Andrew Jackson and the Presidency

8/12/2019 Andrew Jackson and the Presidency

1/23


2/23

Early Life

Born in a log cabin on the frontierParents were Irish immigrantsThey died by the time he was 15


3/23

Personal LifeStudied law at North CarolinaPracticed in Tennessee

FarmerGovernor of the territory of Florida; USSenator

Made money in real estate Bought and sold in Georgia and Alabama

Favorite food: Pancakes


4/23

MarriageMarried Rachel RobardsControversy surrounding their marriage

Rachel was recently divorced or at least shethought Her husband told her they were divorced when

they were not

Remarried after divorce complete Rachel died before his inauguration Jackson loved her fiercely; mourned deeply


5/23

Military Life

Joined American Revolution at age 13Creek War victory Indian battle during War of 1812

War of 1812 Victory at the Battle of New Orleans

1818 Seminole victories helped regain Florida


6/23

NicknamesOld Hickory given to him by soldiers he commanded meant he was as tough as wood on a hickory

King Jackson given to him by political opponents they thought he was trying to take over the country

Sharp Knife Given to him by Native Americans He was ruthless in dealing with them


7/23


8/23


9/23

Jackson is elected President in 1828

He defeated John Quincy Adams by with over 55% ofthe vote.Major Support: West, South, Immigrants, & Small Bus.Owners.


10/23

Jackson opposedmembers of Congress

that he said looked outonly for specialinterests.He opposed Marshall,too powerful.He was in favor ofstates rights and will of

people democracy.He named advisors fromall over the country,kitchen cabinet.

He favored

laissez-faire

policies.

He wanted to move thecountry back toward the

simplicity

of Jefferson.


11/23

Jacksonian Democracy

During the colonial andfederal period, the powerrested in a few, Jacksontried to change that.The Kitchen Cabinet: He paid little attention to

cabinet politicians. Only there for themselves He relied on friends

around the country whowere closer to the people.

Supported Rotation inOffice: Democracy would be

better if people served

only for a short period oftime.

In reality he changed lessthen 10% of the federal

employees. HYPE!
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=users.techline.com/~kenya/jackdemblack.jpg&imgrefurl=http://users.techline.com/~kenya/&h=165&w=400&prev=/images?q=Jacksonian+Democracy&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N


12/23

Spoil System

After election, he fired manygovernment employees Hired many of his supporters

The duties of all public officesare so plain and simple A supporter said, To the victor

goes the spoils

Also known as a PatronageSystem. Will be in place in American

politics for more than 50 years.


13/23

He pushed to extendedvoting rights to more

white people . He advocated throwingout the propertyrequirements within thestates.

Jackson supported anamendment for popularelection of Senators.

Pushed to have presidential electorschosen by popular voterather then by statelegislatures.All was not so rosy aswe will see later on.
http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/jackson/5pts/index.htmlhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=cvip.fresno.com/~jsh33/jackson.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cvip.fresno.com/~jsh33/Jack.html&h=128&w=175&prev=/images?q=Jacksonian+Democracy&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N


14/23

Some of Jackson

s Policies

Jackson tried to fillWestern Lands byselling it cheaply.Alienated Big Business

because was losing workforce.Refused to allow anti-slavery literature to be

sent through the mail.

He ignored theSupreme Court andforced the CherokeeTribes to be moved tothe west of theMississippi River.Jackson owned slaves

and advocated for theextension of it.


15/23

Veto of Maysville Road

Henry Clay supported the billRemember the electionof 1824. What happened?Clay pushed for theconstruction of MaysvilleRoad in Kentucky.

Clay

Pet Project

Jackson: Why build aroad to only help out afew states?

This move ended any

cordialness

betweenPresident and VP.

Alienated many ofJackson

s WesternSupporters.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/clay.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newgenevacenter.org/movers/19th-cen2.htm&h=218&w=166&prev=/images?q=Henry+Clay&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.uschs.org/CapitolandCongress/FeatureArticles/clay.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uschs.org/CapitolandCongress/FeatureArticles/housespeakers.htm&h=192&w=150&prev=/images?q=Henry+Clay&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8


16/23

The Nullification CrisisJackson wanted to the eliminate the federal debt.Jackson

s View: Tariff for short term to pay off debt, but it would be

repealed after the debt is paid off.

Debate: Use of Tariffs to pay off the debt? North supported the Tariffs protected merchants. South opposed the Tariffs higher prices on

equipment and loss of profits.


17/23

Southerners, mainlySouth Carolina, argued

the nation could notforce a tariff on statesthat did not want it.If the gov. could place

tariffs on states, whatcould an anti-slavery president do?VP Calhoun publishes a

document that statesnullification is allowedunder the Constitution.

NULLIFICATION: States had the power overthe constitutionality oflaws, not Supreme Court.If one state said a law is

unconstitutional, thenCongress must repeal thelaw. The federalgovernment would need toamend the Constitution.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.upcountry-sc.org/images/pics/map-us.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.upcountry-sc.org/maps-us.htm&h=549&w=426&prev=/images?q=South+Carolina+Map&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8


18/23


19/23

President Jackson sendswarships to Charleston Harbor

and threatens to hang Calhounfor treason.SC calls a state convention anddeclares the Tariff of 1832

invalid and refuses to collect it.Congress introduces a

force bill

to force SC to pay withforce.

Henry Clay offers compromise:Tariffs would be reduced over a

period of nine years.
http://www.msys.net/cress/ballots2/kjack.jpg


20/23

The National Bank Veto

Jackson opposed the National Bank. Heargued that it put way tomuch power into the

hands of a few people.The First National Bank,was up for renewal, in1836.

Henry Clay and NicholasBiddle (Pres. of bank)worked to get the bankrenewed, a few years

early as they knew itwould be a campaignissue.Jackson vetos the bill.

Clay believes Jackson isirresponsibleJackson won re-electionand stopped funding the

bank.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/jackson-andrew.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newgenevacenter.org/movers/19th-cen2.htm&h=218&w=173&prev=/images?q=Andrew+Jackson&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


21/23


22/23

Jackson Fun FactsJackson was in a number of gun duels. In one duel he wasshot in the chest first, but managed to stay standing andshoot and kill his opponent. The bullet could not be safely

removed and remained in his chest for the next 40 yearsJackson is the only president to have been a prisoner of war.An assassin once tried to shoot Jackson with two pistols.Lucky for Jackson both pistols misfired. The assassin was

captured and Jackson was fine.Andrew Jackson on things he had left undone: I didn't shoot Henry Clay and I didn't hang John Calhoun.


23/23

Jackson QuotesOne man with courage makes a majority.

I have always been afraid of banks. Heaven will be no heaven to me if I do not meet my wife

there. It is a damn poor mind indeed which can t think of atleast two ways to spell any word.

As long as our government is administered for the goodof the people, and is regulated by their will; as long as it secures to us the rights of persons and of property,liberty of conscience and of the press, it will be worth

defending

Documents

Andrew Jackson and the Presidency