An Analytical Study of WTO on the Indian Agriculture Sectorshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/44765/1/final ph.d thesi… · Kumar, Munna Ram, Abhishek Jaiswal, Saima Dilsad,

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An Analytical Study of WTO on the

Indian Agriculture Sector

Thesis

Submitted to the University of Lucknow

for the Award of the Degree of

Doctor of Philosophy in

Applied Economics

Submitted by

Vijay Kumar

Under the Supervision of

Dr. V. K. Goswami Ph.D., D. Litt.

Associate Professor at Department of Applied Economics,

University of Lucknow

Submitted to the

Department of Applied Economics,

Faculty of Commerce,

University of Lucknow,

Lucknow, India

2014

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Dr. V. K. Goswami,

Associate Professor

UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW Department of Applied Economics,

Lucknow, U.P., India

Mobile No.: +919415458594

E-mail: [email protected]

Date: 04-Nov-2014

CERTIFICATE BY SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that Mr. Vijay Kumar, a Ph.D. candidate

at the Department of Applied Economics, University of

Lucknow, Lucknow, India has completed his doctoral thesis

on An Analytical Study of WTO on the Indian Agriculture

Sector under my supervision and guidance.

The thesis has been submitted for the award of the degree

of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Applied Economics of

University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.

The thesis contains the original work of the candidate

(except quotations & citations), which is neither accepted nor

rejected for any other degree/diploma or for requirement of

any academic distinction.

(V. K. GOSWAMI)

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DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE

I, Vijay Kumar, a Ph.D. candidate at the Department of

Applied Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow,

India hereby solemnly declare that I have completed my

doctoral thesis on An Analytical Study of WTO on the

Indian Agriculture Sector under supervision and guidance of

Dr. V. K. Goswami, Associate Professor, Department of

Applied Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow,

India.

The thesis has been submitted for the award of the degree

of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Applied Economics of

University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.

The thesis contains my original work (except quotations

& citations), which is neither accepted nor rejected for any

other degree/diploma or for requirement of any academic

distinction.

(VIJAY KUMAR)

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Copyright ©

(2014) by

Vijay Kumar

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I DEDICATE MY WORK TO MY FAMILY

my parents;

Smt. Poonam

and

Shri Raj Kumar

and brother

Ravi Kumar

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Acknowledgement

First of All I want to express my heart full thanks to Supervisor of my

Ph.D. research work Dr. V. K. Goswami, Associate Professor, Department

of Applied Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow. He helped me at

each and every stage of my research work and sincerely guides me about all

the issue and new dimensions of research work.

I am thankful to all faculty members of Dept. of Applied Economics,

University of Lucknow, Lucknow viz. Prof. Madhurima (Head of

Department), Dr. Archana Singh, Dr. Rachna Mujju, for their extended

support for this research effort.

I am thankful to Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Govt.

of India for funding for my doctoral research and University Grants

Commission, New Delhi for timely disbursement of my fellowship.

I am thankful to Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR),

New Delhi for funding various Workshops I attended during my Doctoral

research.

I‟m thankful to my brothers Mr. Ravi Kumar, M.Tech. Candidate at

BBAU, Lucknow & Mr. Aditya Kumar, B.Tech. Candidate at BBDNIIT,

Lucknow, for assisting me in data feeding.

I am thankful to all the members of university administration who for

extending its support for this research effort.

My thanks is also due to all members of non-teaching staff who

assisted/supported me in the preparation of my doctoral thesis or otherwise.

Some of my dear friends Rupali Sharma, Ashutosh Arun, Shiv

Kumar, Munna Ram, Abhishek Jaiswal, Saima Dilsad, Mehwesh Rizvi,

Bheemvrat Pratap Singh, etc. helped me for the completion of my research

work and most likely there present for entertainment, Mind refreshment

keeps me healthy for the best quality research work.

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I am also thankful to all those who contributed in this research effort

otherwise.

Finally, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible

without the love, support and encouragement of my family members.

(VIJAY KUMAR)

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List of Content

Sl. No. Topic Page

No.

I Title Page

II Certificate by Supervisor 02

III Declaration by Candidate 03

IV Acknowledgement 06

V List of Content 08

VI List of Tables 13

VII List of Figures 22

VIII List of Acronyms 23

1 Introduction 25

1.1 Introduction to Indian Agriculture Sector 25

1.2 Agriculture Role in Gross Domestic Product in India 26

1.3 Globalization Need for International Trade 29

1.4 View Points for the Dark side of International and Trade

Globalization

32

1.5 An Overview of World trade 33

1.6 International Trade in Agriculture Sector in India 34

1.7 India‟s Foreign Trade 36

2 Review of Literature 38

3 Research Methodology 55

3.1 Need of the Study 55

3.2 Objectives of the Study 55

3.3 Research Hypotheses 56

3.4 Research Methodology 60

3.4.1 Research Design 60

3.4.2 Data Collection Procedures 60

3.4.2.1 Published Sources 60

3.4.2.2 Unpublished Sources 61

3.4.3 Analysis of Data 61

3.5 Limitations of the Study 61

3.6 Significance of the Study 62

4 World Trade Organization (WTO) 63

4.1 Importance of the International Rules by International Body 63

4.2 Story from 1994 – The Process of GATT Formation 63

4.3 Bretton Woods Conference 64

4.3.1 World Bank 65

4.3.2 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 65

4.3.3 International Trade Organization (ITO) 65

4.4 General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) 66

4.5 Brief History of All Negotiating Rounds 66

4.6 How Much GATT Succeed 71

4.7 World Trade Organization – WTO (1995) 73

4.7.1 Rule, Regulation and Principles of WTO Law 77

4.7.2 Sources of the Law of World Trade Organization 77

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4.7.2.1 Marrakesh Agreement 78

4.7.3 Structure or Hierarchy of World Trade Organization (WTO) 80

4.7.4 Ministerial Conferences 80

4.7.5 General Councils 81

4.7.6 Trade Policy Review Policy 82

4.7.7 Dispute Settlement Body 82

4.7.8 Councils on Trade in Goods and Services 83

4.7.9 Director General and Secretariats 84

4.7.10 Committee on Trade and Development and Committee on

Trade and Environment

84

4.7.11 Organization Chart of World Trade Organization (WTO) 85

4.8 Functions of the World Trade Organization 85

5 Indian Agriculture Sector 88

5.1 Agriculture Sector (Types, Season, Production) in India 88

5.1.1 Cereals or Grain Crops 88

5.1.2 Horticultural Crops 88

5.2 Seasons of Crop 89

5.3 National Food Security Mission (NFSM) 89

5.4 Aggregate Growth Rates of Principle Crops 90

5.5 Economic Indicators of Interest 92

5.6 Year-Wise Expenditure of Department of Agriculture and

Cooperation

94

5.7 Outlays / Expenditure under Agriculture & Allied Activities 95

5.8 Percentage Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Factor

Cost

98

5.9 Plan-wise Share of Public Sector Outlays and Expenditure

under Agriculture and Allied Activities

99

5.10 Comparison of States Outlay and Expenditure for Eleventh and

Twelfth Plan

100

6. Analysis of Data 103

6.1 Regression for Production of Cereal Crops 103

6.1.1 Regression for Production of Rice 103

6.1.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Rice 104

6.1.1.2 Testing of Hypothesis using F Test for the Regression for

Production of Rice

104

6.1.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rice 105

6.1.2 Regression for Production of Wheat 106

6.1.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Wheat 107


Production of Wheat

107

6.1.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Wheat 108

6.1.3 Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals 109

6.1.3.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals 111


Production of Coarse Cereals

111

6.1.3.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals 111

6.2 Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals 112

6.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals 114

6.2.2 Testing of Hypothesis using F Test for the Regression for 114

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Production of Coarse Cereals

6.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals 114

6.3 Regression for Production of other Food Grains 116

6.3.1 Regression for Production of Pulses 116

6.3.1.1 F Test for the Regression for production of Pulses 117


production of Pulses

117

6.3.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for production of Pulses 118

6.3.2 Regression for Production of Total Food Grains 119

6.3.2.1 Regression for Production of Total Food Grains 120


Production of Total Food Grains

121

6.3.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total Food

Grains

121

6.4 Regression for Production of Oilseeds 122

6.4.1 Regression for Production of Groundnut 122

6.4.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Groundnut 124


Production of Groundnut

124

6.4.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Groundnut 124

6.4.2 Regression for Production of Rapeseed & Mustard 126

6.4.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Rapeseed &

Mustard

127


Production of Rapeseed & Mustard

128

6.4.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rapeseed &

Mustard

128

6.4.3 Regression for Production of Soya bean 129

6.4.3.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Soya bean 131


Production of Soya bean

131

6.4.3.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Soya bean 131

6.4.4 Regression for Production of Oilseeds 133

6.4.4.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Oilseeds 134


Production of Oilseeds

134

6.4.4.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Oilseeds 134

6.5 Regression for Production of Edibles 136

6.5.1 Regression for Production of Coffee 136

6.5.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Coffee 137


Production of Coffee

137

6.5.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coffee 138

6.5.2 Regression for Production of Sugarcane 139

6.5.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Sugarcane 140


Production of Sugarcane

141

6.5.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Sugarcane 141

6.5.3 F Test for the Regression for Production of Tea 142

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Production of Tea

143


Production of Tea

144

6.5.3.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tea 144

6.5.4 Regression for Production of Tobacco 145

6.5.4.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Tobacco 147


Production of Tobacco

147

6.5.4.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tobacco 147

6.6 Regression for Production of Textile Inputs 148

6.6.1 Regression for Production of Cotton 148

6.6.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Cotton 150


Production of Cotton

150

6.6.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Cotton 150

6.6.2 Regression for Production of Raw Jute & Mesta 152

6.6.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Raw Jute & Mesta 153


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

153

6.6.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Raw Jute &

Mesta

154

6.7 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in

Andhra Pradesh

155


Arunachal Pradesh

164


Assam

171


Bihar (and Jharkhand)

180


Goa

190


Gujarat

195


Haryana

203


Himachal Pradesh

211


Jammu & Kashmir

219


Karnataka

227


Kerala

236


Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh

243


Maharashtra

253

6.20 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in 262

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Manipur


Meghalaya

265


Mizoram

278


Nagaland

285


Odisha

294


Punjab

303


Rajasthan

311


Sikkim

320


Tamil Nadu

326


Tripura

335


Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

344


West Bengal

354


All States

363


Union Territories

373


Whole India

381

7 Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations 391

7.1 Findings 391

7.1.1 Findings for Hypotheses Testing 391

7.1.2 Findings for Agriculture Production in India 394

7.2 Conclusion 395

7.2.1 Conclusion for Hypotheses Testing 395

7.2.2 Conclusion for Agriculture Production in India 399

X Bibliography 402

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List of Tables

Sl. No. Table Page

No.

I List of Content 08

II List of Tables 13

III List of Figures 22

IV List of Acronyms 23

1.1 India‟s Position at World Level 25

1.2.1 Agriculture Sector: Key Indicator (% at 2004-05 prices) 26

1.2.2 Agricultural Production – Food Grains 27

1.5 Trends in Growth in Trade Volumes 34

1.6 India‟s Imports and Exports of Agricultural Commodities 35


4.5 GATT and WTO Negotiating Rounds of Multilateral

Trade Liberalization

67

4.4 Key Dates of Uruguay Round of WTO 70

4.7.4 Ministerial Conferences Held from December 1996 till

Present

81

5.1.1 Types of Crops in India 88

5.1.2 Types of Horticulture Crops 89

5.2 Season of Crops in India 89

5.4 Aggregate Growth Rates of Principle Crops 92

5.5 Statistical Data of Selected Economic Indicators in India 93

5.6 Year-wise Expenditure of Department of Agriculture and

Cooperation

95

5.7 Outlays / Expenditure under Agriculture & Allied

Activities

97

5.8 Percentage Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at

Factor Cost

98

5.9 Plan-wise Share of Public Sector Outlays and Expenditure


100

5.10 Comparison of States Outlay and Expenditure for

Eleventh and Twelfth Plan

102

6.1.1.1 Descriptive Statistics for Rice 103

6.1.1.2 Pearson Correlations for Rice 104

6.1.1.3 Regression Model Summary for Rice 104

6.1.1.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rice 105

6.1.1.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Rice 105

6.1.2.1 Descriptive Statistics for Wheat 106

6.1.2.2 Pearson Correlations for Wheat 106

6.1.2.3 Regression Model Summary for Wheat 107

6.1.2.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Wheat 108

6.1.2.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Wheat 109

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6.1.3.1 Descriptive Statistics for Coarse Cereals 109

6.1.3.2 Pearson Correlations for Coarse Cereals 110

6.1.3.3 Regression Model Summary for Coarse Cereals 110

6.1.3.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coarse

Cereals

111

6.1.3.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Coarse Cereals 112

6.2.1 Descriptive Statistics for Total Cereals 113

6.2.2 Pearson Correlations for Total Cereals 113

6.2.3 Regression Model Summary for Total Cereals 113

6.2.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total

Cereals

115

6.2.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Total Cereals 115

6.3.1.1 Descriptive Statistics for Pulses 116

6.3.1.2 Pearson Correlations for Pulses 116

6.3.1.3 Regression Model Summary for Pulses 117

6.3.1.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Pulses 118

6.3.1.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Pulses 118

6.4.1.1 Descriptive Statistics for Total Food Grains 123

6.4.1.2 Pearson Correlations for Total Food Grains 123

6.4.1.3 Regression Model Summary for Total Food Grains 123

6.4.1.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total Food

Grains

125

6.4.1.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Total Food Grains 125

6.4.2.1 Descriptive Statistics for Groundnut 126

6.4.2.2 Pearson Correlations for Groundnut 126

6.4.2.3 Regression Model Summary for Groundnut 127

6.4.2.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Groundnut 128

6.4.2.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Groundnut 129

6.4.3.1 Descriptive Statistics for Rapeseed & Mustard 130

6.4.3.2 Pearson Correlations for Rapeseed & Mustard 130

6.4.3.3 Regression Model Summary for Rapeseed & Mustard 130

6.4.3.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rapeseed

& Mustard

132

6.4.3.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Rapeseed &

Mustard

132

6.4.4.1 Descriptive Statistics for Soya bean 133

6.4.4.2 Pearson Correlations for Soya bean 133

6.4.4.3 Regression Model Summary for Soya bean 134

6.4.4.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Soya bean 135

6.4.4.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Soya bean 135

6.5.1.1 Descriptive Statistics for Oilseeds 136

6.5.1.2 Pearson Correlations for Oilseeds 136

6.5.1.3 Regression Model Summary for Oilseeds 137

6.5.1.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Oilseeds 138

6.5.1.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Oilseeds 138

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6.5.2.1 Descriptive Statistics for Coffee 139

6.5.2.2 Pearson Correlations for Coffee 139

6.5.2.3 Regression Model Summary for Coffee 140

6.5.2.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coffee 141

6.5.2.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Coffee 142

6.5.3.1 Descriptive Statistics for Sugarcane 142

6.5.3.2 Pearson Correlations for Sugarcane 143

6.5.3.3 Regression Model Summary for Sugarcane 143

6.5.3.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production Sugarcane of 144

6.5.3.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Sugarcane 145

6.5.4.1 Descriptive Statistics for Tea 145

6.5.4.2 Pearson Correlations for Tea 146

6.5.4.3 Regression Model Summary for Tea 146

6.5.4.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tea 147

6.5.4.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Tea 148

6.6.1.1 Descriptive Statistics for Tobacco 149

6.6.1.2 Pearson Correlations for Tobacco 149

6.6.1.3 Regression Model Summary for Tobacco 149

6.6.1.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tobacco 150

6.6.1.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Tobacco 151

6.6.2.1 Descriptive Statistics for Cotton 152

6.6.2.2 Pearson Correlations for Cotton 152

6.6.2.3 Regression Model Summary for Cotton 153

6.6.2.4 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Cotton 154

6.6.2.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Cotton 154

6.7.1 Production of Rice in Andhra Pradesh 156

6.7.2 Production of Wheat in Andhra Pradesh 157

6.7.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Andhra Pradesh 158

6.7.4 Production of Pulses in Andhra Pradesh 159

6.7.5 Production of Food Grains in Andhra Pradesh 160

6.7.6 Production of Oilseeds in Andhra Pradesh 161

6.7.7 Production of Cotton in Andhra Pradesh 162

6.7.8 Production of Sugarcane in Andhra Pradesh 163

6.7.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Andhra Pradesh 164

6.8.1 Production of Rice in Arunachal Pradesh 165

6.8.2 Production of Wheat in Arunachal Pradesh 166

6.8.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Arunachal Pradesh 167

6.8.4 Production of Pulses in Arunachal Pradesh 168

6.8.5 Production of Food Grains in Arunachal Pradesh 169

6.8.6 Production of Oilseeds in Arunachal Pradesh 170

6.8.7 Production of Cotton in Arunachal Pradesh 171

6.8.8 Production of Sugarcane in Arunachal Pradesh 171

6.9.1 Production of Rice in Assam 172

6.9.2 Production of Wheat in Assam 173

6.9.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Assam 174

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6.9.4 Production of Pulses in Assam 175

6.9.5 Production of Food Grains in Assam 176

6.9.6 Production of Oilseeds in Assam 177

6.9.7 Production of Cotton in Assam 178

6.9.8 Production of Sugarcane in Assam 179

6.9.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Assam 180

6.10.1 Production of Rice in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 181

6.10.2 Production of Wheat in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 182

6.10.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 183

6.10.4 Production of Pulses in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 184

6.10.5 Production of Food Grains in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 185

6.10.6 Production of Oilseeds in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 186

6.10.7 Production of Oilseeds in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 187

6.10.8 Production of Sugarcane in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 188

6.10.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Bihar (and Jharkhand) 189

6.11.1 Production of Rice in Goa 191

6.11.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Goa 191

6.11.3 Production of Pulses in Goa 192

6.11.4 Production of Food Grains in Goa 193

6.11.5 Production of Oilseeds in Goa 194

6.11.6 Production of Sugarcane in Goa 195

6.12.1 Production of Rice in Gujarat 196

6.12.2 Production of Wheat in Gujarat 197

6.12.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Gujarat 198

6.12.4 Production of Pulses in Gujarat 199

6.12.5 Production of Food Grains in Gujarat 200

6.12.6 Production of Oilseeds in Gujarat 201

6.12.7 Production of Cotton in Gujarat 202

6.12.8 Production of Sugarcane in Gujarat 203

6.13.1 Production of Rice in Haryana 204

6.13.2 Production of Wheat in Haryana 205

6.13.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Haryana 206

6.13.4 Production of Pulses in Haryana 207

6.13.5 Production of Food Grains in Haryana 208

6.13.6 Production of Oilseeds in Haryana 209

6.13.7 Production of Cotton in Haryana 210

6.13.8 Production of Sugarcane in Haryana 211

6.14.1 Production of Rice in Himachal Pradesh 212

6.14.2 Production of Wheat in Himachal Pradesh 213

6.14.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Himachal Pradesh 214

6.14.4 Production of Pulses in Himachal Pradesh 215

6.14.5 Production of Food Grains in Himachal Pradesh 216

6.14.6 Production of Oilseeds in Himachal Pradesh 217

6.14.7 Production of Cotton in Himachal Pradesh 218

6.14.8 Production of Sugarcane in Himachal Pradesh 219

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6.15.1 Production of Rice in Jammu & Kashmir 220

6.15.2 Production of Wheat in Jammu & Kashmir 221

6.15.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Jammu & Kashmir 222

6.15.4 Production of Pulses in Jammu & Kashmir 223

6.15.5 Production of Food Grains in Jammu & Kashmir 224

6.15.6 Production of Oilseeds in Jammu & Kashmir 225

6.15.7 Production of Cotton in Jammu & Kashmir 226

6.15.8 Production of Sugarcane in Jammu & Kashmir 227

6.16.1 Production of Rice in Karnataka 228

6.16.2 Production of Wheat in Karnataka 229

6.16.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Karnataka 230

6.16.4 Production of Pulses in Karnataka 231

6.16.5 Production of Food Grains in Karnataka 232

6.16.6 Production of Oilseeds in Karnataka 233

6.16.7 Production of Cotton in Karnataka 234

6.16.8 Production of Sugarcane in Karnataka 235

6.16.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Karnataka 236

6.17.1 Production of Rice in Kerala 237

6.17.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Kerala 238

6.17.3 Production of Pulses in Kerala 239

6.17.4 Production of Food Grains in Kerala 240

6.17.5 Production of Oilseeds in Kerala 241

6.17.6 Production of Cotton in Kerala 242

6.17.7 Production of Sugarcane in Kerala 243

6.18.1 Production of Rice in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) 244

6.18.2 Production of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

245

6.18.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

246

6.18.4 Production of Pulses in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

247

6.18.5 Production of Food Grains in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

248

6.18.6 Production of Oilseeds in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

249

6.18.7 Production of Cotton in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

250

6.18.8 Production of Sugarcane in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

252

6.18.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

253

6.19.1 Production of Rice in Maharashtra 254

6.19.2 Production of Wheat in Maharashtra 255

6.19.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Maharashtra 256

6.19.4 Production of Pulses in Maharashtra 257

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6.19.5 Production of Food Grains in Maharashtra 258

