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WHERE WaS aNCIENT CHINA located?○ Located in Asia○ The Chinese River Valley civilization was
built along the Huang He (Yellow) & Yangtze River.
WAS cHINA Geographically ISOLATED?:➢ *Ancient China was isolated from the rest of
the world by natural barriers.
● *China was naturally protected on all sides ● except the north.
BODIES OF WATER
SALT WATER:*The China Sea and the Yellow Sea border China on the East.
*These bodies of water provided natural resources and trade routes.
*Both seas are located in the Pacific Ocean.
FRESH WATER: *The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are both located in the Eastern China.
*The rivers provided drinking water, fertile land, and transportation routes.
MOUNTAINS & DESERTS
Mountain Range:○ China is separated from India by the
Himalaya Mountains to the South and Southwest.
MOUNTAINS & DESERTS
DESERTS: ○ The Gobi and Taklamakan Desert are
located in Western China.
MOUNTAINS & DESERTS
positive: provided protection from outside invasion.
negative: limited expansion to other land & isolated China from other cultures.
TERRACE FARMING
The chinese cut terraces (steps) into hillsides to create more
flat land for farming.
Wheat was the main crop grown in the north.
Rice was the main crop grown in the south.
LEADERSHIP
● china was ruled by different dynasties.
● A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family over time.
○ When a new family took control a new dynasty began.
Mandate of Heaven● THE CHINESE BELIEVED IN
THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN.
● THE IDEA THAT THE GODS GAVE THEIR BLESSING TO THE RULER.
○ The ruler must be good and fair in order to keep the Mandate of Heaven.
○ When the ruler lost power, they lost the mandate of heaven.
3 Philosophies of China
● CONFUCIANISM
● LEGALISM
● TAOISM
CONFUCIANISM❖ CREATED BY CONFUCIUS ❖ IMPORTANT IDEAS WERE
PEACE AND ORDER.➢ EVERYONE HAD A ROLE IN
SOCIETY TO CREATE ORDER
CONFUCIANISM❖ CONFUCIUS CREATED AN OUTLINE OF
HOW TO TREAT OTHERS.➢ Confucian Virtues
■ Ren -- Be polite■ Li -- Have good manners■ Shu -- Think of others■ Wen -- Be cultured
DAOISM/TAOISM
❖ CREATED BY LAOZI
❖ TAUGHT THAT A FORCE KNOWN AS THE DAO REPRESENTED ALL LIVING THINGS.
DAOISM/TAOISM
❖ TRUE HARMONY COMES FROM BALANCING OPPOSITE FORCES OF NATURE CALLED YIN AND YANG.
DAOISM/TAOISM❖ NATURE IS THE BEST EXAMPLE OF HOW TO LIVE.
❖ PEOPLE SHOULD AVOID CONFLICTS AND REJECT WORLDLY DESIRES.
➢ CONFUCIANISM TAUGHT HOW TO BEHAVE TOWARDS ONE ANOTHER.
➢ DAOISM TAUGHT HOW TO BEHAVE TOWARDS THE NATURAL WORLD.
LEGALISM
❖ CREATED BY HAN FEIZI❖ LEGALIST BELIEVED THAT SOCIETY
FUNCTIONED BEST THROUGH STRONG GOVERNMENT CONTROL
LEGALISM❖ LAWS WERE CREATED WITH PUNISHMENTS &
REWARDS FOR BEHAVIORS.
➢ EMPEROR QIN SHI HUANGDI WORKED WITH LEGALIST TO BAN BOOKS ABOUT THE HISTORY OF CHINA’S PAST RULERS. BOOKS ABOUT CONFUCIUS WERE DESTROYED.
➢ SCHOLARS WERE PUT TO DEATH FOR EXPRESSING BELIEFS OTHER THAN LEGALISM.
1ST DYNASTY: SHANG
➔ Ruled the area along the Yellow River. The first civilization of Ancient China.
➔ ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE SHANG:◆ Writing began◆ Used oracle bones to predict the future◆ Developed bronze◆ Glazed pottery◆ Silk
2ND DYNASTY: ZHOU
➔ The longest ruling dynasty in Chinese history.
➔ First dynasty to use the Mandate of Heaven
2ND DYNASTY: ZHOU
➔ USED THE FEUDAL SYSTEM◆ DIVIDED THE LAND INTO
SMALL STATES TO MAKE IT EASIER RULE.
◆ GIVING POWER TO THE NOBLES.
2ND DYNASTY: ZHOU
➔ Accomplishments of the Zhou◆ Ox-drawn plough
◆ Developed iron
◆ Roads and canals
◆ Irrigation projects
◆ Math concepts (fractions & geometry)
◆ acupuncture
WARRING STATES
➔ When the Zhou dynasty fell, China entered the warring states.
➔ For 250 years, eight states battled for control.
➔ The wars ended when the Qin state conquered them all.
3RD dYNASTY: QIN
Qin Shi Huangdi led the Qin Dynasty ending the civil war.
Ended the feudal system & took all the power from the nobles.
Ruled using Legalism → strict government control
3RD dYNASTY: QIN
The dynasty didn’t last long, but there were many accomplishments:
◆ The Great Wall◆ Standardard system of money◆ Standard system of weights and measurements◆ Roads and canals ◆ Standard form of writing & language◆ Terracotta Army
4th DYNASTY: HAN
➔ CREATED THE SILK ROAD TO TRADE GOODS FROM CHINA TO ROME [EUROPE]
➔ CREATED A CIVIL SERVICE EXAM (TEST THAT ASSIGNED GOVERNMENT JOBS)
➔ RULED USING CONFUCIANISM → RESPECT OTHERS & FULFILL YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES.
4th DYNASTY: HAN
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF HAN DYNASTY◆ Paper ◆ Porcelain ◆ Poetry ◆ Literature◆ Magnetic Compass◆ Seismograph◆ Silk
