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School of Education Technology , Beijing Normal University
An Organization Model for Ubiquitous Learning Resource
Shengquan Yu [email protected]
http://www.etc.edu.cn
Apr, 2012, Beijing
Sorry, my English is poor, I
prepared the presentation in
English, but I will talk with Chinese.
Research Questions
Progresses of Learning Resource Sharing Technologies
Reusable
Learning Unit
SCORM
Learning objects
IMS LD
Learning activities
Share of learning
content
Engineering methods and
standards for learning content
sharing
share of education strategies
and learning designsFuture path?
�How to share generative information during learning process
�How to evolve learning content to adapt to all personalized demands?
�How to share social cognition network as well as resources?
�How to share interactive learning tools?
�How to implement content aggregation based semantic technology?
�How to relate learning processes?
Ubiquitous Learning
• On demand: Anytime, Anywhere, Mobile…
But more:
• Social
• Situated
• Context awareness
• Adaptive
Learning Resource Needed in
Ubiquitous Learning
• Anything about everything(泛在学习需要无处不在的
海量学习资源)
• Adaptive: learning needs & all kinds of devices(需要适
应性的学习资源)
• Collective intelligences(需要“人”的资源,需要共享社
会认知网络)
• Evolutive resources(需要可进化的学习资源)
• Situated Knowledge: help learner solve real similar
problems(需要情境化的学习资源)
Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies
• Born in Web1.0 era
• Only supports one-way information
communication
• More focus on formal learning, less on
informal learning
Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies
• Emphasize learning resources and activities
sharing in a close structure
– Ignores the continuous updating of learning
resources
– Ignores dynamic and generative connection of
learning resources
– Not able to share learning tools and activities in
open environment
Human factors are ignored in Learning resources
• Ignores building up dynamic relationships
between learners and teachers with learning
resources
• Effective learning cannot happen with only
learning objects
• P2C(People to Content)� P2P(People to
People)
The static, hierarchical aggregation model cannot
cater for personalized learning
• Existing learning resources are based on static meta
data, not able to extend according to different
disciplines and application scenarios
• The organization of learning resources is based on
tree-structure, not able to support network based
knowledge deployment,
• Not suitable for micro-sized and highly discrete
generative content
• Needs more emphasize on the intelligence, context-
awareness and adaptability of u-learning resources
Proposal of Learning Cell
The organizational model and key technologies
of u-Learning resource
This research try to
proposal a new kind of
learning source
organizing model——
Learn Cell
The Concept and Architecture of
Leaning Cell
The Concept of ”Learning Cell”
• The meaning of “cell”
– Component: learning cells can compose higher-level
learning resources, like a cell(标准化特征)
– Origin : learning cells grow from small to big, from weak
to strong , like a cell(可成长特征)
– Nerve cell: unite to get intelligence, like cells(可联接
的集体智慧特征)
Core Design ideas of Learning Cell
• Generative & Evolvable
• Cohesive
• Social
• Open
• Context aware
• AccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibility
• AdaptabilityAdaptabilityAdaptabilityAdaptability
• AffordabilityAffordabilityAffordabilityAffordability
• DurabilityDurabilityDurabilityDurability
• InteroperabilityInteroperabilityInteroperabilityInteroperability
• ReusabilityReusabilityReusabilityReusability
Including the character of Learning ObjectIncluding the character of Learning ObjectIncluding the character of Learning ObjectIncluding the character of Learning Object
The Ubiquitous Learning Process based on
Learning Cell
Ubiquitous Learning
Mobile phone scree Television screenVisual screenComputer screen
Delivering Learning Service
Adaptive DisplaySkim, Interaction
Delivering Interpersonal NetworkDelivering Learning Resources
Delivering the SocialCognitiveNetwork behind ResourcesService Interface
Educational Cloud Computing Cernter
Runtime Environment Architecture
Learning Cell
Repository
Content
StorageCall
Back to
Learning cell
Connecting
Recording
Learning Interactive
Learning Tools & KNS
Learning Portfolio
Edit tools
Create
Create
Aggregate to Course
Learning Environment
Inquire & Learn
Design ideas: Open
Structure of Learning cell
LearningContent
GenerativeInformation Running
Environ
ment for Learning
Cell
LearningTools
Update
Records
Open Tools form Other Websites
Learner
Ontology
Open Structure
CreateEdit
LearningActivity
Integrating Learning Activity into
Learning Content
Objective instruction
Learning content
Learning activities
Practice Assessment
Tool Base:
BBS
Interactive Q&A
Online survey
Online quiz
Subject tool
……
Learning Content
Learning Activity
Open APIs to link external learning
ecosystem
Opensocial
Open services
• Runtime information communication through
open services
– “Learning cell” is open structured, and can communicate with
other applications and share information
– Resource sharing over organizations and systems
Run T
ime
Enviro
nm
ent
Learning Cell Service tool
library
Information
needed by
learning
cells
1
2 3
45
tell grab
getput in
(or link)
Learning
cell
service
Design ideas: Evolvable
Make learning resources evolve orderly
• Learning Resource is Not Presetting,
But Generating!