6.19.6 Production of Oilseeds in Maharashtra 259

6.19.7 Production of Cotton in Maharashtra 260

6.19.8 Production of Sugarcane in Maharashtra 261

6.19.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Maharashtra 262

6.20.1 Production of Rice in Manipur 263

6.20.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Manipur 264

6.20.3 Production of Pulses in Manipur 265

6.20.4 Production of Food Grains in Manipur 266

6.20.5 Production of Oilseeds in Manipur 267

6.20.6 Production of Cotton in Manipur 268

6.20.7 Production of Sugarcane in Manipur 269

6.21.1 Production of Rice in Meghalaya 270

6.21.2 Production of Wheat in Meghalaya 271

6.21.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Meghalaya 272

6.21.4 Production of Pulses in Meghalaya 273

6.21.5 Production of Food Grains in Meghalaya 274

6.21.6 Production of Oilseeds in Meghalaya 275

6.21.7 Production of Cotton in Meghalaya 276

6.21.8 Production of Sugarcane in Meghalaya 277

6.21.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Meghalaya 278

6.22.1 Production of Rice in Mizoram 279

6.22.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Mizoram 280

6.22.3 Production of Pulses in Mizoram 281

6.22.4 Production of Food Grains in Mizoram 282

6.22.5 Production of Oilseeds in Mizoram 283

6.22.6 Production of Cotton in Mizoram 284

6.22.7 Production of Sugarcane in Mizoram 285

6.23.1 Production of Rice in Nagaland 286

6.23.2 Production of Wheat in Nagaland 287

6.23.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Nagaland 288

6.23.4 Production of Pulses in Nagaland 289

6.23.5 Production of Food Grains in Nagaland 290

6.23.6 Production of Oilseeds in Nagaland 291

6.23.7 Production of Cotton in Nagaland 292

6.23.8 Production of Sugarcane in Nagaland 293

6.23.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Nagaland 294

6.24.1 Production of Rice in Odisha 295

6.24.2 Production of Wheat in Odisha 296

6.24.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Odisha 297

6.24.4 Production of Pulses in Odisha 298

6.24.5 Production of Food Grains in Odisha 299

6.24.6 Production of Oilseeds in Odisha 300

6.24.7 Production of Cotton in Odisha 301

6.24.8 Production of Sugarcane in Odisha 302

Page | 19

6.24.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Odisha 303

6.25.1 Production of Rice in Punjab 304

6.25.2 Production of Wheat in Punjab 305

6.25.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Punjab 306

6.25.4 Production of Pulses in Punjab 307

6.25.5 Production of Food Grains in Punjab 308

6.25.6 Production of Oilseeds in Punjab 309

6.25.7 Production of Cotton in Punjab 310

6.25.8 Production of Sugarcane in Punjab 311

6.26.1 Production of Rice in Rajasthan 312

6.26.2 Production of Wheat in Rajasthan 313

6.26.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Rajasthan 314

6.26.4 Production of Pulses in Rajasthan 315

6.26.5 Production of Food Grains in Rajasthan 316

6.26.6 Production of Oilseeds in Rajasthan 317

6.26.7 Production of Cotton in Rajasthan 318

6.26.8 Production of Sugarcane in Rajasthan 319

6.26.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Rajasthan 320

6.27.1 Production of Rice in Sikkim 321

6.27.2 Production of Wheat in Sikkim 322

6.27.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Sikkim 323

6.27.4 Production of Pulses in Sikkim 324

6.27.5 Production of Food Grains in Sikkim 325

6.27.6 Production of Oilseeds in Sikkim 326

6.28.1 Production of Rice in Tamil Nadu 327

6.28.2 Production of Wheat in Tamil Nadu 328

6.28.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Tamil Nadu 329

6.28.4 Production of Pulses in Tamil Nadu 330

6.28.5 Production of Food Grains in Tamil Nadu 331

6.28.6 Production of Oilseeds in Tamil Nadu 332

6.28.7 Production of Cotton in Tamil Nadu 333

6.28.8 Production of Sugarcane in Tamil Nadu 334

6.28.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Tamil Nadu 335

6.29.1 Production of Rice in Tripura 336

6.29.2 Production of Wheat in Tripura 337

6.29.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Tripura 338

6.29.4 Production of Pulses in Tripura 339

6.29.5 Production of Food Grains in Tripura 340

6.29.6 Production of Oilseeds in Tripura 341

6.29.7 Production of Cotton in Tripura 342

6.29.8 Production of Sugarcane in Tripura 343

6.29.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Tripura 344

6.30.1 Production of Rice in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) 345

6.30.2 Production of Wheat in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) 346

Page | 20

6.30.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

347

6.30.4 Production of Pulses in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) 348

6.30.5 Production of Food Grains in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

350

6.30.6 Production of Oilseeds in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

351

6.30.7 Production of Cotton in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) 352

6.30.8 Production of Sugarcane in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

353

6.30.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

354

6.31.1 Production of Rice in West Bengal 355

6.31.2 Production of Wheat in West Bengal 356

6.31.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in West Bengal 357

6.31.4 Production of Pulses in West Bengal 358

6.31.5 Production of Food Grains in West Bengal 359

6.31.6 Production of Oilseeds in West Bengal 360

6.31.7 Production of Cotton in West Bengal 361

6.31.8 Production of Sugarcane in West Bengal 362

6.31.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in West Bengal 363

6.32.1 Production of Rice in All States 364

6.32.2 Production of Wheat in All States 365

6.32.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in All States 366

6.32.4 Production of Pulses in All States 367

6.32.5 Production of Food Grains in All States 368

6.32.6 Production of Oilseeds in All States 369

6.32.7 Production of Cotton in All States 370

6.32.8 Production of Sugarcane in All States 371

6.32.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in All States 372

6.33.1 Production of Rice in Union Territories 373

6.33.2 Production of Wheat in Union Territories 374

6.33.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Union Territories 376

6.33.4 Production of Pulses in Union Territories 376

6.33.5 Production of Food Grains in Union Territories 378

6.33.6 Production of Oilseeds in Union Territories 379

6.33.7 Production of Cotton in Union Territories 379

6.33.8 Production of Sugarcane in Union Territories 381

6.33.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Union Territories 381

6.34.1 Production of Rice in Whole India 382

6.34.2 Production of Wheat in Whole India 383

6.34.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Whole India 384

6.34.4 Production of Pulses in Whole India 385

6.34.5 Production of Food Grains in Whole India 386

Page | 21

6.34.6 Production of Oilseeds in Whole India 387

6.34.7 Production of Cotton in Whole India 388

6.34.8 Production of Sugarcane in Whole India 389

6.34.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Whole India 390

7.1.1 Findings for Hypothesis Testing 391

Page | 22

List of Figures

Sl. No. Figure Page No.

1.2.2 Representation of Food grains Production in India since

1950-2013

28


4.7.11 Organization Chart of World Trade Organization 85

5.7 Year-wise Expenditure of Department of Agriculture &

Cooperation

97

6.1.1.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Rice 104

6.1.1.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Rice 105

6.1.2.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Wheat 107

6.1.2.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Wheat 109

6.1.3.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Coarse Cereals 110

6.1.3.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Coarse Cereals 112

6.2.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Total Cereals 114

6.2.5 6.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Total Cereals 115

6.3.1.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Pulses 117

6.3.1.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Pulses 119

6.3.2.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Food Grains 120

6.3.2.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Food Grains 122

6.4.1.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Groundnut 123

6.4.1.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Groundnut 125

6.4.2.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Rapeseed & Mustard 127

6.4.2.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Rapeseed &

Mustard

129

6.4.3.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Soya bean 130

6.4.3.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Soya bean 132

6.4.4.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Oilseeds 134

6.4.4.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Oilseeds 135

6.5.1.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Coffee 137

6.5.1.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Coffee 139

6.5.2.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Sugarcane 140

6.5.2.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Sugarcane 142

6.5.3.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Tea 143

6.5.3.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Tea 145

6.5.4.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Tobacco 146

6.5.4.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Tobacco 148

6.6.1.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Cotton 149

6.6.1.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Cotton 151

6.6.2.3 Regression Standardized Residual for Raw Jute & Mesta 153

6.6.2.5 Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Raw Jute & Mesta 155

Page | 23

List of Acronyms

Sl. No. Abbreviation Description

1. AoA Agreement on Agriculture

2. ATC Textiles and Clothing

3. ATTAC Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions

for the Aid of Citizens

4. DSB Dispute Settlement Body

5. DSM Dispute Settlement Mechanism

6. DSU Dispute Settlement Understanding

7. EU European Union

8. EXIM Export Import Bank of India

9. FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

10. FDI Foreign Direct Investment

11. FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act

12. FTZ Free Trade Zone

14. GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services

15. GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

16. GDF Gross Capital Formation

17. GDP Gross Domestic Product

18. IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development

19. IMF International Monetary Fund

20. ISO International Organization for Standardization

21. ITO International Trade Organization

22. LDCs Least Developed Countries

23. LPG Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization

24. MFN Most-Favored Nation

25. NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (Canada,

Mexico, United States)

26. NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

27. NFSM National Food Security Mission

28. NGO Non-Governmental Organization

29. NTB Non-Tariff Barrier

30. OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Development

31. R&D Research And Development

32. RKVY Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

33. SEZ Special Economic Zone

34. SPS Agreement on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Measures

35. SRM Standards-Related Measures

36. SSTH Super Star Trading Houses

37. TBT Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

38. TCA Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft

39. TPRM Trade Policy Review Mechanism

40. TRIMs Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures

41. TRIPS Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual

Page | 24

Property Rights

42. UN United nations

43. UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

44. US United state

45. WTO World trade organization

Page | 25

1.Introduction

1.1 Introduction to Indian Agriculture Sector

Agriculture is not only economically important but also very

important in various other points. In India, Agriculture is inheriting from

forefathers to its next generation. Almost 60 % of Indian population still

working in agriculture sector in 2014. At international level, According to

World Trade Organization (WTO) report 2012 on International Trade

statistics shows that export and import of agriculture product is almost US$

1.66 trillion & 1.82 trillion respectively at global level and the share of India

in value is 2.07 % and 1.24 % respectively in export and import of

agriculture products. India has been improved its ranking up to 10th

at

globally. In 2010-11 India‟s export of agriculture product was only 6.9 % in

total export but in next year 2011-12 it increased to 9.08 per cent which

shows a tremendous growth of agriculture product. India makes it self-

sufficient in agriculture sector (food grains) after the green revolution which

makes it possible to export agriculture product. Due to favorable support of

agriculture policy, India became stable in the export of agriculture product.

Agriculture sector is very important for the economic growth and

development and also because it provides food grains to its population,

employment, also important factor for industrial development because there

various products which used as a raw material for industries such as

Sugarcane, Cotton, Oil seeds, Jute etc.

Table-1.1; India’s Position at World Level

India’s Position at World Level

S. No. Position Commodity Names

1. First at World Level Pulses, Milk, Jute, Jute – like fibers

2. Second at World Level Sugarcane, Wheat, Rice, Fruits,

Vegetables, Cotton

3. Leading Producer Livestock, Spices, Plantation crops,

Fisheries, Poultry Sources: Economic Survey of India, 2013

Page | 26

According to Economic Survey of India 2013 – India is first in the

production of Pulses, Milk, Jute, Jute-like fibers, and second in the

production of Sugarcane, Wheat, Rice, Fruits, Vegetables, Cotton and

leading producer in the field of Livestock, spices, Plantation Crops,

Fisheries, Poultries.

1.2 Agriculture Role in Gross Domestic Product in India

It is observed that share of Agriculture and Allied Sector in overall

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in India has been decreasing every year like

it was 15.2 per cent during the 11th

five year plan but in 2013-14 it is only

13.9 percent. In India, Agriculture is one of the most important sector in

providing employment, Data of censes 2011 shows that it accounts for

almost 54.6 per cent employment to population it is also clearly indicating

after comparing the employment data of Census 2001 and Census 2011 that

number of cultivators also decreased from 127.3 million in 2001 to 118.7

million in 2011 which is showing the shifting of employment from farm to

non-farm employment.

Table-1.2.1; Agriculture Sector: Key Indicator (% at 2004-05 prices)

Sl.

No. Item 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

1

Growth in Agri-GDP 0.8 8.6 5 1.4 4.7*

Share in total GDP 14.6 14.6 14.4 13.9 13.9*

Of which, Agriculture 12.3 12.4 12.3 11.8 NA

2 Share in total GCF 7.3 6.3 7.0 7.1

NA Of which, Agriculture 6.7 5.8 6.5 6.5

3

GCF as per cent of

Agri-GDP 20.1 18.5 20.8 21.2

NA Of which, Private sector 16.7 15.7 18.0 18.1

4

Agri-exports (incl.

marine products) as per

cent of total export

8.2 8.0 10.1 11.8 11.9 (P)

Notes: *Quarterly Estimates of GDP as of 30 May 2014; NA – Not Available; GDF – gross capital

formation; P – Provisional

Source: Central Statistics Office (CSO) and Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and

Statistics (DGCI&S).

Page | 27

According to DGCI&C data for the year of 2013-14 (Provisional)

shows that the growth rate of agriculture GDP was 1.4% and 4.7% in the

year of 2012-13 and 2013-14 respectively. The data of last ten year shows

that the Indian agriculture achieved negative growth rate.

In India, State government are mainly responsible for the agriculture

sector growth and their primary responsibility is to increase production, to

increase productivity, to increase potential of agriculture sector, to increase

or enhance the income of the farming community. To fulfill all these issue

central government helps financially and non-financially and provides

various aids, subsidy etc. to state government for the betterment and growth

of agriculture. Central government sponsored through various programmes

and also helps through various schemes.

Table-1.2.2; Agricultural Production – Food Grains

(Million tonnes)

Year

Cereals

Rice Wheat Coarse

Cereals

Total

Cereals Pulses

Total Food

Grains

2012-13 104.40 92.46 40.06 236.92 18.45 255.36

2011-12 105.30 94.88 42.01 242.20 17.09 259.29

2010-11 95.98 86.87 43.40 226.25 18.24 244.49

2000-01 84.98 69.68 31.08 185.74 11.07 196.81

1990-91 74.29 55.14 32.70 162.13 14.26 176.39

1980-81 53.63 36.31 29.02 118.96 10.63 129.59

1970-71 42.22 23.83 30.55 96.60 11.82 108.42

1960-61 34.58 11.00 23.74 69.32 12.70 82.02

1950-51 20.58 6.46 15.38 42.42 8.41 50.83

Note: Data for 2012-13 are based on Advance Estimates.

Sources: Sources: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

Page | 28

Figure-1.2.2; Representation of Food grains Production in India since

1950-2013

Sources: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

There are some major commodities of Agriculture such as Rice,

Wheat, Coarse Cereals in million tonnes mentioned in the table which shows

growth of the following commodity since 1950-51 to 2012-13.

Production of Rice shows that in 1950-51 it was only 20.58 million

tonnes which increased in every decades 34.58 million tonnes in 1960-61,

42.22 million tonnes in 1970-71, 53.63 million tonnes in 1980-81, 74.29

million tonnes in 1990-91, 84.98 million tonnes in 2000-01, 95.98 million

tonnes in 2010-11, 105.30 million tonnes in 2011-12 and 104.40 million

tonnes in 2012-13.

Wheat shows also positively growth in its production it was only 6.46


tonnes 2000-01, 86.87 million tonnes in 2010-11 and 92.46 million tonnes in

2012-13.

In case of Total food grains production data shows that production

was 50.83 million tonnes in 1950-51, 82.02 million tonnes in 1960-61 and it

increased tremendously in t 1970-71 up to 108.42 million tonnes, 129.59


tonnes in 2000-01 but it increased very much up to 244.49 million tonnes in

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00M

illi

on

To

nn

es

Year

Agricultural Production - Foodgrains

Cereals Rice

Cereals Wheat

Cereals Coarse Cereals

Cereals Total Cereals

Pulses

Total Foodgrains

Page | 29

2010-11, 259.29 million tonnes in 2011-12, 255.36 million tonnes in 2012-

13.

1.3 Globalization Need for International Trade

Globalization is very necessary for all the economic and non-economic

factors and almost many specialists for different stream have been speaking

on this need of “Globalization” or “Economic Globalization Process”.

Actually need of globalization process becomes very important after the

World War II because this war makes huge economic loss to many countries

of the world. Developed Countries know it very well that it is very necessary

for them to make new market for their product therefore they look forward

for the new market and that was possible only when many countries follow

the Economic Globalization process. Many economists and others define

Globalization Process like Joseph Stieglitz, Noble Prize winner in 2001 for

Economics and also former Chief Economist of the World Bank described

globalization in his book, “ Globalization and Its Discontents”, as:

“The closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world

which has been brought about by the enormous reduction of

costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking

down of artificial barriers to the flow of goods, services, capital,

knowledge, and (to a lesser extent) people across borders.”

Thomas Friedman also define globalization in his book, “The Lexus and

the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization”, as:

“It is the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and

technologies to a degree never witnessed before – in a way that

is enabling individuals, corporations and nation states to reach

around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever

before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into

individuals, corporations and nation-states farther, faster,

deeper and cheaper than ever before.”

Page | 30

Dani Rodrik of Harvard University described globalization in his book,

“Has Globalization Gone Too Far”, as:

“Globalization is not occurring in a vacuum. It is part of a

broader trend that we may call marketization. Receding

government, deregulation, and the shrinking of social

obligations are the domestic counterparts of the intertwining of

national economies. Globalization could not have advanced this

far without these complementary forces.”

Hoekman and Kostecki described their viewed on Global trade as:

“Global trade flows are dominated by exchanges within and

between the three major regions of the global economy (the so-

called triad): Europe, North America, and East Asia. Trade

flows involving other parts of the globe are relatively small,

accounting for some 15 per cent of world trade. . .. Intra-EU and

intra-North America trade accounts for 52 per cent of industrial

trade.”

During the decade of 90‟s, many developing countries as a group increased

their share of export of goods on world level from 23.4 % to 29.8 % at the

same time export of services of these countries also increased on world level

from 18.2% to 23.3%. Since 1990‟s the share of these developing countries

also increasing.

Mr. B. Hoekman and M. Kostecki noted their though about world trade in

his book, “The Political Economy of the World Trading System” that:

“Global trade flows are dominated by exchanges within and

between the three major regions of the global economy (the so-

called triad): Europe, North America, and East Asia. Trade

flows involving other parts of the globe are relatively small,

accounting for some 15 per cent of world trade. ... Intra-EU and

Page | 31

intra-North America trade accounts for 52 per cent of industrial

trade.”

Supachai Panitchpakdi, Former Director-General of WTO expresses his

view regarding International Trade during Doha Round,

“Enhanced South–South activity offers a potentially great source

of expanded trade opportunities in the coming decade. Between

1990 and 2001, South–South trade grew faster than world trade

with the share of intra-developing country trade in world

merchandise exports rising from 6.5% to 10.6%.”

Adam Smith in his famous classic book “The Wealth of Nations” in 1977

wrote about the importance of International Trade that,

“It is the maxim of every prudent master of a family, never to

attempt to make at home what it will cost him more to make than

to buy. The tailor does not attempt to make his own shoes, but he

buys them from the shoemaker. The shoemaker does not attempt

to make his own cloths, but employs a tailor. The farmer

attempts to make neither the one nor the other, but employs

those different artificers. All of them find it for their interest to

employ their whole industry in a way in which they have some

advantage over their neighbors, and to purchase with a part of

its produce, or what is the same thing, with the price of a part of

it, whatever else they have occasion for. What is prudence in the

conduct of every private family can scarce be folly in that of a

great kingdom. If a foreign country can supply us with a

commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, better buy it

of them with some part of the produce of our own industry,

employed in a way in which we have some advantage. The

general industry of the country . . . will not thereby be

diminished, no more than the above-mentioned artificers; but

only left to find out the way in which it can be employed with the

Page | 32

greatest advantage. It is certainly not employed to the greatest

advantage, when it is thus directed towards an object which it

can buy cheaper than it can make.”

Noble Prize Winner of Economics, Paul Samuelson gives an argument in

favor of International Trade that:

“Free trade promotes a mutually profitable division of labor,

greatly enhances the potential real national product for all

nations, and makes possible higher standards of living all over

the globe.”

1.4 View Points for the Dark side of International and Trade Globalization

Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of

Citizens (ATTAC) also expresses their view against globalization process

and argues that:

“The time has come to acknowledge the crises of the

international trading system and its main administering

institution, the WTO. It is time to stop . . . and turn trade around

to serve the interest of all. We need to replace this old, unfair

and oppressive trade system with a new, socially just and

sustainable trading framework for the 21st Century. We need to

protect cultural, biological, economic and social diversity;

introduce progressive policies to prioritize local economies and

trade; secure internationally recognized economic, cultural,

social and labor rights; and reclaim the sovereignty of peoples

and national and subnational democratic decision making

processes. In order to do this, we need new rules based on the

principles of democratic control of resources, ecological

sustainability, equity, cooperation and precaution.”

Page | 33

Bill Jordan, General Secretary of International Confederation of free Trade

Unions express his view in December 2000 in reference with the problems

of current economic globalization as:

“If you want to belittle a point of view, it is easiest to caricature

that point of view as nothing more than a slogan daubed on a

placard and paraded through the streets. Too often this has led

to misrepresenting the views of labor unions in the face of

globalization . .. The international labor movement is not against

globalization; indeed we would agree that globalization can be a

big part of the answer to the problems of the world‟s poor. But it

also is a big part of the problem. In other words, globalization is

neither entirely beneficial nor entirely harmful. It is not an

unstoppable force of nature, but is shaped by those who set the

rules. And while it has the potential to help lift more than 2

billion people out of poverty, it is not doing so now.”

Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General also once noted that:

“Try to imagine what globalization can possibly mean to the half

of humanity that has never made or received a telephone call; or

to the people of Sub-Saharan Africa, who have less Internet

access than the inhabitants of the borough of Manhattan.”

1.5 An Overview of World trade

World Trade has been surpassed the pre-crisis levels which was arise

due to economic crisis 2008. This crises change whole world economically

and therefore world trade also affected very much from the side effects of

this economic crisis. Trade data shows that world trade has been cover up

itself as it was just US $ 16 trillion in the year of 2008 but in 2011 it reached

up to US $ 18.26 trillion. As per the data of International Monetary Fund

(IMF), World Economic Outlook Update, January 2012 trend of world trade

shows that world trade has achieved 5.9Per cent growth in 2011, 2.8 percent

Page | 34

growth in 2012, 3.8 percent growth in 2013 (Projection) and 5.5 per cent

growth rate in 2014 ( Projection).

Table-1.5; Trends in Growth in Trade Volumes

(Per cent change)

Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook Update, January 2013.

According to World Trade Organization (WTO) statistics, growth rate

of world exports decreased to 0.2 percent in 2012. According to

International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected value of the volume of world

trade is growth rate of 3.8 per cent in 2013. As data shows that the projected

growth rate of import and export volume of emerging market and developing

economies is higher than the advance economies. There are various issues

which have direct and indirect relationship with the trade of emerging and

developing economies such as earthquake and its impact on Japan, global

economic uncertainty, trade disruptions issue with china etc.

1.6 International Trade in Agriculture Sector in India

Agriculture Import for the year 1990-91 was 1205.86 ` Crore which

increased up to 12086.23 ` Crore, and in next decade 2010-11 it increased up to

57334.32 ` Crore and in 2011-12 it was 82819.15 ` Crore and the provisional

data for the year 2012-13 it was 109211.51 ` Crore.

Total National Import for the year 1990-91 was 43170.82 ` Crore which

increased up to 228306.64 ` Crore, and in next decade 2010-11 it increased up

Projections

2011 2012 2013 2014

World Trade Volume (Goods

and Services)

5.9 2.8 3.8 5.5

Imports

Advanced economies 4.6 1.2 2.2 4.1

Emerging Market & Developing

Economies

8.4 6.1 6.5 7.8

Exports

Advanced Economies 5.6 2.1 2.8 4.5

Emerging Market & Developing

Economies

6.6 3.6 5.5 6.9

Page | 35

to 1683466.96 ` Crore and in 2011-12 it was 2345463.24 ` Crore and the

provisional data for the year 2012-13 it was 2669839.78 ` Crore.

Agriculture Imports to Total National Imports in percentage for the year

1990-91 was 2.79 per cent which increased up to 5.29 per cent, and in next

decade 2010-11 it decreased up to 3.41 per cent and in 2011-12 it was 3.53 per

cent and the provisional data for the year 2012-13 it was 4.09 per cent.

Agriculture Exports for the year 1990-91 was 6012.76 ` Crore which

increased up to 28657.37 ` Crore, and in next decade 2010-11 it increased up to

117483.61 ` Crore and in 2011-12 it was 187609.33 ` Crore and the


Total National Exports for the year 1990-91 was 32527.28 ` Crore which

increased up to 201356.45 ` Crore, and in next decade 2010-11 it increased up

to 1142921.92 ` Crore and in 2011-12 it was 1465959.39 ` Crore and the


Agriculture Exports to Total National Exports in percentage for the year

1990-91 was 18.49 per cent which decreased up to 14.23 per cent, and in next

decade 2010-11 it decreased up to 10.28 per cent and in 2011-12 it was 12.8 per

cent and the provisional data for the year 2012-13 it was 14.1 per cent.

Table-1.6.; India’s Imports and Exports of Agricultural Commodities

(Value ` Crore)

Commodities 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 (P)

Agriculture Imports 1205.86 12086.23 57334.32 82819.15 109211.51

Total National

Imports 43170.82 228306.64 1683466.96 2345463.24 2669839.78

% age Agriculture

Imports to Total

National Imports

2.79 5.29 3.41 3.53 4.09

Agriculture Exports 6012.76 28657.37 117483.61 187609.33 230141.13

Total National Exports 32527.28 201356.45 1142921.92 1465959.39 1634672.95

% age Agriculture

Exports to Total

National Exports 18.49 14.23 10.28 12.8 14.1

P- Provisional

Source: Director General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Ministry of Commerce, Kolkata.

Page | 36

1.7 India’s Foreign Trade

Following table represents the data of India‟s foreign trade including

export, import and balance of trade since 1995-96 to 2014 and second part

shows the chart analysis of the statistical data.

In 1995-96 total export of India was 31794.9 US $ million where

import was 36675.3 US $ million and the balance of trade was in negative -

4880.4 million.

In 1996-97 export of India was 333469.7 US$ million and import was

39132.4 US$ million and the balance of payment was – 5662.7 US$ million.

In 2000-01 export increased to 44560.3 US$ million and import up to

50536.5 US$ million and balance of payment increased up to – 5976.2 US $

million.

