Anne's Reign- Construction Style

7/28/2019 Anne's Reign- Construction Style

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Annes reign

Construction Style


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Lead image Queen Anne, copyright Historic Royal Palaces - See more at:Kensington Palace south front with its parterres, engraved by Jan Kip,1724.


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Queen Annes council

The age of Anne was theprelude to a long era ofcontent . G.M. Trevelyan, IllustratedEnglish Social History : 3,Pelican Books 1966


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In the age of Anne England was prosperousand contented owing to:

good harvests and cheap food

expansion of industry, agriculture and commerce

the old way of life was still carried onpeasants and craftsmen had relieved their medieval

poverty

improving landlords put in the land money made intrade


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agriculture had improved and there was a great

interchange of agricultural product, esp. where rivertraffic was available

deepening of rivers and making of locks

corn was being sent overseas on a large scalebuilding of fine country houses

multiplication and improvement of cottages, farm-

buildings and halls

intensive use of the very bad roads existing and

start of the first regular coach route in 1706


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The following images attempt to illustrate oneaspect of Annes reign : the building or enlarging offarmhouses and cottages in stone, brick, or halftimber according to the tradition or materials ofthe district.The architectural results of rustic prosperity were

most evident in those favoured regions where thecloth-manufacture made a great demand for thelocal wool, as in the magnificent stone farms of theCotswolds dating from the fifteenth to theeighteenth century, or in the dwellings of the

Cumbrian and Westmorland mountaineers whosefortunes had more recently risen with theimprovement of the local cloth trade.


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Knowsley Cottage, Inchfield Fold, Walsden. This is a typical ruralweaver's cottage.


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The textile industry has been around in West Yorkshiresince before medieval times. For many centuries it was mainlywoollen cloth that was manufactured, the sheep on the moorsproviding the raw material, which was converted to cloth bythe rural inhabitants in their own homes and sold on by theclothiers at market.Smaller farms such as the above would normallyaccommodate just one loom. Other farms were larger andwould incorporate a workshop for the production of thewoollen cloth. Most of these farms were at the centre of asmall settlement, which would contain a few cottages. Thesewere often used to house members of the extended family.These cottagers relied almost entirely on the cottageindustry to eke a living.


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North Hollingworth Farm, Walsden, as it used to be


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A handloom weaver. Image providedby the Lancashire EveningTelegraph for use in the Cotton Towndigitisation projectwww.cottontown.org.

In the Todmorden ,Calderdale area it seemsthat the majority of the

manufacture was organized bylocal farmers, and they

became known as Clothiers.

They built farmhouses withland on which they might havekept their own sheep. Somewould be small affairs withtwo chambers on the upperfloor and two roomsdownstairs.
http://www.cottontown.org./http://www.cottontown.org./


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Hartley Royd. A Yeoman's Farm.See the detail of a stone wall on the right.


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Yeoman refers chiefly to a free man owning his own farm,especially from the Elizabethan era to the 17th century. Workrequiring a great deal of effort or labour, such as would bedone by a yeoman farmer, came to be described as yeoman'swork. Thus yeoman became associated with hard toil. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeoman
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeomanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeoman


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Quarry Cottages and the old weaving sheds at Warland.


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Queen Anne houses

Meard Street: These pictures areof interest in that they show the

quality of Queen Anne houses,built between 1702 1714.

Theywere granted by WilliamPulteney of St. Martin in the Fields,esquire. The building leases weremade to the same lessee, JohnMeard, the younger, who wasdescribed as carpenter and citizenof London.http://lesenfantsterribles.adrianst

ern.com/MeardSt.pl
http://lesenfantsterribles.adrianstern.com/MeardSt.plhttp://lesenfantsterribles.adrianstern.com/MeardSt.plhttp://lesenfantsterribles.adrianstern.com/MeardSt.plhttp://lesenfantsterribles.adrianstern.com/MeardSt.pl


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The above images show the more rustic andcommonplace property of the lower ranks of society.

The images that follow correspond to fine countryhouses and mansions where the Gothic andElizabethan lattices were replaced by big sash-windows with large panes of glass. High well lightedrooms were the new fashion.

We are going to see five examples of these mansions.

(G.M.Trevelyan, Illustrated English Social History: 3)


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Buckingham Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg#filelinks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buckingham_House_1710.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buckingham_House_1710.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg


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Buckingham Palace was designed by WilliamWinde and built as a town house by the Duke ofBuckingham in 1702. It was sold to King GeorgeIII in 1761. Remodelling of the rear of the palaceby Nash in 1820, virtually doubled the size of thepalace to its current 750+ rooms. However, thefront facade has remained almost unchanged forover 300 years. Buckingham Palace has been usedas the London Royal Residence since it was first

occupied by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in1837.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_was_Buckingham_Palace_built
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Windehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Windehttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_was_Buckingham_Palace_builthttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_was_Buckingham_Palace_builthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Windehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Winde


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Bradbourne House

Bradbourne House is abeautiful country house, setin 20 acres of parkland, inKent. It was originally builtin Tudor times but extendedand altered in 1713-1715,retaining some parts of thisbuilding in kitchen area andwest wing, to become thebuilding we see today.

