Anatomy 1

Anatomy

Anatomy lesson carried out in Java, Dutch EastIndies, date unknown.

Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν ana:separate, apart from, and temnein, to cut up, cut open) is a branch ofbiology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of livingthings. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animalanatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). In some of itsfacets anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomyand comparative embryology,[1] through common roots in evolution.

Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy (or macroscopic anatomy)and microscopic anatomy.[1] Gross anatomy (also called topographicalanatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study ofanatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision with the nakedeye.[1] Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes, which includeshistology (the study of the organization of tissues),[1] and cytology (the study of cells).

The history of anatomy has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of thefunctions of organs and structures in the body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing fromexamination of animals through dissection of cadavers (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniquesdeveloped in the 20th century including X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI imaging.Anatomy should not be confused with anatomical pathology (also called morbid anatomy or histopathology), whichis the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of diseased organs.

Superficial anatomySuperficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can bereadily seen from the contours or the surface of the body.[1] With knowledge of superficial anatomy, physicians orveterinary surgeons gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures. Superficial is a directionalterm that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body.

Human anatomy

Para-sagittal MRI scan of the head

Human anatomy, including gross human anatomy and histology, is primarilythe scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.[1]

Generally, students of certain biological sciences, paramedics, prosthetistsand orthotists, physiotherapists, occupational therapy, nurses, and medicalstudents learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomicalmodels, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials.The study of microscopic anatomy (or histology) can be aided by practicalexperience examining histological preparations (or slides) under amicroscope; and in addition, medical students generally also learn grossanatomy with practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers(dead human bodies).

Human anatomy, physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generallytaught to medical students in their first

Anatomy 2

An X-ray of a human chest.

Human heart and lungs, from an olderedition of Gray's Anatomy.

year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally orsystemically;[1] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions suchas the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous orrespiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, hasrecently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format,[2] [3] inline with modern teaching methods. A thorough working knowledge ofanatomy is required by all medical doctors, especially surgeons, and doctorsworking in some diagnostic specialities, such as histopathology andradiology.

Academic human anatomists are usually employed by universities, medicalschools or teaching hospitals. They are often involved in teaching anatomy,and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells.

Other branches

• Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures(both gross and microscopic) in different animals.[1]

• Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to thecomparison of the anatomy of different races of humans.

• Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons.

Notes[1] "Introduction page, "Anatomy of the Human Body". Henry Gray. 20th edition. 1918" (http:/ / www. bartleby. com/ 107/ 1. html). . Retrieved

19 March 2007.[2] "Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (UK). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071012104507/

http:/ / intl. elsevierhealth. com/ catalogue/ title. cfm?ISBN=0443071683). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. intl. elsevierhealth. com/catalogue/ title. cfm?ISBN=0443071683) on 2007-10-12. . Retrieved 19 March 2007.

[3] "Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (US). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070209134753/http:/ / www. us. elsevierhealth. com/ product. jsp?isbn=0443071683). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. us. elsevierhealth. com/product. jsp?isbn=0443071683) on 9 February 2007. . Retrieved 19 March 2007.

References• "Anatomy of the Human Body". 20th edition. 1918. Henry Gray (http:/ / www. bartleby. com/ 107/ )

External links• Anatomy Mnemonics (http:/ / www. lifehugger. com/ anatomy) Mnemonics in Anatomy.• Anatomy (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ programmes/ p005488j) on In Our Time at the BBC. ( listen now (http:/ /

www. bbc. co. uk/ iplayer/ console/ p005488j/ In_Our_Time_Anatomy))• Anatomia 1522–1867: Anatomical Plates from the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library (http:/ / link. library.

utoronto. ca/ anatomia/ )• Anatomy of the Human Body (http:/ / www. bartleby. com/ 107/ ) Gray, Henry. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger,

1918• High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases (http:/ / brainmaps. org/ )• Anatomy in the 16th century (http:/ / www. bium. univ-paris5. fr/ histmed/ medica/ anatomie. htm#vonseng)

studies and digitized texts by the BIUM (Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine et d'odontologie, Paris) (http:/ / www. bium. parisdescartes. fr) see its digital library Medic@ (http:/ / www. bium. univ-paris5. fr/

Anatomy 3

histmed/ medica. htm).• 19th Century Anatomy Lesson (http:/ / burkeandhare. com/ bhlesson. htm) Animated dissection following Gray's

