Some notes I wrote and drew up to help study. Good luck!

Lungs:Lungs have a costal (endothoracic fascia), mediastinal (pulmonary ligament), diaphragmatic (phrenicopleural fascia), and cervical (suprapleural membrane) surfaceRight Lung: Has 3 lobes – Upper, middle and lower lobes (demarcated by the oblique and horizontal fissures)- Arrangement of Root structures (superior to inferior): Hyparterial Bronchus, pulmonary artery,

Eparterial Bronchus, pulmonary veins- Right main Bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical (more susceptible to foreign objects)- Superior Lobe: Apical, posterior, and anterior bronchopulmonary segments- Middle Lobe: Lateral and Medial bronchopulmonary segments- Inferior Lobe: Anterior basal, Medial basal, Lateral basal and Posterior basal bronchopulmonary

segments- Medial impressions: SVC, IVC, Azygos vein and Arch of Azygos, Esophagus, Brachiocephalic vein,

Trachea, and Cardiac impression (Right atrium and its auricle)Left Lung: Has 2 lobes – Superior and Inferior (oblique fissure)- Doesn’t have a Eparterial bronchus- Possesses a lingua on its Superior Lobe and a Cardiac notch- Superior Lobe: apical, posterior, anterior, superior lingular and inferior lingular bronchopulmonary

segments- Inferior Lobe: anterior basal, medial basal, lateral basal, posterior basal bronchopulmonary

segments- Medial impressions: Arch of Aorta, Descending thoracic aorta, Esophagus, Subclavian artery,

Trachea and Cardiac impression (Left Ventricle and Left auricle)Pulmonary ligamentLies inferior to the root of both the right and left lung; is a double layer fold of parietal pleura extending inferiorly beyond the rootProvide “dead space” for pulmonary veins when blood volume increases during strenuous activityVessels: Anterior/posterior intercostal (parietal) and bronchial (visceral) vessels Nerve: Intercostal/phrenic (parietal) and sympathetic/vagus (visceral)Lymph: Bronchopulmonary nodes

Heart:Right coronary arteryFound between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk; runs in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and ventricle; mainly supplies the posterior side of the heartBranches: - Right marginal artery (runs with small cardiac vein)- Posterior interventricular artery (runs with middle cardiac vein) – supplies posterior 1/3 IV septum- AV node artery- Small atrial arteries giving off branch to SA nodeLeft coronary arteryFound between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle supplying a greater volume of myocardium (anterior portion)Divides into two branches almost immediately:- Anterior Interventricular artery (runs with great cardiac vein) – supplies anterior 2/3 of IV septum- Circumflex artery running in the posterior atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)Coronary sinus

Is found in the coronary sulcus and is a continuation of the Great Cardiac vein; tributaries are the Great, Middle and small cardiac veins, the posterior vein of the left ventricle and the oblique vein of the left atrium; coronary sinus opens into right atrium; develops from the sinus venosus of the primitive heart tubeFossa ovalisThe remnant as a prominent region known as the limbus fossa ovalis. Its counterpart within the left atrium is known as fossa lunataPapillary musclesMuscles of the ventricles that extend from the ventricular walls (and the IV septum of the right ventricle) and attach to the chordate tendineaeContraction prevents the cusps of the atrioventricular valve from being everted into the right atriumRight atriumMakes up right border on AP X-ray; Recieves coronary sinus, IVC and SVCDerived from musculi pectini (rough part) and sinus venarum (smooth part) of primitive heart tubeCrista terminalis is interior muscular ridge demarcating where smooth and rough parts meetLeft atriumMainly makes up base of heart and receives the pulmonary veins returning oxygenated blood from the lungs (2 from each)Right ventricleMakes up part of the inferior border, diaphragmatic surface and sternocostal surface of heartRecieves blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid (right atrioventricular valve) during diastole across the trabeculae carneae and pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries via the outflow tract called the conus arteriosus (infundibulum) during systole Left ventricleMakes up the sternocostal surface, left border and part of diaphragmatic surface and apex of heartReceive blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve during diastole and pumps blood to the fibrous aortic vestibule during ventricular systole Apex of the heartFormed by the Left ventricle and can be found in the left 5th IC space in the midclavicular line (approx 9 cm from the midline)Ascending aortaOriginates in the aortic vestibule of the left ventricle and terminates at lower border of T4 where it continues as aortic archArch of aortaBegins and ends at the sternal angle (T4/T5); continues as the descending thoracic aorta; located in the superior mediastinumBranches (proximal to distal): Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid and Left subclavian arteryLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve can be found wrapping around arch of aorta (ligamentum arteriosum)

Pericardium:Attached to the central diaphragm tendon and sternopericardial ligamentTransverse sinusA transverse gap behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk posteriorly bound by the SVC Used to pass a ligature during cardiac surgeryOblique SinusA pocket behind the left atrium between the SVC, IVC, and pulmonary veinsVessels: Internal thoracic arteries and descending thoracic aorta / internal thoracic veins and azygous veinNerve: Phrenic nerve

Mediastinum:EsophagusConstrictions at its origination (C6), where it crosses the left main stem bronchus, and a third at T10 where it pierces the diaphragmThoracic ductContinuation of the cysterna chili as it enters the thorax at T12 through the aortic hiatusTravels between the aorta and azygos vein in the posterior mediastinum and crosses at T5 to the left side of the vertebral column where it ascends in the superior mediastinum to the left of the esophagus. Ends in the neck by opening into the junction of the left IJV and left subclavian veinReceives lymph from the entire body except the upper right quadrant Sympathetic chain: Identification, extensions and branchesGreater Splanchnic nerve: T6-T9 gangliaLesser Splanchnic nerve: T10 and T11 gangliaLeast Splanchnic nerve: T12 ganglia