India‟s foreign trade achieved tremendous growth in 2005-06, export

was 103090.5 US$ million and import value was 149165.7 US$ million and

balance of payment was still in negative -46075.2 US$ million.

In 2009-10 total export of India was 178751.4US $ million where


109621.4 million.



4880.4 million.


import was -183355.7 US $ million and the balance of trade was in negative

-4880.4 million.



-190336.0 million.



-137461.5 million.

Page | 37

Table-1.7; India’s Foreign Trade

(US$ million)

Year Export Import Trade Balance

1995-96 31794.9 36675.3 -4880.4

1996-97 33469.7 39132.4 -5662.7

1997-98 35006.4 41484.5 -6478.1

1998-99 33218.7 42388.7 -9170.0

1999-00 36822.4 49670.7 -12848.3

2000-01 44560.3 50536.5 -5976.2

2001-02 43826.7 51413.3 -7586.6

2002-03 52719.4 61412.1 -8692.7

2003-04 63842.6 78149.1 -14306.5

2004-05 83535.9 111517.4 -27981.5

2005-06 103090.5 149165.7 -46075.2

2006-07 126414.1 185735.2 -59321.2

2007-08 162904.2 251439.2 -88535.0

2008-09 185295.0 303696.3 -118401.3

2009-10 178751.4 288372.9 -109621.4

2010-11 251136.2 369769.1 -118632.9

2011-12 305963.9 489319.5 -183355.7

2012-13 300400.7 490736.7 -190336.0

2013-14 312620.7 450082.2 -137461.5

Note: Data for 2013-14 are provisional and for 2012-13 data are revised. Source: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics.

Figure-1.7; India’s Foreign Trade

Source: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics.

-300000.0

-200000.0

-100000.0

0.0

100000.0

200000.0

300000.0

400000.0

500000.0

600000.0

19

95

-96

19

96

-97

19

97

-98

19

98

-99

19

99

-00

20

00

-01

20

01

-02

20

02

-03

20

03

-04

20

04

-05

20

05

-06

20

06

-07

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

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09

-10

20

10

-11

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11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

US

$ M

illi

on

YEAR

India's Foreign Trade

Export

Import

TradeBalance

Page | 38

2. Review of Literature

World Trade Organization (WTO) is a well-known international

organization which deals with Trade related issues between nations. It is

situated at Geneva and till Feb 2014, there are 160 member countries Yemen

is the recently join WTO as 160th

numbers member country of World Trade

Organization. It provides a legal framework for international Trade of Goods

and Services. This legal framework helps member countries in case of

dispute settlement related with trade and also encourage healthy

environment for Trade between nations but still there are various issue for

which under developing member countries are not satisfy for the negotiation

done by World Trade Organization but They are working together so that

can achieve their common goals and also for the overall economic growth

and development for their nation. Agriculture is the main factor to influence

the negotiations, policies packages and other issue which is revised by

World Trade Organization in there Ministerial Conferences.

India remains the founder member of GATT and WTO both and it

has an important role in all the negotiations done by World Trade

Organization and specially for the multilateral trading system, Agriculture

Negotiation, Policies for under developing countries because although India

is an under developed country but still its role in International Organization

is much better than any other under developed country. Even today

agriculture and rural sectors are the backbone of India because almost 60%

population still lived in rural areas and they are depends on agriculture for

their livelihood.

On the International Level establishment of GATT and WTO in

respectively 1947 and 1995 provides a lot of opportunities to least develop,

under develop and developed country to make their presence on international

level. To grasp this opportunities, Various country have changed their

foreign trade policies to get maximum benefit from foreign trade like

Page | 39

promotion of export sector, financial facility to domestic market, trade

facility to exporter etc. so that they can maximum utilize their resources and

get maximum benefit from the globalization which is arises by due their

presence on International level and also due to International Organizations

such as WTO, IMF, World bank etc.

Like in India due to Economic Reform in 1992 and establishment of

WTO in 1995 have changed the India‟s Foreign Trade and people started

import of such product which was not available earlier and domestic market

get a chance to export their product in International market e.g., Agriculture

product like Dasehari Aam (an species of Indian mango) is well known in

India Specially in U.P. state but now local former get a chance to export in

various other countries which was not possible earlier. Based on the

available literature on the following subject, I tried to point out various

factors which are directly or indirectly related with the Indian Agriculture

Sector like supporting policies of Indian Government and WTO and also its

impact on Indian Agriculture sector especially in special reference with

agriculture trade.

The objective of this chapter is to analyze all the research earlier done

on WTO especially on Indian Agriculture Products and for more

convenience, Literature of review regarding Thesis topic mentioned below:

W. Arthur Lewis’s theory (1955) – His study gives a broad review

about the economies of the colonial world and he describes the economic

condition of the country when there was colonial system at international

level.

Herberler (1959) – Herberler focuses on the export sector and

conclude in his study that the export of any country is directly or indirectly

related with the economic growth of that country. According to him, Trade is

the center point to give a boost to any economies.

Patel (1959) – After the formation of Five years plan for the better

economic growth in India various changes arises such as commodity

Page | 40

composition, share in world exports, India‟s Foreign Trade directions etc.

Patel in his study briefly describe why demand for Indian traditional product

at international level goes down. He studied the trends, direction, and

composition of Export product during First five year plan.

Rostow (1960) – Rostow focuses on the importance of the

establishment of the International Organizations such as World Bank,

International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO)

etc. after the World War II for the better economic growth on International

level. His theory briefly describes the importance of International Trade for

the better economic growth of the country.

Maizells (1961) and Nurkse (1961) - They argued that the stagnation

of export sector in LDCs is the main factor for the slow demand of the

traditional product at world level. They try to find out that some other factor

which are responsible that why country like India is not able to increase its

product demand at international level.

Cohen (1964) – Cohen analysis was focused on the Indian export

pattern during 1951-60. He try to find out that why there is an stagnation in

the Indian export during this time period and he find out some reasons like

firstly Production cost of Indian domestic product were more so ultimately

they were costlier on International market in comparison with other same

nature of goods, Secondly rise in domestic demand which also increases the

price of domestic product in international market. These are the main factors

(price) which reduced the competitiveness of Indian exports and therefore

the share of the India‟s Traditional product in export on international level

goes down.

Dutta (1964), Sinha (1986), Ram and Rath (1989) etc. analyzed the

demand pattern of India‟s export sector on the aggregate level. They studies

various items which are exported by India and some other economists such

as Da Costa (1965), Biswas (1983), Lucas (1988), Virmni (1991) also

Page | 41

studied the same issue and divided total export into various groups on the

aggregate level.

Hultman (1967) – Hultman gave various model in special reference

with foreign trade such as growth models, multiplier model and also various

approaches like export base approach, development stages approach and all

of this models and approaches shows the importance of trade and also

describe the relationship between trade (export) and economic growth.

Samuel and Mote (1970) – Samuel and Mote study focuses on the

competitiveness of the Indian export. He studied the entire price and non-

price (i.e. services facility and quantity) factors which are directly or

indirectly responsible for the competitiveness of the export product and

finally conclude that although both price and non-price factors are

responsible but price factor is the main for determining the competitiveness

of export.

Banerji (1975) – Banerji in his study tries to find out the growth

pattern of Indian export basically his study was focused on manufacturing

sector. In his study he examined the emerging pattern of manufacturing

sector of Indian export.

Bhagwati and Srinivasan (1975) - Bhagwati and Srinivasan also

tried to understand the India‟s foreign trade regime with special focuses on

government policy for domestic support and objectives, so that they can

assess the efficiency and growth of India‟s foreign trade during 1951-70.

They give following conclusion in his study (i) Government is focusing

more on import substitution policy (ii) Government is not focusing on

export promotion (iii) Due to more emphasis on import substitution policy,

export performance is going down. Thus according to his study, apart from

import substitution government should focuses on export sector through

various export promotion policy so that the amount of fiscal deficit can be

decrease and export can get its maximum level.

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Nayyar (1976) – Nayyar during his study analyzed the performance

of India‟s export and government policies during 1951-60 and stated that

various internal and external factors are responsible for the growth of export

sector of India. Nayyar also tried to study all the domestic factors such as

policies and external factors like competiveness of export.

Panchmukhi (1978) & Sainy (1979) – Panchmukhi analysis was

focuses on the government policy for the promotion and support to foreign

trade and also studied the overall trade of India during the period of 1960 but

Sainy not only studied the government policy rather then he tried to find the

loop wholes for the policy formation and also related the foreign trade with

the Economics development of India. He considered foreign trade as an

important key factor for the overall economic growth.

Nambiar (1979) – Nambiar study was different because he related

foreign trade or export sector with the employment generation of India

during the time period of 1963-64 and 1973-74. According to his study,

export sector only contributed 2 % in the overall employment in the same

time period which was very less amount of contribution for employment

generation.

Dhindsa (1981) – Dhindsa in his study, analyzed the trend of some

major commodities which are traditional in nature and exported from a long

time from India such as Jute, Cotton, tea etc. He examined that why there is

a slowdown in these commodity export specially in those country which are

importing it from a long time period and he gave some conclusion for this

slow down like (i) Increasing in the profitability ratio of domestic sales, (ii)

Government tax policy so that heavy tax on these major export commodity,

(iii) Low level of production & productivity of such commodities (iv)

Higher level of cost of production etc. So that all were these major factor

which ultimately gives stiff competition to these commodities in

international market from there substitute products.

Page | 43

Wolf (1982) - Wolf in his study analyzed the pattern of India‟s export

of major commodities in the period of 1970. He also work to find various

factors through which India‟s foreign trade is going down.

Singhal (1985) – Singhal analyzed the India‟s foreign trade policy

and also the trends of export oriented commodities during the period of

1970.He also works on the factors that why export of India is facing

slowdown.

Wadhwa (1988) – Wadhwa study was based on quantitative analysis.

He analyzed India‟s export performance on the basis of exchange rate and

tried to find out the quantitative relationship between foreign trade and

exchange rate. His study confirmed that depreciation in exchange rate are the

main causes for slow foreign trade growth. His study was based on

econometric models.

Nayyar (1988) – He examined various factors which are directly or

indirectly related with India‟s foreign trade for the time period of 1977-85

whether they are from domestic or international market such as price and

non-price factor for the competitiveness of domestic export sector,

transportation and infrastructural facility which are the major element for the

growth of export sector of India on the other hand various external factors

like price and non-price factor from the international market, protectionism

for domestic industry by foreign country are found the main factor to

influence export growth of India adversely.

Paul (1992) – His study was based on the new emerging areas where

India can export more goods. According to Paul, other regions of Asia apart

from traditional areas can provide a better opportunity to Indian export

sector.

Kaur (1993) – Kaur also tries to understand the pattern of Indian

export in the decade of 80s and 90s. During this study period he analyses the

foreign trade of India and performance of exported commodities from India.

Page | 44

Sathe (1995) – Sathe study time period was very long. He analyzes

the Indian export since 1951-84. He critically examined effects of

diversification of the Indian export on the Indian economy. Sathe analyzed

the impact of Indian export sector on the overall economic growth and

development. He tries to find an relationship between foreign trade and

economic growth.

Kantawala (1996) – He tries to make a relationship between price

and income elasticity of the export and import commodity during the period

of 1969-1990. Through his study he gave a conclusion that most of the

commodity which are imported and exported from India having price and

income elasticity during the study time period. Finally he concludes that in

future manufacturing sector will grow and demand of Indian manufacturer

goods will increase.

Kathuria (1996) - Various other study shows that the government

policy for import substitution was the main factor the decrease in export and

thus various schemes for the export promotion has been adopted by the

government to increase the share of India‟s export at world level and thus

through this step domestic market also protected and the export of traditional

goods increased.

Joshi and Little (1996) – His study was based on the changes occurs

in Indian economy after economic reform. He analyzed with some factors

like price control, Industrial regulation, Exchange rate, Monetary Policy etc.

He conclude in his study that for the positive result of economic reform

Government have to support Free Trade Policy, FDI support, attract foreign

investment etc. Thus through government step various changes occurs in the

economy like; (i) Export promotion policy rather than import substitution

policy, (ii) Decontrol on Price Policy, (iii) Delicensing of Industries etc.

Indian government in the decade of 90‟s was very sincere for adopting any

new policy for Foreign trade and they have their full control on foreign train

through proper rule and regulation but after adopting LPG policy in 1991-92,

Page | 45

government have to accept various policy for global point of view like Tax

Policy, Export promotion policy, rule and regulation which control foreign

trade. Joshi and little analyzed the government step for the promotion of and

he find that government have to be liberal toward foreign trade. Government

taken some steps such as - (i) Decrease in tariff rate especially on capital

goods industrial raw materials. (ii) Relaxation on the quantitative restriction

for imported goods, (iii) Promotion policy for export adaptation, (iv)

Easiness in domestic licensing, (iv) Promotion to privatization so that private

firm can grow better,(vi) Introduction of new technology, (vii)Various

scheme to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), (viii) Acceptance free

trade zone (FTZ) concept in 1999-2000, (ix) Formation of Foreign Exchange

Management act, 2000 (FEMA) who replace Foreign Exchange Regulation

Act. (x) Formation of the special economic zones (SEZ), (xi) Other steps

like establishment of export promotion councils, various scheme for export

promotions, duty free import exemption scheme, etc have be taken by the

government.

Kathuria (1996) - Kathuria in his study worked on India‟s export

performance and tried to find out the impact of policies change on the export

growth. In 1991 to 1996 there were various dramatically changes were found

in India‟s foreign trade policy which affected export sector. In his study he

used econometric tools and model to analyze the impact of policies changes

on export sector.

Mehta (1997) – Mehta in his study gives importance to trade reforms

policies which have been adopted by India after LPG process. He considered

Liberalization as he most important factor for growth of India‟s export

import. He find out in his study that the share of Trade in overall GDP in

1995 to 1996 has been increased to 24 percent.

Prasad (1997) – Prasad shows in his study that India‟s export sector

achieved a growth rate in the time period from 1990 to 1994 because of

Page | 46

economic reform process and trade reform policy which makes export more

easily.

Marjit and Chaudhary (1997) – They analyzed various Price and

Non-Price factors such as quality, quantity, product comparison for the

growth of export sector. He also emphasized the importance of Trade

Reform policy which increased export performance during the time period of

19760 to 1990.

Bhide et. al. (1997) – Bhide took the time from 1960 to 1934 almost

34 years and analyze the pattern of composition and direction of Indian

exported commodity. During this time period he also focuses on political

changes and economic condition of India because in this time period, India

face 1961 and 1965 war which affect Indian politics very much and also

economic reform in 1991-92 starting of LPG era. His study also focused on

supply factors and on the share of Indian export. He gives two main

conclusions from his study (i) Share of manufactured product in export has

been increased and (ii) Agriculture sector has declined in overall export.

Srinivasan (1998) – His study were based on the analysis of trends of

India‟s export. Exchange rate was the main factor for export of India in his

study and thus he relate exchange rate with the export performance.

Nidugala (1999) – Nidugala study conclude that export sector has the

much more importance for the economic growth of India and he took 20

years for his study time period from 1960 to 1980. He makes relationship

between export and economic growth. He gives importance to economic

reform for the economic growth.

Greenaway et al., (1999) – His study also describe the relationship

between trade and economic growth of the country also focuses on the

importance of trade. According to him, Trade is an engine for better

economic growth.

Page | 47

Ghomawat and Patibandla (1999) – They want to find out the

impact of economic reform on Indian export sector basically on garment

sector, Diamond Industry and Software Industry. In his study he point out

the importance of such economic reforms because such reform gives boost

to economic growth. It gives support to domestic market then foreign

competition easily availability of raw material, technological helps, foreign

Investment etc.

Sharma (2000) – Sharma studied the pattern of Foreign Trade of

India since 1970 to 1998. He work on various determinants of export such as

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI),Price factors, Demand and Supply side etc.

and finally he concluded in his study that if the export prices of India fell

down in relation with the price of world level demand of Indian export

increased. He described the relationship between export and price level at

domestic level and also studied the impact of foreign investment on India‟s

export sector.

Bhattacharyya et al., (2000) - His study were based on post

liberalization time period. He considered these elements in his study, (i)

Capital or Knowledge Intensive product, (ii) Labor Intensive products. He

tried to find out that for which product demand increased at very fast level

and through his study he concluded that demand for labor intensive product

were less than the demand of capital or knowledge intensive product.

Kaushik et al. (2000) – Kaushik in his study want to find out the

variability and its impact on the growth on Indian economy and through his

study he found three conclusions, Firstly Liberalization Policy has been

increased the export of agriculture product and Allied product and also

manufacturing products, Secondly Volume Instability were the main reason

for export earning instability rather than price variability and Last one,

Domestic Economic performance were not affected by export instability.

Marjit et al, (2000) – His study was based on the devaluation of

money and its impact on Indian export during the time period of 1951-94.

Page | 48

He conclude in his study that devaluation process does not change as much

changes in export as official data shows because country like India having

much more rule and regulation process for foreign exchange.

Hargopal (2001) – Hargopal analyzed the impact of liberalization on

India‟s foreign trade. He concluded in his study that due to trade reform

policy various external factors make a platform for the growth of export

sector. According to his study after the adaptation of Liberalization process

there was tremendous growth were found in export sector but the only thing

was unfavorable that growth of import sector were higher than the growth of

export sector.

Sharan and Mukherji (2001) – Sharan and Mukherji works on the

impact of Foreign Trade Reform on Trade sector and find out that yet there

is gain from this reforms to India such as terms of trade policy was in the

favor of India, Structure of Trade also diversified and it include some other

commodities and countries but at the same time growth rate of import goes

down and the amount of fiscal deficit increased and for this situation various

external factor were also responsible.

Singh (2001) – Singh study regarding TBT-SPS agreements conclude

that these types of agreements are trade barriers which have adverse effect

on trade basically on agriculture sector of India. Through this agreements of

WTO developed country get advantages but developing and under

developing country have to bear loss in short as well as long term.

Mukhpadhay (2001) – He analyze the impact of Uruguay round of

WTO on India and concluded that for India it is not beneficial. India only

gain little bit from Uruguay round of WTO.

Deodhar (2002) - TBT-SPS were the main elements of his study. He

studied its impact on trade especially agricultural trade of India. His analysis

shows that such types of barriers and standard affect very much to India‟s

trade. For avoiding its adverse effects India have to follow good quality

management system which can improve the quality of product and they can

Page | 49

easily trade to developed and other developing countries. He emphasis on

the amendments in various agreements specially those which are the main

cause to affect trade.

Kathuria et al., (2003) – Kathuria studied the impact of multi-fiber

arrangement on export of textile industry of India. He concluded that this

arrangement shows the biasness toward developing country like India.

That‟s why growth of India‟s textile sector is low.

Nanda and Raikhy (2003) –They studied the labor and

environmental law and agreement made by World Trade Organization for

the export of Agriculture, Textile, Readymade garments export. They also

analyze the pattern and trend of India‟s textile and agriculture export and

concluded that European country is the main source for the export of India.

Although developed country have various norms and standard for export

these product but still India do not have any change to refuse it and India

have to maintain the standard of World Trade Organization.

Sekhar (2003) – Shekhar works on agriculture export especially on

the export of rice of India. He also tried to analyze the role of trade

liberalization policy on agriculture export and also studied the role of major

exporter of rice at world level. He concludes in his study that the income

level of the rice importing country influenced the demand of rice by

exporting company.

Rana and Singh (2003) – They analyzed the rate of foreign tariffs as

well as domestic tariffs and its impact on export and import sector of India

with the help of some econometric models. Foreign tariffs have played a

major role for the promotion of export where as domestic tariffs rate also

influenced India‟s import.

Baura and Chakaborty (2004) –They studied various non-tariffs of

India and analyzed about the impact of NTB‟s like TBT-SPS, IPRs,

Environmental standard, Safeguard measures etc. on India‟s export. They

concluded in their study that India‟s export enhanced in post WTO period

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and various NBT‟s have its implication for the manufacturing export and

India‟s agriculture sector.

Chand (2004) - He analyzed in his study about the competitiveness

and export performance of the Indian agriculture and the policy change due

to Trade reform like reducing control on the exchange rate and export

process leads to increase in export performance. Various odds like Technical

Barriers to Trade and sanitary/Phyto-sanitary and infrastructural bottlenecks

etc. are the main determinants for the better export growth of livestock,

horticultures. He conclude that for various products like Sugar, Rice, Cotton,

India has advantages to export these product because of high level of

production and favorable environment condition but for the Wheat, they do

not have any advantages to compete in foreign market.

Devi and Rao (2004) –They analyze the impact of trade reform

policies on the export sector of India and during their study they found that

these reform have been increased the competitiveness of labor market of

India and also enhanced the competitive capabilities of domestic market. He

concluded in his study that the share of primary goods has been fallen in

total export but the share of manufactured goods increased.

M. M. Sury (2004) - He mentioned in his book "Indian economy in

the 21st century: Prospects and challenges" about the economic reform on

the analytical and description approach and discuss about the future prospect

of the economic reform. Furthermore this book also gives brief study about

the policy framework, future prospect, and current scenario of Indian

Economy. Various other government economic activities show that in future

government will start various economic reform programme for the economic

growth and development.

Kaundal (2005) – Kaundal study was based on the impact of trade

reform on the export sector and he analyzed the causes, pattern of India‟s

export during the period of 1970 to 2002. He concluded that the share of

some traditional goods like Jute, Cotton, and Tea has been fallen in overall

Page | 51

export and on the other hand non-traditional goods like manufactured goods,

machineries etc. share has been increased in overall export.

Raju (2005) – Raju worked on the role of agriculture sector for the

employment generation and its role in GDP and economic growth. He

studied the agreement on agriculture (AoA) which was formed by World

Trade Organization and also studied various other issues regarding with

agriculture growth in developing countries.

Bakshi (2005) – Bakshi study were focused on the agreements of

WTO basically sanitary Phyto-sanitary agreements and He concluded in his

study that these agreements are the main cause to reduce the Trade of

Agriculture of developing country especially for those who are largest

producer at International level like India. The conditions in agreements like

testing standards, production standards were in such a frame which works as

a non-tariffs barrier for developing country.

Mittal and Raju (2005) - They studied the formation process of

WTO from the GATT time period. He analyzed all the eight round of WTO

conferences and studied its negotiations and agreements.

Chakraborty et al., (2005) - He studied about the relationship

between WTO and India and also analyzed the export performance of India.

In his study he compared India and china export performance and studied

about India‟s competitiveness and export directions trends of India.

Diversification was the major determinant for the growth of India‟s export.

Kaundal (2006) – Kaundal find out in his study that government

have been taken various serious step to make environment friendly for the

better foreign trade such as- (i) Formation of new category of export houses

like Super Star Trading Houses (SSTH), (ii) Implication of import licensing

policy, (iii) Removal on the restriction of Agriculture export, (iv) Promotion

to private warehouses, (v) Export Credit Policy, (vi) Easy custom clearance

policy for some major exported goods, (vii) Decrease in custom duty from

20% to 15%for n0n-agricultual product, (ix) State government also initiated

Page | 52

in the trade promotion activities thorough formation of Inter-State Trade

Councils and State Policies.

Ramphul (2006) - He analyzed the performance of agricultural trade

of various developed and developing country. He also analyzed the impact

of WTO agreements and negotiation on the agricultural trade at world level.

He concluded that WTO has adverse effect on agricultural trade at world

level.

Chakraborty and Singh (2006) –They took agricultural subsidy as a

main factor for the increase and decrease of agriculture trade. They

concluded that subsidy on agriculture is favorable for developed country but

for developing country it works as a hurdle for free trade of agricultural

product so they are not favorable negotiation. According to him negotiations

should be in such a way which can be beneficial for developing country also.

Chakraborty and Singh (2006) –They took agricultural subsidy as a

main factor for the increase and decrease of agriculture trade. They

concluded that subsidy on agriculture is favorable for developed country but

for developing country it works as a hurdle for free trade of agricultural

product so they are not favorable negotiation. According to him negotiations

should be in such a way which can be beneficial for developing country also.

