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Chimps versus HumanChimps Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus - Pan Species - Troglodytes
Human Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo Species - Sapien
Elephants versus HumansElephants Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Proboscidea Family - Elephantidae Genus - Elephas Species - Maximus
Humans Kindom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus -Homo Species - Sapien
Harvester Ants versus Humans
Harvester Ants Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Insecta Order - Hymenoptera Family - Formicidae Genus – Pogonomyrmex Species - Badius
Humans Kindom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus -Homo Species - Sapien
Two Major Categories of Animals
Vertebrates - have a backbone
- includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - less than 5% of all known animals are vertebrates Invertebrates - no backbones - includes bugs, sponges, worms, mollusks, and many more http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystems/vertebrates/http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystems/invertebrates/
Characteristics of Animals
Multicellular No cell walls Usually sexual reproduction Develop from embryos Specialized parts – tissue, organs etc.
Survival - Defense
Animals co-evolve as a response to one another Some animals have horns, some have chemicals, some
are poisonous Warning coloration – colors of animals can warn of
poisons or give the appearance of poison – reds, yellows, oranges, black, white
Camouflage – blending into the background Puffing up – animals will make themselves appear bigger
ex. Scared cat
Survival – Necessities
Animals use tools – ex- birds can open ostrich eggs with rocks, apes use sticks to get food etc.
Animals build shelters – ex. Rodents, birds etc.
Nature versus Nurture
Innate Behavior (nature) – genetic predisposition to certain types of behavior ex. Puppies chew, worms burrow. These are behaviors that do not need to be taught.
Learned Behavior (nurture) – behavior that has been learned through experience or from watching other animals
Seasonal Behavior
Migration – for food, mating, warmth- use landmarks and earth’s magnetic field to navigate
Hibernation- inactivity where organism will slow heart rate, decrease body temperature, slow breathing rate to the extreme. Do not wake for weeks. Ex- mice, squirrels
Winter sleep- similar to hibernation but not as extreme Ex- bears
Estivation – internal slowdown during hot months when resources get scarce ex- desert rodents
Rhythms
Biological clocks – internal control of natural cycles. Can happen daily or over a lifetime.
Circadian Rhythms – daily biological clocks ex – nocturnal versus diurnal
Communication
A signal must travel from one organism to another and the receiver must respond
Animals communicate to defend territory, courtship, warn of trouble and friendship
How Do Animals Communicate? Verbal Smell – Pheromones:chemicals are
released to warn of trouble, for mating purposes, recognition
Body language Touch