Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, United States Nation­al Academy of Sciences

54 HOLST, Erik Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe; and Committee on Energy and Research, European Parli­ament

55 HOOG, H. National Steering Group for Energy Research, The Hague

56 van Member of the Second Chamber, HOUWELINGEN, Netherlands Parliament J.

57 HUBERT, Emile H. Honorary Director General of EURATOM; Adviser, Union des Exp­loitations Electriques en Belgique, Brussels

58 HUBINEK, Mrs Committee on Regional Planning and Marga Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­

sembly of the Council of Europe

130

59 JAHN, Hans Edgar Vice-Chairman, Committee on the En­vironment, Public Health and Con­sumer Protection, European Parlia­ment

60 JAUSLIN, Werner

61 JENSEN, Svend Karlskov

62 JUNOD, Andre

63 KAHN­ACKERMANN, Georg*

64 KARAOS­MANOGLU, Oral

65 KEATING,Justin

66 KELLY, Peter

67 KETCHAM, Robert c.

68 KRAAK,W.

69 KULAHLI, Cemal

70 vanLANSHOT,F.J.

Member of the Second Chamber, Swiss Parliament Chairman, Committee on Energy of the Danish Parliament (Folketing) World Meteorological Organization Assistant Director, Swiss Institute of Meteorology, Payerne Secretary General of the Council of Europe

Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Rapporteur for the First Working Sitting Senator, Former Minister of Industry and Commerce, Ireland Director, Office of Long-Term Coop­eration and Policy Analysis, Interna­tional Energy Agency, OECD Counsel, Staff of the Sub-Committee on Fossil and Nuclear Energy Research and Development, House Committee on Science and Technology, Congress of the United States Coordinator of Scientific Relations, Netherlands Energy Research Founda­tion, ECN, Petten Vice-Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Directorate General for Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Nether­lands

* The Secretary General of the Council of Europe being unavoidably prevented from attending, his introductory statement was read to the Colloquy at the start of its third working sitting by Mr John Priestmann, Clerk of the Parliamentary Assembly.

131

71 LENZER, Christian

72 LIEN,Odd

73 LLOYD, Ian

74 LUNDBERG, Allan 75 MAINE, Frank

76 MARQUIS, Gi.inther

77 MARTIN, Jean­Marie

78 MATOS,Nuno

79 McGUIRE, Michael

80 McNAMARA, Kevin

81 MOLLER, Gunther

82 MOLLER, Willi

Chairman of the Organising Committee Author of background paper General Rapporteur for the Colloquy Committee on Science and Technology of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agriculture, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Select Committee on Science and Technology, House of Commons, London Swedish State Power Board, Vallingby Parliamentary Secretary to the Minis­ter of State for Science and Technolo­gy, House of Commons, Ottawa The Rhine-Westfalian Electricity Works (Rheinish-Wesfalisches Elek­tricitatswerk AG), Essen Author of background paper Member of the Organising Committee Director, Institute for Energy Economics and Legal Studies, Univer­sity of Grenoble Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assem­bly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Energy and Research, European Parliament

132

83 MUNCH, Erwin

84 ONILLON, Marc

85 PALMER, Arthur

86 PARK,W.D. 87 PATIERSON,

Walter

88 PERIDIER, Jean

89 PHIPPS, Colin

90 POQUET,Guy

91 PORTHEINEF.

92 PUISEUX, Louis

93 RADIUS, Rene

Member of the Organising Committee Leader of the Nuclear Energy Informa­tion Working Group of the Jtilich Nuc­lear Research Centre, Federal Repub­lic of Germany Laboratory of Solid-State Chemistry, CNRS, Bordeaux University Chairman, Select Committee on Sci­ence and Technology, House of Com­mons, London Nature Conservancy Council, London Author of position paper 'Friends of the Earth' Energy Policy Unit, Earth Resources Research Ltd, London Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamen­tary Assembly of the Council of Europe Rapporteur for the Second Working Sitting Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Association Internationale 'Futuri­bles', Paris Member of the Organising Committee Chairman of the First Working Sitting Vice-Chairman, Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Charge de conference, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris Chairman of the Second Working Sitting Chairman, Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Par­liamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

133

94 vonRANDOW, Thomas

95 REIJ, W. C.

96 RENAUD, Jean­Claude

97 RIPPON, Simon

98 RISSIK, S. A.

99 RIVIERE, Paul

100 ROM, Joseph

101 RONSE, Leon

102 ROSET A, Mrs Maria Helena

103 ROST, Peter

104 RUTTLEY,Eric

105 RYAN, William

106 SAGNE, Alain

Journalist, Die Zeit, Hamburg

Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection, Leidschendam, Nether­lands First Counsellor, Directorate General for Energy Commission of the Euro­pean Communities Journalist, European correspondent of the American Nuclear Society, London Director, The Dutch Gas Corporation (Nederlandse Gasunie N.Y.), Groningen Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Knesset, Jerusalem, Is­rael; Professor of Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology (Technion) Ambassador: Vice-Chairman of the Committee of Senior Officials respon­sible for preparing the European Ministerial Conference on the Envi­ronment; Head of the Environment Directorate, Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Member of Parliament, Lisbon

Member of the Select Committee on Science and Technology, House of Commons, London Secretary General, World Energy Con­ference Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Institute for a European Environment Policy, European Cultural Foundation, Bonn

