ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ““THE LAND BETWEEN TWO THE LAND BETWEEN TWO

RIVERS” Chapter 1 Sections 2 & 3RIVERS” Chapter 1 Sections 2 & 3

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

CITY STATES- self-governing unit CITY STATES- self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland.villages and farmland.

ANCIENTANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA-MESOPOTAMIA-GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERSEUPHRATES RIVERS

BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE PERSIAN GULFPERSIAN GULF

LOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQLOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQ

Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

POSITIVE POSITIVE

abundant amount abundant amount of clayof clay

easy till-able soileasy till-able soil

water supply from water supply from Tigris-Euphrates Tigris-Euphrates RiversRivers

NEGATIVENEGATIVE

few natural few natural resourcesresources

minimal protection minimal protection from deserts and from deserts and mountainsmountains

City-StatesCity-States

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CIVILIZATIONSUMERIAN CIVILIZATION

BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED CA. 3000 BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED CA. 3000 B.C.B.C.

DIVIDED INTO CITY-STATESDIVIDED INTO CITY-STATES

HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST FORM OF ORGANIZED RELIGIONFORM OF ORGANIZED RELIGION

CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST FORM OF WRITINGFORM OF WRITING

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CITY-STATESSUMERIAN CITY-STATES

ALWAYS IN CONSTANT ALWAYS IN CONSTANT CONFLICT OVER WATER CONFLICT OVER WATER RIGHTS AND LANDRIGHTS AND LANDCREATED WALLS FOR CREATED WALLS FOR PROTECTION, WITH PROTECTION, WITH MOATS ALONG THE MOATS ALONG THE OUTSIDEOUTSIDEFARMS WERE LOCATED FARMS WERE LOCATED ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF THE CITYTHE CITY

Sumerians invented:Sumerians invented:WheelWheel

Time – 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in Time – 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minutea minute

12 month lunar calendar12 month lunar calendar

archarch

rampramp

ReligionReligion

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN RELIGIONSUMERIAN RELIGION

Ziggurats: pyramid site Ziggurats: pyramid site of the temple of the of the temple of the main gods.main gods.– Each city-state had their Each city-state had their

own gods and goddessesown gods and goddesses– Sun god – most Sun god – most

important.important.

Life after death was an Life after death was an extension of life.extension of life.

Ziggurat – Holy MountainZiggurat – Holy Mountain

ZigguratZiggurat

Large pyramid shaped structuresLarge pyramid shaped structures

Connected to heaven and earthConnected to heaven and earth

Ziggurat: “center for learning and Ziggurat: “center for learning and religion”religion”

How to Build a ZigguratHow to Build a Ziggurat

How to Build a Ziggurat

Sumerian ReligionSumerian Religion

Monotheism: Monotheism: worshiping one god.worshiping one god.– ““Mono” – means oneMono” – means one

Polytheism: worshiping Polytheism: worshiping many gods.many gods.– ““Poly” – means manyPoly” – means many

Writing:Writing:CuneiformCuneiform

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN WRITINGSUMERIAN WRITING

CALLED CUNEIFORM CALLED CUNEIFORM (LATIN FOR WEDGE)(LATIN FOR WEDGE)

WRITTEN ON CLAY WRITTEN ON CLAY TABLETSTABLETS

NEEDED FOR RELIGION, NEEDED FOR RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, AND GOVERNMENT, AND TRADETRADE

LEARNED IN SCHOOL, BY LEARNED IN SCHOOL, BY MALES THAT LASTED MALES THAT LASTED FROM SUNRISE TO FROM SUNRISE TO SUNSETSUNSET

Sumerian Writing: cuneiform Sumerian Writing: cuneiform

Cuneiform is created by pressing a pointed stylus into a clay tablet.

CuneiformCuneiform

EconomyEconomy

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMYSUMERIAN ECONOMY

Make, sell or barter goods.Make, sell or barter goods.

Trade helped expansion.Trade helped expansion.

