Anatomy (B)Anatomy (B)Anatomy and Physiology (C)Anatomy and Physiology (C)

Mangala IyengarMangala Iyengar

10/3/0910/3/09

Science Olympiad Coaches Science Olympiad Coaches InstituteInstitute

The EventThe Event

Covers anatomy, physiology, and Covers anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the skeletal and pathology of the skeletal and muscular systems (and endocrine, muscular systems (and endocrine, for Division C)for Division C)

Includes process skills and memorization

1 2-sided page of notes allowed

Test FormatTest Format

Timed Stations Timed Stations Case Studies Case Studies Data AnalysisData Analysis Passage Analysis (Division C)Passage Analysis (Division C)

Study FocusesStudy Focuses

Critical Thinking and Logical Critical Thinking and Logical ReasoningReasoning

Integration of Systems; the “big Integration of Systems; the “big picture”picture”

Pathology as a window to physiologyPathology as a window to physiology SpeedSpeed Memorization is important and Memorization is important and

necessary – necessary – but it isn’t enough.but it isn’t enough.

ResourcesResources Campbell’s “Biology”Campbell’s “Biology” NCSO Event ResourcesNCSO Event Resources WikipediaWikipedia http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/prod

ucts/sci_olympiad/sci_olympiad.html - older practice events and coaches clinics - older practice events and coaches clinics for various events. for various events.

http://soinc.org/ http://www.lakesideschool.org/upperschool

/community/scienceolympiad/resources.html - good compilation of links - good compilation of links

Tournament StrategiesTournament Strategies

Don’t split systems between Don’t split systems between teammatesteammates

Write down questions on your sheet Write down questions on your sheet so you can answer them laterso you can answer them later

Bring a watch to time yourself at Bring a watch to time yourself at stations.stations.

Don’t panic if you don’t know the Don’t panic if you don’t know the answer off the bat; try to reason your answer off the bat; try to reason your way throughway through

Concept ReviewConcept Review

Mock Event: Part 1Mock Event: Part 1

Directions will be on the projector Directions will be on the projector screen – follow Anatomy or Health screen – follow Anatomy or Health Science instructions as appropriate. Science instructions as appropriate.

11stst portion: Anatomy Stations, portion: Anatomy Stations, Health Case Studies. Stations Health Case Studies. Stations are in this power point; case are in this power point; case studies is further back in the studies is further back in the notebook. notebook.

Anatomy Station 1Anatomy Station 1

1. Match each picture to the type of 1. Match each picture to the type of muscle tissue it represents muscle tissue it represents .

a. b c

2. What purpose do the intercalated discs serve in cardiac muscle?

Anatomy Station 2Anatomy Station 2 Parathyroid Hormone (also known as Parathyroid Hormone (also known as

parathormone) is a hormone released parathormone) is a hormone released from the parathyroid glands that regulates from the parathyroid glands that regulates the levels of calcium in the blood. When the levels of calcium in the blood. When calcium concentrations in the blood get calcium concentrations in the blood get low, parathyroid hormone sends signals to low, parathyroid hormone sends signals to a particular type of bone cell. a particular type of bone cell. • What do osteoclasts do? What do osteoclasts do? • What do osteoblasts do? What do osteoblasts do? • Which of the cells do you think are receiving Which of the cells do you think are receiving

the signal from parathyroid hormone?the signal from parathyroid hormone?• What do you think these cells are doing in What do you think these cells are doing in

response? response?

Anatomy Station 3Anatomy Station 3

What happens to cardiac muscle What happens to cardiac muscle when a person performs moderate when a person performs moderate aerobic exercise over a period of aerobic exercise over a period of several months?several months?

Weightlifters increase their muscle Weightlifters increase their muscle size over time. Does this result from size over time. Does this result from an increase in the number of muscle an increase in the number of muscle cells or an increase in the number of cells or an increase in the number of muscle fibers?muscle fibers?

Anatomy Station 4Anatomy Station 4

1.1. What are the units What are the units of compact bone?of compact bone?

2.2. What are the What are the large dark spots?large dark spots?

3.3. What are the What are the small dark spots?small dark spots?

Mock Event: Part 2Mock Event: Part 2 Health Science stations will be up on Health Science stations will be up on

the projector; Anatomy will be doing the projector; Anatomy will be doing case studiescase studies

Health Science Station 1Health Science Station 1

• Under what conditions does parathyroid Under what conditions does parathyroid hormone send messages to cells in the bone?hormone send messages to cells in the bone?

• What type of bone cell is most likely to receive What type of bone cell is most likely to receive the signal from parathyroid hormone?the signal from parathyroid hormone?

• What do you think these cells are doing in What do you think these cells are doing in response? response?

• How does the cellular response to the release How does the cellular response to the release of parathyroid hormone maintain homeostasis? of parathyroid hormone maintain homeostasis?

Health Science Station 2Health Science Station 21.1. Which of the following do blood vessels and nerves run Which of the following do blood vessels and nerves run

through in bone?through in bone?2.2. Which of the following are connecting tunnels between Which of the following are connecting tunnels between

osteocytes?osteocytes?3.3. Which of the following house osteocytes?Which of the following house osteocytes?4.4. Which of the following house chondrcytes?Which of the following house chondrcytes?

Word bank for questions 1-4: LacunaeWord bank for questions 1-4: Lacunae• ColliculiColliculi• Osteal canalsOsteal canals• Central CanalsCentral Canals• CanaliculiCanaliculi• LacunaeLacunae

5. Open ended: Would it hurt less to pierce your belly button or 5. Open ended: Would it hurt less to pierce your belly button or your ears? Why?your ears? Why?

Health Science Station 3Health Science Station 3

In the disease called Amyotrophic In the disease called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, motor neurons die Lateral Sclerosis, motor neurons die off and stop sending signals to off and stop sending signals to muscles. What is the most likely muscles. What is the most likely thing that will happen to muscles as thing that will happen to muscles as a result?a result?

What is the major event that allows a What is the major event that allows a neural signal from a motor neuron to neural signal from a motor neuron to pass to muscles?pass to muscles?

Health Science Station 4Health Science Station 4

1.1. What is wrong with What is wrong with this person? this person?

2.2. Circle the part of the Circle the part of the X-ray that allowed you X-ray that allowed you to diagnose the personto diagnose the person

3.3. List 3 symptoms that List 3 symptoms that this patient might be this patient might be experiencing. experiencing.

4.4. Name one activity that Name one activity that this person should this person should probably avoid. probably avoid.

Questions?Questions?