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http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1075 [email protected]
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2017, pp. 1075–1082, Article ID: IJMET_08_12_116
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=12
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
ANALYZING DISPERSION COMPENSATION
USING UFBG AT 100GBPS OVER 120KM USING
SINGLE MODE FIBER
Ashwani Sharma, Shalini Sharma
School of Electrical and Computer Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (H.P)-173229
Ashwani Sharma, Inder Singh
School of Computer Science Engineering, UPES, Dehradun (U.K)-248007
Suman Bhattacharya
Product Evangelist, TATA Consultancy Services
ABSTRACT
The origin of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s) is making the transmission
in optical fiber communication more irresistible. But already installed standard non
dispersion shifted fibers causing the transmission of data at higher rates to be
confined by the immense dispersion unless different compensation technologies are
utilized. A number of methodologies have been introduced to resolve this issue, for
example, DCF (Dispersion Compensating Fiber), FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating),
Electronic Equalizers etc. but an approach to decrease the chromatic dispersion by
using FBG can altogether intensify the performance of the system. This paper is
demonstrating the use of uniform FBG for compensating dispersion at 100Gbps over a
SMF of 120Km by using it in distinct schemes and then on the basis of Q-factor and
BER, it has been analyzed that Post dispersion compensation is reducing the effects of
dispersion at longer distances with high data transmission rates much better than the
remaining schemes.
Keywords: Optisystem 7.0; Single mode fiber (SMF) Quality-factor; Bit error rate;
Chromatic Dispersion; Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating(UFBG); Inter-symbol interference
Cite this Article: Ashwani Sharma, Inder Singh, Suman Bhattacharya and Shalini
Sharma, Analyzing Dispersion Compensation using UFBG at 100Gbps over 120km
using single mode fiber, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology 8(12), 2017, pp. 1072–1082.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=12
Analyzing Dispersion Compensation using UFBG at 100Gbps over 120km using single mode fiber
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1076 [email protected]
1. INTRODUCTION
With the brisk growth in the communication industry all over the world, the optical fiber
communication networks with high data rate and high capacity is becoming a vital part in
present day communication systems. For the most part, there are three key issues related with
the optical fiber systems i.e that is, loss during transmission, nonlinear effects and dispersion.
The development of EDFA has reduced the effects caused by transmission loss which was a
major problem earlier. But dispersion is a matter of concern when high data rate transmission
over long distances is considered [1].
1.1. Dispersion:
Pulses while propagating inside the optical fiber propagates at different velocities and lost
their original shape. Due to distinct propagation speeds, they arrive at receiver at distinct time
intervals, thereby, causing the pulses to be broadened and overlap with each other. This pulse
broadening is called dispersion. Dispersion is a common term related with it and effect is
known as inter-symbol interference (ISI). The relation of β� with Dispersion parameter (D) is
given below in equation (1):-
D � �2πc
λ�β��1
When wavelength λ� λ� then the fiber is said to have normal dispersion (β� � positive . In this dispersion, components having low frequency propagate at a rate faster than
components having high frequency. The opposite concept takes place when β� �
negative[2].
1.2. Dispersion Types:
Dispersion can be divided into three types- Intermodal dispersion, Intramodal dispersion
(chromatic dispersion) and Polarization mode dispersion.
1.2.1. Intermodal Dispersion
Due to occurrence of delay between higher order and low order modes causes the pulse
widening at the receiver and this effect is intermodal dispersion. It is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Intermodal Dispersion representation Figure 2 Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
1.2.2 Chromatic Dispersion:
In single mode fibers, the light pulses comprises of distinct frequency elements and these
elements travels inside the optical fiber core with different velocity, thereby, causing pulse
widening at the receiver. This phenomenon of pulse widening is called chromatic dispersion.
The detailed diagram is shown in Figure 2.
1.2.3 Polarization Mode Dispersion:
In case of single mode fiber, there are generally two polarization modes exists, which are
perpendicular to each other. This is because of the results of birefringence. Every mode has
their own speed of propagation which is greater or less than the other causing dispersion,
popularly known as polarization mode dispersion as shown in Figure 3.
Ashwani Sharma, Inder Singh, Suman Bhattacharya and Shalini Sharma
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1077 [email protected]
Figure 3 PMD
1.3. Techniques for Dispersion Compensation:
There are different techniques which are available for the compensation of dispersion. Fiber
Bragg Gratings (FBG) and Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF) are the most popular
techniques for dispersion compensation.
1.3.1 Dispersion compensation using DCF:
By changing the structure of the fiber, A fiber with negative dispersion value can be designed.
And the resultant fiber is termed as Dispersion compensating fibers, [3]. Figure 4 is showing
the principle operation of DCF.
