Analyze v–ing form in each sentence:

1. Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2. His performance is disappointing.3. He tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe.4.They did everything they could to prevent

the river from being polluted.5. There is a swimming pool in our school.6. I heard someone playing the piano in the

next room.7. They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.

主语

表语

动宾介宾

定语

宾补

伴随状语

The Use of the –ing Form

动名词 (the Gerund)

现在分词 (the Present Participle)

V-ing 在句子中作 主语、宾语、表语、 定语、补语、状语。

V-ing

主语宾语表语定语

_____ _____ _____ _____表语 定语 补语 状语

Translate the following phrases and sentences:一节卧铺车厢

一个在睡觉的婴儿

一匹在喝水的马一个饮水杯

在操场上跑步的孩子们

现在正受表扬的孩子们

他的工作是修车。他的工作令人满意。

a sleeping cara sleeping baby

a drinking horsea drinking cup

the children running on the playground

the children being praised now

His job is repairing the car.His job is satisfying.

The Use of the –ing Form

动名词 (the Gerund)

现在分词 (the Present Participle)

V-ing 在句子中作 主语、宾语、表语、 定语、补语、状语。

V-ing

主语宾语表语定语

_____ _____ _____ _____表语 定语 补语 状语

V-ing 的各种形式：（以动词 do 为例） 时态

语态

主 动

被 动

一 般 式 完 成 式

doing

being done

having done

having been done

否定式： not doing在时间上表示一个正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生或存在的动作和状态

一般式：

完成式：在时间上表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作或状态

V-ing 作状语1. When they heard the news, they got excited.

HearingHearing the news, the news, theythey got excited. got excited. (( 时间时间 ))

When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.

Seeing their teacher, …

主从句主语相同

After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. had been told many times, I …

Having received his letter,…

Having been told many times,…

2.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.

Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. （原因）

Having visited the city many times, …

Because he had visited the city many times,he offered to be our guide.

Because we didn’t know his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him.

Not knowing his address,…

3. If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.

Working harder at English, you will make greater progress. ( 条件 )

If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.

Playing all day,…

4. Although he worked from morning till night,

he still didn’t get enough food.

Working from morning till night, he still didn’t get enough food. ( 让步 )

Although they felt very tired ， they still kept running.

Feeling very tired, …

5. He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. ( 伴随 )

The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.( 并列句 )

The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.

Laughing and talking, … * 现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语 相当于一个并列结构。

* 不可改成相应状语从句

6. He turned off the light so that he could see nothing. ( 结果 )

He turned off the light , (therefore/thus) seeing nothing.

His father died and left him a lot of money.

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.表示结果，有时相当于一个并列谓语。

注意： V-ing 形式作结果状语，多半放在句子的 后半部分。

功能 相当的状语从句

时间

原因

条件

让步

结果

伴随

时间状语从句

原因状语从句

条件状语从句

让步状语从句

结果状语从句

无合适的状语从句从句

作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首 ,

作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

从上面的句子转换中可以得出一个小结：　　　　　一回头：找该非谓语的逻辑主语；

两确定：

确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的动作先后；

确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主谓关系；

1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.

b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.

2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it.

b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.

Choose the correct sentence.

3. a. Looking out through the window, the

garden was beautiful.

b. Looking out through the window, we

saw a beautiful garden.

4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog

started barking.

b. I was reading the evening newspaper

when a dog started barking.

5. Facing a bill for $10,000 ， _____. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John

6. While watching television ， _____. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings

7. After seeing the movie, _____. A.

the book was read by him B.

the book made him want to read it C.

he wanted to read the book D.

the reading of the book interested

him

8. Returning home, ____.

A. my watch was missing

B. my watch was gone

C. my watch was lost

D. I found my watch missing

谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致

Rewrite the following sentences.

3.Because she had been bitten by a snake, she she was was frightened at it.frightened at it. 4. After he had been criticized by the teacher, he decided to study hard.

1.When he heard the cry for help, he rushed out.

