8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

1/31

Anatomy and

Physiology I

Tissue Types

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

2/31

Key Terms

Histology:

the study of tissues.

Tissues:

groups of cells which are similar in

structure and which perform common orrelated functions.

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

3/31

Four Basic Kinds of Tissues

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

4/31

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Tissue Locations: Covers the body

Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vesselsinside the body

Covers the organs inside body cavities

Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury,

Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli,

Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and

Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

5/31

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue:

Most abundant & widely distributed tissue

Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures,

Tendons, ligaments, etc.

Protects & cushions organs and tissues,

Insulates (fat) and

Transports substances (blood).

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

6/31

Muscle Tissue

Muscle Tissue: Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart

and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.

Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement

Locomotion

Maintains posture

Produces heat Facial expressions

Pumps blood

Peristalsis

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

7/31

Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue:

Main component of the nervous system,

ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves. Nervous Tissue Functions:

Regulates & controls body functions

Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects impulse

generating neurons.

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

8/31

Identify the following cell organelles

Cell Organelles

cell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

nuclear membrane

nucleolus

chromosomes

chromatin

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

9/31

Cell Organelles - Onion

Cell membrane

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

10/31

Cell Organelles - Onion

Cytoplasm

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

11/31

Cell Organelles - Onion

Nuclear Membrane

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

12/31

Cell Organelles - Onion

Nucleolus

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

13/31

Cell Organelles - Onion

Chromatin

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

14/31

Identify the five stages of mitosis

Stages of Mitosis, or the Cell Cycle:

interphase prophase

metaphase

anaphase telophase

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

15/31

Interphase

Metabolic phase

Cell growth

DNA replication

Centriole replication Protein Synthesis

Visible Nucleus &nuclear membrane

Visible nucleoli

Chromatin

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

16/31

Prophase

Nuclear membranedisappears

Nucleoli disappear

Chromsomes appear

Centrioles move toopposite sides of cell

Spindle fibers fromcentrioles connectwith chromosomes

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

17/31

Metaphase

Chromosomes line upon equator of the cell

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

18/31

Anaphase

Chromatids from eachchromosome separate& are pulled to

opposite sides of thecell.

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

19/31

Telophase

Chromatids reachextremes of cell

Nuclear membrane

reappears aroundeach chromatidcluster

Nucleoli reappear

Cell plate appearsbetween nuclei

Cytokinesis occurs

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

20/31

Start Editing Here

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

21/31

Specific tissue types & representative cell typeswe will review:

epithelial

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar connective

Adipose

Bone

Hyalaine cartilage

muscle

nervous

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

22/31

Squamous Epithelium

Simple one cellthick

Forms solid layer of

cells which line bloodvessels, body cavities& cover organs inbody cavities

Stratified multiplelayers

Forms epidermis

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

23/31

Cuboidal Epithelium

Simple one cell thick

Roughly cube shaped

Line ducts in kidneys,

etc, wherereabsorption andsecretory activitiestake place.

Duct

Cuboid Cells

Duct

Cuboid Cells

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

24/31

Columnar Epithelium

Simple

one cellthick

Column shaped (long& narrow)

Line digestive tractwhere reabsorption &secretion occurs.

Pseudostratified

gives the appearanceof more than onelayer of columnar

epithelial cells

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

25/31

Specific Connective Tissue Types:

AdiposeBone

Hyalaine cartilage

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

26/31

Connective - Adipose

Honeycomb orchickenwireappearance

Stores energy (fat)

Insulates

Supports & protects

organs

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

27/31

Connective - Bone

Tree ring-likeappearance

Supports & protects

Mineral storage

Fat storage

Blood cell production

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

28/31

Connective Hyaline Cartilage

Supports whileproviding flexibility

Absorbs compressionbetween bones in

joints (articularcartilage)

Holds open respiratorypassages

Most abundant type ofcartilage in body

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

29/31

Specific Muscle Tissue Types:

muscle (skeletal)

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

30/31

Muscle - Skeletal

Muscle fibers (cells)

long, parallel &cylindrical

With many nuclei(multinucleate)

Striations (crossstripes runperpendicular to thecells

Produce voluntarymovement

Locomotion

Heat

8/11/2019 Anatomy Unit 4 - Tissue Types

31/31

Specific Nervous Tissue Types

Nervous Neuron

Branching cells withmany long processes

Large central nucleus

Transmit impulsesfrom one area of thebody to other areas

Regulate activitiesthrough neuronimpulses