Development of moneyDevelopment of money– Will evolve over time. Will evolve over time.

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMYSUMERIAN ECONOMY

RICHRICH

government government officialsofficials

religious leadersreligious leaders

traderstraders

POORPOOR

FarmersFarmers

craftsmancraftsman

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN PASTIMESSUMERIAN PASTIMES

EntertainmentEntertainment– No longer had to hunt and No longer had to hunt and

gather.gather.– More time for fun times.More time for fun times.

Rich had more time than Rich had more time than poor.poor.

Activities:Activities:– BOARD GAMES BOARD GAMES – INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS– BARE FISTED BOXINGBARE FISTED BOXING

Activities geared toward Activities geared toward young and used for young and used for socializing.socializing.

The invention of Agriculture The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.changed the way people lived.

Agriculture (Farming)Agriculture (Farming)

Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities

Division of Labor Division of Labor (Specialization)(Specialization)

TradeTrade

Writing and MathematicsWriting and Mathematics

Mesopotamian Civilization

Sumeria

Akkadians Babylonians

Lydians

Hittites

Chaldeans

Assyrians

Persians

Phoenicians

HittitesHittitesIron WeaponsIron Weapons

Add to your map Add to your map the location:the location:– HittitesHittites– AssyriansAssyrians– AkkadiansAkkadians

AssyriansAssyriansChief god AssurChief god Assur

Chariots usedChariots used

First CavalryFirst Cavalry

AkkadiansAkkadiansSpoke a Semitic Language related to modern Spoke a Semitic Language related to modern Hebrew and ArabicHebrew and Arabic

When heaven above was not yet named, nor earth below pronounced by name, Apsu, the first one, their begetter and maker Tiamat, who bore them all, had mixed their waters together, but had not formed pastures, nor discovered reed-beds. When yet no gods were manifest, nor names pronounced, nor destinies decreed, then gods were born within them.

BabyloniansBabyloniansChief god: MardukChief god: Marduk– Prayed for good Prayed for good

harvest and success harvest and success in business.in business.

King HammurabiKing Hammurabi

Hammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code– Earliest code of lawEarliest code of law– Based on equal Based on equal

retaliation.retaliation.

Hammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code282 laws.282 laws.Harsh punishment for crimes.Harsh punishment for crimes.Based on equal retaliation.Based on equal retaliation.– “ “ If a man bring an accusation against a man If a man bring an accusation against a man

and charge him with a capital crime, but and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”death”

– ““If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”freed man, his ear shall be cut off”

Laws were varied for the wealthy and Laws were varied for the wealthy and powerful.powerful.

What do you think?What do you think?

– “ “ If a man bring an accusation against a man If a man bring an accusation against a man and charge him with a capital crime, but and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”death”

– ““If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”freed man, his ear shall be cut off”

– If a man strike a free-born woman so that she If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. for her loss.

““If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death. If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death.

ChaldeansChaldeansSkilled Skilled astronomersastronomersHanging Gardens Hanging Gardens of Babylonof BabylonKing King Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar built them for his built them for his wifewife– One of the One of the

Ancient Wonders Ancient Wonders of the Worldof the World

http://www.crystalinks.com/seven.html

PersiansPersians

Present day IranPresent day Iran

Spoke an Indo-European LanguageSpoke an Indo-European Language

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism– Belief in final judgment and training for Belief in final judgment and training for

itit

PhoeniciansPhoeniciansMajor natural Major natural resource: resource: lumber from lumber from cedar forests.cedar forests.Invented the art Invented the art of glassblowing.of glassblowing.AlphabetAlphabet– Then adopted by Then adopted by

Greeks.Greeks.– Then adopted by Then adopted by

RomansRomans

Please label Please label Phoenicia on Phoenicia on your map.your map.

LydiansLydians

First to use a money economy.First to use a money economy.– An economic system based in the use of An economic system based in the use of

money as a measure of value and a unit money as a measure of value and a unit of account.of account.