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Ancient Egypt
EGYPT GEOGRAPHY❖ Nile Valley, known as “Black Land”
❖ fertile valley of the river
❖ Sahara, known as “Red Land”
❖ desert valley
❖ Egypt does not get a lot of rain
❖ Natural borders that protect Egypt from invaders
❖ E. & W. parts of Egypt are parts of the Sahara desert
❖ South is a mountainous region
❖ North is the Mediterranean Sea
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
Blue Q. pg. 189 ❖ Explain how water, mud, plants, and animals were all
“gifts of the Nile” to the Egyptians.
❖ Water= agriculture & transportation
❖ Mud=farms were fertile and useful
❖ Plants= papyrus was used to make baskets, sandals, and paper
❖ Animals= fish, geese, ducks were used for food & domestication
Lesson 1:The Gift of the Nile Thinking Focus Question Review pg. 186
❖ What did the ancient Egyptians accomplish because of the “gifts of the Nile”?
❖ Strong agricultural economy (due to farming + trade)
❖ Made paper using the papyrus plant
❖ Boats used the Nile R. as a highway to the north and south
THE EGYPTIAN RELIGION
• Afterlife was very important to Ancient Egyptians
• Steps for death and burial preparations
• Pyramid building
• Body preparation
• Why is this important?
BODY PREPARATION• Embalming
• Changes the body into a mummy
• Makes sure the body does not decay
• Mummy
• Placed in a tomb
• Objects also buried with for use in the afterlife
• Ex. jewelry, gold, food, drink, animals, even servants
• Tomb paintings show daily life of the person
TOMB PAINTINGS
• Found in tombs of wealthy families
• would describe life of the person while they were living
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD • Hymns, prayers, and magic spells
• Soul goes through a trial in front of gods
• Tells what it did and did not do
• Heart is weighed against feather of truth
• Heart= intelligence and memory
• If soul is too heavy with sin= 2nd death
• Soul balanced or less = afterlife
THE EGYPTIAN GODS • Polytheism
• Osiris= Chief god of the underworld, or home of the dead
• Anubis=his helper, he prepares the bodies of the dead for the afterlife
• Body of human and head of jackal
• Ra (Amun-Ra)= Sun god, created & ruled the world
• Each city had a god
• Egyptians built shrines at home dedicated to their favorite god
WRITING SYSTEM • Hieroglyphics-earliest Egyptian writing
• used pictures to stand for sounds, ideas, objects
• Difficult to understand
• In 1799, a stone in the city of Rosetta was found (Rosetta Stone)
• Writing in 3 languages
• Greek
• Egyptian Hieroglyphs
• Egyptian cursive
• Jean Champollion figured out to read it comparing it to Greek
• Ancient Egyptian dictionary