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As Organizational Capability
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Session objectivesSession objectives
At the end of this session you will be able to:List organizational skillsDefine Analytical SkillsUse tool for analytical thinkingSolve small or complex problemUse problem solving toolsFore see the impact of any situationProactive for and decision maker
April 8, 2023 10:15 AM 2
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Two Classes of People People who know how to think. These people realize that most problems are open to examination and creative solution.
People who cannot think for themselves. Also called "idea consumers" .
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Exercise – Skills requiredExercise – Skills requiredWhen you have a major problem, is there
somebody you go to for help?What is it about that person that makes you
think he or she can handle the problem?Describe the biggest problem facing you
right now. What skills will you need to solve it?
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Contemplative QuestionsContemplative Questions
What skills are important for work?
Do I have these skills now? Or, do I need to acquire them?Why do I need them?
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List of SkillsList of SkillsAnalytical skills
Systems thinking Organizational knowledgeProblem identificationProblem analyzing and solving
Technical skills Management skills (see separate slides)Interpersonal skills (see separate slides)
Organizational KnowledgeOrganizational KnowledgeGood employees understand how organizations
work. It is critical to your survival and success in your career.e.g. Who makes the decisions? Who owns the data?
Who will resist change? Whom do people follow?Knowledge of specific functions and procedures of
organization and departmentHow work officially and unofficially gets doneInternal policies, both formal and informalExternal factors: Competitive and Regulatory
EnvironmentInternal factors: Organizational Strategies and Tactics
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ActivityActivity
Work in teamsList recent problems
At work placeAt personal life
Apply 5W 1H
12 June ‘09 9
Analytical skills Includes contextual & holistic analysis
Critical thinking,Reflective practice andLearning from experience.
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Conducting the AnalysisConducting the Analysis Analysis of the facts is required to prove
or disprove the hypotheses
Analysis provides an understanding of issues and drivers behind the problem
Various Analysis Techniques SWOT Analysis Force Field Analysis Cost Benefit Analysis Impact Analysis Pareto Analysis
Impact Analysis ToolsImpact Analysis ToolsScenario Playing – Storyboarding out how the future will
unfold between alternatives: Do Nothing vs. Solution
Cost Benefit Analysis - Used to quantify impacts
Decision Tree Analysis – Build a tree and assign probabilities to each alternative to arrive at the most likely solution
Simulation – Modeling a process and seeing how it changes when one or more variables change
Prototype Model – Build and test the solution on a small scale before implementation to flush out lessons learned
SWOT – Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities SWOT – Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities ThreatsThreats
Probably the most common analytical tool for strategic planning
Somewhat subjective Easy to understand and follow Very useful for identifying the core
competencies of any organization
Understanding the contextUnderstanding the context
Systems & Process thinking: Analyze issues from a multi-
dimensional perspective to understand their interdependent nature.
Establish linkage within issuesCarry out contextual & holistic
analysis to understand the larger environment.
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Probing SkillProbing Skill
Technique of asking question
2 Types of probesOpen ProbeClosed Probe
My friend TED
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T – TELL MET – TELL MEE – EXPLAIN E – EXPLAIN D - DESCRIBE D - DESCRIBE
Probing SkillProbing SkillFrame questions to provoke
productive debate.Question on established
work processes.Asks “why” until underlying
cause is discovered.5W 1H technique. mc
3 Lacs
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Problem SolvingProblem SolvingA “problem” can be defined in many ways. A
generic but useful definition may be a problem is “A discrepancy between an existing and
desired state of affairs”Problem identification and problem solving
are two different things“A problem well-stated is a problem half-
solved.”“A most dangerous and common trap”One of the most important and universal
concepts you will learn in this course
Problem Identification and SolvingProblem Identification and Solving1. Identify the problem (The Identification)2. Define the decision criteria (Start the Solving)3. Weight the decision criteria4. Develop alternatives5. Analyze each alternative6. Select an alternative7. Implement alternative8. Evaluate outcome of decision (End the Solving)
Which of these steps is
most important?
Some “Problems” Encountered With Some “Problems” Encountered With Problem SolvingProblem Solving
Failure to recognize existence of a problemFailure to define the correct problemFailure to use all available informationFailure to recognize and question assumptionsFailure to consider a wide range of alternativesFailure to address implementation issues
Root Cause AnalysisSymptoms
ROOT CAUSES
Symptoms
Identify symptomsTrace each
symptom back to its causes
“The Five Whys”“If there was one
thing I wish I had learned when I was younger…”
Five whys
Symptoms
Symptoms
5 Whys And The Fishbone Diagram
The 5 Whys can be used individually or as a part of the fishbone diagram.
The fishbone diagram helps you explore all potential or real causes that result in a single defect or failure.
Once all inputs are established on the fishbone, you can use the 5 Whys technique to drill down to the root causes.
Problem Analyzing and SolvingProblem Analyzing and SolvingFour Phases
Intelligence All relevant information is collected
Design Alternatives are formulated
Choice Best alternative solution is chosen
Implementation Solution is put into practice
Know the issue exactlyKnow the issue exactlyIdentify implicit assumptions in
the way problems or situations are defined or presented.Look at both sides of a coin
Generate alternative ways to view or define problems and opportunities;
Not constrained by the thoughts or approaches of others
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EXERCISEEXERCISE
What’s the biggest decision you’re facing now?
Run it through the problem-solving process with the help of analytical skills.
April 8, 2023 10:15 AM 25
Applying Analytical skillApplying Analytical skillIdentify cultural and other
organizational impediments to change.
Proactively develop strategies for dismantling obstacles.
Engage in reflective practice and learning.
Take time to share and learn from other experiences, knowledge and innovation. Also encourage others to do so.
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SummarySummaryIn this session we have learnt to:
List organizational skillsDefine Analytical SkillsUse tool for analytical thinkingSolve small or complex problemUse problem solving toolsFore see the impact of any situationBe proactive for and decision makerIdentify a formula for solving problemsDevelop creative strategies in problem solving
April 8, 2023 10:15 AM 28