Anatomy

Article Sources and Contributors 4

Article Sources and ContributorsAnatomy  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=417008879  Contributors: 168..., 1Dot11, 203.109.250.xxx, =Benjamin=, A J Hay, A Macedonian, APH, Abdjibawi, AdAdAdAd,Adolphus79, Ahoerstemeier, Airplaneman, Akanemoto, Alex43223, Ams80, AnatomyArcade, Andre Engels, Andy Smith, AnemoneProjectors, Angela, Ap, Arkuat, Art LaPella, Aryeh, Astral,Baa, Basharh, Bcooper1210, Bejnar, Ben-Zin, Benjaminkuitenbrouwer, Biblioanatomica, Blackjack48, Bmicomp, Bobo192, Bodnotbod, Bogdangiusca, Bornintheguz, Brandmeister, BrianCrawford, Brian0918, Bryan Derksen, Burner0718, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Cdc, Ceranthor, Chrisch, Cliff smith, CloudNine, Cobi, Conleylm, Conversion script, Courcelles, Cyde,DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DBishop1984, DOCtraind, DSRH, Danaman5, Dantel50, Dany4175, Dar-Ape, Davehi1, Dcljr, DeadEyeArrow, Demonfox7, Derwig, Devapriya, Diberri, Dimmes,Discospinster, Doctorbruno, Docu, Dori, Dracontes, Dramatic, Dubliner, Dullhunk, Dwayne Reed, Ebricca, Ec5618, Edward321, Ehwills, El C, Eleassar777, Enchanter, Epbr123, Erik Zachte,EugeneZelenko, Evercat, Fastilysock, Fatimahaider, FernandoAires, Feydey, FrancoGG, Fribbler, Funandtrvl, Funguyinfection, Galoubet, GameKeeper, Garion96, Gaseous Snake, Gdoggy111,Gekosart, Gerry Ashton, Giftlite, Gilliam, Git2010, Glenn, Gracenotes, GraemeL, Graham87, Grunt, Gurch, Guy Peters, Hadal, Haham hanuka, Harps21, Hashar, Hbackman, HeikoEvermann,Henrik, Herakles01, Herk1955, Homie727, Hopiakuta, Hu, Hysbys, Ian Pitchford, Iridescent, Irishguy, Itselectric, JNW, Jaania, Jagged 85, Jaknouse, Jcbutler, Jfdwolff, Jhenderson777, Jim Flint,JimVC3, Jimothytrotter, Jiy, Jnyanydts, JoanneB, Joe de Coy, Joehall45, John254, Johnuniq, Jonathanlund, Jpgordon, Jrockley, Jyril, KHAAAAAAAAAAN, KVDP, Kakofonous, Katalaveno,Keilana, Kelly Martin, Kenny sh, Kim Bruning, Kingpin13, Kipala, Kirt, Kmab, Knutux, Kosebamse, Kpjas, LC, Landskull 12, Leonard G., Lexor, Lightmouse, LilacPhonograph, Linforest, Lir,Livin.la.vi.da.loca, Mac, Mace, Machn, Magioladitis, Magnus Manske, Majorly, Malcolm Farmer, Man vyi, Mandarax, Marnanel, MarylandArtLover, Matdrodes, Materialscientist, Maurreen,Mav, Mayumashu, Mboverload, Medicineman28, Messerup, Mgiganteus1, Michal Nebyla, Mikdawg15, Minna Sora no Shita, Mitch Ames, Mkraft9650, Mnfiero, Moh man742, Mokele,Mortotron 77777, Mr.DH, Mschel, Mxn, Myanw, NAKEDRICKY, Nafile, Nakon, NatureA16, NawlinWiki, Neurolysis, Nevlow, Newt Winkler, Nick, Nikai, Nishanthb, Nivix, Nk, No Mu,Noldoaran, Non-dropframe, NonNobisSolum, Notinasnaid, NuclearWarfare, Odysses, Ohnoitsjamie, OnardFMA, Optimale, Ortonmc, OttoMäkelä, Paleorthid, Patrick, Persian Poet Gal, PhilipTrueman, Piano non troppo, Pinethicket, Plastinacion, Pmlineditor, Possum, Poul818, Qst, Quiddity, Quintote, Qwertying, RMFan1, Radon210, Ranjithsutari, Raven in Orbit, Razaelas,Razimantv, Reach Out to the Truth, Remi0o, RexNL, Rfl, Rfvijn, Rich Farmbrough, Richard001, Rjwilmsi, Rmky87, Rob Hooft, Rocket71048576, Ronz, Rossrs, Rsm99833, Russoc4, RyanCable, Scarecroe, Schumi555, Scohoust, Sengkang, Shablog, ShakingSpirit, Signalhead, Simile, Sintaku, Sionus, Smpf38, Snowmanradio, Snoyes, Solipsist, Soman, Sophus Bie, Spellcast,Spencer, Spitfire, StarPrincess8, Stephenb, Stevertigo, Stewartadcock, Syp, TUF-KAT, Tarquin, Tellyaddict, Template namespace initialisation script, Tewellmoney, The Anome, The Epopt, TheThing That Should Not Be, The Transhumanist, TheLimbicOne, Themfromspace, Thieme publishers, Tide rolls, TimShell, Timir2, Toddst1, Tony Sidaway, Tresiden, Tristanb, Truhiyanu,Trusilver, Tseno Maximov, Ugen64, Uncle Dick, Unyoyega, Vary, VirtualSteve, Vsmith, Watcharakorn, Wavelength, Werdan7, Wikipelli, Wikitanvir, Wimt, Wkpdb, WriterHound, Wtboone,XD0248, YUL89YYZ, Yan666, Yidisheryid, ZX81, ZayZayEM, 517 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Anatomische les op de dokter Djawaschool in Weltevreden Batavia Java TMnr 10002345.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Anatomische_les_op_de_dokter_Djawaschool_in_Weltevreden_Batavia_Java_TMnr_10002345.jpg  License:unknown  Contributors: Djoehana, DocuImage:Structural.gif  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Structural.gif  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Dwayne Reed (talk) Original uploader wasDwayne Reed at en.wikipediaImage:Chest.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Chest.png  License: unknown  Contributors: Bryan, Chikumaya, Juiced lemon, Lipothymia, OImage:Heart-and-lungs.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Heart-and-lungs.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Gray's Anatomy

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