Banerjee (2006) – His study was focused on the agricultural trade of

India. He also analyzed the TBT-SPS impact on agriculture. He concluded

that developing country is not implementing the TBT-SPS in a proper

manner that‟s why country like India such agreements are not favorable.

Veeramani (2007) – Veeramani study was based on the exchange

rate of rupees through exchange rate government want to increase its export

and thus with the objective of export profitability, various changes occurs in

trade policy like government introduced various export promotion scheme

such as Export credit Policy, Import licensing Policy, Relaxation on trade

restriction for the export of agricultural product so that export might be

increased at international level.

Page | 53

Sharma and Dietrich (2007) - They studied basically on India‟s

manufacturing sector in the time period of 1980-2000. He individually

analyzed all the three category of technological industry like high

technological industry, medium technological industry and low

technological industries. He also analyzed the structure of India‟s

manufacture sector.

M. Ramesh, M. Chandrayya and M. Sankara (2009) - According

to their point of view, WTO has a direct and indirect relationship with

various sectors of Indian economics. Indian agriculture sector affected so

much from the WTO. WTO also have its impact on Indian former because

they are directly associated with agriculture and their livelihood depends on

agriculture sector so they affected so much by government policy to

subsidies agriculture and also from the policy of WTO. There is also a very

big challenge for the Indian government to protect these former on

agriculture sector from the side effects of WTO and also a big task to

improve its competitiveness for the international market because after

economic reform and adoption of LPG India is getting a tough competition

from foreign companies therefore government is trying to make more

favorable policy such as market policy, agriculture policy to make former

more capable for the production. There are various institutions which

provide financial help, training to the former for better agriculture growth.

P. Arunachalam (2009) - He studied the reasons that why agriculture

is one of the main sector for the study by various magazines, newspapers,

books and academician, politicians etc. in special reference with WTO

because there are various difference for the developed and developing

agriculture sector is in developed countries in WTO. Developed countries

already have economic development and there is already agriculture sector is

in developed state but in developing countries agriculture is not in developed

stage therefore government has to subsidies and also has to make favorable

policies for agriculture sector. Developed economic already have a policy and

Page | 54

mechanism to protect their domestic market from the competition of

developing countries through import quota etc. but developing countries are

not able to adopt such types of measures. He also mentioned India's policy to

protect their agriculture sector in his study.

V. Balasubramanian - He studied various positive and negative impact

of WTO on Indian economy in his research paper, "WTO and Indian

agriculture insights, Implication and Imperatives". He tried to find out

impact of WTO on Indian industry. His study based on the agriculture

sector. Farmers were the main effected element in this study. He analyzed

that Developed economy spend huge amount as a subsidy on the agriculture

sector so that the cost of agriculture product is low in the international

market on the other hand developing economy spends small amount as a

subsidy on agriculture so farmer have to spend more amount on fertilizers,

seeds, electricity etc. therefore cost remain high and ultimately This hike in

commodity price directly affect demand at international level which leads to

low agriculture trade.

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3.Research Methodology

3.1 Need of the Study

Based on review of literature, it is possible to identify that though

various studies has completed in Trade but most of them addressed only

industrial products, none of them tried to study the Trade of agriculture

commodity of India and in Pre-WTO and Post-WTO era. And agriculture

being primary sector of Indian economy can‟t be undervalued. Further none

of studies attempted to give Pre-WTO and Post-WTO agriculture production

statistics.

Therefore, the need to address various issues related to Indian

Agriculture in Pre-WTO and Post-WTO era arises. Proposed study will be

an attempt to bridge the gap by addressing the issues of Pre-WTO and Post-

WTO agriculture production, Problem of export of Indian agriculture trade,

policy intervention and prospects, issues & challenges and strategies to

coping with them, role of WTO in India in agriculture sector.

3.2 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to find out the India‟s agriculture

production in Pre-WTO and Post-WTO era.

Specifically, the study will focus on following objectives:

1. To explore importance of the international rules by international body

2. To explore the story from 1944 – the process of GATT formation

3. To explore the Bretton Woods Conference and General Agreement on

Tariff And Trade (GATT)

4. To explore brief history of all negotiating rounds and success of

GATT

5. To explore World Trade Organization – WTO (1995) and its

functions

Page | 56

6. To explore agriculture sector (types, season, production) in India

7. To explore aggregate growth rates of principle crops

8. To describe selected economic indicators of interest

9. To describe year-wise expenditure of department of agriculture and

cooperation

10. To describe outlays / expenditure under agriculture & allied activities

11. To describe percentage share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at

factor cost

12. To describe plan-wise share of public sector outlays and expenditure

under agriculture and allied activities

13. To compare states outlay and expenditure for eleventh and twelfth

plan

14. To build up regression model for production of agriculture products

and test proposed hypotheses by means of F test And ANOVA.

15. To describe and analyze production of food grain and major non-food

grain crops in all states (individually), all union territories and in

whole India

3.3 Research Hypotheses

The specific hypotheses (in Null Hypothesis form, i.e. H0) to be tested

are shown below:

1. Production of Rice in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Rice nor Yield per Hectare of Rice

2. Production of Wheat in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Wheat nor Yield per Hectare of Wheat

3. Production of Coarse Cereals in India does neither depends on Area

of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals nor Yield per Hectare of Coarse

Cereals

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4. Production of Total Cereals in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Total Cereals nor Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals

5. Production of Pulses in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Pulses nor Yield per Hectare of Pulses

6. Production of Total Food Grains in India does neither depends on

Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains nor Yield per Hectare of

Total Food Grains

7. Production of Groundnut in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Groundnut nor Yield per Hectare of Groundnut

8. Production of Rapeseed & Mustard in India does neither depends on

Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard nor Yield per Hectare of

Rapeseed & Mustard

9. Production of Soya bean in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Soya bean nor Yield per Hectare of Soya bean

10. Production of Total Oilseeds in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Total Oilseeds nor Yield per Hectare of Total Oilseeds

11. Production of Coffee in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Coffee nor Yield per Hectare of Coffee

12. Production of Sugarcane in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Sugarcane nor Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane

13. Production of Tea in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Tea nor Yield per Hectare of Tea

14. Production of Tobacco in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Tobacco nor Yield per Hectare of Tobacco

15. Production of Cotton in India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Cotton nor Yield per Hectare of Cotton

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16. Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in India does neither depends on

Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta nor Yield per Hectare of

Raw Jute & Mesta

17. Regression with dependent variable Production of Rice and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Rice and Yield per

Hectare of Rice as whole is not highly significant

18. Regression with dependent variable Production of Wheat and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Wheat and Yield per

Hectare of Wheat as whole is not highly significant

19. Regression with dependent variable Production of Coarse Cereals and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals and

Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals as whole is not highly significant

20. Regression with dependent variable Production of Total Cereals and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals and Yield

per Hectare of Total Cereals as whole is not highly significant

21. Regression with dependent variable Production of Pulses and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Pulses and Yield per

Hectare of Pulses as whole is not highly significant

22. Regression with dependent variable Production of Total Food Grains

and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains

and Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains as whole is not highly

significant

23. Regression with dependent variable Production of Groundnut and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Groundnut and Yield per

Hectare of Groundnut as whole is not highly significant

24. Regression with dependent variable Production of Rapeseed &

Mustard and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed

& Mustard and Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard as whole is

not highly significant

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25. Regression with dependent variable Production of Soya bean and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Soya bean and Yield per

Hectare of Soya bean as whole is not highly significant

26. Regression with dependent variable Production of Total Oilseeds and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds and Yield

per Hectare of as whole is not highly significant

27. Regression with dependent variable Production of Coffee and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Coffee and Yield per

Hectare of Coffee as whole is not highly significant

28. Regression with dependent variable Production of Sugarcane and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane and Yield per

Hectare of Sugarcane as whole is not highly significant

29. Regression with dependent variable Production of Tea and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Tea and Yield per

Hectare of Tea as whole is not highly significant

30. Regression with dependent variable Production of Tobacco and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Tobacco and Yield per

Hectare of Tobacco as whole is not highly significant

31. Regression with dependent variable Production of Cotton and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Cotton and Yield per

Hectare of Cotton as whole is not highly significant

32. Regression with dependent variable Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta

and Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta as whole is not highly

significant

All the Null Hypotheses, i.e. H0 have been tested with level of

significance of 0.1 i.e. at the 99 % confidence level.

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3.4 Research Methodology

The research study is based on quantitative research and secondary

data have been used in this research. The study is based on agriculture

production of India. In the previous section, hypotheses to be tested are

presented. Several research objectives, thirty two hypotheses that served to

direct the data analysis, and an identification of several terms key to the

study. In addition, a review of relevant literature related to the study

established a background of support for the study. The proposed research is

an effort to examine the relationship between selected variables in a manner

that has not been done to date.

The intent of this section is to describe the methodology that has been

used in this research effort. This research is longitudinal based on secondary

data of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India and Reserve Bank of India.

3.4.1 Research Design

This research is both the descriptive and analytical by nature.

The main goal descriptive research is to describe the data and characteristics

about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study

frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this

research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation.

Therefore, the study plan involved the gathering of information about

agriculture production, yield and area for agriculture production in India to

establish causal relationships.

3.4.2 Data Collection Procedures

This research is based on secondary source of data. Secondary data

from authentic sources have been utilized. Reference books, reports and

survey publications of Governments and its agencies have been also used.

And the data have been collect through published and unpublished source.

3.4.2.1 Published Sources

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Published reports of Central and State government and local bodies;

Statistical abstracts, and the reports published by different ministries of the

government specially from Agriculture and Commerce ministry; Official

publication of foreign government; Report and publications of trade

associations, financial institutions, Journals, Magazines and Periodicals have

been used in this research effort.

3.4.2.2 Unpublished Sources

Some of the important unpublished sources from which secondary

data have been used are – Research works carried out by scholars, teachers

and professionals; Records and statistics maintained by various departments

and offices of the Central and State governments, corporations, undertakings

etc. Besides that online resources from official and authentic websites have

also been used in this research effort.

3.4.3 Analysis of Data

There are certain tools and technique which have been used to

achieve different objectives of the study.

First, in order to establish causal relationship between variables of

interest regression models have been built up.

Moreover, to test proposed hypotheses F Test and ANOVA for

regression have also been used.

Secondly, descriptive statistics like range, mean standard deviation

etc. and arithmetical break growth rate have been used to analyze the data

for all the states, union territories and whole India for agriculture production

in both the Pre-WTO and Post-WTO era and a comparison of the same have

also been made.

3.5 Limitations of the Study

There are some limitations to the study, which are as follows:

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The objective of secondary data may be different in context than this

study which may cause biasness and lack of objectivity in research.

Considering causal relationship in regression selected variables is not

exhaustive, though they give a high coefficient of determination, still

some other major variables are not included in regression model.

Secondary data used in this research was having certain missing value

which could be treated, but the treatment might have insufficient the

reality.

3.6 Significance of the Study

In order to make it an exhaustive inquiry of agriculture production for

all states (individually), all union territories of India and Whole India for

both the Pre-WTO and Post-WTO era have been described and analyzed.

This study is expected to be beneficial to govt. and its agencies for

policy formulation, researchers and academicians for academic purpose and

to the people who have interest in the field of this study. It is expected that

the study will make contributions to the areas of agriculture of India.

Finally, the ultimate issue underlying the study is benefits and

opportunity loss of Agriculture Trade. It is anticipated that the study may

identify ways through which Agriculture trade of India can contribute to the

development and economic growth of India.

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4.World Trade Organization (WTO)

4.1 Importance of the International Rules by International Body

Peter Sutherland, Former Director General of GATT and WTO

wrote in 20 February 1997 in his article “ Beyond the Market, a Different

Kind of Equity, International Herald Tribune”, that:

“The greatest economic challenge facing the world is the

need to create an international system that not only

maximizes global growth but also achieves a greater measure

of equity, a system that both integrates emerging powers and

assists currently marginalized countries in their efforts to

participate in worldwide economic expansion . . . The most

important means available to secure peace and prosperity

into the future is to develop effective multilateral approaches

and institutions.”

4.2 Story from 1994 – The Process of GATT Formation

The concept of International Organization came into existence after

Bretton Woods Conference which was held on July 1994. This Conference

was held at Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New

Hampshire, U.S.

There was almost 730 delegates from all of the 44 Allied Nations of

world participated in this conference. This conference was formally known

as United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference and letter on known

as Bretton Woods Conference.

The objective behind this conference was to find out the solution for

better economic growth and stability and also to recover from the causes of

World War II and manage all the activities related with International

Organizations so that all the issue related with Finance and International

monetary can be solve with the help of this organization and there for

Page | 64

originations like International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) etc. were established.

Article XVI: 1 of the WTO Agreement states:

“Except as otherwise provided under this Agreement or the

Multilateral Trade Agreements, the WTO shall be guided by the

decisions, procedures and customary practices followed by the

CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947 and the bodies

established in the framework of GATT 1947.”

4.3 Bretton Woods Conference

All the delegates agreed for the establishment of International

Economic Institution for the elimination of Causes of World War II. The

institutions are:-

1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (IBRD)

2. International Monetary Fund (IMF)

3. International Trade Organization (ITO)

Following are negotiators of some major countries in Bretton Woods

Conference:

Mr. Harry Dexter White represented USA in Conference

Mr. John Maynard Keynes represented UK in conference

Mr. Pierre Mendes France represented France in Conference

Mr. H. H. Kung represented China in Conference

Mr. Leslie Melille represented Australia in Conference

Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh represented India in

Conference

Mr. Camille Gutt represented Belgium in China

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U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt statement in Breton Woods

Conference was: “The Economic health of every country is a proper matter

of concern to all its neighbors, near and far.”

4.3.1 World Bank

World Bank was established in July 1945 with the motto of “Working for

a world free of poverty”. The idea behind the establishment of World Bank

was mentioned below:

1. To manage world economies which have affected from the World

War–II.

2. To increase development in developing countries.

3. To promote investment.

4. Providing Loan and Capital facility etc.

4.3.2 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

IMF was established on 27 December 1945 but its financial operation

was started from 1st March 1947. It was developed as an International

Organization which objective was:

1. To promote Economic Growth and Development.

2. To promote Economic Stability.

3. Financial Help to developing countries.

4. Fixed exchange rate arrangements between nations etc.

4.3.3 International Trade Organization (ITO)

It was just a Charter on Paper for the establishment on International

Organization for the belter regulation of International Trade. All the

negotiation regarding of ITO charter were discussed in 1948 and this charter

promoting for the establishment of International Trade Organization (ITO).

All the rule and regulation regarding International Trade were discussed in

this charter. But when this ITO charter was presented in front of United

States then UN Congress refused this proposal on the basis of their statement

that such International Organization will involve in countries internal

economic issues. The idea behind this organization was:

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1. To make smooth International Trade.

2. To communicate information regarding trade in member countries.

3. To provide consultation and legal advice for betterment of

International Trade.

4. To increase volume and improvement in International Trade.

4.4 General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)

When UN Congress refused the ITO charter then member countries

tried to solve out there problem related with international trade and they

agreed to make a General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). This was

the alternate solution of International Trade Organization (ITO) as a new

multilateral institution for the better international economic cooperation. At

that time in 1947, 23 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil,

Burma(Myanmar), Canada, Ceylon(Sri Lanka), Chili, China, Cuba,

Czechoslovakia, France, India, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New

Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe),

Syria, United Kingdom (UK), United States)were agreed on the GATT

concept. The objective of GATT was:

1. To give a boost to Trade Liberalization.

2. To provide tariff negotiation facility.

3. To promote International Trade

4. To solve the problem related with International Trade through

Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM)

GATT was succeeded to eliminate various trade barriers and also

succeed in lowering tariffs almost 45,000 tariff concessions affected $10

billion. The main objective of GATT was (i) Rule and Regulation of

International Trade (Multilateral Negotiations), and (ii) Tariff Concessions.

4.5 Brief History of All Negotiating Rounds

From the date of establish of GATT till today eight round have been

completed and the entire round have different subjects. GATT eight round

which is known as a Uruguay round is very famous and it covers most of the

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subject regarding Tariffs, Non-Tariff measures, rules, services, intellectual

property, dispute settlement, textiles, agriculture, creation of WTO, and so

on. After the success of this round which took eight year of time period from

1986 to1994, World Trade Organization (WTO) came into existence on 1st

January 1995. GATT rounds were started from 1947 (1st round) in Geneva,

1949 (2nd

round) in Annecy, 1951 (3rd

round) in Torquay, 1956 (4th

round) in

Geneva, 1960-61 (5th

round) in Dillon round (Geneva), 1964-67 (6th

round)

in Kennedy Round (Geneva), 1973-79 (7th

round) in Tokyo Round (Geneva),

1986-94 (8th

round) in Uruguay Round (Geneva) and 2001 to present (9th

round) in Doha Round.

Table-4.5; GATT and WTO Negotiating Rounds of Multilateral Trade

Liberalization

Sources: WTO website, “The GATT Years: From Havana to Marrakesh”

(www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/tif_e/fact4_e.htm).

4.5.1 GATT First Round in Geneva (1947)

The first round of GATT was held in Geneva, Switzerland on 30th

October 1947 and in its first round 23 countries participated and they agreed

Year Name

(Location) Subject Covered

No. of

Country

1947 Geneva Tariffs 23

1949 Annecy Tariffs 13

1951 Torquay Tariffs 38

1956 Geneva Tariffs 26

1960-61 Dillon Round

(Geneva) Tariffs 26

1964-67 Kennedy

(Geneva) Tariffs and antidumping measures 62

1973-79 Tokyo

(Geneva)

Tariffs, Non-Tariff measures,

“framework” agreement 102

1986-94 Uruguay

(Geneva)

Tariffs, Non-Tariff measures,

rules, services, intellectual

property, dispute settlement,

textiles, agriculture, creation of

WTO, and so on

128

2001-

Present Doha Round To be determined

To be

determined

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on the establishment of General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and

they led to the establishment of GATT itself. Another major thing was

45,000 reductions in participants‟ custom duties.

4.5.2 GATT Second Round in Annecy (1949)

The second round of GATT was held in Annecy which is in the

French Alps not for from Geneva. A total of 13 countries participated in this

round they agreed on a contract to reduce tariff which is known as

“Contracting Parties” and also agree to 5,000 tariff concessions.

4.5.3 GATT Third Round in Torquay (1957)

Torquay, England was he witness of third round of GATT which was held

on April 1951 and 38th

countries participated in this GATT round. The focus

point of this round was that all 38th

participating countries were agreed on

8,700 tariff concessions which were ¾ of the tariffs which were effect in

1948.

4.5.4 GATT Fourth Round in Geneva (1955-59)

The fourth round again came back in Geneva and this conference was

started in 1955 and concluded in 1959 almost took 4 years. 23rd

countries

participated in this round and they agreed on $ 2.5 billion tariff reduction

on Trade.

4.5.5 GATT Fifth Round in Geneva (Dillon Round) (1960-61)

On the Name of Douglas Dillon who was US Under-Secretary of

State this round is known as “Dillon Round”. He was the one who proposed

negotiations. This round was also held in Geneva from 1960 to 61 and 26th

countries participated in this round and they were agreed on reducing over $

4.9 billion in tariffs about 4,400 tariff concessions. The other main thing

was discussion on the establishment of new organization named as

European Economic Community (EEC).

4.5.6 GATT Sixth Round in Geneva (Kennedy Round-1964-67)

The 6th

round of GATT known as Kennedy round and this named

after the assignation of U. S. President John. F. Kennedy who was in favor

of the reformation of U.S. Trade agenda. This round was started from 1964

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till 1967 at Geneva and 62 countries who covers 75% of total world trade

participated in this round and all of them agreed on tariff concession worth $

40 billion of the world trade.

4.5.7 GATT Seventh Round in Geneva (Tokyo Round – 1973-79)

The 7th

round of GATT held in Tokyo from 1973 to 79 (74 months).

Tokyo round succeed because it continued GATT‟s efforts to reduce Tariffs

and make International Trade smoother. 102 countries participated in this

conference and make a commitment that they will not increase current tariff

rate which covers $ 300 billion. This was the first time when Subsidies,

Standards Code, Import licensing procedures, Custom valuation –

interpreting Article VII, Bovine meat Arrangement, Civil Aircraft,

Dairy products, Government Procurement etc. came under the Umbrella

of GATT.

4.5.8 GATT Eight Round in Uruguay (Uruguay Round 1986-94)

The 8th

round of GATT was held in Uruguay therefore it is known as

“Uruguay Round” scheduled from 1986 to 1994 (8 years).Although the

scheduled was to end this round in December in 1990 but the issue related

with farm subsidies on which U.S was not agreed which leads to delay in

this round by four year and finally this round end in 1994.

The Uruguay Round was most ambitious round of GATT and therefore

many major decision and negotiations took place in this round which are

mentioned below:-

Replacement of GATT and the establishment of World Trade

Organization (WTO).

Services and Agriculture included into negotiation.

Formation of Dispute Settlement Body.

First time Textiles and Clothing, Intellectual Properties included in

negotiations.

102 Tariffs and Non-Tariffs measures.

Tariff reduction about 40 per cent.

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Formation of Various Agreements such as :

Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)

Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC)

Agreement on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary measure (SPS)

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT‟s)

Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR‟s) etc.

One twenty eight countries participated in this round and there

member finally agreed on the final act of Uruguay round in Marrakesh.

Table-4.4; Key Dates of Uruguay Round of WTO

Key Dates of Uruguay Round of WTO

September 1986 Punta del Este Launch

December 1988 Montreal Ministerial mid-term review

April 1989 Geneva Mid-term review completed

December 1990 Brussels “Closing” ministerial meeting ends

in deadlock

December 1991 Geneva First draft of Final Act completed

November 1992 Washington US and EU achieve “Blair House”

break through on agriculture

July 1993 Tokyo Quad achieve market access

breakthrough at G& summit

December 1993 Geneva Most negotiations end (some market

access talks remain)

April 1994 Marrakesh Agreements signed

January 1995 Geneva WTO created, agreements take effect

Sources: WTO Website,

http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact5_e.htm

4.5.9 Doha Round (2001-Present)

As per scheduled Doha round started from November 2001 and this

round yet not concluded today. Bali packages of Doha Round signed by

http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact5_e.htm

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various countries recently on 7th

December 2013. In November 2001 Trade

ministers of the 140th

participating countries meet in Doha, Qatar and they

agreed to start talk from starting point or a new series of talk. In September

2003 member of 150 developed and developing countries started a new

round of talk about the International Trade in Cancun, Mexico. The

objective of this meeting was to reduce tariff rate so that International trade

can be smoother. This round also includes some negotiation related with

Environment, Patents, Labor standards, Competition, Investment etc.

Supachai Panitchpakdi, Former Director General of WTO (2002-2005),

described their view in respect with trade between developing countries

during Doha Round Agenda, in International Trade forum, August 2003 that:

“Enhanced South–South activity offers a potentially great

source of expanded trade opportunities in the coming decade.

Between 1990 and 2001, South–South trade grew faster than

world trade with the share of intra-developing country trade in

world merchandise exports rising from 6.5% to 10.6%”.

Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General noted in his speech in Davos on 28

January 2001 during World Economic Forum:

“For far too many people in the world today, greater openness

looms as a threat – a threat to their livelihoods, to their ways of

life, and to the ability of their governments to serve and protect

them. Even when it may be exaggerated or misplaced, „fear has

big eyes,‟ in the words of the Russian proverb. And, we might

add, it has the ear of governments, who feel compelled to

respond.”

4.6 How Much GATT Succeed

It is very difficult to say that GATT totally succeed but we can say

that with its various negative points GATT helped a lot to increasing World

Trade through Trade Liberalization policies. Initially it has very limited field

of action but later on it includes various new things in its umbrella through

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various negotiation. Continual tariff reduction help a lot to the International

Trade and therefore in the decade of 1950‟s and 1960‟s world trade achieved

a high growth rate about 8 per cent a year on an average but continual tariff

reduction to such a low level have its negative impact on various countries

and it lead to economic recessions in the decade of 1970‟s and early 1980‟s.