The evolution of resources
– Save procedural information when learning resources
are used.
– Elements of learning cells include current version
information, editing process description(e.g.: notes or
revisions) and past versions.
– The evolution and development is not aimlessly ,but in
a structured and aggregated way, which is related to
the interior knowledge structure model
1
2009-03-122009-03-12 2009-04-072009-04-07 2009-04-282009-04-28 2009-05-092009-05-09
time
2 3 4
the Growth of Knowledge
the Growth of Collective Intellgence
• Describe users and editors in LCs, relate physical
resources to human resources
• Making LMSs share social network as well as physical
resources through sharing LCs between cross-
domain systems
the Growth of Knowledge
Using semantic technology to represent,
inquiry and reasoning knowledge
Design ideas: Cohesive
Resource organization based on knowledge ontology
Learning Cells can Aggregating to
Knowledge Group & Knowledge Cloud
Knowledge Group
Knowledge Group
Knowledge Cloud
Aggregation Model
• Different from tree structure of learning objects’
aggregation model, the aggregation model of “learning
cell” is a dynamic network
• From resource organization to knowledge organization;
From linear tree-form structure to network structure
Net-Structured Aggregation Model
• The formation of dynamic link– Creators of learning cells aggregate related learning cells
into a larger knowledge network
– Users of learning cells discover related learning cells or other learning resources during learning process, and put them in a personalized knowledge network
– By setting subject keywords, similar learning cells and resources are searched automatically with the assistance of some semantic analysis functions to find new links
– Analyze intelligently other learning cells that users have visited, to find out related element and form links
– Users can find learning partners through links of learning cells to form social network links among users
Semantic Navigation
• Visual tag navigator
Visual tag navigator
Domain resource aggregation
based Semantic Technology
Design ideas: Social
Emphasize the connections between
resources and users
We learn not only from content
.htm
.htm
.htm
.jpg
.jpg
.doc
.htm
.msg
.htm
.htm
But also from people connected
with the content
.htm
.jpg
.doc
.xls
.msg.htm
.htm
.jpg
.msg
.htm
Rout
er
Switch
Knowledge become the connecting path,
from SNS to KNS
Design ideas: Context aware
Knowledg
e ontology practice
content
assessment activiti
es
Generative
information
Metadata,
aggregation model
Multiple
format
Service interface
Learning cells stored
in cloud-computing
environment
Co-editing,
Learning activities,
Communication service,
Test & Assessment
Editing
records
Usage
records
Learning
community
Assessment
recordsActivity
records
Generative
information
Sharable
learning
resources
Glacier Model
of” learning cell”
Content Adapt According Context
Knowledge
ontology
PracticeContent
AssessmentActivities
Generative
information
Metadata,
aggregation model
Multiple
format
Content stored in cloud-computing environment
Co-editing,
Learning activities,
Communication service,
Test & AssessmentEditing
records
Usage
records
Learning
community
Assessment
recordsActivity
records
Generative
information
Sharable
learning
resources
Service interface
Learning cell
Request ContextLearning Cell
using dynamic
structure
Content Adapt According Context
Principle of
Account Balance
Learning Cases
Trading
Company
Case
High-tech
Company
