Anna Karenina Principle

As applied to Learning Objects

Anna Karenina Principle

As applied to Learning Objects

"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."

Effective learning objects are all alike;

every ineffective learning object is ineffective in its own way.

How didHow didstandardstandardssdevelop?develop?

Learning Object: Example

• Content

• Pedagogical purpose; to augment learning about:

1. Russian Literature2. 19th Century Russia3. Women’s Studies4. Leo Tolstoy5. Film Studies6. Cinematic Theory7. Acting

METADATA : early exampleMETADATA : early example

Tolstoy, Leo

Anna Karenina

Russian translation.

Anything Anything digital

Anything for Learning

Specific learning environment

Asset Content object Educational Object RLO

Component Information object Learning object Unit of Learning

Learning resource Knowledge object Unit of Study

Media object

Raw media element

RIO

Anything & Everything

Anything digital

Anything for Learning

AssetComponentLearning Resource

Content objectInformation objectKnowledge objectMedia objectRaw media elementRIO

Educational objectLearning object

RLOUnit of learning

Unit of study

Specific Learning Environment

Doorten, 2003Quinn 2000

Anything for Learning

Digital only

Generic &specificuse

Learning specific only

Digital & Non-Digital

Anything DigitalWiley 2000

Downes 2003Friesen 2001IEEEAnything & Everything

Digital for EducationAllyDunning 2002Koper 2003Polsani 2003Sosteric & Hesemeier 2003

Specific ContextAlberta Learning Cisco SystemsKoper 2001Rehak 2002Sloep 2003Wieseler 1999

text booksinstructors

CoursewareE-textsE-video

tissue paperbrickpeople

MP3 filetextvideo

Anything & Everything

Stated EducationalPurpose

Anything Digital

Specific Educational PurposeAlberta Learning 2002Cisco Systems 2001Koper & vanEs 2003Rehak 2003Sloep 2003

Downes 2003Friesen 2003

Wiley 2000

Dunning 2002Koper 2003Wieseler 1999Sosteric & Hesemeier 2002Polsani 2003

Anything for LearningDoorten et al, 2003Quinn 2000IEEE

A Practical Definition any reusable digital

resource that is encapsulated in a lesson or assemblage of lessons grouped in units, modules, courses, and even programmes

a piece of instruction, normally including a learning purpose or purposes

Lesson

Learning objectsLearning objects

LessonLesson

ModulModulee

ComponeComponentnt

CourseCourse

ProgrammProgrammeeCourseCourse

Learning object metaphorsLearning object metaphors

Modular

Modular

                                                                                

Canadian Core Fields and Canadian Core Fields and VocabularyVocabulary

• More than an application profileMore than an application profile

• For “implementation” & record For “implementation” & record creationcreation• an interpretation & simplification ofan interpretation & simplification of ALL 76 elements of the IEEE LOMALL 76 elements of the IEEE LOM • FULL compatibility with IMS & LOMFULL compatibility with IMS & LOM

CanCorCanCoree

http://www.cancore.cahttp://www.cancore.ca

Standards CAN be implemented with Standards CAN be implemented with different vocabulariesdifferent vocabularies

CanCorCanCoree

http://www.cancore.cahttp://www.cancore.ca

BUTBUTSHOULD they?SHOULD they?

International Metadata International Metadata Standard for Learning Standard for Learning ObjectsObjectsIEEE LOM P1484.12/IMSIEEE LOM P1484.12/IMS

Expressed through > XML/SGMLExpressed through > XML/SGML

ARIADNE/SCORMARIADNE/SCORM

Dublin CoreDublin Core CanCorCanCoree

“To be domesticated a species must possess many different characteristics. Lack of any single required characteristic dooms efforts at domestication” - Jared Diamond

To be useful a learning object must possess many different characteristics. Lack of any single required characteristic dooms efforts at usability