Trade liberalization process ensures that the growth rate of international

trade out-paced the growth of production during whole GATT era. All the

countries started to get more benefitted from the international trade through

low cost of product and tariff reduction facility. Entry of new members in

GATT during Uruguay round shows the interest of these countries toward

GATT. They join GATT because they analyzed that GATT‟s policies and

trade reform can be more beneficial for their economic growth and

development.

Uruguay Round was the last round of GATT which took eight year in

its completion from 1986 to 1994 and finally led to the creation of World

Trade Organization (WTO). The main difference between GATT and WTO

is that GATT only dealt in the trade of goods whereas WTO is not only

dealing with the trade of goods but also includes Services, Intellectual

Property, Agriculture etc. in its basket.

4.6.1 Positive Points of GATT

1. 8 per cent growth rate a year on average in the world trade

during1950‟s to 1960‟s.

2. Due to world trade rate of production also increased.

3. Multilateral trade agreement concept came in existence and becomes

an anchor for the growth and development of country.

4.6.2 Negative Points of GATT

1. Due to entrance of foreign countries many countries started to protect

their home industry.

2. The rate of unemployment also increased with high rate.

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3. Western Europe and North America affected very much due to foreign

competitor who lead to close their factory so finally they have to

adopt Bilateral Trading system rather than Multilateral Trading

system.

These are the negative impact of GATT which makes a question mark

on the effectiveness and credibility of GATT.

4.7 World Trade Organization – WTO (1995)

World Trade Organization (WTO) is an International organization for

the Trade opening at global level; a platform for the member countries for

the negotiation of Trade agreements; a forum to settle all the trade disputes

with rule and regulation; an international body to maintain a system

regarding rule and regulation of International Trade etc. Thus WTO is an

International body of Trade regulation at global level. WTO office is situated

at Geneva, Switzerland. This organization was established in 1 January

1995. Till the date WTO has its 160 member countries. Yemen is the 160th

member country joined WTO on 26th

June 2014 and almost 25th

other

counties are the observer and they may be also a member country of WTO in

future.

The working of WTO is based on the negotiation decision which has

been taken in its ministerial conferences. The work done by the WTO is

based on the negotiations of the GATT Uruguay round which was the 8th

conference of the GATT from 1986-94. GATT (General Agreement on

Tariff and Trade) was the earliest form of WTO established in 1 January

1995. The WTO at present is the result of GATT negotiation before the

establishment of World Trade Organization on 1st January 1995. But Today

WTO is working on the basis of its “Doha round Agenda” which was

launched in 2001.

At International level every country has to face trade barriers which

may be of any type. WTO works to remove these trade barriers for free

smooth of International trade but sometime it also maintain such tariff

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barriers to protect consumer or to prevent of various spreadable disease

which can be harmful for other member countries.

Negotiations are the backbone of working of WTO because

negotiation signed by any member country is the acceptance by those

countries that they will follow all the rule and regulations which was

mentioned in negotiation. Negotiation is the legal acceptance for smooth

flow of International Trade. It is a type of contract at which its member

countries are ready for their international issues regarding trade and

developments. This negotiation helps all the exporters, importers, producers

of goods and services for the smooth flow of their business.

The idea behind WTO establishment was to promote the free trade

concept means to make international trade flow as freely as possible for the

member countries of WTO and also remove undesirable side effects from

the trade. WTO negotiations, agreements provide a legal acceptance of the

member country which makes exporter and importer surety that all the trade

activities will be done through rule and regulation of the WTO negotiations

which means there will be no sudden changes in policies regarding trade and

these rules and regulation makes economic activity more transparent.

There are various issues generally arises during international trade

between trading countries and many times it becomes very difficult for the

trading country to solve out such situations. For such types of issue WTO

has been established the Dispute Settlement Bodies which works under the

WTO agreements in case of disputes arises. This body provides a legal

platform to solve any trade related problem in trading countries.

WTO working is based on the decision of its member governments

and all the major decisions have been taken by its member‟s governments.

Member governments include various Ministers, Ambassadors or its

Delegates who meets at least once every two years and on regularly basis

respectively in Geneva, Switzerland. The roles of Secretariat Employees are

also very important in all the decision whether they are minor or major.

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There are almost 600 Secretariats employees. These secretariat employees

report WTO on daily basis about implementation of rule and regulation,

updates, so that it becomes very helpful to make decisions by member states.

WTO working is based on the negotiations and these negations are

made in WTO through ministers during ministerial conference. These

negations are not stable in nature which means they always changed

according to new decision taken by ministers in ministerial conferences.

WTO agreements cover all the trade related with Intellectual property, goods

and services etc. It promote its member countries for lower custom tariffs, to

remove trade barriers, to provide and open market etc. from the smooth flow

of international trade because international trade are directly related with the

economic growth of country.

Every member country has to make a transparent trade policy

according to the law of World Trade Organization. These are various

councils and committees of WTO which keep on their eye on member

countries trade policy and they also ensure for the proper implementation of

rule and regulation of World Trade Organization. WTO secretariat also

performs a major role for proper implementation of WTO laws and they also

scrutinize and revised the trade policy of member countries time to time.

In case of any disputes arises regarding trade in the member countries

then Dispute Settlement Body of WTO solve that disputes according to the

rule and regulation of agreements. Dispute settlement is very necessary for

the smooth flow of international Trade. Dispute Settlement body is a legal

body of WTO which have various expert regarding laws, economic field etc.

For the better flow of International Trade WTO also provides various

aids to the developing countries so that they can develop better skills and

good infrastructure which is very must for the International Trade. For the

better understanding of Trade, WTO also conducts various courses regarding

trade at the head office in Geneva for the government officials. Apart from

that WTO makes various special provision for the developing countries like

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provision for improving trade opportunity; provision for dispute settlement;

financial and moral support to build up their trade capacity etc.

WTO also maintains healthy communication with most of the NGO‟s,

media houses, international organizations etc. so that a common man and

society can easily understand the aim and objectives of WTO. Through its

effective communications and awareness WTO easily communicate its

policy all over the world. All the decisions and working of WTO is based on

its agreements. An agreement is a legal acceptance of its member countries.

These agreements are generally very lengthy and complex in nature because

it covers a wide range of negotiations or activities related with International

Trade. These agreements ensure to individuals and all countries that there

will be no discrimination by its member countries regarding trade activities

if any member country do not follow its rule and due to this other countries‟

trade affected then dispute settlement body solve that problem.

WTO also stand for the trade barriers which is generally adopted by

various countries to protect their domestic market or sometime also to stop

import of foreign countries. WTO observe all these activities like rate of

custom duties, quota or various other measures also and WTO also

encouraged investment and ensures investors and governments that trade

barriers will not become obstacles for them. For the development of trade

WTO tries to stop unfair means such as high rate of import duties, dumping

products even below cost etc. WTO also work for the under developed

countries who are still in transition phase of economy to market economy.

WTO makes a special provision for such countries such as; it provides

excess time for the adoption of WTO agreements, Provides special

privileges to become more familiar with WTO so that at global level there

may be a healthy environment for International Trade.

WTO is also very aware for the environment. It has a special

provision for the member countries to protect environment from the side

effects of business. According to WTO every government and companies

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should be aware for the environment so that plant health, animal can be

maintained.

4.7.1 Rule, Regulation and Principles of WTO Law

WTO is an international organization that is why its law is very

complex and specialized. WTO law deals with a wide range of issues such as

tariffs, import quota, intellectual property rights, national security measures,

food safety measures, export import of goods and services etc. WTO rules

and principles can be categorized into following groups like,

WTO rules based on the non-discrimination issues.

WTO rules based on the market access.

WTO rules based on the unfair trade of the countries.

WTO rules based on the conflict solution arise due to trade

liberalization and other society related values.

WTO rules based on the special and different cases of the developing

countries.

WTO rules based on the key institutional and procedure relating with

the dispute settlement mechanism and decision making.

The rules and principle mentioned above collectively known as

multilateral trading system. Mr. Peter Sutherland express his view regarding

this multilateral trading system in 2001:

“The multilateral trading system, with the World Trade

Organization (WTO) at its center, is the most important tool of

global economic management and development we possess.”

4.7.2 Sources of the Law of World Trade Organization

There are various sources for the WTO law and all are not mentioned

below but some of them are described. There are various principal and basic

source of the WTO law which takes place in the Marrakesh meeting and

therefore it is known as Marrakesh Agreement. This agreement implemented

from 1st January 1995 on all the member countries of WTO. There are

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various other sources such as reports of the WTO dispute settlement body,

various international agreements, customary international law etc.

4.7.2.1 Marrakesh Agreement

These are the basic agreement of the WTO consist large number of

issues and these agreement are responsible for the establishment of the

WTO. These agreements are meant to make international trade smoother on

international level. These agreements are described below:

ANNEX 1 A: Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1944

Agreement on Agriculture (AOA)

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)

Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)

Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC)

Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary

measures (SPS)

Agreement on Pre-shipment Inspection

Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

Agreement on Safeguards

Agreement on Rules of Origin

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures

Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General

Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General

ANNEX 1B: General Agreement on Trade in Services and Annexes

ANNEX 1C: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property

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Rights (TRIPs)

ANNEX 2: Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the

Settlement of Disputes

ANNEX 3: Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)

ANNEX 4: Agreement on Plurilateral Trade

Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft (TCA)

Agreement on Government Procurement

Annexes, Article II states the relationship between

WTO agreements and Annexes

“2. The agreements and associated legal instruments included in

Annexes 1, 2 and 3 (hereinafter referred to as „„Multilateral

Trade Agreements‟‟) are integral parts of this Agreement,

binding on all Members. The official version of the WTO

Agreement and its Annexes is published by the WTO and

Cambridge University Press as Legal Texts: The Results of the

Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations. The Legal

Texts are an indispensable instrument for international trade

law practitioners and scholars.

3. The agreements and associated legal instruments included in

Annex 4 (hereinafter referred to as „„Plurilateral Trade

Agreements‟‟) are also part of this Agreement for those

Members that have accepted them, and are binding on those

Members. The Plurilateral Trade Agreements do not create

either obligations or rights for Members that have not accepted

them.”

WTO agreements are the same for all its member countries. There is no any

type of discrimination in agreement. Article XVI: 3 mentioned below:

“In the event of a conflict between a provision of this Agreement

and a provision of any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, the

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provision of this Agreement shall prevail to the extent of the

conflict.”

4.7.3 Structure or Hierarchy of World Trade Organization (WTO)

WTO is an international body came into existence on 1 January 1995

after fully replacing GATT. It is an organization dealing with international

trade related issue in member countries. Its working is based on negotiation

which is a collective decision of its member countries. The structure of

WTO includes various working bodies mentioned below:

Ministerial Conference

General Councils

Trade Policy Review Body

Dispute Settlement Body

Councils on Trade in Goods and Services

Director General and Secretariats

Committee on Trade and Development and Committee on Trade and

Environment etc.

4.7.4 Ministerial Conferences

It includes the Ministers of International Trade of member countries

who represent their view on the behalf of their country. Ministerial

Conference is a governing body of World Trade Organization. The final

decision on any issues is taken by Ministerial Conference and they are also

responsible for setting a strategic direction to the WTO. Ministerial

Conference meets once at a two year. All the decision are taken by WTO is

only after consensus of its member country but there is also a procedure of

voting for any decision because many times it becomes very difficult that all

160th

member countries get agree on each and every decision taken by

Ministerial Conference.

Article IV: 1 of the WTO Agreement states:

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“There shall be a Ministerial Conference composed of

representatives of all the Members, which shall meet at least

once every two years. The Ministerial Conference shall carry

out the functions of the WTO and take actions necessary to this

effect. The Ministerial Conference shall have the authority to

take decisions on all matters under any of the Multilateral Trade

Agreements, if so requested by a Member, in accordance with

the specific requirements for decision-making in this Agreement

and in the relevant Multilateral Trade Agreement.”

Table-4.7.4; Ministerial Conferences Held from December 1996 till

Present

Year Place

3-6 December 2013 Bali

15-17 December 2011 Geneva

30 November - 2 December 2009 Geneva

13-18 December 2005 Hong Kong

10-14 September 2003 Cancún

9-13 November 2001 Doha

30 November – December 3,1999 Seattle

18-20 May 1998 Geneva

9-13 December 1996 Singapore

Sources: http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/minist_e.htm

4.7.5 General Councils

General Councils are the working body and it includes ambassador

level officers from all its member countries who report WTO for the proper

working and implementation of all the rule and regulations of World Trade

Organization. General Councils is based in Geneva in WTO headquarters. It

is a decision making body of WTO for most of the issue. There are various

other bodies associated with WTO who report General Councils Such as

Trade Policy Review Policy, Dispute Settlement Body etc.

http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/mc9_e.htm

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“There shall be a General Council composed of representatives

of all the Members, which shall meet as appropriate. In the

intervals between meetings of the Ministerial Conference, its

functions shall be conducted by the General Council. The

General Council shall also carry out the functions assigned to it

by this Agreement. The General Council shall establish its rules

of procedure and approve the rules of procedure for the

Committees provided for in paragraph 7.”

4.7.6 Trade Policy Review Policy

Trade policy review body is a result of Uruguay Round which has

representative from all the member countries. This body reviews the Trade

Policy and also observes that whether WTO rule and regulation and policy

are implementing by the member countries in a proper way or not.

4.7.7 Dispute Settlement Body

Dispute Settlement Body legally solves out the entire dispute related

with International Trade of Goods and Services, Intellectual Property Rights

etc. It follows Disputed Settlement Mechanism (DSM). It has representative

from its member countries who observer implementation and effectiveness

of WTO agreements.

The cases are heard by the Dispute Resolution Panel who chooses

individually for each case and also the observation by Permanent Appellate

Body which was established in 1994. The entire member has to follow

Dispute resolution.

Article IV: 3 and 4 of the WTO Agreement state respectively:

“3. The General Council shall convene as appropriate to

discharge the responsibilities of the Dispute Settlement Body

provided for in the Dispute Settlement Understanding. The

Dispute Settlement Body may have its own chairman and shall

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establish such rules of procedure as it deems necessary for the

fulfillment of those responsibilities.

4. The General Council shall convene as appropriate to

discharge the responsibilities of the Trade Policy Review Body

provided for in the TPRM. The Trade Policy Review Body may

have its own chairman and shall establish such rules of

procedure as it deems necessary for the fulfillment of those

responsibilities.”

4.7.8 Councils on Trade in Goods and Services

This council is composed of all the member of World Trade

Organization (WTO). They observed the general and specific agreements

related with the trade of goods and services. It also has a special council who

observe Intellectual Property Right related agreements.


“There shall be a Council for Trade in Goods, a Council for

Trade in Services and a Council for Trade-Related Aspects of

Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the

„„Council for TRIPS‟‟), which shall operate under the general

guidance of the General Council. The Council for Trade in

Goods shall oversee the functioning of the Multilateral Trade

Agreements in Annex 1A. The Council for Trade in Services

shall oversee the functioning of the General Agreement on Trade

in Services (hereinafter referred to as „„GATS‟‟).The Council for

TRIPS shall oversee the functioning of the Agreement on Trade-

Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter

referred to as the „„Agreement on TRIPS‟‟). These Councils

shall carry out the functions assigned to them by their respective

agreements and by the General Council. They shall establish

their respective rules of procedure subject to the approval of the

General Council. Membership in these Councils shall be open to

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representatives of all Members. These Councils shall meet as

necessary to carry out their functions.”

4.7.9 Director General and Secretariats

WTO head office is in Geneva with its almost 700 secretariats who

report Director General of WTO. At present Roberto Azevedo is the Director

General of World Trade Organization. Director General (DG) is elected by

the member state. Secretariat does not have any legal power to take decision

they are only an administrative level officers.

4.7.10 Committee on Trade and Development and Committee on Trade and

Environment

There are various committees established in 1994 after the Marrakesh

Agreement. They focus on economic development and environment related

issues and observe that how WTO agreement can be more beneficial for

sustainable growth and development. Committee on Trade and Development

was established in 1965 and Committee on Trade and Environment was

established in 1971.

Article IV: 7 of the WTO Agreement states in relevant part:

“The Ministerial Conference shall establish a Committee on

Trade and Development, a Committee on Balance-of-Payments

Restrictions and a Committee on Budget, Finance and

Administration, which shall carry out the functions assigned to

them by this Agreement and by the Multilateral Trade

Agreements, and any additional functions assigned to them by

the General Council, and may establish such additional

Committees with such functions as it may deem appropriate. . . .

Membership in these Committees shall be open to

representatives of all Members.”

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4.7.11 Organization Chart of World Trade Organization (WTO)

World Trade Organization includes various Councils, Committees,

and Dispute Settlement Body etc. for the proper working and they are

describe in an Organization Chart of WTO.

Figure-4.7.11; Organization Chart of World Trade Organization

(WTO)

Key:

Reporting to General Council (or a subsidiary)

Reporting to Dispute Settlement Body

Plurilateral committees inform the General Council or Goods Council of their

activities, although these agreements are not signed by all WTO members

Trade Negotiations Committee reports to General Council

The General Council also meets as the Trade Policy Review Body and Dispute Settlement Body.

Source: WTO Website, http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org2_e.htm

4.8 Functions of the World Trade Organization

There are various functions which are performed by World Trade

Organization which have been mentioned below:

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It oversees the Administration, Operation and Implementation of

WTO agreements by member countries.

It provides a legal platform for trade disputes between member

country and for this WTO have Dispute Settlement Body which

solves international trade related disputes through its Dispute

Settlement Mechanism (DSM).

It also provides a platform to member countries for the negotiation of

World Trade so that International trade can get maximum growth

rate.

Additionally WTO also reviews the National Trade Policy and also

ensure about the transparency of the trade policy.

WTO also provides Technical assistance and training to the least

developed, developing countries so that they can grow better.

WTO maintain a good relationship with other international

organizations like International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (IBRD) or World Bank, International Monetary Fund

(IMF) etc. so that international trade can be more smoothly and also

for the economic growth and development.

WTO also works to increase employment in all over the world and to

reduce the rate of unemployment in all member countries.

Another main function is to lower down the tariff rate so that the

production of Goods and Services can increase till its optimum level.

WTO function is also to maintain and raising the standard of living of

a common man.

Article III of the WTO Agreement states the functions of WTO:

“1. The WTO shall facilitate the implementation, administration

and operation, and further the objectives, of this Agreement and

of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and shall also provide the

framework for the implementation, administration and operation

of the Plurilateral Trade Agreements.

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2. The WTO shall provide the forum for negotiations among its

Members concerning their multilateral trade relations in matters

dealt with under the agreements in the Annexes to this

Agreement. The WTO may also provide a forum for further

negotiations among its Members concerning their multilateral

trade relations, and a framework for the implementation of the

results of such negotiations, as may be decided by the

Ministerial Conference.

3. The WTO shall administer the Understanding on Rules and

Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (hereinafter

referred to as the „„Dispute Settlement Understanding‟‟ or

„„DSU‟‟) in Annex 2 to this Agreement.

4. The WTO shall administer the Trade Policy Review

Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the „„TPRM‟‟) provided

for in Annex 3 to this Agreement.

5. With a view to achieving greater coherence in global

economic policy-making, the WTO shall cooperate, as

appropriate, with the International Monetary Fund and with the

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its

affiliated agencies.”

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5. Indian Agriculture Sector

5.1 Agriculture Sector (Types, Season, Production) in India

The science of farming including cultivation of the soil and rearing of

animals is called “agriculture”. The term agriculture has been derived from

the Latin word ager meaning field, and cultura meaning cultivation. Same

kind of plants like cereal (grains) crops, Pulses and Oil seeds, fiber crops etc.

cultivated and grown in large quantities in a field are known as crop plants.

There are various variety of plants in cereal category but in India generally

rice, wheat, maize are mostly cultivated.

5.1.1 Cereals or Grain Crops

These are most common plant which are tall and their seed are of

high nutritional value known as grains. This is used in a major diet in India.

Wheat and Rice provides carbohydrates, Pulses contain high value of

proteins in it and oil seeds crops provide us oil/fats. Data shows that India is

a one of the major producer of wheat about 200 million tonnes wheat and

rice produced in India to feed its 1.25 billion populations.

Table-5.1.1; Types of Crops in India

Sl. No. Types of Crops Examples

1. Cereals or grain crops Wheat, Rice, Maize, Barley,

2. Oil Seeds Soya bean, Mustard, Ground,

Sunflower

3. Fiber crops Cotton, Jute

4. Pulses (Dals) or Legumes Beans, Peas, Grams

5. Root crops Carrot, Sweet Potato

5.1.2 Horticultural Crops

Apart from cereals, oil seeds, fiber crops there is another category

known as Horticultural Crops which is made from two words Hortus +

Culture (Hortus means garden and culture means cultivation). Horticulture

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crops contain the cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers. These are also

produce on a large scale but generally not as large as crop plants. These

plants provides us minerals, vitamins etc.

Table-5.1.2; Types of Horticulture Crops

Sl. No. Types of Crops Examples

1. Vegetables Onion, Tomato, Potato, Cabbage, Radish

2. Fruits Mango, Bananas, Grapes, Orange, Watermelon,

3. Flowers Lotus, Rose, Sun flower, Balsam, Marigold

5.2 Seasons of Crop

India is very different in crop seasons. There are two main seasons

known as Kharif season and another one is Rabi season. Rabi crops are

cultivation during the winter season from October to April that‟s why it is

also known as winter crops. In the month of October-November these crops

are sown and harvested during the month of March-April. This crop includes

the production of Potato, Mustard, and Barley etc. Kharif crops which are

also known as summer crops because it is sown in the month of June-July

and harvested in the month of September-October. These crops are sown in

the rainy season. This crop includes the production of Maize, Cotton, Paddy

plants, Ground nut plants etc.

Table-5.2; Season of Crops in India

Sl. No. Types of Seasons Example

1.

Rabi Crops or Winter Crop

(October-November to March-

April)

Potato, Mustard, and Barley

etc.

2. Kharif crops or Summer Crops

(June-July to September-October)

Maize, Cotton, Paddy plants,

Ground nut plants etc.

5.3 National Food Security Mission (NFSM)

This mission has setup a new target for the production of food grains

up to 25 million tonnes up to the 2016-17 after achieving the target of 20

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million tonnes in last year. The targets for 2016-17 for following

commodities are:

Rice – 10 million tonnes

Wheat – 8 million tonnes

Pulses – 4 million tonnes

Coarse Cereals – 3 million

Government also has a plan to help farmers through organizational

help named as Former Producer Organizations (FPO‟s) which aim is to

improving cropping system and also focus on small and marginal farmers.

Government also helps through various funding programmes such as

Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).

For the 12th

five year plan this scheme funds 35% in production

growth 35% in infrastructure and assets, 20% in sub schemes, 10% in

flexible fund. Another scheme named Bringing Green Revolution of Eastern

India (BGREI) has allocated 1000 Crore rupees. In 2003-14 paddy

production increased in various states (those who implementing this scheme)

by 7 % in the year of 2012-13 over 2011-12.

5.4 Aggregate Growth Rates of Principle Crops

Some of the major changes occurred in the field of Area, Production and

Yield during last few decades has been given in Table -5.4.

Rice – Table-5.4 shows that Area of Rice (% per annum) has been decreased

from 0.41 % in 1980 to 0.00 % in 2014. Production of Rice decreased from

3.62 % per annum in 1980-81 to 1989-90 to 1.82 % per annum in 2000-01 to

2013-14 and Yield of Rice also decreased from 3.19% in 1980-90 to 1.82 %

in 2000-14.

Wheat - Table-5.4 shows that Area of Wheat (% per annum) has a

tremendous growth rate in the Production from 0.46 % per annum in 1980-

90 to 1.35 % in 2000-2014. But Production of Wheat decreased from 3.57 %

per annum in 1980-81 to 1989-90 to 2.65 % per annum in 2000-01 to 2013-

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14 and Yield of Wheat also decreased from 3.10% in 1980-90 to 1.29 % in

2000-14.

