Android by Rohi

8/11/2019 Android by Rohi

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-by-rohi 1/45

ANDROID



BY



Outline

Introduction

• What is Android?

•History

•Open Handset Alliance

•Android Features

Versions

What is kernel in Android

Android Architecture

Current Distribution

Future of Android



Open, free software platform for mobile devices with a complete software stack

• Operating system

• Middleware

• Key mobile applications

What is Android?

Made available as open source via the Apache v2 license

• Industry can add proprietary functionality to their products without giving

anything back to the platform

• Companies can remove functionality if they choose

Based on Linux operating system



History

August 2005

Google acquired Android Inc.

5 Nov 2007

Open HandSet Alliance formed-

12 Nov 2007

OHA released a preview of there first product ANDROID



Open Handset Allaince

Group of more that 30 technology and mobile companies developing Android

Open Handset Alliance

Goal

Making the vision a reality

Innovating in the openBuilding a better phone for consumers



Members of the Alliance Mobile Operators

Semiconductor Companies

Handset Manufacturers

Open Handset Alliance

Software Companies

Commercialization

Companies



Software Features Supported

Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine

SQLite for relational data storage

Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats(MPEG4, H.264,

MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for mobile devices

Android Features



Hardware Features Supported

Cellular networking : GSM, EDGE, 3G (hardware dependent)

LAN : Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (hardware dependent)

Graphics Hardware Acceleration

Camera, GPS and Compass(hardwaredependent)

Touch screen and accelerometer for motion sensing

Android Features



Versions

Android 1.0

Features

-The first Android device which runs on Android 1.0 is HTC

Dream (G1).

-Multitasking, instant messaging, GPS, Wi-Fi and

bluetooth.-Camera Support .

-Notification alert in thestatusbar.

Updates

Android 1.1

-show/hide dial pad.

- Ability to save attachments in

messages.



Versions

• Android 1.5 Cupcake)

Features

– support for soft (on‐screen)

keyboards– video recording

-Advanced photo gallery

- Universal search box



• Android 1.6 Donut)

Features

- a number of minor changes

-high‐

and low ‐

density displays- Voice Search

-Direct upload to YouTube and Picasa

-Battery usage indicator

- Stereo Bluetooth

Versions



• Android 2.0 Eclair)

Features

– multi‐touch

- Multiple accounts for email and contact

synchronization

-Improved Google Maps 3.1.2

– HTML5, and more

Updates

• Android 2.1.1 Eclair Maintenance Release

1)

– live wallpapers

– more HTML5 support

– other minor improvements

Versions

• Android

2.1.2

Eclair

Maintenance Release 2)

- minor improvement

- Home screen enhancements

-live wallpapers and widgets

Android 2.1.3 Eclair Maintenance

Release 3)

-This update consisted of two security patches



Versions

Android 2.3 Gingerbread)

Features

- Native support for more sensors

- New keyboard for faster text input

- One-touch word selection and copy/paste- Improved power management

- New Download Manager, Internet Calling

Updates

Android 2.3.3

- Included several improvements

Android 2.3.4

- Support for voice/video chat using Google Talk

Android 2.3.5 - Camera software enhancements

- Improved battery efficiency

Android 2.3.6

- Fixed a voice search bug

Android 2.3.7

- Introduced Google Wallet support.



Versions

Android 3.0 Honeycomb)

Features

-Bluetooth tethering

-Specifically optimized for tablets and devices with

larger screen sizes..

-Refined multitasking, rich notifications, home

screen customization, widgets, Redesigned keyboard

Updates

Android 3.1

- Connectivity for USB accessories

- Expanded Recent Apps list

- High-performance Wi-Fi lock,

Android 3.2

- Improved hardware support- Increased ability of apps to access files on the

SD card

- Compatibility display mode for apps

Android 3.2.1

- Stability and Wi-Fi improvements

- Improved Adobe Flash support

Android 3.2.2

- Included bug fixes and minor improvements



Versions

Android 4.0 Ice-cream sandwich)

Features

-Increase in speed and performance

-New gallery layout

-Face Unlock : New feature that allows users tounlock handsets using facial identification software

-Pinch-to-zoom functionality

Updates

Android 4.0.2

- Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus

Android 4.0.3

- Bug fixes and optimizations

- Bluetooth functionality



Versions

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean)

- A smarter keyboard

- Android Beam

- Widgets work like magic.

- Fast & smooth

- Calendar is more buttery

- Offline voice typing

AND MANY MORE…



• A kernel is something which acts as a communication link between the device’s

software and hardware.