The British Library - Drawing of Bradbourne


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Fallodon Hall , in Northumberland, postcard in 1936


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Wallington Hall


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Wallington is a fine 17 th century country house and gardens located inNorthumberland, England. The hall house was rebuilt in 1688 around theancient Pele Tower house for Sir William Blackett and was latersubstantially rebuilt again, in Palladian style before passing to theTrevelyan family in 1777.Palladian architecture is an European style of architecture inspired by

the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508 1580).Palladian architecture today is an evolution of Palladio's original concepts,based on the symmetry, perspective and values of the formal classicaltemple architecture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. From the 17thcentury Palladio's interpretation of this classical architecture wasadapted as the style known as Palladianism.Palladianismbecame popular briefly in Britain during the mid-17th

century, but its flowering was cut short by the onset of the Civil War and

the imposition of austerity which followed. In the early 18th century itreturned to fashion, not only in England but in the rest of Europe as well.Wallington Hall has been owned by the National Trust since 1942, afterit was donated by Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan, the first donation of itskind.


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Blenheim Palace ,

View of gardens and building, chapel and library.


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The palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between 1705 andcirca 1724. Its construction was originally intended to be a gift to JohnChurchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, from Queen Anne and a

grateful nation in return for military triumph against the French andBavarians at the Battle of Blenheim (1704), in the War of the SpanishSuccession. The most famous member of the family was Sir WinstonChurchill who was born at Blenheim and was the grandson of the 7thduke.

T he architec of Blenheim Palace was Sir John Vanbrugh . His style wasthe baroque, which had been spreading across Europe during the 17thcentury, but his grandiose conception is by no means characteristic ofthe architecture of Annes reign.

T he estate given by the nation to Marlborough for the new palace wasthe manor of Woodstock, sometimes called the Palace of Woodstock,which had been little more than a royal deer park.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDps


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The actual building of the Palace was not trouble free. Royal funds driedup and the building came to a halt in 1712. Eventually it was completed atthe Dukes own expense.Following the 1st Duke's death the Duchess concentrated most of herconsiderable energies on the completion of the palace itself, and thepark remained relatively unchanged until the arrival of Capability Brownin 1764.The 4th Duke employed Brown who immediately began to naturalize andenhance the landscape, with tree planting, and man-made undulations.

Blenheim Palace video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jk

Video The Palace: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDps
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBpGUc6B8jk


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Panoramic view of London in 1751 byT. Bowles. The Thames, fromOxford and its affluents the Wey, the Lea and the Medway werethe scenes of an animated and crowded traffic.


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Deepening of rivers and the making of locks :From 14th to mid 17th century the rivers were thefastest form of transport and the deepening ofrivers and the making of locks were constant, theThames , from Oxford and its affluents the Wey, theLea and the Medway were the scenes of an animatedand crowded traffic.Where possible rivers were preferred to roadsbecause roads were very slow for the transportation

of goods beside being too soft for wagons. Any waytaverns and inns along roads spread widely fromC15th to 17 th


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Inns and stage inns

In 1637 John Taylor published TheCarriers Cosmography, 1637. Being a description of where to findcoaches and carriers in London to travel tovarious parts of the Kingdom. If you wished to travel anywhere in the

country, or to send an item by carrier, this is the book you would have consulted for

information.Travels then were very slow and passengers were forced to stay at an inn for the night.Within the years many inns became famous and had a pre-eminent position like the White Heart in Southwark: Dickens gave a famous description of it in the tenth chapter of The Pickwick Papers. This inn is

particularly interesting because its history can be traced from 14 th century to modern times


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A Coaching Inn

http://www.georgianindex.net /horse_and_carriage/engstag

e.gif . See detail in the next slide.

A stage company was formed in 1706 toestablish a regular coach route

between York, in northern England, andLondon in the south. In 1734, one couldtravel from Edinburgh, in Scotland, toLondon in no less than 10 days. The

term "stagecoach" is derived from the

way these vehicles travelled, insegments or "stages" of 10-15 miles inlength. At a stage stop, horses would bechanged and travellers could refresh

themselves. A traveller could stay and

sleep for the night at an inn.The coaching inns provided a supportstructure for coach routes.
http://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/engstage.gifhttp://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/engstage.gifhttp://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/engstage.gifhttp://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/engstage.gifhttp://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/engstage.gifhttp://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/engstage.gif


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Detail: The coaching inns provideda support structure for coach

routes


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The Old Crown Coaching Inn in the market town of Faringdon, Oxfordshire is a former coaching inn that dates back to the C16th. It has retained its original features, including a cobbled courtyard and fountain. A heritage plaque on the front wall notes that this inn provided quarters for Royalist cavalry during the Civil War

(1644-6).


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The Dolphin in Southampton had been a famous coaching inn since the C17th. But it was only during Southampton's Spa-town period,from 1750 on, that it also became a fashionable social centre for

travellers taking the waters


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Links:Queen Anne in Kensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensington

Video of Blenheim Palace : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDps

Fallodon Hall : http://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberland

Yeomans farm and weavers cottage in Northumberland : http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htm#anchor1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyneside

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blenheim_Palace http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Palladio/PalladianBritain/PalladianBritain.aspx SOURCESG.M. Trevelyan, Illustrated English Social History : 3,Pelican Books 1966.R. J. Mitchell and M. D. R. Lays, A History of London Life : Pelican Books 1963.
http://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htmhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htmhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynesidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blenheim_Palacehttp://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Palladio/PalladianBritain/PalladianBritain.aspxhttp://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Palladio/PalladianBritain/PalladianBritain.aspxhttp://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Palladio/PalladianBritain/PalladianBritain.aspxhttp://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Palladio/PalladianBritain/PalladianBritain.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blenheim_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynesidehttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htmhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htmhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~todmordenandwalsden/photofarms.htmhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.brackenleacottage.co.uk/photo-gallery/99-fallodon-hall-northumberlandhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH9xj_BTDpshttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensingtonhttp://www.hrp.org.uk/learninganddiscovery/Discoverthehistoricroyalpalaces/thebuildinghistories/KensingtonPalace/QueenAnneatKensington

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Anne's Reign- Construction Style