Coarse cereals - Table-5.4 shows that Area of Coarse Cereals got a positive

growth (0.2%) which was negative earlier in 1980-90, Production level

increased from0.40 % in 1980-90 to 2.96 % per annum in 2000 – 14. Yield

has achieved a growth level from 1.62 % in 1980 – 90, 1.82 % in 1990 –

2000 and 2.70 % in 2000-14.

Pulses – Table-5.4 shows that Growth rate of Area in case of pulses has

achieved positive growth rate from the negative growth rate which was -0.09

% in 180-90 and 1059 % per annum in 2000-14. Production has increased

from 1052 % per annum in 1980 to 3.72 % in 2014.

Sugarcane - Table-5.4 shows Growth rate of Sugarcane Area was 1.44 %

per annum during 1980 – 90 which was later in negative -0.07 % per annum

during 1990 to 2000 but in the 2000 to 2014 it achieved a positive growth

rate of 1.34 per cent per annum but Production of sugarcane has been

decreased from 2.70 % per annum during 1980 – 90 later which was almost

same 2.73 % per annum during 1990 to 2000 but during 2000 to 2014 it is

still negative with 2.10 per annum.

Nine Oilseeds - Table-5.4 shows that Data shows that Area of Oilseeds has a

negative growth rate in the from 1.51 % per annum in 1980-90 to 0.86 % in

1990 – 2000 and later on in during the year of 2000 – 2014 it was achieved

positive growth rate which was 2035 % per annum. But Production of Wheat

decreased from 5.20 % per annum in 1980-81 to 1.15 % in 1989-90 but it

was 4.71 % per annum in 2000-01 to 2013-14 and Yield of Oilseeds also

decreased from 2.43 % in 1980-90 to 2.31 % in 2000-14.

Cotton - Table-5.4 shows that Growth rate of Cotton Area achieved a

positive growth rate after 1980.It was -1.25 % per annum during 1980 – 90

which was later in positive 2.71 % per annum during 1990 to 2000 and

during the year of 2000 to 2014 it achieved a tremendous positive growth

rate of 3.22 per cent per annum. Production of sugarcane was almost same in

the decades of 80‟s and 90‟s 2.80 % per annum during 1980 – 90 and 2.71 %

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in 1990 – 2000 but during the year of 2000 – 2014 it achieved a high growth

rate up to 13.53 % per annum, Yield of Cotton decreased from 4.10 % in

1980-90 to -0.41 % in 1990 – 2000 but later on it also achieved high growth

rate of 9.99 % per annum during the year of 2000 – 2014.

Table-5.4; Aggregate Growth Rates of Principle Crops

A - Growth rate of area, P – Growth rate of production, Y – Growth rate of Yield (% per annum)

Crop (Base: TE 1981-82=100) (Base: TE 1993-94=100)

1980-81 to 1989-90 1990-91 to 1999-2000 2000-01 to 2013-14

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Rice 0.41 3.62 3.19 0.68 2.02 1.34 0.00 1.82 1.82

Wheat 0.46 3.57 3.10 1.72 3.57 1.84 1.35 2.65 1.29

Coarse

Cereals

-1.34 0.40 1.62 -2.12 -0.02 1.82 0.25 2.96 2.70

Pulses -0.09 1.52 1.61 -0.60 0.59 0.93 1.59 3.72 2.10

Sugarcane 1.44 2.70 1.24 -0.07 2.73 1.05 1.34 2.10 0.75

Nine

Oilseeds

1.51 5.20 2.43 0.86 1.63 1.15 2.35 4.71 2.31

Cotton -1.25 2.80 4.10 2.71 2.29 -0.41 3.22 13.53 9.99

Note: TE – Triennium Ending, Nine Oilseeds includes, Soya bean, sesamum, groundnut, Niger seed,

safflower, rapeseed and mustard, sunflower, linseed, castor seed as per 2nd

AE (Advance

Estimation) (Base: TE 1981-82=100), and for 2000-01 to 2013-14 (Base: TE 1993-94=100)

Source: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

5.5 Economic Indicators of Interest

In Table-5.5, some economic indicator has been mentioned like GDP

at factor cost, Agriculture Production, Output, Foreign Trade etc.

GDP at Factor Cost (At Current Prices) - GDP data shows that GDP at

factor cost ( at current prices) in the year of 1950-51 was just only 10036 `

Crore and 132520 ` Crore in 1980-814 and in the decade of 2010 it was

7266966 ` Crore and according to Economic survey 2012-13 Provisional

data of 2012-13 was 9461013 ` Crore.

Page | 93

GDP at Factor Cost (At 2004-05 Price) - In case of GDP at factor Cost (at

2004-05 price) was 2796.18 ` Crore in 1950-51 and it was 641921 ` Crore in

the year of 1980-81 ` Crore and in the decades of 2010 it was ` 4937006

Crore and at last year 2012-13 GDP at factor price (at 2004-05 price) was

5505.437.

Food Grains Output - Data of food grains output shows that in the year of

1950-51 output of food grains was 506 million tonnes and it increased to

129.6 million tonnes in the year of 1980-81 and it was 244.55 million tonnes

in 2010-11 and last year 2012-13 data shows that food grains output was

255.36 million tonnes according to 4th

advance estimates.

International Trade – Export data shows that in year of 1950-51 total

export of India was only 606 ` Crore in Dollar it was only 1269 US$ million

which increased year by year and in the year of 1980 – 81 total export of

India was 6711 ` Crore or 8486 US$ million and in 2010-11 it was 1142922

` Crore or 251136 US $ million and last year data (2012-13) total export was

` 1635261 Crore or 300571 US$ million.

Import of India increased more in the ratio of export it was 608 `

Crore (1273 US$ million) in 1950-51 and it increased 12549 ` Crore (15869

US$ million) in 1980-81 and in the decade of 2010 total import was `

1683467 Crore) 369769US$million). At last year data (1012-13) total import

of India was ` 2673113 Crore (491487 US $ million).

Table-5.5; Statistical Data of Selected Economic Indicators in India

Economic

Indicator Unit 1950-51 1980-81 2010-11

2011-12

(R)

2012-13

(P)

GDP at factor cost

(at current prices) (` Crore) 10036 132520 7266966 8353495 9461013

GDP at factor cost

(at 2004 – 05

prices)

(` Crore) 279618 641921 4937006 5243582 5505437

Index of

agricultural

production

(Base: T.E 2007-

08=100 Onward

2007-08)

46.2 102.1 121.1 125.3 122.8

Page | 94

Output

(a) Food grains Million

Tonnes 50.8 129.6 244.5 259.29 255.36(e)

Foreign Trade

(i) Exports (` Crore) 606 6711 1142922 1465959 1635261

(US $ million) 1269 8486 251136 305963.9 300571

(ii) Imports (` Crore) 608 12549 1683467 2345463 2673113

(US $ million) 1273 15869 369769 489319.5 491487

P: Provisional. R: Revised estimates. e: 4th Advance Estimates.

Source: Economic Survey 2012-13, Ministry of Finance and Handbook of Statistics on Indian

Economy 2013, RBI

5.6 Year-Wise Expenditure of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation

Table-5.6 shows that every year government increasing its budget for

the agriculture growth. In the year of 1991-91 budget estimate was 1041.35 `

Crore. And revised estimate was 1016.936 ` Crore but Actual expenditure

was less than estimation it was 957.86 ` Crore.

Table-5.6 shows that in the year of 2001-02 budget estimation was

1985.00 Crore and revised estimate was ` 1985.00 Crore but Actual

expenditure was less than expenditure which was Rs 1792.92 Crore.

In Table-5.6, it may be observed that budget estimates again

increased after 10 year which was ` 15042.00 Crore in the year of 2010-11

and revised estimate amount was ` 17254.00 Crore and actual expenditure

was Rs 17052.59 Crore.

Last year 2012-13 budget estimates increased from 17122.87 Rs

Crore in 2011-12 to 202508.00 ` Crore in 2012-13 and revised estimation

Table-5.5 shows that it was 16515.05 ` Crore in 2011-12 and 17867.32 `

Crore in the year of 2012-13 where Actual estimate was 16354.70 ` Crore in

2011-12 and 17765.24 ` Crore in 2012-13.

Table-5.6 shows that budget estimate in the year of 1991-92 was just

only ` 1041.35 Crore only but after 22 year it increased 20 times which was

20208.00 ` Crore in the year of 2012-13. Where Actual Expenditure on

Agriculture also increase almost 18 times which was just 957.86 ` Crore in

1991-92 and 17765.24 ` Crore in the year of 2012-13

Page | 95

Table-5.6; Year-wise Expenditure of Department of Agriculture and

Cooperation (` In Crore)

Year Budget Estimate Revised Estimate Actual Expenditure

1991-92 1041.35 1016.93 957.86

2001-02 1985.00 1985.00 1792.92

2004-05 2650.00 -- 2657.42

2009-10 11307.07 10965.23 10870.15

2010-11 15042.00 17254.00 17052.59

2011-12 17122.87 16515.05 16354.70

2012-13 20208.00 17867.32 17765.24

Source: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Plan Coordination Division

5.7 Outlays / Expenditure under Agriculture & Allied Activities

Table-5.7 and Figure-5.7 depicts Government Outlays/Expenditure

under agriculture and allied sector.

Actual estimates for the Crop Husbandry sector was 8066 ` Crore and

the Budget estimates in 2012-13 was 9034 ` Crore which was further revised

8071 ` Crore in the same year 2012-13.

In 2013-14, budget estimate was 9876 ` Crore. Actual estimates,

Budget estimates for the Horticulture sector in 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-

14 is not available. Actual estimates for the Soil & Water Conservation

sector was 15 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in 2012-13 was 16 ` Crore

which was further revised 16 ` Crore in the same year 2012-13.

In 2013-14, budget estimate was 19 ` Crore. Actual estimates for the

Animal Husbandry sector was 724 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in

2012-13 was 1063 ` Crore which was further revised 849 ` Crore in the

same year 2012-13. In 2013-14, budget estimate was 975 ` Crore. Actual

estimates for the Dairy Development sector was 196 ` Crore and the Budget

estimates in 2012-13 was 353 ` Crore which was further revised 494 ` Crore

in the same year 2012-13.

Page | 96


Fisheries sector was 304 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in 2012-13 was

299 ` Crore which was further revised 273 ` Crore in the same year 2012-13.


Forestry & Wild Life sector was 914 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in

2012-13 was 907 ` Crore which was further revised 755 ` Crore in the same

year 2012-13.

In 2013-14, budget estimate was 1041 ` Crore. Actual estimates for

the Plantation sector was 595 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in 2012-13

was 446 ` Crore which was further revised 404 ` Crore in the same year

2012-13. In 2013-14, budget estimate was 458 ` Crore. Actual estimates for

the Food Storage & Warehousing sector was 703 ` Crore and the Budget


in the same year 2012-13.


Agriculture, Research & Education sector was 2573 ` Crore and the Budget

estimates in 2012-13 was 2898 ` Crore which was further revised 2294 `

Crore in the same year 2012-13. In 2013-14, budget estimate was 3113 `

Crore. Actual estimates for the Agricultural Financial Institute sector was

8066 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in 2012-13 was 9034 ` Crore which

was further revised 8071 ` Crore in the same year 2012-13. In 2013-14,

Budget estimates were 9876 ` Crore.

Actual estimates, Budget estimates for the Agricultural Financial

Institute sector in 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 is not available. Actual

estimates for the Cooperation sector was 124 ` Crore and the Budget


in the same year 2012-13. In 2013-14, Budget estimates were 121 ` Crore.

Actual estimates for the Other Agricultural Programmes sector was

1980 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in 2012-13 was 1764 ` Crore which

was further revised 1996 ` Crore in the same year 2012-13. In 2013-14,

Budget estimates were 1535 ` Crore. Actual estimates for the Total sector

Page | 97

was 16194 ` Crore and the Budget estimates in 2012-13 was 17692 ` Crore

which was further revised 15971 ` Crore in the same year 2012-13. In 2013-

14, budget estimates was 18781 ` Crore.

Table-5.7; Outlays / Expenditure under Agriculture & Allied Activities

(` Crore)

Sector

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

AE (#) BE RE (#) BE (#)

Crop Husbandry 8066 9034 8071 9876

Horticulture NA NA NA NA

Soil & Water Conservation 15 16 16 19

Animal Husbandry 724 1063 849 975

Dairy Development 196 353 494 525

Fisheries 304 299 273 317

Forestry & Wild Life 914 907 755 1041

Plantation 595 446 404 458

Food Storage & Warehousing 703 787 726 801

Agriculture, Research &

Education

2573 2898 2294 3113

Agricultural Financial Institute NA NA NA NA

Cooperation 124 125 93 121

Other Agricultural Programmes 1980 1764 1996 1535

Total 16194 17692 15971 18781 Notes : Totals may not tally due to rounding off of the figures.

BE- Budget Estimates. RE - Revised Estimates NA- Not Available

# For Centre only, as figures for States & UTs are not available..

Source: Plan Documents and Budget Documents. For State Outlays, States Plans Division,

Planning Commission

Figure-5.7; Year-wise Expenditure of Department of Agriculture &

Cooperation

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1991-922001-022004-052009-102010-112011-122011-12

Rs.

Cro

re

Year

BudgetEstimate inRs. Crore

RevisedEstimate inRs. Crore

ActualExpenditurein Rs. Crore

Page | 98

5.8 Percentage Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Factor Cost

Table-5.8 explains Percentage Share of Gross Domestic Product

(GDP) at Factor Cost of various sector such as Primary sector, Secondary

and Tertiary sector of the economy for the year of 1950-51, 2010-11, 2011-

12, 2012-13,

Percentage Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Factor of

Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing Industry in 1950-51 was 51.9 per cent which

was 14.5 per cent in 2010-11 and 14.1 per cent in 2011 – 12 it finally

provisionally data for 2012-13 is 13.7 per cent. Percentage Share of Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) at Factor of Industry Sector in 1950-51 was 16.2

per cent which was 28.2 per cent in 2010-11 and 27.5 per cent in 2011 – 12

it finally provisionally data for 2012-13 is 26.7 per cent. Percentage Share of

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Factor of Services Sector in 1950-51 was

29.5 per cent which was 57.3 per cent in 2010-11 and 58.4 per cent in 2011

– 12 it finally provisionally data for 2012-13 is 59.6 per cent.

Table-5.8; Percentage Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at

Factor Cost

(2004-05) Prices

Industry 1950-51 2010-11$ 2011-12* 2012-13**

I. Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 51.9 14.5 14.1 13.7

Agriculture 41.8 12.3 12.0 11.6

Forestry & logging 14.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

Fishing 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7

II. Industry 16.2 28.2 27.5 26.7

Mining & quarrying 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.0

Manufacturing 9.0 16.2 15.7 15.1

Elect. Gas & water supply 0.3 1.9 1.9 1.9

Construction 5.1 7.9 7.9 7.8

III. Services 29.5 57.3 58.4 59.6

Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

*-First Revised Estimate $-Second Revised Estimate. **- Provisional

Source: Central Statistics Office

Page | 99

5.9 Plan-wise Share of Public Sector Outlays and Expenditure under

Agriculture and Allied Activities

Table-5.9 shows the Plan Outlays and Actual Expenditure for the

Agriculture and Allied Sector in various Five/Annual year economic plan.

Expenditure Plan outlays in the form of percentage share of

Agriculture and Allied Activities in Ninth Plan (1997-2002) was 4.4 per cent

and the Actual Expenditure was 4.0 per cent.


Agriculture and Allied Activities in Tenth Plan (2002-07) was 3.9 per cent



Agriculture and Allied Activities in Eleventh Plan (2007-12) was 3.7 per

cent and the Actual Expenditure was 4.4 per cent.


Agriculture and Allied Activities in Annual Plan (2007-08) was 3.2 per cent













and the Actual Expenditure was 3.2per cent.


Agriculture and Allied Activities in Twelfth Plan (2012-17, Projected) as 4.7

per cent and the Actual Expenditure is Not Applicable.

Page | 100


Agriculture and Allied Activities in Annual Plan (2013-14) as 2.8 per cent

and the Actual Expenditure is Not Applicable.

Table-5.9; Plan-wise Share of Public Sector Outlays and Expenditure


(` Crore)

Five Year Plan / Annual

Plan

Percentage share of Agriculture and

Allied Activities to Total

Plan Outlays Actual Expenditure

Ninth Plan (1997-2002) 4.4 4.0

Tenth Plan (2002-07) 3.9 3.8

Eleventh Plan (2007-12) 3.7 4.4

Annual Plan (2007-08) 3.2 5.4

Annual Plan (2008-09) 4.0 5.7

Annual Plan (2009-10) 3.6 4.1

Annual Plan (2010-11) 4.0 4.9

Annual Plan (2011-12) 4.2 3.2

Twelfth Plan (2012-17)* 4.7 NA

Annual Plan (2012-13) 4.4 2.9

Annual Plan (2013-14)# 2.8 NA

Note: From Annual Plan (2009-10) the Centre Expenditure figures include IEBR

# For Centre only, as figures for States & UTs are not available yet.

* 12th Plan Projections

Source : Plan Documents and Budget Documents. For State Outlays, States Plans Division,

Planning Commission.

5.10 Comparison of States Outlay and Expenditure for Eleventh and Twelfth

Plan

Table-5.10 shows a difference between 11th

five year plan and 12th

five year plan. Table is categorized into plan outlay and plan expenditure.

Data of plan expenditure for agriculture and allied sector for the 12th

five

year plan is not available because it is presently going on. In the 11th

five

year plan some major states such as Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil

Page | 101

Nadu, Uttar Pradesh has the highest plan outlay of a 9092.94, 8426.85,

9507.64, 7831.57, 19146.37 ` Crore for the agriculture and allied sector and

the per cent of total plan outlays for these major state was 0.7%, 8.3%, 5.9%,

9.2%, 9% respectively.

Apart from these some state which has least amount for the

agriculture and allied sector during 11th

five year plan outlay was Arunachal

Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura have

amount of 752, 386.55, 735.52, 536.31, 434.31, 260.43, 798.51 ` Crore and

the per cent of total plan was 9.5%, 4.7%, 8%, 9.6%, 8.3%, 6.9%, 9% during

11th

five year plan outlay.

Expenditure data of agriculture and allied sector of 11th

five year plan

has various differences in many cases from the plan outlay. Some of the

states with highest expenditure amount are Andhra Pradesh 9510.46 ` Crore;

Gujarat 8879.8 ` Crore, Karnataka 10484.4 ` Crore, Maharashtra 10636.4 `

Crore, Tamil Nadu 8170.0 ` Crore and Uttar Pradesh have highest value of

14164.8 ` Crore. States with least expenditure in Agriculture and allied

sector during 11th

five year plan are Arunachal Pradesh 617.71 ` Crore, Goa

325.39 ` Crore, Jammu and Kashmir 892.98 ` Crore, Manipur 234.04 `

Crore, Meghalaya 845.2 ` Crore, Mizoram 387.86 ` Crore, Nagaland 725.08

` Crore, Sikkim 228.27 ` Crore, Tripura 825.7 ` Crore.

During 12th

five year plan outlays for agriculture and allied sector in

the highest amount is Andhra Pradesh 17138 ` Crore, Bihar 15613 ` Crore,

Gujarat 19712 ` Crore, Karnataka 19824 ` Crore, Madhya Pradesh 17076 `

Crore, Maharashtra 19325 ` Crore, Tamil Nadu 20680 ` Crore, and Uttar

Pradesh 24354 ` Crore. Those states which have least amount of outlay

during 11th

plan are Manipur 643 ` Crore, Mizoram 346 ` Crore, Sikkim 469

` Crore, and Tripura 980 ` Crore.

Total outlay of 11th

five year plan of all the states were 94670.21 `

Crore and it is during 12th

plan is 226500 ` Crore for agriculture and allied

sector and the expenditure on agriculture and allied sector during 11th

plan

Page | 102

was 111823.72 ` Crore and for 12th

plan data can‟t be shown only

provisional data available.

Table-5.10; Comparison of States Outlay and Expenditure for Eleventh

and Twelfth Plan

(` in Crore at Current Prices)

Name of

State

Eleventh

Plan

Outlay

Eleventh

Plan

Expenditure

Twelfth Plan Outlay

Ag

ricu

ltu

re &

All

ied

Sec

tor

% o

f T

ota

l P

lan

Ag

ricu

ltu

re &

All

ied

Sec

tor

% o

f T

ota

l P

lan

Ag

ricu

ltu

re &

All

ied

Sec

tor

% o

f T

ota

l P

lan

Incr

ease

in

Tw

elft

h P

lan

ov

er E

leven

th

Pla

n E

xp.

(%)

Andhra Pradesh 3487.44 2.4 9510.46 6.0 17138 5 80

Arunachal

Pradesh

752 9.5 617.71 5.7 1114 5.3 80

Assam 877.86 2.1 2335.56 7.8 3272 5.9 40

Bihar 3672.73 4.8 4805.33 6.3 15613 6 225

Chhattisgarh 4613 8.6 5637 12.7 8284 6.9 47

Goa 211.76 2.5 325.39 3.6 1046 3.9 221

Gujarat 9092.94 0.7 8879.8 6.9 19712 7.8 122

Haryana 1638.82 4.7 2733.02 5.7 6288 5.4 130

Himachal Pradesh 1470.08 10.7 1642.82 12.1 2174 9.7 32

Jammu &

Kashmir

1818.21 7 892.98 3.5 2843 9.7 218

Jharkhand 3130.53 0.8 2319.85 5.9 4157 3.8 79

Kerala 2649.11 7.8 94670.21 7.6 8831 11.5 201

Madhya Pradesh 3408.18 4.8 6057.09 7.3 17076 8.5 182

Maharashtra 9507.64 5.9 10636.4 7.3 19325 7.03 82

Manipur 386.55 4.7 234.04 3.2 643 3.1 175

Meghalaya 735.52 8 845.2 9.8 2114 10.7 150

Mizoram 536.31 9.6 387.86 7.1 346 2.8 -

Odisha 1230.29 3.8 3580.37 8.2 8387 7.4 134

Nagaland 434.31 8.3 725.08 11.3 1795 13.8 148

Punjab 1309.13 4.5 1410.77 4 1524 2.9 8

Rajasthan 2919.07 4.1 5990.67 6.2 7255 5.6 21

Sikkim 260.43 6.9 228.27 6.4 469 4.1 106

Tamil Nadu 7831.57 9.2 8170.01 8.8 20680 1.0 153

Tripura 798.51 9 858.79 11.3 980 6.8 14

Uttar Pradesh 19146.37 10.6 14164.8 7.8 24354 8.5 72

Uttarakhand 2478.5 8.4 2079.25 10 2673 5.9 29

West Bengal 1846.5 2.9 3339.26 5.1 8583 5.5 157

Total States 94670.21 3.6 111823.72 7.1 226500 7.1 103

Source: 12th

Plan Document, Planning Commission

Page | 103

6. Analysis of Data

6.1 Regression for Production of Cereal Crops

6.1.1 Regression for Production of Rice

From Table-6.1.1.1, it may be observed that for 63 years, the mean

and standard deviation of Production of Rice is 58.1798 and 25.10264

respectively; the mean and standard deviation of Area of Cultivation of

Rice is 39.0865 and 4.36517 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Rice is 1438.8095 and 495.10510

respectively.

Table-6.1.1.1; Descriptive Statistics for Rice

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N

Production of Rice 58.1798 25.10264 63

Area of Cultivation of Rice 39.0865 4.36517 63

Yield per Hectare of Rice 1438.8095 495.10510 63

From Table-6.1.1.2, it may be observed that for 63 years, the

Pearson Correlation between Production of Rice and Area of Cultivation

of Rice is .923 and the Pearson Correlation between Production of Rice

and Yield per Hectare of Rice is .997.

