Anion GapSodium - (chloride + bicarbonate)

• Normal Anion Gap– Hyperchloremic acidosis– GI or renal Loss of

bicarbonate– Impaired renal acid

secretion– Reabsorption of Chloride– Examples:

• Diarrhea• Renal Tubular Acidosis• Carbonic Anhydrase

Inhibition

• High Anion Gap– Acid retention– Examples:

• Lactic Acidosis: most common

• Ketoacidosis• Advanced Renal Failure• Drug and Toxin Induced