Anaphys Cell Presentation

8/7/2019 Anaphys Cell Presentation

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CELL, TISSUES, GLANDS, AND MEMBRANES


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y Cell

- the basic unit of life of all organisms.

3 MAIN PARTS OF ACELL

- Plasma/Cell membrane

- Cytoplasm- Nucleus

y Plasma/Cell membrane

- forms the cells flexible outer surface, separating thecells internal environment (inside the cell) from theexternal environment (outside the cell).


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- selectivebarrierthatregulatestheflowofmaterialsintoandoutofacell.

y Cytoplasm

- consistsofallthecellularcontentsbetweentheplasmamembraneandthenucleus.

Cytosol - thefluidportionofcytoplasm, containswater, dissolvedsolutes, andsuspendedparticles.

Organelles littleorgans

y Nucleus

- commandcenterofthecell


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FUNCTIONS OF THECELL

1. Basic UnitofLife retainsallthecharacteristicsof

life2. Protectionand Support produceandsecrete

variousmoleculesthatprovideprotectionandsupportofthebody.

3. Movement occursbecauseofmoleculeslocatedwithinspecificcells

4. Communication produceandreceivechemicalandelectricalsignals

5. Cellmetabolismandenergyrelease chemicalreactionsthatoccurwithincells

6. Inheritance containsacopyofthegeneticinformationoftheindividual.


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OTHER ORGANELLES

y NUCLEUS

- nucleusisasphericaloroval-shapedstructurethatusuallyisthemostprominentfeatureofacell.

Nuclear Envelope adoublelayerofmembranethatseparatesthenucleusfromthecytoplasm

NuclearPores controlthemovementofsubstancesbetweenthenucleusandcytoplasm.

Nucleoli siteforsynthesisofrRNA

- moreprominentincellsthatsynthesizelargeamountsofproteins

Genes- cellshereditaryunitwhichcontrolcellularstructureanddirectcellularactivity


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Genome totalgeneticinformationcarriedinacell.

y Ribosomes organelleswhereproteinsareproduced.

y Endoplasmic Reticulum aseriesofmembranesformingsacsandtubulesthatextendsfromtheouternuclearmembraneintothecytoplasm.

RoughERwithribosomes attachedwithit.

SmoothERwithoutribosomes andsiteforlipidsynthesis. Italsoparticipatesindetoxificationofchemicalswithinthecell.

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Golgi Apparatus consistsofcloselypackedstackofcurvedmembrane-boundsacs.

- itcollects, modifies, packages, anddistributesproteinsandlipidsmanufacturedby ER.


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y Secretory Vesicles small, membrane-boundsacthattransportsorstorematerialswithincells.

- pinchofffromthe Golgiapparatusandmovetothesurfaceofthecell.

y Lysosomes aremembrane-boundvesicleformed

fromthe Golgiapparatus.- containavarietyofenzymesthatfunctionasintracellulardigestivesystem.

y Peroxisomes aresmall, membrane-boundvesicle

containingenzymesthat breakdownfattyacids,aminoacids, andhydrogenperoxide.


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y Mitochondria aresmall, bean-shaped, rod-shaped,orlong, threadlikeorganelleswithinnerandouter

membranes.- majorsitesofadenosinetriphosphate

(ATP)productionwithinthecells.

-ATPisthemajorenergysourcefor

mostchemicalreactionswithinthecelly Cytoskeleton consistsofproteinsthatsupportthe

cell, holdtheorganellesinplace, andenablethecelltochangeshape.

Microtubules hollowstructuresformedfromproteinsubunits.

Microfilaments smallfibrilsformedfromproteinsubunitsthatsupportthecytoplasm


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Intermediate filaments fibrils formed from proteinsubunits that are similar in diameter that microtubules

but larger in diameter than microfilaments.y Centrioles a small, cylindrical organelle composed

of nine triplets, each consisting of three parallelmircotubules joined together

y Cilia project from the surface of cells, are capable ofmoving, and vary in number from one to thousandsper cell.

y Flagella have a structure similar to that of cilia butare much longer, and usuallyoccur onlyone per cell.

y Microvilli are specialized extensions of the cellmembrane that are supported bymicrofilaments, buttheydi bit activelymove like cilia and flagella.


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Anaphys Cell Presentation