Table-6.1.1.2; Pearson Correlations for Rice

Correlations

Production of

Rice

Area of

Cultivation of

Rice

Yield per

Hectare of

Rice

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Rice 1.000 .923 .997

Area of Cultivation of Rice .923 1.000 .902

Yield per Hectare of Rice .997 .902 1.000

From Table-6.1.1.3, it may be observed that the Coefficient of

Regression (R), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Adjusted R

2of

model are .999, .998 and .998 respectively; these all are very high, therefore

the regression on these variables with given data will be appropriate. Further

Standard Error of the Estimate is 1.21065, which is tolerable. Figure-

6.1.1.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Rice.

Page | 104

Table-6.1.1.3; Regression Model Summary for Rice

Model Summaryb

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .999a .998 .998 1.21065

Figure-6.1.1.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Rice

6.1.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Rice

We will, now check whether the value of R2

really indicates that the Area of

Cultivation of Rice and Yield per Hectare of Rice explain Production of

Rice, or have happened by chance. In other words, „is the regression as a

whole significant or not?‟ Table-6.1.1.4 gives values of variables/statistics

of our interest.

6.1.1.2 Testing of Hypothesis using F Test for the Regression for Production of

Rice

From Table-6.1.1.4, it may be observed, that for the regression model

at degree of freedom (df) of 2, the F-Value is 13297.976 with p-Value

(Significance) of .000 (which is less than .01), therefore at 99 % confidence

level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Rice in India does neither

depends on Area of Cultivation of Rice nor Yield per Hectare of Rice” is

rejected.

Page | 105

6.1.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rice

From Table-6.1.1.4, it may be observed, p-Value (Significance) is

.000, which is much lesser than .01, therefore at 99 % confidence level the

null hypothesis (H0), “Regression with dependent variable Production of

Rice and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Rice and Yield per

Hectare of Rice as whole is not highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.1.1.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rice

ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1

Regression 38980.907 2 19490.454 13297.976 .000b

Residual 87.940 60 1.466

Total 39068.847 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Rice

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Rice, Area of Cultivation of Rice

From Table-6.1.1.5, it may be observed, the Unstandardized

Coefficient of Constant is -34.318 with standard error of 2.305,

Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Rice is .714 with standard error of

.082 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Rice is .045 with standard

error of .001. And Standardized Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of

Rice is .124 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Rice is .885.

From Table-6.1.1.5, it may be observed, the t-Value of Constant is

-14.891 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Rice

is 8.749 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per Hectare of

Rice is 62.403 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.1.1.5 depicts Scatter Plot

for Regression Model for Rice.

Table-6.1.1.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Rice

Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -34.318 2.305 -14.891 .000

Area of Cultivation of Rice .714 .082 .124 8.749 .000

Yield per Hectare of Rice .045 .001 .885 62.403 .000

Figure-6.1.1.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Rice

Page | 106

6.1.2 Regression for Production of Wheat


and standard deviation of Production of Wheat is 41.1046 and 26.91101


Wheat is 20.6640 and 6.12342 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Wheat is 1760.9683 and 802.72622

respectively.

Table-6.1.2.1; Descriptive Statistics for Wheat



Production of Wheat 41.1046 26.91101 63

Area of Cultivation of Wheat 20.6640 6.12342 63

Yield per Hectare of Wheat 1760.9683 802.72622 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Wheat and Area of

Cultivation of Wheat is .958 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Wheat and Yield per Hectare of Wheat is .995.

Table-6.1.2.2; Pearson Correlations for Wheat

Correlations

Production of

Wheat

Area of

Cultivation of

Wheat

Yield per

Hectare

of Wheat

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Wheat 1.000 .958 .995

Area of Cultivation of Wheat .958 1.000 .962

Yield per Hectare of Wheat .995 .962 1.000

Page | 107



2of




6.1.2.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Wheat.

Table-6.1.2.3; Regression Model Summary for Wheat

Model Summaryb


1 .995a .990 .990 2.74930

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Wheat, Area of Cultivation of Wheat

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Wheat

Figure-6.1.2.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Wheat

6.1.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Wheat


really indicates that the

Area of Cultivation of Wheat and Yield per Hectare of Wheat explain

Production of Wheat, or have happened by chance. In other words, „is the

regression as a whole significant or not?‟ Table-6.1.2.4 gives values of

variables/statistics of our interest.


Wheat

Page | 108




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Wheat in India does neither

depends on Area of Cultivation of Wheat nor Yield per Hectare of Wheat”

is rejected.

6.1.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Wheat




Wheat and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Wheat and Yield

per Hectare of Wheat as whole is not highly significant.

Table-6.1.2.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Wheat

ANOVAa


1

Regression 44447.043 2 22223.522 2940.153 .000b

Residual 453.518 60 7.559

Total 44900.561 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Wheat

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Wheat, Area of Cultivation of Wheat



Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Wheat is .073 with standard error

of .209 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Wheat is .033 with

standard error of .002. And Standardized Coefficient of Area of

Cultivation of Wheat is .017 and Yield per Hectare of Cultivation of

Wheat is .979.


-9.985 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Wheat

is .351 with Significance of .727 and t-Value of Yield per Hectare of

Wheat is 20.591with Significance of .000. Figure-6.1.2.5 depicts Scatter

Plot for Regression Model for Wheat.

Page | 109

Table-6.1.2.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Wheat

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -18.200 1.823 -9.985 .000

Area of Cultivation of Wheat .073 .209 .017 .351 .727

Yield per Hectare of Wheat .033 .002 .979 20.591 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Wheat

Figure-6.1.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Wheat

6.1.3 Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals


and standard deviation of Production of Coarse Cereals is 28.7303 and

6.06251 respectively; the mean and standard deviation of Area of

Cultivation of Coarse Cereals is 38.0297 and 6.76367 respectively; and the

mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals is

802.8730 and 313.48275 respectively.

Table-6.1.3.1; Descriptive Statistics for Coarse cereals



Production of Coarse Cereals 28.7303 6.06251 63

Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals 38.0297 6.76367 63

Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals 802.8730 313.48275 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Coarse Cereals and Area of

Cultivation of Coarse Cereals is -.663 and the Pearson Correlation

Page | 110

between Production of Coarse Cereals and Yield per Hectare of Coarse

Cereals is .913

Table-6.1.3.2; Pearson Correlations for Coarse cereals

Correlations

Production of

Coarse Cereals

Area of

Cultivation of

Coarse Cereals

Yield per

Hectare of

Coarse Cereals

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Coarse Cereals 1.000 -.663 .913

Area of Cultivation

of Coarse Cereals -.663 1.000 -.892

Yield per Hectare of

Coarse Cereals .913 -.892 1.000



2of




6.1.3.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Coarse Cereals.

Table-6.1.3.3; Regression Model Summary for Coarse cereals

Model Summaryb


1 .972a .945 .943 1.44595

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals, Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Coarse Cereals

Figure-6.1.3.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Coarse Cereals

Page | 111

6.1.3.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals



Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals and Yield per Hectare of Coarse

Cereals explain Production of Coarse Cereals, or have happened by

chance. In other words, „is the regression as a whole significant or not?‟

Table-6.1.3.4 gives values of variables/statistics of our interest.


Coarse Cereals




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Coarse Cereals in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals nor Yield per

Hectare of Coarse Cereals” is rejected.

6.1.3.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals




Coarse Cereals and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Coarse

Cereals and Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals as whole is not highly

significant” is rejected.

Table-6.1.3.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coarse

Cereals

ANOVAa


1

Regression 2153.302 2 1076.651 514.955 .000b

Residual 125.446 60 2.091

Total 2278.748 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Coarse Cereals

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals, Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals



Page | 112

Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals is .662 with

standard error of .060 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Coarse

Cereals is .030 with standard error of .001. And Standardized

Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals is .738 and

Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals is 1.571.


-6.414 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Coarse

Cereals is 11.033 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per

Hectare of Coarse Cereals is 23.483 with Significance of .000. Figure-

6.1.3.5 depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Coarse Cereals.

Table-6.1.3.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Coarse cereals

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -20.820 3.246 -6.414 .000

Area of Cultivation of

Coarse Cereals .662 .060 .738 11.033 .000


Coarse Cereals .030 .001 1.571 23.483 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Coarse Cereals

Figure-6.1.3.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Coarse Cereals

6.2 Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals

Page | 113

From Table-6.2.1, it may be observed that for 63 years, the mean

and standard deviation of Production of Total Cereals is 128.0152 and


Cultivation of Total Cereals is 97.7844 and 6.56777 respectively; and the

mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals is


Table-6.2.1; Descriptive Statistics for Total cereals



Production of Total Cereals 128.0152 57.16543 63

Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals 97.7844 6.56777 63

Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals 1289.9524 549.18718 63

From Table-6.2.2, it may be observed that for 63 years, the Pearson

Correlation between Production of Total Cereals and Area of

Cultivation of Total Cereals is .576 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Total Cereals and Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals is

.996.

Table-6.2.2; Pearson Correlations for Total cereals

Correlations

Production

of Total

Cereals

Area of

Cultivation

of Total

Cereals

Yield per

Hectare of

Total

Cereals

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Total Cereals 1.000 .576 .996

Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals .576 1.000 .510

Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals .996 .510 1.000

From Table-6.2.3, it may be observed that the Coefficient of Regression

(R), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Adjusted R

2of model are

1.000, .999 and .999 respectively; these all are very high, therefore the

regression on these variables with given data will be appropriate. Further


6.2.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Total Cereals.

Table-6.2.3; Regression Model Summary for Total cereals

Model Summaryb


1 1.000a .999 .999 1.83216

Page | 114

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals, Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Cereals

Figure-6.2.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Total Cereals

6.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals



Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals and Yield per Hectare of Total

Cereals explain Production of Total Cereals, or have happened by chance.

In other words, „is the regression as a whole significant or not?‟ Table-6.2.4

gives values of variables/statistics of our interest.

6.2.2 Testing of Hypothesis using F Test for the Regression for Production of

Coarse Cereals

From Table-6.2.4, it may be observed, that for the regression model



level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Total Cereals in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals nor Yield per

Hectare of Total Cereals” is rejected.

6.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coarse Cereals

From Table-6.2.4, it may be observed, p-Value (Significance) is


Page | 115


Total Cereals and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total

Cereals and Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals as whole is not highly

significant” is rejected.

Table-6.2.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total cereals

ANOVAa


1

Regression 202407.518 2 101203.759 30148.641 .000b

Residual 201.410 60 3.357

Total 202608.927 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Cereals

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals, Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals

From Table-6.2.5, it may be observed, the Unstandardized


Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals is .800with standard

error of .041 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals is

.099 with standard error of .000. And Standardized Coefficient of Area

of Cultivation of Total Cereals is .092 and Coefficient of Yield per

Hectare of Total Cereals is .949.

From Table-6.2.5, it may be observed, the t-Value of Constant is -20.721

with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals


Total Cereals is 200.637 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.2.5 depicts

Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Total Cereals.

Table-6.2.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Total cereals

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -77.720 3.751 -20.721 .000


Total Cereals .800 .041 .092 19.427 .000


Total Cereals .099 .000 .949 200.637 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Cereals

Figure-6.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Total Cereals

Page | 116

6.3 Regression for Production of other Food Grains

6.3.1 Regression for Production of Pulses


and standard deviation of Production of Pulses is 12.2435 and 2.12880


Pulses is 22.7938 and 1.40148 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Pulses is 529.3333 and 86.53808

respectively.

Table-6.3.1.1; Descriptive Statistics for Pulses



Production of Pulses 12.2435 2.12880 63

Area of Cultivation of Pulses 22.7938 1.40148 63

Yield per Hectare of Pulses 529.3333 86.53808 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Pulses and Area of

Cultivation of Pulses is .593 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Pulses and Yield per Hectare of Pulses is .768.

Table-6.3.1.2; Pearson Correlations for Pulses

Correlations

Production

of Pulses

Area of

Cultivation of

Pulses

Yield per

Hectare of

Pulses

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Pulses 1.000 .593 .768

Area of Cultivation of Pulses .593 1.000 .247

Yield per Hectare of Pulses .768 .247 1.000

Page | 117



2of




6.3.1.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Pulses.

Table-6.3.1.3; Regression Model Summary for Pulses

Model Summaryb


1 .874a .764 .756 1.05230

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Pulses, Area of Cultivation of Pulses

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Pulses

Figure-6.3.1.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Pulses

6.3.1.1 F Test for the Regression for production of Pulses



Area of Cultivation of Pulses and Yield per Hectare of Pulses explain

Production of Pulses, or have happened by chance. In other words, „is the



6.3.1.2 Testing of Hypothesis using F Test for the Regression for production of

Pulses


at degree of freedom (df) of 2, the F-Value is 96.867with p-Value

Page | 118


level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Pulses in India does neither

depends on Area of Cultivation of Pulses nor Yield per Hectare of Pulses”

is rejected.

6.3.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for production of Pulses




Pulses and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Pulses and Yield

per Hectare of Pulses as whole is not highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.3.1.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Pulses

ANOVAa


1

Regression 214.529 2 107.265 96.867 .000b

Residual 66.441 60 1.107

Total 280.970 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Pulses

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Pulses, Area of Cultivation of Pulses



Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Pulses is .652 with standard error

of .098 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare Pulses is .016 with standard


Pulses is .429 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Pulses is .663.


-5.119 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Pulses


Pulses is 10.227 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.3.1.5 depicts Scatter

Plot for Regression Model for Pulses.

Table-6.3.1.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Pulses

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

Page | 119

1

(Constant) -11.246 2.197 -5.119 .000

Area of Cultivation of Pulses .652 .098 .429 6.627 .000

Yield per Hectare of Pulses .016 .002 .663 10.227 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Pulses

Figure-6.3.1.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Pulses

6.3.2 Regression for Production of Total Food Grains


and standard deviation of Production of Total Food Grains is 140.2586

and 58.90069 respectively; the mean and standard deviation of Area of

Cultivation of Total Food Grains is 120.5511 and 7.21150 respectively;

and the mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Total Food

Grains is 1149.1270 and 459.16683 respectively.

Table-6.3.2.1; Descriptive Statistics for Total Food Grains



Production of Total Food Grains 140.2586 58.90069 63

Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains 120.5511 7.21150 63

Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains 1149.1270 459.16683 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Total Food Grains and Area

of Cultivation of Total Food Grains is .566 and the Pearson Correlation

between Production of Total Food Grains and Yield per Hectare of Total

Food Grains is .996.

Table-6.3.2.2; Pearson Correlations for Total Food Grains

Page | 120

Correlations

Production of

Total Food

Grains

Area of

Cultivation of

Total Food

Grains

Yield per Hectare

of Total Food

Grains

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Total

Food Grains 1.000 .566 .996


Total Food Grains .566 1.000 .500


Total Food Grains .996 .500 1.000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Food Grains

b. All requested variables entered.



2of




6.3.2.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Food Grains.

Table-6.3.2.3; Regression Model Summary for Total Food Grains

Model Summaryb


1 .999a .999 .999 2.04318

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains, Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Food Grains

Figure-6.3.2.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Food Grains

6.3.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Total Food Grains



Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains and Yield per Hectare of Total

Food Grains explain Production of Total Food Grains, or have happened

Page | 121

by chance. In other words, „is the regression as a whole significant or not?‟



Total Food Grains




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Total Food Grains in India

does neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains nor

Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains” is rejected.

6.3.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total Food Grains




Total Food Grains and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total

Food Grains and Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains as whole is not

highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.3.2.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total Food

Grains

ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares df Mean

Square

F Sig.

1

Regression 214845.601 2 107422.801 25732.470 .000b

Residual 250.476 60 4.175

Total 215096.077 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Food Grains

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains, Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains



Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains is .738 with

standard error of .042 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Total

Food Grains is .122 with standard error of .001. And Standardized

Page | 122

Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains is .090 and

Coefficient of Yield of Cultivation of Total Food Grains is .951.

From Table-6.3.2.5, it may be observed, the t-Value of Constant is -

18.969 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Total

Food Grains is 17.757 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per

Hectare of Total Food Grains is 186.947 with Significance of .000.

Figure-6.3.2.5 depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Food Grains.

Table-6.3.2.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Total Food Grains

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -88.902 4.687 -18.969 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Total Food Grains .738 .042 .090 17.757 .000


Total Food Grains .122 .001 .951 186.947 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Food Grains

Figure-6.3.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Food Grains

6.4 Regression for Production of Oilseeds

6.4.1 Regression for Production of Groundnut


and standard deviation of Production of Groundnut is 5.9905 and


Page | 123

Cultivation of Groundnut is 6.7856 and 1.01082 respectively; and the

mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Groundnut is


Table-6.4.1.1; Descriptive Statistics for Groundnut



Production of Groundnut 5.9905 1.59965 63

Area of Cultivation of Groundnut 6.7856 1.01082 63

Yield per Hectare of Groundnut 881.5714 197.18002 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Groundnut and Area of

Cultivation of Groundnut is .573 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Groundnut and Yield per Hectare of Groundnut is .827.

Table-6.4.1.2; Pearson Correlations for Groundnut

Correlations

Production of

Groundnut

Area of

Cultivation of

Groundnut

Yield per Hectare

of Groundnut

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Groundnut 1.000 .573 .827


Groundnut .573 1.000 .029


Groundnut .827 .029 1.000

From Table-6.4.1.3, it may be observed that the Coefficient of Regression


2of model are .993,

.985 and .985 respectively; these all are very high, therefore the regression

on these variables with given data will be appropriate. Further Standard

Error of the Estimate is .19731, which is tolerable. Figure-6.4.1.3 depicts

Regression Standardized Residual for Groundnut.

Table-6.4.1.3; Regression Model Summary for Groundnut

Model Summaryb


1 .993a .985 .985 .19731

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Groundnut, Area of Cultivation of Groundnut

Figure-6.4.1.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Groundnut

Page | 124

6.4.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Groundnut



Area of Cultivation of Groundnut and Yield per Hectare of Groundnut

explain Production of Groundnut, or have happened by chance. In other

words, „is the regression as a whole significant or not?‟ Table-6.4.1.4 gives

values of variables/statistics of our interest.


Groundnut




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Groundnut in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Groundnut nor Yield per

Hectare of Groundnut” is rejected.

6.4.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Groundnut




Groundnut and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Groundnut

Page | 125

and Yield per Hectare of Groundnut as whole is not highly significant” is

rejected.

Table-6.4.1.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Groundnut

ANOVAa


1

Regression 156.315 2 78.158 2007.540 .000b

Residual 2.336 60 .039

Total 158.651 62

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Groundnut

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Groundnut, Area of Cultivation of Groundnut


Coefficient of Constant is -5.708 with standard error of .201, Coefficient

of Area of Cultivation of Groundnut is .870 with standard error of .025

and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Groundnut is .007 with standard


Groundnut is .550 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Groundnut is

.811.


28.401 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of

Groundnut is 35.064 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per

Hectare of Groundnut is 51.725 with Significance of .000 . Figure-6.4.1.5

depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Groundnut.

Table-6.4.1.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Groundnut

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -5.708 .201 -28.401 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Groundnut .870 .025 .550 35.064 .000


Groundnut .007 .000 .811 51.725 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Groundnut

Figure-6.4.1.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Groundnut

Page | 126

6.4.2 Regression for Production of Rapeseed & Mustard


and standard deviation of Production of Rapeseed & Mustard is 3.3467

and 2.34123 respectively; the mean and standard deviation of Area of

Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard is 4.3225 and 1.56181 respectively;

and the mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed

& Mustard is 687.0952 and 273.58597 respectively.

Table-6.4.2.1; Descriptive Statistics for Rapeseed & Mustard



Production of Rapeseed & Mustard 3.3467 2.34123 63

Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard 4.3225 1.56181 63

Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard 687.0952 273.58597 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Rapeseed & Mustard and

Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard is .956 and the Pearson

Correlation between Production of Rapeseed & Mustard and Yield per

Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard is .969.

Table-6.4.2.2; Pearson Correlations for Rapeseed & Mustard

Correlations

Production of

Rapeseed &

Mustard

Area of Cultivation

of Rapeseed &

Mustard

Yield per

Hectare of

Rapeseed &

Mustard

Page | 127

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Rapeseed & Mustard 1.000 .956 .969


Rapeseed & Mustard .956 1.000 .887


Rapeseed & Mustard .969 .887 1.000



2of model are .991,




Regression Standardized Residual for Rapeseed & Mustard.

Table-6.4.2.3; Regression Model Summary for Rapeseed & Mustard

Model Summaryb


1 .991a .983 .982 .31155

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard, Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed &

Mustard

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Rapeseed & Mustard

Figure-6.4.2.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Rapeseed &

Mustard

6.4.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Rapeseed & Mustard



Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard and Yield per Hectare of

Rapeseed & Mustard explain Production of Rapeseed & Mustard, or

have happened by chance. In other words, „is the regression as a whole

Page | 128

significant or not?‟ Table-6.4.2.4 gives values of variables/statistics of our

interest.


Rapeseed & Mustard




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Rapeseed & Mustard in

India does neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard

nor Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard” is rejected.

6.4.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rapeseed & Mustard




Rapeseed & Mustard and independent variables Area of Cultivation of

Rapeseed & Mustard and Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard as

whole is not highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.4.2.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Rapeseed

& Mustard

ANOVAa


1

Regression 334.020 2 167.010 1720.677 .000b

Residual 5.824 60 .097

Total 339.844 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Rapeseed & Mustard

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard, Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed &

Mustard


Coefficient of Constant is -2.924 with standard error of .116, Coefficient

of Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard is .680 with standard

error of .055 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed &

Mustard is .005 with standard error of .000. And Standardized

Page | 129

Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard is .453 and

Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard is .567.


-25.117 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of

Rapeseed & Mustard is 12.388 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of

Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard is 15.494 with Significance of

.000. Figure-6.4.2.5 depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Rapeseed

& Mustard.

Table-6.4.2.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Rapeseed &

Mustard

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -2.924 .116

-25.117 .000


Rapeseed & Mustard .680 .055 .453 12.388 .000


Rapeseed & Mustard .005 .000 .567 15.494 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Rapeseed & Mustard

Figure-6.4.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Rapeseed &

Mustard

6.4.3 Regression for Production of Soya bean


and standard deviation of Production of Soya bean is 4.1079 and 4.16954

Page | 130


Soya bean is 3.9295 and 3.52010 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Soya bean is 904.6512 and 219.05554

respectively.

Table-6.4.3.1; Descriptive Statistics for Soya bean



Production of Soya bean 4.1079 4.16954 43

Area of Cultivation of Soya bean 3.9295 3.52010 43

Yield per Hectare of Soya bean 904.6512 219.05554 43


Pearson Correlation between Production of Soya bean and Area of

Cultivation of Soya bean is .980 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Soya bean and Yield per Hectare of Soya bean is .796.

Table-6.4.3.2; Pearson Correlations for Soya bean

Correlations

Production of

Soya bean

Area of Cultivation

of Soya bean

Yield per Hectare

of Soya bean

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Soya

bean 1.000 .980 .796

Area of Cultivation

of Soya bean .980 1.000 .737

Yield per Hectare

of Soya bean .796 .737 1.000



2of



Standard Error of the Estimate is .71040, which is tolerable. Figure-

6.4.3.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Soya bean

Table-6.4.3.3; Regression Model Summary for Soya bean

Model Summaryb


1 .986a .972 .971 .71040

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Soya bean, Area of Cultivation of Soya bean

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Soya bean

Figure-6.4.3.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Soya bean

Page | 131

6.4.3.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Soya bean



Area of Cultivation of Soya bean and Yield per Hectare of Soya bean

explain Production of Soya bean, or have happened by chance. In other




Soya bean




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Soya bean in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Soya bean nor Yield per Hectare

of Soya bean” is rejected.

6.4.3.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Soya bean




Soya bean and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Soya bean

and Yield per Hectare of Soya bean as whole is not highly significant” is

rejected.

