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RISK FACTORS

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors

Age Genetic Endowment of Defective Genes

Lifestyle Malnutrition (Iron, Folic acid and Vitamin B12deficiency)

Diet Chronic Kidney, Autoimmune diseases, GastrointestinalDiseases

Familial History Blood Loss through Internal/ External haemorrhage

Race Enzyme deficiencies (Glucose-6-phospatedehydrogenase)

Bone Marrow Damage and In juryFaulty Blood Transfusions an d Drug Induced or Chemical

Vitamin B12 deficiency-Inadequate Intake-Mal absorption-Absence/ inadequateintrinsic factor production

Folic aciddeficiency-Inadequateintake-Mal absorption

Fluid overload-Excessive fluid/ N aintake

Blood Loss

-Internal/ External/Trauma-Surgery or Dxprocedures

Iron deficiency-Inadequate intake-Mal absorption-Increased Physiologicdemand during pregnancy

Genetic Defect reflectingabnormal haemoglobin

chain

Idiopathic;

autoimmunity

ANEMIA

Clinical manifestations:

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