Figure 4 DCF Technique
1.3.2 Dispersion compensation by FBG:
It is the most popular technique for dispersion compensation. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)
allows some of the wavelengths to travel in the forward direction, and reflects others hence,
behaving like mirror as shown in Figure 5. Different types of FBG are there like uniform FBG
and Chirped FBG. A Grating is called Uniform Grating, if it has constant refractive index
modulation period, whereas Chirped FBG contains the variation of the refractive index period
with respect to the length [5].
Figure 5 Uniform FBG
Fiber Bragg grating provides the dynamic compensation of dispersion. This feature of
dynamic compensation is not provided by DCF [6].There are so many advantages of FBG
merits over other dispersion compensation techniques like less insertion loss and increased
capacity of the optical fiber. [7].
2. SIMULATION SETUP
This paper focuses on the simulations of the Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating in three distinct
configurations i.e. Pre compensation, Post compensation and Mix compensation. Eventually,
the results are compared in terms of the Q-factor and BER to determine the best configuration
among the three. FBG parameters and the Simulation parameters are explained in the tabular
Analyzing Dispersion Compensation using UFBG at 100Gbps over 120km using single mode fiber
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1078 [email protected]
form in the Table-3 and Table-4, respectively. Further the simulation models of three distinct
configurations of uniform FBG i.e. Pre, Post and Mix compensation are shown in the Figures-
6, 7 and 8, respectively.
This section of the paper shows the execution of Dispersion compensation by utilizing
uniform Fiber Bragg Grating as a Dispersion compensator with the help of software naming
Optisystem 7.0. This work has been shown for the single channel. Simulation setups are been
executed both at the transmitter end and the receiver end. In the transmitter segment, setup is
started with a PRBS generator which creates irregular grouping of bits consistently. Then a
modulator called Mach-Zehnder modulator, in which one input from non-return to zero
(NRZ) modulation format and another input from CW laser, which is behaving as light
source, is provided. The modulated optical signals are then transmitted over the optical
channel at a rate equivalent to 100Gbps with input power extending from 1dBm to 10dBm.
Simulations are completed at a frequency of 193.1THz. Received signals are encounters by
pin detector which behaves as transducer i.e. converting the optical signals into the electrical
signals. The position of UFBG has been changed to see its effect on the data transmission
pulses and bandwidth. The adjustment in the position of UFBG in three unique plans i.e. Pre
Compensation, Post Compensation and Mix Compensation. EDFA is likewise utilized as a
part of model to reduce attenuation and subsequently utilized after every component of
Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating. This paper concentrates on the simulation of the Uniform Fiber
Bragg Grating in three different designs i.e. Pre Compensation, Post Compensation and Mix
Compensation. Inevitably, the outcomes are looked at as far as the Q-factor and BER to
decide the best design among the three. Parameters for UFBG and the parameters for
simulation are clarified in the Table-1 and Table-2, separately. Further the simulation models
of three particular setups of uniform FBG i.e. Pre, Post and Mix compensation are appeared in
the Figures-6, 7 and 8, individually.
Table 1 Parameters used for UFBG
Sr. No. Parameter Value
1 Length of Fiber 120 Km
2 Noise Threshold -100 dB
3 Reflectivity 0.99
4 Sample Rate 500 GHz
Table 2 General parameters used in Simulation
Sr. No. Parameter Value
1 Bit Rate(Gbps) 100
2 Bandwidth(THz) 1
3 Extinction Ratio(dB) 30
4 Sample Rate(THz) 6.4
5 Power(dBm) 1-10
6 Gain(dB) 20
7 Noise(dB) 2
8 Frequency(THz) 193.1
Ashwani Sharma, Inder Singh, Suman Bhattacharya and Shalini Sharma
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1079 [email protected]
Figure 6 Pre compensation using Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating simulation model
Figure 7 Post compensation model Figure 8 Mix compensation model
3. SIMULATIONS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This part of the paper contains the examination of the results acquired after studying and
analyzing the Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating as a Dispersion compensator in three particular
setups that are Pre compensation, Post Compensation and Mix compensation. The results are
analyzed as per the BER, Q-Factor, Eye height and received power. Figures-9,10 and 11
demonstrating the eye charts of Pre, Post and Mix Dispersion compensation utilizing uniform
Fiber Bragg Grating, resp. The indicated eye diagrams are at input power =10dBm as at this
power level different schemes of uniform FBG exhibiting the maximum Q-Factor and
minimum BER when compared with other power levels from 1dBm to 10dBm. Table-3,4 and
5 is containing the Q-Factor, BER, received power and eye heights of three schemes at
different power levels.