• Android devices uses a Linux based kernel

•It is the kernel which controls the passage of instructions between software and

hardware.

•Kernel provides support at areas like process management, memory management and

file management

What is a Kernel in Android?



INTRODUCTION

TO PLATFORM:

ANDROID



Architecture Of Android



• Linux Kernel 2.6

• Abstraction layer between the hardware and software stack

• Why Linux?

– Proven driver model and has existing drivers

– Has memory management, security management, networking, core operating

system infrastructure, etc.

– Robust and already has been proven over time

21

Linux Kernel

ndroid rchitecture



22

• Written in C and C++

• The core power of the Android platform

Libraries

ndroid rchitecture



23 23

Responsible for composing different drawing surfaces(ex: diff. windows/applications/process all drawing at the

same time) to the screen

Make up the core of the graphics library.

-OpenGL (3D graphics engine)

-SGL (2D graphics engine)

Can combine 3D and 2D graphics in the same application

Libraries

ndroid rchitecture



24

Provided by PacketVideo OpenCoreSupport for: MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG

Bitmap and Vector font rendering

Libraries

ndroid rchitecture

Secure Sockets Layer Protocol for transmitting private documents



25 25

A powerful lightweight relational database engine

An open source browser engine.Used as the core of the browser which is

the same browser powering Safari.

Libraries

ndroid rchitecture



26

Android Runtime

ndroid rchitecture

•

Main Component: Dalvik Virtual Machine – Optimized for running in an embedded environment (limited memory,

CPU,battery)

– Runs .dex files (bytecodes)

26

.class

.jar files

Optimized!

More efficient!



27

•

Core Library – Contains all the collection classes, utilities, IO, etc.

27

Android Runtime

ndroid rchitecture



28

• Toolkit that all applications (core, by Google, you:)...)

28

* XMPP: Extensible Messaging and PresenceProtocol

An open XML technology for real-time

communication(instant messaging, shared

editing, etc)

All written using the

Java Programming

Language

Application Framework

ndroid rchitecture



29 29

Manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack

Keeps track what applications are installed in device

Manages Windows

Contains APIs used to build the phone application


ndroid rchitecture



30 30

Used to store localized strings bitmaps layout file descriptions etc.

Contains all building blocks of the UI

Provides support for location-based services*

* Support depends on the underlying device

Allows applications to share data with other applications (ex: contact info is available to others


ndroid rchitecture



31

31

Handles notification of users about events that happen

Examples of notification forms: persistent icon in the status bar,

vibrating, playing sound, etc.)

Allows applications to communicate between devices through

GtalkService

.GtalkService

maintains a persistent socket

connection, therefore the response time is faster than SMS.


ndroid rchitecture



32

• Core Applications

– Email client – SMS program

– Calendar

– Maps

– Browser

– Contacts

– etc

All applications are

written using the

Java Programming

Language

Applications

ndroid rchitecture



33

The following pie chart and table is based on the

number of Android devices that have accessed

Google Play within a 14-day period ending on the

data collection date noted below.

Current Distribution

ndroid

Data co llected duri ng a 14-day perio d endin g on Oc tober 1, 2012

Version Codename Distribution

1.5 Cupcake 0.1%

1.6 Donut 0.4%

2.1 Eclair 3.4%

2.2 Froyo 12.9%

2.3 - 2.3.2

Gingerbread

0.3%

2.3.3 - 2.3.7 55.5%

3.1

Honeycomb

0.4%

3.2 1.5%

4.0.3 - 4.0.4 Ice Cream

Sandwich 23.7%

4.1 Jelly Bean 1.8%

http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-1.5.html





http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.3.html


























Future of Android

ndroid

It is not fixed that which vesion is Key

lime pie of Android.

Android 4.2 or it will be Android 5.0

It is being used in my applainces and

there are many patient concepts powerd by

Android.

Lets wait and see…..

Key Lime Pie



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Future of Android

ndroid



Reference

ndroid

https://www.google.co.in

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.cultofandroid.com

http://extratorrent.com

http://www.android.com



Conclusion

ndroid

Android is open to all: industry, developers and users.

Participating in many of the successful open source projects.

Aims to be aseasy

to build for as theweb

.

Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet.



Question and Answers

ndroid

Any questions?

www.google.com

\(^_^)/\õ/But you are excused

http://www.google.com/

http://www.google.com/

Documents

Android by Rohi