Case
Advisory
Company
Case
Manufacturing
Company Case
Referred by an
accountant in
Trading Company
Referred by an
accountant in
Trading Company
Referred by an
accountant in
Advisory Company
Referred by an
accountant in
Manufacturing Company
Adaptive Different Cloudy Terminals
Dynamic Display Structure
Electronic Books Display
Web Pages Display
Templates
center3D Display
Inquire
Type
Presentation
Type
Intractive
Type
Multi
Formats
Learning Cell
Web Pages Format Android App Format
Electronic Books Format
Learning pattern
– Learning by reading/ learning by listening/ learning by watching (接受中学)
– Learning by doing/ acting (做中学)
– Learning by connecting(联系中学)
– Learning by re-organizing(重构中学)
– Learning Comparing(同题异解,在比较中学)
– Learning by reflection(反思中学)
– Learning by communicating(交流中学)
– Learning by teaching(教中学)
– Learning by creating(创造中学)
Information Model of Learning Cell
学习元与学习对象的多维比较
学习对象学习对象学习对象学习对象 学习元学习元学习元学习元
历史背景历史背景历史背景历史背景 解决 e-Learning 领域教育资源的混乱无序、独
占隔离、简单重复、缺乏共享、低效检索等问题;
面向对象计算机科学思想的引入
语义网、云计算、普适计算等新技术的涌现与发展;网
络教学范式的转变
概念及特征概念及特征概念及特征概念及特征 强调可重用、数字化、支持学习;
可访问性、适应性、可承受性、持久性、互操作、
重用性
强调重用、进化、智能、人际网络、过程性信息;
生成性、开放性、联通性、社会性、进化发展、内聚性、
智能性、微型化
学习理念学习理念学习理念学习理念 行为主义和认知主义学习理论 社会建构主义、情景认知理论
信息组织信息组织信息组织信息组织 他组织、单向信息传递 自组织、双向信息传递
信息模型信息模型信息模型信息模型 以学习内容为核心 学习内容基础上附件学习活动、生成性信息、KNS 和语
义本体
存储结构存储结构存储结构存储结构 单点独立存储 云存储模型
质量控制质量控制质量控制质量控制 专门的资源建设团队控制质量 基于社会信任机制的质量控制、知识本体控制
共享范围共享范围共享范围共享范围 低层次的内容共享 高层次的教学智慧共享,包括学习活动、学习工具、人
际信息、学习的过程性信息等
Summary�Learning cell……
� Extends shareable learning resources in space dimension
� Extends shareable learning resources in time dimension
� Adopts semantic aggregation mode, integrating content provided by
different learners according to certain knowledge structure, which is a
more practical resource sharing and co-editing mode.
� Utilizing cloud-computing and SOA technologies, making the platform
highly open and extensible; On one hand, learning cells that are
deposited in distributed devices and systems can be shared; on the
other hand, it supports plug-in tools, providing multiple content and
functions.
• Projects– CETV: “New Media Learning Supermarket”
– Higher Education Press: ”Knowledge Community”
– NSFC : Learning Resource Design and Sharing in Ubiquitous Learning
Environment
Research progress
Research progress
• Prototype system of learning cell
——English version &Chinese version
• Website: http://lcell.bnu.edu.cn
Learning Cell
Knowledge Group Knowledge Cloud
Learning Community
Space
Learning Tools
Collective Learning Environment
Personal Learning Environment
Research progress• Append learning activities and resources
Research progress• Knowledge network service
Research progress• Visual Knowledge Network
Research progress• Visual Interpersonal Network
Research progress• Collaborative editing
Research progress• Micro-annotation
Research progress• Visual history version
Research progress• Version comparison
Research progress• Embed into your blog: KGroup Embeder
Research progress• Collaborative building of knowledge ontology
Research progress• Visual relation edit
Research progress• Visual tag cluster
Research progress• Visual tag navigator
Research progress• Visual tag navigator
Research progress• Domain resource aggregation(领域资源聚合)
Research progress• Open gadget tools
Adaptive Display
Research progress• Split Scorm package to Learning Cells
Thanks for your comment!
Prototype system: : : : http://http://http://http://http://http://http://http://lcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cn