Figure 9 UFBG Post comp. Figure 10 UFBG Post comp. Figure 9 UFBG Mix comp.
Analyzing Dispersion Compensation using UFBG at 100Gbps over 120km using single mode fiber
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1080 [email protected]
Table 3 Results for Pre Compensation of Uniform FBG at inputs from 1dbm to 10dbm
Input
Power
Max Q
factor Min BER Eye Height Threshold
Received
Power(dBm)
1 7.86135 1.78E-12 0.000301 0.000291 1.26E-07
2 9.13437 3.02E-20 0.000412 0.000319 1.89E-07
3 10.5549 2.18E-26 0.000555 0.000354 2.90E-07
4 12.1228 3.56E-34 0.000737 0.000398 4.49E-07
5 13.8473 5.75E-44 0.000969 0.000441 7.01E-07
6 15.7283 4.15E-56 0.001263 0.000504 1.10E-06
7 17.7594 6.10E-71 0.001637 0.000561 1.74E-06
8 19.9478 6.47E-89 0.002112 0.00065 2.74E-06
9 22.2657 3.25E-11 0.002714 0.000763 4.33E-06
10 24.7116 3.18E-13 0.003477 0.000838 6.86E-06
Table 4 Results for Post Compensation of Uniform FBG at inputs from 1dbm to 10dbm
Input
Power
Max Q
factor Min BER Eye Height Threshold
Received
Power(dBm)
1 10.5753 1.56E-26 0.00036 0.0001132 1.09E-07
2 11.913 4.04E-33 0.0004752 0.0001343 1.73E-07
3 13.369 3.55E-41 0.0006205 0.0001531 2.73E-07
4 14.9508 5.97E-51 0.0008056 0.00018449 4.32E-07
5 16.663 9.12E-63 0.00104 0.0002099 6.85E-07
6 18.512 6.11E-77 0.00133935 0.00023831 1.09E-06
7 20.5079 6.61E-94 0.001718 0.0002698 1.72E-06
8 22.6786 2.55E-11 0.002197 0.0002909 2.72E-06
9 25.028 1.04E-13 0.002805 0.00033431 4.31E-06
10 27.54 1.95E-16 0.00357 0.0003932 6.84E-06
Table 5 Results for mix Compensation of Uniform FBG at inputs from 1dbm to 10dbm
Input
Power
Max Q
factor Min BER Eye Height Threshold
Received
Power(dBm)
1 7.86036 1.79E-15 0.000301 0.000291 1.75E-07
2 9.13275 3.07E-20 0.000413 0.000319 2.52E-07
3 10.5523 2.24E-26 0.000555 0.000354 3.72E-07
4 12.1191 3.72E-34 0.000737 0.000397 5.58E-07
5 13.8391 6.43E-44 0.000969 0.000441 8.49E-07
6 15.7154 5.08E-56 0.001263 0.000502 1.30E-06
7 17.7315 1.02E-70 0.001638 0.000581 2.02E-06
8 19.8949 1.86E-88 0.002112 0.000644 3.15E-06
9 22.1653 3.02E-10 0.002715 0.000752 4.93E-06
10 24.5084 4.73E-13 0.003477 0.000819 7.75E-06
It is observed that Post dispersion compensation is having highest Quality factor and
lowest BER (bit error rate) which is the desired condition for the best compensation
technique.
Ashwani Sharma, Inder Singh, Suman Bhattacharya and Shalini Sharma
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1081 [email protected]
Figure 12 Input Power Vs Q- Factor Plot Figure 13 Power Vs BER Plot
Figure 14 Power Vs Eye Height Plot Figure 15 Input Power Vs Received Power Plot
By analyzing all the graphs, it is clear that post compensation of uniform FBG Performing
batter at 100 Gbps. for 120 Km.
4. CONCLUSION
This paper is completely revolved around executing Dispersion Compensation procedure
using uniform FBG remembering the true objective to compensate for the dispersion occurs
while the transmission of signal over a separation of 120 Km at 100 Gbps. Uniform FBG is
used in three particular setups i.e. Pre, Post and Mix Dispersion compensation. Results from
the particular courses of action are then analyzed as far as the BER and Q-Factor so as to
acquire the best compensation method among them. The diagrams appeared in Fig-12, 13, 14
and 15 are analyzed and it is discovered that the Post Dispersion compensation have
predominant Quality Factor and minimum BER when compared with the Pre and Mix
compensation of uniform FBG. However, complete removal of dispersion at higher
transmission rates is not possible but using Post compensation in uniform FBG can reduced
dispersion up to some extent at 100Gbps over 120Km using SMF.
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