ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

THIS IS THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE

BODY.

A system is made up of several organs and tissues that work togetherto carry out a particular job(s).

The heart, together with other organs such as the blood vessels, form the circulatory system.

The biceps, triceps and all the other muscles of the body form the muscular system.

Body Systems

The body has several systems which are involved in sport.Can you name them?

Circulatory RespiratoryMuscular

SkeletalDigestive Hormonal

Nervous

Body Systems involved in Sport & Exercise

We have already looked at the physiology (function) of the body when we studied the CIRCULATORY and RESPIRATORY systems.

We will now look at the structure of the body, and in particular:

1.BONES

2.FUNCTION OF THE SKELETON

3.JOINTS

4.MUSCLES

BONES

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BONES AND THE SKELETON ?

1.MOVEMENT

2.PROTECTION of vital organs.

3.THE PRODUCTION OF BLOOD in the Bone Marrow.

4.POSTURE

Protection

The hard nature of bone means that the skeletoncan protect the more delicate parts of the body.

Examples:

The cranium (skull) protects the soft tissue of the brain.

The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs.

Without the skeleton, the body would beflabby and shapeless.

Examples:

The bones of the legs support the body.

The vertebrae support the head.

Support

The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move whenthe muscles attached to them contract.

Example:

The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint.

Movement

The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

Red and white blood cells are made in red bone marrow which is found at the ends of the femur and humerus and in the ribs, sternum, pelvis and vertebrae.

Femur:Located in the upper part of the leg.

Humerus:Located in the upperpart of the arm.

Blood Cell Production

Red BoneMarrow

WHAT BONES DO WE NEED TO KNOW AND WHERE THEY ARE SITUATED ?

1.CRANIUM

2.CLAVICLE

3.SCAPULA

4.STERNUM

5.RIBS

6.VERTEBRAL COLUMN

7.HUMERUS

8. RADIUS

9. ULNA

10. ILIUM

11. CARPALS

12. META CARPALS

13. PHALANGES

14. FEMUR

15. PATELLA

16. TIBIA

17. FIBULA

18. TARSALS

19. META TARSALS

20. PHALANGES