Angela Brown g1eastcoastpartnership.pbworks.com. I Can… 1.Explain the early history of the Dutch...
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Angela Brown g1eastcoastpartnership.pbworks.com. I Can… 1.Explain the early history of the Dutch in New York. 2.Describe the founding of the other Middle
I Can 1.Explain the early history of the Dutch in New York.
2.Describe the founding of the other Middle Colonies. 3.Compare the
reasons for settlement of the Southern Colonies. Middle Colonies,
diversity, synagogue, proprietary colony, Quaker, haven, Southern
Colonies, Trustee Learning Targets : Vocabulary: FOCUS.
Slide 3
Settlers came from several different countries. They are in the
middle of the Atlantic coast of North America. They had a great
variety of people. These colonies included New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, and Delaware. THE MIDDLE COLONIES
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Slide 4
The first Europeans to settle in the area that is now NY were
the Dutch. They came from Holland, also called the Netherlands. In
1621 Dutch investors formed the Dutch West India Company to develop
trade in the Americas. The company started the colony, New
Netherland, in the Hudson and Delaware river valleys. A Thriving
Colony In 1625, the Dutch began building a trading station called
New Amsterdam at the mouth of the Hudson River. They built their
homes on the island of Manhattan. The director of the colony, Peter
Minuit, traded goods with the local NA for the right to use it.
They company also built Fort Orange upstream, not far from the site
of Albany, the modern capital of New York State. THE DUTCH IN NEW
YORK
Slide 5
The settlers soon built up a prosperous trade in furs and other
goods with Europe. The land was fruitful, the rivers navigable, and
Indians brought furs to trade. Farmers grew wheat and rye and more
shipping most of these products to other colonies. Many diverse
people carried on peaceful business at this port. Some 18 different
languages were spoken in its streets. Religious tolerance was a
firm rule. They even had the first synagogue, or house of Jewish
worship, on the NA continent. Peter Stuyvesant, the governor, was
often at odds with the colonies regarding their desire for self-
government. He refused to grant it. NEW YORK
Slide 6
In 1664 the English King, Charles II, declared the Dutch
colonies belonged to his brother, the Duke of York. The Duke of
York sent a fleet of four ships and several hundred soldiers to New
Amsterdam. The town had no fort or other defenses, and the Dutch
realized they could do nothing. Stuyvesant raged but in the end he
was forced to give up the town. New Amsterdam was renamed New York
and became an English colony. The rest of New Netherland
surrendered to the English. ENGLAND TAKES OVER paladium.net
Slide 7
New York was a proprietary colony a colony granted by a king or
queen to an individual or group who had full governing rights.
Proprietor means owner. It was owned by the Duke of York. He could
make laws and rule as he wished. The other Middle Colonies were
also proprietary. PROPRIETARY COLONIES ushistory.org
Slide 8
The Duke of Yorks charter included land in what is now Maine,
NY, NJ, and Delaware. He signed some over to two English noblemen.
It was divided into East Jersey and West Jersey. East Jersey was
closely linked to NY. West Jersey developed close ties to
Pennsylvania. In 1702, they became the single royal colony of New
Jersey. In 1638, settlers from Sweden started the first permanent
colony in what is now Delaware. They built Fort Christina on the
site of modern-day Wilmington. The Dutch under Peter Stuyesant
captured this trading village. The Duke of York captured it from
the Dutch. In 1682 he turned it over to the Englishman, William
Penn, who allowed it to become a separate colony in 1704. New
Jersey Delaware MIDDLE COLONIES
Slide 9
Delaware was not Penns only colony. He had received a huge land
grant from King Charles II of England in 1681. He called it
Pennsylvania, which means Penns woods. Like the Puritans, he saw
his colony as a Holy Experiment. Unlike the Puritans, he wanted his
colonists to practice religious tolerance. He made agreements with
NA for land use and then brought over the first settlers from
England. These settlers were Quakers, members of a Protestant group
that had suffered persecution in England. Quakers believed firmly
that all people should be treated as equals, not only in church but
in society and government. Pennsylvania became a haven, or safe
place, for people of every faith. PENNSYLVANIA
Slide 10
Quakers from other colonies, Wales, Germany and other countries
came to Pennsylvania. Non-Quakers were also invited. Protestant
groups such as the German Lutherans, Scotch-Irish, Presbyterians,
and Swiss Mennonites built large settlements. So many Germans
settled in the colony that they became known as the Pennsylvania
Dutch, after the German word Deutsch, which means German. QUAKERS
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Slide 11
Virginia was the first-settled of the Southern Colonies. The
others were Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. All of these
settlements began as proprietary colonies. Maryland Maryland
started as the idea of George Calvert, an English lord who had
become a Roman Catholic after growing up in the Anglican Church. He
saw Roman Catholics being persecuted in England, and wanted to
establish a safe place for them to live. He had also been a member
of the Virginia company, and was convinced a well-run colonies
could be profitable. In the early 1630s Calvert asked the king for
a charter to establish a colony in the Chesapeake Bay area. The
king approved his plan, but Calvert died before the charter could
be written up. Thus it was issued in the mane of his son, Lord
Baltimore. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
Slide 12
In 1634 the first settlers arrived. Though a haven for
Catholics, Puritans also moved into the colony and outnumbered the
Catholics. Lord Baltimore ordered the adoption of a law that would
protect Catholics from persecution called the Maryland Toleration
Act. It did not provided protection for non-Christians. Puritans in
Marylands assembly amended the law to state that non- Christians
would be put to death. MARYLAND enchantedlearning.com
Slide 13
Planters in the 1600s grew prosperous by growing tobacco. They
began to use enslaved Africans to work their fields like Virginia.
By 1704, 15,000 of the 90,000 in the two colonies were slaves. A
Virginia law passed in 1642 penalized people for sheltering runaway
slaves or indentured servants. A 1664 Maryland law specified that
all black people imported to the colony were to be given the status
of slaves. MARYLAND PLANTERS scientificamerican.com
Slide 14
King Charles II granted ownership to a group of English
noblemen in 1663 despite earlier claims. It was split into North
and South in 1691 when two different governors were appointed. In
1721, SC became a royal colony. NC became a royal colony in 1729
Both colonies thrived on trade with Native Americans and tobacco
profits. THE CAROLINAS costonscomplaint.blogspot.com
Slide 15
GEORGIA Georgia was set up like a proprietary colony in 1732,
but was managed by trustees. A trustee is someone entrusted to look
after a business. The trustees, led by James Oglethorpe, wanted to
create a haven for English people jailed for failure to pay their
debts. The also had the duty of protecting the Southern Colonies
against attack from Spanish raiders based in Florida. Georgia was
ruled strictly with no slavery, liquor or Catholics. All types of
Protestants were permitted. The settlers lived in peace with the NA
due to Oglethorpes negotiations. The colonists forced the trustees
to change the rules for liquor and slaves. In 1752 the trustees
gave their charter back to the King, and Georgia became a royal
colony.
Slide 16
1. Summarizing the main idea: List some of the reasons people
settled in the Middle and Southern Colonies of North America. 2.
Organizing Information: Create a chart showing the degree of
religious tolerance in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
Georgia. 3. Analyzing Time Lines: When and why was the Dutch colony
of New Amsterdam renamed New York? 4. Predicting Consequences:
Proprietors were able to make their own laws in the colonies. What
do you think might be the consequences of this fact? EXIT
SLIP: