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Basic characteristics of animals with some examples.
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Mrs. Marlene Torres
Science 6
Animals
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS
Have many cells (are multi-cellular organisms)
Cannot make their own food Most can move
*some can be sessile(can not move) Can live in land or water
ANIMALS Can be classified in two groups:
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Animals with backbone Animals that has no backbone
They have an endoskeletonPresence of an exoskeleton in some of them (like a shell)
Cartilage can be found in the skeleton of vertebrates
The exoskeleton is made up of proteins. The variety of exoskeletons is due to the protein that is made up of. Examples: Cockroaches or lobsters
ANIMALS
VERTEBRATES (VOCABULARY)
Vertebrates = Are animals with a segmented backbone. Include the largest animals on land and water. They are group into 7 classes.
Endoskeleton = Is an inner (internal) skeleton that protects the internal organs and allow movement.
Chordate = Animal with a nerve cord running down their backs
Cartilage = Soft bone-like material that is part of the skeleton.
ENDOSKELETON
Frog skeleton
Human skeleton
Backbone
Tetrapod = Another characteristic found in vertebrates is the presence of four limbs or feet.
Other vertebrates are bipeds, which means that have two feet.
Giraffe
San Pedrito
CLASSES OF VERTEBRATES Jawless fish – jawless means NO jaw. Have
soft skeletons and breath through gills.Examples: Hagfish - they have a pair of horizontally moving structures with tooth-like projections for pulling off food.
Jawless fishExamples: Lampreys – have a toothed,
funnel-like sucking mouth, with which most species bore into the flesh of other fishes to suck their blood
BONY FISH They have hard, bony skeletons and breath
through gills; have finsExamples:
Spiny Sea HorseTilapia
ANOTHER BONY FISH (THE ANGLER FISH)
CARTILAGINOUS FISH
They have a skeleton made of cartilage They have fins The skin of sharks and rays is similar to the
feel of sand paper (known as dermal teeth)
Blue shark
AMPHIBIAN
Live in water in their first stages of life. Live in land when adults. Hard bony skeletons Breath through gills when young Breath through lungs as adults No scales Smooth skin
Tree frog
AMPHIBIANS OF PUERTO RICO
Coqui grilloCoqui Churí Coqui Pitito
Coqui de la montaña
Asian salamander (not found in Puerto Rico)
ANOTHER COOL AMPHIBIAN
Axolotl salamander ( best known as the “Ajolote)Located in Mexican fresh waters; found in a variety of species.This specie maintain its gills through adulthood, remaining aquatic.
BIRDS Have hard bony
skeleton. Live in land Have jaw
Have feathers Breath through
lungs Most of them can
fly
BIRDS IN PUERTO RICO
Cattle Egret (Garza)
Red-tailed hawk (Guaraguao)
Rubythroat hummingbird
Pitirre Julian Chiví Bien-te-veo
REPTILES
Have hard bony skeleton. Can be found in land or
water. Have hard scales
Some of them have a shell to protect their soft bodies. (example – turtles)
Breath through lungs
PUERTO RICAN REPTILES
Boa de Puerto Rico
Iguana de Mona
Iguana (Gallina de palo)
MAMMALS
Have bony skeletons Breath through lungs Have hair or fur Can move Have jaw
Includes the largest organisms
Can be found almost everywhere
Females can produce milk to feed their young
Whales are the largest mammals of the ocean
MAMMAL EXAMPLES
African elephantMous
e
Bumblebee bat (world’s smallest mammal)
Mono rhesus (can be found in the southwest region of PR
Manatee
MAMMALS CAN FLY!!! BUT ONLY ONE!!
BATS
INVERTEBRATESAre animals without backboneThey do not have an internal skeleton.
They have an EXOSKELETON or external skeleton (shell)
Many invertebrates have a fluid-filled, hydrostatic skeleton, like the jelly
fish or worm. Others have a hard outer shell, like
insects and crustaceans. (hard shell made of protein)
INVERTEBRATES
Includes the groups:
Flatworms and
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Cnidarians
Porifera
Echinoderms
Mollusks
Arthropods
FLATWORMS AND ROUNDWORMS
Live in water, in damp soil or inside other animals.
Have simple structures. Flatworms – Have a flat shape; they
need to live in water or in the wet environment found inside larger animals
Examples of Flatworms - Tapeworms Roundworms – Have a round shape;
have a complete digestive tractExamples of round worms - Hookworms,
pinworms, whipworms,
FLATWORMS
Planarian Fluke worm Tapeworm
ROUNDWORMS
Enterobius vermicularis
(a pinworm)
Hookworm
Trichuris trichiura(a whipworm)
SEGMENTED WORMS Have bodies divided in compartments or
segments Can live in damp soil; some can live in water Examples: Earthworms and leeches
LeechEarthworm
CNIDARIANS Cnidarians have an internal sac for digestion
They have only one opening, a mouth, through
which the animal takes in food and releases
waste.
Tentacles are found around the mouth.
They have stinging cells that they use to capture
their prey (such as fish or other organisms)
Examples:
Jellyfish, Corals, Sea anemones and hydras
CNIDARIANS
Hydras
Jellyfish
Sea anemone
CNIDARIANS (CORAL POLYPS)
CNIDARIANS (CORALS)
PORIFERA (SPONGES)
Live in water
Are found attached to
the ocean floor
They feed filtering
small food particles
from water
Come in different
colors
PORIFERA (SPONGES)
ECHINODERMS
They have spiny skin
Move very slowLive in the oceanExamples:
sea cucumbersea starsand dollarsea urchin
ECHINODERMS
MOLLUSKSLive in waterHave soft bodiesSome of them can be found living
in shells, such as snails, and oysters
Examples:squidsoctopusslugs (babosas)
MOLLUSKSnail
Octopus
Squid
Oyster
ARTHROPODS(MOST ABUNDANT ANIMALS ON EARTH)
Largest group of invertebrates Legs in pairs Hard exoskeleton Can live everywhere, including the inside
of other animals Their body is divided in segments or
appendages Consist of three groups:
Crustaceans, Insects, and Arachnids
ARACHNIDS Have four pairs of
appendages Have one or two body
sections No antennae Spiders produce a
strong silk fiber to make its webs to capture prey
ARACHNIDS
Ticks (female and male)
Golden spiderWhip
spider (el guabá)
Centipede
ARTHROPOD (ARACHNID)EXAMPLE: DUST MITE
INSECTSTheir body consist of three sections
HeadThoraxAbdomen
Three pairs of legsHave antennae and eyes to sense its environment
CRUSTACEANS Are the most abundant animals in the
ocean Examples:
Crabs ShrimpLobster