Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Archaic Rome The Origins of Rome In Latium Tiber River Foundation myth: Romulus and Remus
Citation preview
Ancient RomeAncient Rome
RomeRomeSimilarities to other ancient Similarities to other ancient
civilizations?civilizations?What made it unique?What made it unique?Pros and cons of republic vs. empire?Pros and cons of republic vs. empire?Where do we see traces of it in Where do we see traces of it in
modern West?modern West?
Archaic Rome
The Origins of Rome In Latium Tiber River Foundation myth:
Romulus and Remus
Archaic Rome
She-wolf (ca. 500 BC), Capitoline Museum, Rome
Archaic Rome
The Kings (ca. 625-509 BC) Original rulers of Rome (supposedly 7) Wielded imperium Advised by Senate
Archaic Rome The Roman Family
PATERFAMILIAS Oldest living male Nearly unlimited
authority Women
Subject to male authority Named after father’s
clan Children
Lots needed! Legitimized by
paterfamiliasPatrician Carrying Two
Portrait Heads (1st cent. AD)
Archaic Rome and Culture
Questions?
The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (ca. 500-27 BC) Established after overthrow of kings REPUBLIC (res publica)
Goal: limit arbitrary authority of one person Government authority to be shared equally among Roman
aristocrats
The Roman Republic Republican
Government CONSULS
Executive authority Term: 1 year
The Senate Supervised foreign affairs,
treasury Lifelong terms
DICTATOR Appointed during
emergencies Wielded supreme executive
authority Term: 6 months
The Senate
The Roman Republic
Roman Expansion Formidable army (“iron
legions”) By 133 BC Italy and
Greek East conquered Built roads Established colonies
The Roman Republic
Greek Impact on Roman Culture Expansion exposure to Greek civilization Many Romans fascinated by Greece
Enamored with Greek culture Greek tutors! Plundered Greek art
Greek and Italian synthesis Greco-Roman culture
The Roman Republic
Cicero (106-43 BC) Exemplar of cultured
Greco-Roman man Lawyer, politician Studied oratory,
philosophy in Greek East Latin conduit of Greek
thought Famous for his orations
The Roman Republic
The Punic Wars (264-146 BC) Mediterranean powers:
Rome, Carthage Carthaginian Empire was
great naval power Roman and Carthaginian
animosity three wars End result: destruction of
Carthage
The Roman Republic
First Punic War (264-241 BC) Over Sicily Rome built a fleet Rome was ultimate victor,
due to trouble in Carthaginian government
Outcome Carthage no longer
maritime superpower Rome gained Sicily, more
later
The Roman Republic
Corvus
The Roman Republic Second Punic War
(218-201 BC) Carthage recovered,
expanded empire in Spain war!
HANNIBAL invaded Italy (218 BC) via Alps, advanced to south
Rome conquered Spain (206 BC), won in Africa (202 BC)
Outcome: Carthage lost empire outside Africa
The Roman Republic
Questions?
The Roman Republic Crisis in the Republic
Power struggles, disregard for republican ideals
100+ years of warfare Slave War in Italy
(73-71 BC) 70,000 + slaves revolted,
led by SPARTACUS Defeated 4 legions Ultimately crushed 6,000
slaves crucified
The Roman Republic
Julius Caesar(100-44 BC) Roman general, politician Extremely ambitious! Growing power threat to
Senate, politicians Caesar invaded Italy (50
BC), gained control Hunted enemies down in
Greece, Africa
The Roman Republic
The Fall of Caesar Returned to Rome in triumph more power! Senate granted Caesar title “dictator for life” (Feb., 44 BC) Assassinated by 60 senators (March 15, 44 BC)
The Roman Republic The Collapse of the Republic
Civil War: Caesarians vs. “Liberators” Leading Caesarians: Mark Antony and Octavian Defeated “Liberators” at Philippi (42 BC)
Civil War: Antony vs. Octavian Octavian controlled Latin West; Antony, Greek East Turned on each other, suspicious of each other
The Roman Republic
Cleopatra VII (r. 51-30 BC) Hellenistic queen of Egypt Wore “two faces”
Hellenistic monarch to Greeks and Romans
Divine, pharaonic queen to Egyptians
Encounters with Romans Met Julius Caesar lovers She and Antony lovers,
allies
The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic
Civil War: Antony and Cleopatra vs. Octavian Octavian victorious at
Battle of Actium, Greece (September, 31 BC)
Antony, Cleopatra committed suicide
Octavian now master of Roman world
Battle of Actium
The Roman Republic
Questions?
The Roman Empire
Augustus Caesar(r. 29 BC – AD 14) Called “Augustus” Task: tactfully rebuild Rome First Roman emperor Ruled as constitutional
monarch
Rome Augustan Reforms
Centralized administration Efficient government for
provinces Crusade against immorality
Encouraged marriage childbearing
Discouraged promiscuity, adultery
Religion Restored neglected cults,
priesthoods Repaired temples
The Roman Empire
Remains of Temple of Julius Caesar, Roman Forum
The Roman Empire The Pax Romana and Culture
PAX ROMANA: period of internal peace, stability, culture, prosperity
“Golden Age” of Latin Literature Augustus was a patron of the arts Virgil’s AENEID Ovid’s Art of Love banishment!
The Roman Empire
Pont du Gard (1st cent. AD), Nîmes, France
The Roman Empire
Garden Room, Villa Livia (Late 1st cent. BC)
The Roman Empire
Augustus Caesar “I found Rome a city of
brick and left it a city of marble!”
No heirs Rule stepson Tiberius
The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire
Colosseum (AD 80) Largest amphitheater in
Roman world 50,000+ spectators Beneath: waiting rooms,
cages for beasts, equipment
Mock naval battles! Main entertainment:
gladiators
The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire
1989-1996
The Roman Empire
The Second Century Roman Empire at its zenith Constant frontier warfare “Good emperors”
The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire
Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180) “Enlightened” Devoted to Stoic
philosophy, wrote about it in Meditations
Peaceful, but had to continue military conflicts
The Roman Empire
Capture of Valerian (r. 253-260) by Persians
Third-Century Anarchy (235-285) Assassinations, civil
wars many emperors
Continued frontier war empire stretched too thin
Other disasters
The Roman Empire
Diocletian (r. 284-305) Ended crisis Reforms: tetrarchy,
increased size of military
Emperor now absolute monarch, lord
Reforms 200 more years for Roman Empire
The Roman Empire
Questions?
RomeRomeSimilarities to other ancient Similarities to other ancient
civilizations?civilizations?What made it unique?What made it unique?Pros and cons of republic vs. empire?Pros and cons of republic vs. empire?Where do we see traces of it in Where do we see traces of it in
modern West?modern West?