134

107 SASSIN, Wolfgang

108 SCHAFFHAUSER, Jean-Luc

109 SCHEFFLER, Hermann

110 SCHLINGEMANN, Johan

111 SJONELL, Bengt

112 SKULBERG,Anton

113 STAQUET,Michel

114 STOFFELEN, Pieter

115 STOMP, Norbert

International Institute for Applied Sys­tems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria President de !'Association 'Leonard Balder', Strasbourg Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Chairman, Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agricul-ture, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Organising Committee Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Charge de mission, Electricite de France; Eastern Regional Group for Thermic Production (Groupe Regional de Production Thermique-Est), Stras­bourg Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Luxembourg Science Research Council; President of the National Action Committee for a Moratorium

116 STROHL, Pierre Deputy Director (Safety and Regula­tion), Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD

117 SURREY, John Author of position paper Head of the Energy Programme, Sci­ence Policy Research Unit, Sussex Uni-versity

118 SUURLAND, J. A. Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection, Leidschendam, Nether­lands

135

119 TANGHE,Francis

120 TOMNEY,Frank

121 TREU, Renata

122 OSTONEL, Besim

123 V ALLEIX, Jean

124 VERLEYSEN, William

125 VILLI, Claudio

Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Chairman of Opening and Closing Sittings Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Rapporteur for the Third Working Sitting Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assem­bly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe Senator, Vice-Chairman, Special Com­mittee for Ecology Problems, Senate, Rome

126 VOHRER, Manfred Committee on Economic Affairs and

127 W AAG, Nils

128 WAGNER, Gerhardt

129 WALLENBERG, Bengt

130 van WATERSCHOOT, John

131 WEBER, Pierre

Development, Parliamentary Assem­bly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe President, Federal Radiation Protec­tion Commission, Berne Head of Division, Directorate of the Environment, OECD Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary As­sembly of the Council of Europe

136

132 van WERMES­KERKEN,P.C.

133 WESTERMARK, Torbjom

134 WILHELM, Jean

135 deWIT,C.T.

136 WORONOFF, A.

137 WRIGHT,John

138 ZIMAN,John

Journalist, Algemeen Dagblad, Rot­terdam Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stock­holm Committee on Science and Technolo­gy, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands Secretary General, Association of the Coal Producers of the European Com­munity (CEPCEO), Brussels Central Electricity Generating Board, London Chairman, United Kingdom Council for Science and Society, University of Bristol

SECRETARIAT

CHRISTENSEN, Hans­Christian HARTLAND, John

HEINRICH, Mario

COECKELENBERGH, Yves

Secretary, Committee on Science and Technology Deputy Secretary, Committee on Sci­ence and Technology Secretary, Committee on Parliamen­tary and Public Relations Secretary, European Joint Committee for Scientific Cooperation

137

ANNEX4

Members of the Organising Committee

PARLIAMENTARIANS

Christian LENZER Chairman

Karl AHRENS

JohnFARR

Raymond FORNI

Frederik PORTHEINE

General Rapporteur of the Colloquy Rapporteur on Energy and the Envi­ronment of the Committee on Science and Technology of the Parliamentary Assembly Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Regional Planning and Local Au­thorities of the Parliamentary Assembly Chairman of the Sub-Committee for the Protection of the Natural Environ­ment of the Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities of the Parliamentary Assembly, Chairman of the Third Working Sitting of the Colloquy Member of the Sub-Committee on the Law of the Environment of the Legal Affairs Committee of the Parliamen­tary Assembly Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Economic Affairs and Development of the Parliamentary Assembly, Chair­man of the First Working Sitting of the Colloquy

138

Bengt SJQNELL Alternate Member of the Committee on Science and Technology and Member of the Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities of the Parliamentary Assembly

EXPERTS

DrBjornKJELLSTRQM Energy Consultant, AB FJARR­V ARME, Trosa, Sweden

Dr Jean-Marie MARTIN Director of the Institute for Energy Economics and Legal Studies of the University of Grenoble

Dr Erwin MUNCH Leader of the Nuclear Energy Informa­tion Working Group of the Jiilich Nuc­lear Research Centre, Federal Repub­lic of Germany

139

ANNEX5

List of Colloquy Documents

POSITION PAPERS

Energy Needs, Resources and Conservation 1985-2000

Conventional Energy Resources and Their Environmental Impacts

New Alternative Energy Sources and Their Environmental Impacts

The Nuclear Option: The Case For

The Nuclear Option: The Case Against

John Surrey Head of the Energy Programme Sci­ence Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex

Sergio Vacca Director, Institute for the Economics of Energy Sources, Universita Bocconi, Milan

ReneBuvet Head of the Biochemical Energetics Laboratory, University of ParisNal­de-Marne

Karl Heinz Beckurts President of the European Nuclear Society, Chairman of the Governing Board of the Jiilich Nuclear Research Centre, Federal Republic of Germany

Walter Patterson Energy Policy Unit, Earth Resources Research Ltd, Friends of the Earth, London

140

Future Policies Jack Hollander Chairman, International Institute for Energy and Human Ecology (Stock­holm), Associate Director of the Law­rence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California, Study Director of the Com­mittee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems of the United States National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC

BACKGROUND PAPERS

A General Survey of the Issues

Public Attitudes Towards Nuclear Power

Christian Lenzer Member of the Bundestag, General Rapporteur and Chairman of the Or­ganising Committee for the Colloquy

Bruce Adkins Energy Consultant, Paris

Some Energy Perspectives Jean-Marie Martin for Europe 1985-2000 Director, Institute for Energy Eco­

nomics and Legal Studies, University of Grenoble

141