2. She gave her opinion about the new building. Then she left the meeting.

5. Because the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.

独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语没有关系，称之为独立主格结构

逻辑主语 +v-ing独立主格结构 =

1. As it was fine, we decided to go swimming.

2. If my health allows, I will work far into the night.

3. As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.

It being fine, …

My health allowing, …

There being no further…

a. Being fine, we will have the sports

meeting next week.

b. It being fine, we will have the sports

meeting next week.

Choose the correct sentence.

1. With winter ______ on, it’s time to buy warm

clothes.

A. comes B. coming C. will come D. came2. ____ Sunday, we stayed at home. A. It being B. Being C. It was D. Because being

3. I have two elder brothers, ____ in the army for ten years. A. the elder of whom B. the older having served C. the older of which D. the elder one has served

1. _____________________, the teacher began his class.

每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。2. _______________________, he felt a bit nervous.

许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。3. _________________, we will have a picnic next week.

时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。4. __________________, the fields are full of life.

春天来临， 田野一片生机。

Everyone being ready

Many eyes watching him

Time permitting

Spring coming

6. 固定结构：Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally speaking, his answer is right.Considering everything, they did a good job.

1.___many times , he still couldn’ t understand it .

2.___ many times , but he still couldn’ t understand it.

3. ___ him many times and he’ll understand it. A. Having been told B. Tell C. He was told D. Though he had been told

A

C

Exercise

注意区别 V-ing 形式作状语与并列句 ; 祈使句

B

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell

you what I think of it.

2. The men worked for extra hours got an

extra pay.

3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find

the city more beautiful.

4. Generally speak, facial expressions are

helpful communications, too.

Not having

working

Seeing

speaking

一 . 单句改错

5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said,

angrily pointed to the notice on the

wall.

6. Knocking at the door before entering,

please.

7. European football is played in 80

countries, made it the most popular

sport in the world.

pointing

Knock

making

二 . 将下列各句中的 -ing 形式转换成并列句或复合句 1. All those standing at the back, please come here.

2. Tom left home quite early, hoping he could catch the first bus.

3. Not knowing what to do, we asked him doe help.

4. Arriving at the station, he found the train had left.

5. Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

who are standing…

and hoped…

Because / As we didn’t know…

When he arrived at…

Although he had been told…

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell

you what I think of it.

2. The men worked for extra hours got an

extra pay.

3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find

the city more beautiful.

4. Generally speak, facial expressions are

helpful communications, too.

Not having

working

Seeing

speaking

单句改错

5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said,

angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.

6. Knocking at the door before entering,

please.

7. European football is played in 80

countries, made it the most popular sport

in the world.

pointing

Knock

making

1. The stranger said something in a

_______ voice and the little girl was very

much ________

A. frightening, frightened

B. frightened, frightening

C. frightening, frightening

D. frightened, frightened

Choose the best answer.

2. ________the piano, someone suddenly

knocked at the door.

A. Playing

B. When I was playing

C. Repairing

D. Examining

3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the

corner.

A. smoke B. to smoke

C. being smoked D. smoking

4. ______ the programme, they have t

o stay there for another 2 weeks..

A. Not completing

B. Not completed

C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

5. “We can’t go out in this weather”,

said Bob, ____ out of the window.

A. looking B. to look

C. looked D. having looked

6. Though _____ money, his parents

managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of

C. lacking D. lacked in

8. _______ such heavy pollution

already, it may now be too late to

clean up the river.

A. Having suffered B. Suffering

C. To suffer D. Suffered

9. He looked around and caught a man

______ his hand into the pocket of a

passenger.

A. put B. to be putting

C. to put D. putting

10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden

carriage _____ the girl and took her

away, ____ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing

D. seized; disappearing

11. ______in the queue of half an hour.

Tom suddenly realized that he had left

his wallet at home.

A. To wait B. Have waited

C. Having waited D. To have waited

12. The picture _____ on the wall is

painted by my nephew.

A. Having hung B. hanging

C. hangs D. being hung

13. Generally speaking, ______

according to the directions, the drug has

no side effect.

A. when taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

4. He hurried to the booking office only ___

that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to be told B. to tell

C. told D. telling

5. He was busy writing a story, only ____ once

in a while to smoke a cigarette.

A. to stop B. stopping

C. to have stopped D. having stopped