Page | 132

Table-6.4.3.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Soya bean

ANOVAa


1

Regression 709.986 2 354.993 703.419 .000b

Residual 20.187 40 .505

Total 730.173 42 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Soya bean

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Soya bean, Area of Cultivation of Soya bean


Coefficient of Constant is 1.021 with standard error of .561, Coefficient

of Area of Cultivation of Soya bean is 1.021 with standard error of .046

and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Soya bean is .003 with standard


Soya bean is .862 and Yield per Hectare of Soya bean is .160.


-4.746 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Soya

bean is 22.164 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per Hectare

of Soya bean is 4.115 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.4.3.5 depicts

Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Soya bean

Table-6.4.3.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Soya bean

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) 1.021 .561 -4.746 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Soya bean 1.021 .046 .862 22.164 .000

Yield per Hectare

of Soya bean .003 .001 .160 4.115 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Soya bean

Figure-6.4.3.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Soya bean

Page | 133

6.4.4 Regression for Production of Total Oilseeds


and standard deviation of Production of Total Oilseeds is 14.2157 and


Cultivation of Total Oilseeds is 19.4143 and 5.36246 respectively; and the

mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Total Oilseeds is


Table-6.4.4.1; Descriptive Statistics for Total Oilseeds



Production of Total Oilseeds 14.2157 8.08340 63

Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds 19.4143 5.36246 63

Yield per Hectare of Total Oilseeds 679.0952 212.69968 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Total Oilseeds and Area of

Cultivation of Total Oilseeds is .952 and the Pearson Correlation

between Production of Total Oilseeds and Yield per Hectare of Total

Oilseeds is .987.

Table-6.4.4.2; Pearson Correlations for Total Oilseeds

Correlations

Production of

Total Oilseeds

Area of Cultivation

of Total Oilseeds

Yield per Hectare

of Total Oilseeds

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Total Oilseeds 1.000 .952 .987

Area of Cultivation

of Total Oilseeds .952 1.000 .905

Yield per Hectare

of Total Oilseeds .987 .905 1.000



2of model are .997,




Regression Standardized Residual for Oilseeds

Table-6.4.4.3; Regression Model Summary for Total Oilseeds

Page | 134

Model Summaryb


1 .997a .993 .993 .68316

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Total Oilseeds, Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds

b. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Oilseeds

Figure-6.4.4.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Total Oilseeds

6.4.4.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Oilseeds



Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds and Yield per Hectare of Total

Oilseeds explain Production of Total Oilseeds, or have happened by

chance. In other words, „is the regression as a whole significant or not?‟



Oilseeds

From Table-6.4.4.4, it may be observed, that for the regression model at

degree of freedom (df) of 2, the F-Value is 4310.119 with p-Value


level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Total Oilseeds in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds nor Yield per

Hectare of Total Oilseeds” is rejected.

6.4.4.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Oilseeds



Page | 135


Total Oilseeds and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total

Oilseeds and Yield per Hectare of as whole is not highly significant” is

rejected.

Table-6.4.4.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Total

Oilseeds

ANOVAa


1

Regression 4023.158 2 2011.579 4310.119 .000b

Residual 28.003 60 .467

Total 4051.160 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Total Oilseeds

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Total Oilseeds, Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds


Coefficient of Constant is -13.176 with standard error of 326, Coefficient

of Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds is .491 with standard error of

.038 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Total Oilseeds is .026 with


Cultivation of Total Oilseeds is .326 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare

of Total Oilseeds is .692.


40.396 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Total

Oilseeds is 12.885 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per

Hectare of Total Oilseeds is 27.352 with Significance of .000. Figure-

6.4.4.5 depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Oilseeds

Table-6.4.4.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Total Oilseeds

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -13.176 .326 -40.396 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Total Oilseeds .491 .038 .326 12.885 .000

Yield per Hectare

of Total Oilseeds .026 .001 .692 27.352 .000

Figure-6.4.4.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Oilseeds

Page | 136

6.5 Regression for Production of Edibles

6.5.1 Regression for Production of Coffee


and standard deviation of Production of Coffee is 194.1763 and 78.82629


Coffee is 3.6440 and .78736 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Coffee is 61538.6744 and 7382.88237

respectively.

Table-6.5.1.1; Descriptive Statistics for Coffee



Production of Coffee 194.1763 78.82629 43

Area of Cultivation of Coffee 3.6440 .78736 43

Yield per Hectare of Coffee 61538.6744 7382.88237 43


Pearson Correlation between Production of Coffee and Area of

Cultivation of Coffee is .887 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Coffee and Yield per Hectare of Coffee is .801.

Table-6.5.1.2; Pearson Correlations for Coffee

Correlations

Production of

Coffee

Area of

Cultivation of

Coffee

Yield per

Hectare of

Coffee

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Coffee 1.000 .887 .801


Coffee .887 1.000 .830


Coffee .801 .830 1.000

a. Dependent Variable: Production of Coffee

Page | 137

b. All requested variables entered.



2of model are .895,



Error of the Estimate is 36.04983, which is tolerable. Figure-6.5.1.3

depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Coffee

Table-6.5.1.3; Regression Model Summary for Coffee

Model Summaryc


1 .895a .801 .791 36.04983

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Coffee, Area of Cultivation of Coffee

b. Predictors: (Constant), Area of Cultivation of Coffee

c. Dependent Variable: Production of Coffee

Figure-6.5.1.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Coffee

6.5.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Coffee



Area of Cultivation of Coffee and Yield per Hectare of Coffee explain

Production of Coffee, or have happened by chance. In other words, „is the




Coffee



Page | 138


level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Coffee in India does neither

depends on Area of Cultivation of Coffee nor Yield per Hectare of Coffee”

is rejected.

6.5.1.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coffee




Coffee and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Coffee and Yield

per Hectare of Coffee as whole is not highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.5.1.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Coffee

ANOVAa


1

Regression 208986.884 2 104493.442 80.405 .000b

Residual 51983.613 40 1299.590

Total 260970.497 42 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Coffee

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Coffee, Area of Cultivation of Coffee

c. Predictors: (Constant), Area of Cultivation of Coffee



Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Coffee is 71.671 with standard

error of 12.682 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Coffee is .002

with standard error of .001. And Standardized Coefficient of Area of

Cultivation of Coffee is .716 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of

Coffee is .207.


-3.898 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Coffee


Coffee is 1.631 with Significance of .111. Figure-6.5.1.5 depicts Scatter

Plot for Regression Model for Coffee

Table-6.5.1.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Coffee

Coefficientsa

Page | 139


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -202.722 52.007 -3.898 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Coffee 71.671 12.682 .716 5.651 .000

Yield per Hectare

of Coffee .002 .001 .207 1.631 .111

Figure-6.5.1.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Coffee

6.5.2 Regression for Production of Sugarcane


and standard deviation of Production of Sugarcane is 184.0794 and


Cultivation of Sugarcane is 8.0954 and 1.14489 respectively; and the

mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane is


Table-6.5.2.1; Descriptive Statistics for Sugarcane



Production of Sugarcane 184.0794 90.91104 63

Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane 8.0954 1.14489 63

Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane 198.0317 110.32020 63


Pearson Correlation between Production of Sugarcane and Area of

Cultivation of Sugarcane is .684 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Sugarcane and Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane is .865.

Table-6.5.2.2; Pearson Correlations for Sugarcane

Page | 140

Correlations

Production of

Sugarcane

Area of Cultivation

of Sugarcane

Yield per Hectare

of Sugarcane

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Sugarcane 1.000 .684 .865

Area of Cultivation

of Sugarcane .684 1.000 .779

Yield per Hectare

of Sugarcane .865 .779 1.000



2of model are .865,



Error of the Estimate is 46.38991, which is tolerable. Figure-6.5.2.3

depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Sugarcane

Table-6.5.2.3; Regression Model Summary for Sugarcane

Model Summaryc


1 .865a .748 .740 46.38991

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane, Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane

c. Dependent Variable: Production of Sugarcane

Figure-6.5.2.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Sugarcane

6.5.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Sugarcane



Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane and Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane

explain Production of Sugarcane, or have happened by chance. In other

Page | 141




Sugarcane




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Sugarcane in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane nor Yield per

Hectare of Sugarcane” is rejected.

6.5.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Sugarcane




Sugarcane and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane

and Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane as whole is not highly significant” is

rejected.

Table-6.5.2.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Sugarcane

ANOVAa


1

Regression 383297.232 2 191648.616 89.055 .000b

Residual 129121.449 60 2152.024

Total 512418.680 62 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Sugarcane

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane, Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane

c. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane


Coefficient of Constant is 28.957 with standard error of 54.657,

Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane is 2.157 with standard

error of 8.208 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane is .695


Cultivation of Sugarcane is .027 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of

Sugarcane is .844.

Page | 142

From Table-6.5.2.5, it may be observed, the t-Value of Constant is .530

with Significance of .598, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane is

.263 with Significance of .794 and t-Value of Yield per Hectare of

Sugarcane is 8.161 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.5.2.5 depicts Scatter

Plot for Regression Model for Sugarcane

Table-6.5.2.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Sugarcane

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) 28.957 54.657 .530 .598

Area of Cultivation

of Sugarcane 2.157 8.208 .027 .263 .794

Yield per Hectare

of Sugarcane .695 .085 .844 8.161 .000

Figure-6.5.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Sugarcane

6.5.3 Regression for Production of Tea


and standard deviation of Production of Tea is 728.9291 and 189.74351


Tea is 1.0314 and .13105 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Tea is 1622.3721 and 402.59521

respectively.

Table-6.5.3.1; Descriptive Statistics for Tea



Production of Tea 728.9291 189.74351 43

Area of Cultivation of Tea 1.0314 .13105 43

Page | 143

Yield per Hectare of Tea 1622.3721 402.59521 43


Pearson Correlation between Production of Tea and Area of Cultivation

of Tea is -.502 and the Pearson Correlation between Production of Tea

and Yield per Hectare of Tea is .974.

Table-6.5.3.2; Pearson Correlations for Tea

Correlations

Production

of Tea

Area of Cultivation

of Tea

Yield per

Hectare of Tea

Pearson

Correlati

on

Production of Tea 1.000 -.502 .974

Area of Cultivation of Tea -.502 1.000 -.530

Yield per Hectare of Tea .974 -.530 1.000



2of model are .974,



Error of the Estimate is 43.66269, which is tolerable Figure-6.5.3.3 depicts

Regression Standardized Residual for Tea.

Table-6.5.3.3; Regression Model Summary for Tea

Model Summaryc


1 .974a .950 .947 43.66269

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Tea, Area of Cultivation of Tea

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Tea

c. Dependent Variable: Production of Tea

Figure-6.5.3.3; Regression Standard Residual for Tea

6.5.3.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Tea

Page | 144



Area of Cultivation of Tea and Yield per Hectare of Tea explain

Production of Tea, or have happened by chance. In other words, „is the




Tea




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Tea in India does neither

depends on Area of Cultivation of Tea nor Yield per Hectare of Tea” is

rejected.

6.5.3.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tea




Tea and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Tea and Yield per

Hectare of Tea as whole is not highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.5.3.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tea

ANOVAa


1

Regression 1435852.023 2 717926.012 376.581 .000b

Residual 76257.216 40 1906.430

Total 1512109.240 42 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Tea

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Tea, Area of Cultivation of Tea

c. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Tea



Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Tea is 27.318 with standard error

of 60.610 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Tea is .464 with


Page | 145

Cultivation of Tea is .019 and Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Rice

is .984.


-.616 with Significance of .541, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Tea is

.451 with Significance of .655 and t-Value of Yield per Hectare of Tea is

23.514 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.5.3.5 depicts Scatter Plot for

Regression Model for Tea.

Table-6.5.3.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Tea

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -51.883 84.240 -.616 .541

Area of Cultivation of Tea 27.318 60.610 .019 .451 .655

Yield per Hectare of Tea .464 .020 .984 23.514 .000

Figure-6.5.3.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Tea

6.5.4 Regression for Production of Tobacco


and standard deviation of Production of Tobacco is .4464 and .13315


Tobacco is .4054 and .04805 respectively; and the mean and standard

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Tobacco is 1101.9672 and 299.90676

respectively.

Table-6.5.4.1; Descriptive Statistics for Tobacco



Page | 146

Production of Tobacco .4464 .13315 61

Area of Cultivation of Tobacco .4054 .04805 61

Yield per Hectare of Tobacco 1101.9672 299.90676 61


Pearson Correlation between Production of Tobacco and Area of

Cultivation of Tobacco is .421 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Tobacco and Yield per Hectare of Tobacco is .899.

Table-6.5.4.2; Pearson Correlations for Tobacco

Correlations

Production of

Tobacco

Area of Cultivation

of Tobacco

Yield per Hectare

of Tobacco

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Tobacco 1.000 .421 .899

Area of Cultivation

of Tobacco .421 1.000 -.001

Yield per Hectare

of Tobacco .899 -.001 1.000



2of



Standard Error of the Estimate is .01571, which is tolerable. Figure-

6.5.4.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Tobacco.

Table-6.5.4.3; Regression Model Summary for Tobacco

Model Summaryb


1 .993a .987 .986 .01571

Figure-6.5.4.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Tobacco

Page | 147

6.5.4.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Tobacco



Area of Cultivation of Tobacco and Yield per Hectare of Tobacco

explain Production of Tobacco, or have happened by chance. In other




Tobacco




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Tobacco in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Tobacco nor Yield per Hectare

of Tobacco” is rejected .

6.5.4.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tobacco




Tobacco and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Tobacco and

Yield per Hectare of Tobacco as whole is not highly significant” is

rejected.

Table-6.5.4.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Tobacco

ANOVAa


1

Regression 1.049 2 .525 2126.401 .000b

Residual .014 58 .000

Total 1.064 60 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Tobacco

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Tobacco, Area of Cultivation of Tobacco


Coefficient of Constant is -.468 with standard error of .019, Coefficient

of Area of Cultivation of Tobacco is 1.170 with standard error of .042

Page | 148

and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Tobacco is .000 with standard


Tobacco is .422 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Cultivation of

Tobacco is .900.


-24.916 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of

Tobacco is 27.709 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per

Hectare of Tobacco is 59.075 with Significance of .000. Figure-6.5.4.5

depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Tobacco.

Table-6.5.4.5 Coefficients for Regression Model for Production of

Tobacco

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -.468 .019 -24.916 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Tobacco 1.170 .042 .422 27.709 .000

Yield per Hectare

of Tobacco .000 .000 .900 59.075 .000

Figure-6.5.4.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Tobacco

6.6 Regression for Production of Textile Inputs

6.6.1 Regression for Production of Cotton


and standard deviation of Production of Cotton is 12.4235 and 7.87855


Cotton is .4453 and .07869 respectively; and the mean and standard

Page | 149

deviation of Yield per Hectare of Cotton is 1613.6512 and 187.34166

respectively.

Table-6.6.1.1; Descriptive Statistics for Cotton



Production of Cotton 12.4235 7.87855 43

Area of Cultivation of Cotton .4453 .07869 43

Yield per Hectare of Cotton 1613.6512 187.34166 43


Pearson Correlation between Production of Cotton and Area of

Cultivation of Cotton is .861 and the Pearson Correlation between

Production of Cotton and Yield per Hectare of Cotton is .601.

Table-6.6.1.2; Pearson Correlations for Cotton

Correlations

Production of

Cotton

Area of Cultivation

of Cotton

Yield per Hectare

of Cotton

Pearson

Correlation

Production of

Cotton 1.000 .861 .601

Area of Cultivation

of Cotton .861 1.000 .660

Yield per Hectare

of Cotton .601 .660 1.000



2of




6.6.1.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Cotton. Figure-6.6.1.3

depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Cotton.

Table-6.6.1.3; Regression Model Summary for Cotton

Model Summaryc


1 .862a .743 .731 4.08872

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Cotton, Area of Cultivation of Cotton

b. Predictors: (Constant), Area of Cultivation of Cotton

c. Dependent Variable: Production of Cotton

Figure-6.6.1.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Cotton

Page | 150

6.6.1.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Cotton



Area of Cultivation of Cotton and Yield per Hectare of Cotton explain

Production of Cotton, or have happened by chance. In other words, „is the




Cotton




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Cotton in India does neither

depends on Area of Cultivation of Cotton nor Yield per Hectare of Cotton”

is rejected.

6.6.1 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Cotton




Cotton and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Cotton and Yield

per Hectare of Cotton as whole is not highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.6.1.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Cotton

ANOVAa


Page | 151

1

Regression 1938.301 2 969.150 57.972 .000b

Residual 668.706 40 16.718

Total 2607.007 42 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Cotton

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Cotton, Area of Cultivation of Cotton

c. Predictors: (Constant), Area of Cultivation of Cotton



Coefficient of Area of Cultivation of Cotton is 82.292 with standard

error of 10.666 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of Cotton is .002


Cultivation of Cotton is .822 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare of

Cotton is .059.


-5.166 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Cotton


Cotton is .558 with Significance of .580. Figure-6.6.1.5 depicts Scatter Plot

for Regression Model for Cotton.

Table-6.6.1.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Cotton

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1

(Constant) -28.257 5.470 -5.166 .000

Area of Cultivation

of Cotton 82.292 10.666 .822 7.715 .000

Yield per Hectare

of Cotton .002 .004 .059 .558 .580

Figure-6.6.1.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Cotton

Page | 152

6.6.2 Regression for Production of Raw Jute & Mesta


and standard deviation of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta is 9.1447 and


Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta is .2542 and .08702 respectively; and the

mean and standard deviation of Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta

is 768.9070 and 138.88516 respectively.

Table-6.6.2.1; Descriptive Statistics for Raw Jute & Mesta



Production of Raw Jute & Mesta 9.1447 1.88841 43

Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta .2542 .08702 43

Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta 768.9070 138.88516 43


Pearson Correlation between Production of Raw Jute & Mesta and Area

of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta is .816 and the Pearson Correlation

between Production of Raw Jute & Mesta and Yield per Hectare of Raw

Jute & Mesta is .452.

Table-6.6.2.2; Pearson Correlations for Jute & Mesta

Correlations

Production of

Raw Jute &

Mesta

Area of Cultivation

of Raw Jute &

Mesta

Yield per

Hectare of Raw

Jute & Mesta

Pearson

Correlation

Production of Raw

Jute & Mesta 1.000 .816 .452


Raw Jute & Mesta .816 1.000 .444


Raw Jute & Mesta .452 .444 1.000



2of




6.6.2.3 depicts Regression Standardized Residual for Raw Jute & Mesta.

Page | 153

Table-6.6.2.3; Regression Model Summary for Jute & Mesta

Model Summaryc


1 .822a .676 .660 1.10072

a. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta, Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta

b. Predictors: (Constant), Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta

c. Dependent Variable: Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

Figure-6.6.2.3; Regression Standardized Residual for Raw Jute &

Mesta

6.6.2.1 F Test for the Regression for Production of Raw Jute & Mesta



Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta and Yield per Hectare of Raw

Jute & Mesta explain Production of Raw Jute & Mesta, or have

happened by chance. In other words, „is the regression as a whole significant

or not?‟ Table-6.6.2.4 gives values of variables/statistics of our interest.


Raw Jute & Mesta




level the null hypothesis (H0), “Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in India

does neither depends on Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta nor

Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta” is rejected.

Page | 154

6.6.2.3 ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Raw Jute & Mesta




Raw Jute & Mesta and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Raw

Jute & Mesta and Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta as whole is not

highly significant” is rejected.

Table-6.6.2.4; ANOVA for the Regression for Production of Jute &

Mesta

ANOVAa


1

Regression 101.313 2 50.656 41.810 .000b

Residual 48.464 40 1.212

Total 149.776 42 a. Dependent Variable: Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

b. Predictors: (Constant), Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta, Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta

c. Predictors: (Constant), Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta


Coefficient of Constant is 3.745 with standard error of .959, Coefficient

of Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta is 16.634 with standard

error of 2.178 and Coefficient of Yield per Hectare in Raw Jute & Mesta

is .002 with standard error of .001. And Standardized Coefficient of

Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta is .767 and Coefficient of Yield

per Hectare of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta is .112.


3.904 with Significance of .000, t-Value of Area of Cultivation of Raw

Jute & Mesta is 7.636 with Significance of .000 and t-Value of Yield per

Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta is 1.117 with Significance of .271. Figure-

6.6.2.5 depicts Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Raw Jute & Mesta.

Table-6.6.2.5; Coefficients for Regression Model for Raw Jute & Mesta

Coefficientsa


Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1 (Constant) 3.745 .959 3.904 .000

Page | 155


Raw Jute & Mesta 16.634 2.178 .767 7.636 .000


Raw Jute & Mesta .002 .001 .112 1.117 .271

Figure-6.6.2.5; Scatter Plot for Regression Model for Raw Jute & Mesta

6.7 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Andhra

Pradesh

6.7.1 Production of Rice in Andhra Pradesh

From Table-6.7.1, it may be observed that for Pre-WTO 15 years,

the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Rice (in thousand

tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 6909.10, 8790.70 and 1881.60 respectively.

Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand

tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 7643.9833 and 679.26260 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra

Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.171556 %.

From Table-6.7.1, it may be observed that for Post-WTO 18 years,




tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 10094.8667 and 1722.26665 respectively.

And mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in

Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.189265%.

Page | 156

From Table-6.7.1, it may be observed that for Production of Rice (in

thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

range has been increased by 3249.4, which is desirable; mean has been

increased by 2450.8834, which is desirable; standard deviation has been

increased by 1043.00405, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has

been increased by 0.017709, which is desirable for the economy. Further

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and increase in mean

growth rate is a strongly desirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.7.1; Production of Rice in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period

No.

of

Years

Minimum Maximum Range Mean Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6909.10 8790.70 1881.60 7643.9833 679.26260 3.171556

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 7327.00 12458.00 5131.00 10094.8667 1722.26665 3.189265

6.7.2 Production of Wheat in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Wheat (in thousand

tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 5.90, 14.00 and 8.10 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Wheat (in thousand

tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 9.9500 and 3.32310 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra

Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 9.232643%.



tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 6.00, 14.00 and 8.00 respectively. Further


tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 8.4222 and 2.40924 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra

Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.716135%.

Page | 157

From Table-6.7.2, it may be observed that for Production of Wheat

(in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

range has been decreased by 0.1, which is undesirable; mean has been

decreased by 1.5278, which is undesirable; standard deviation has been

decreased by 0.91386, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been

decreased by 2.51651, which is undesirable for the economy. Further from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth

rate is a strongly undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.7.2; Production of Wheat in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of

Years Minimum Maximum Range Mean

Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 5.90 14.00 8.10 9.9500 3.32310 9.232643

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 6.00 14.00 8.00 8.4222 2.40924 6.716135

6.7.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Coarse Cereals (in

thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 2123.90, 3067.10 and 943.20

respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production of

Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 2560.0667

and 374.05171 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of

Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO

15 years is -1.02502%.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 2306.2111


Page | 158

Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO

18 years is 9.091862%.

From Table-6.7.3, it may be observed that for Production of Coarse

Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been increased by 764.2, which is desirable; mean has

been decreased by 253.856, which is undesirable; standard deviation has

been increased by 122.7367, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate

has been increased by 10.11688, which is desirable for the economy.

Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and increase in

mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.7.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2123.90 3067.10 943.20 2560.0667 374.05171 -1.02502

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1790.60 3498.00 1707.40 2306.2111 496.78837 9.091862

6.7.4 Production of Pulses in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Pulses (in thousand


Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Pulses (in

thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 527.2000and 80.32342

respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand

tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.091463%.



tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 515.70, 1239.00 and 723.30respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 916.1111 and 224.25686

Page | 159


tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.759862%.

From Table-6.7.4, it may be observed that for Production of Pulses








Table-6.7.4; Production of Pulses in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 414.50 629.00 214.50 527.2000 80.32342 4.091463

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 515.70 1239.00 723.30 916.1111 224.25686 6.759862

6.7.5 Production of Food Grains in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Food Grains (in


respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Food

Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 10741.2000 and

883.41485 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Food

Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years

is 1.807536%.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 13331.1778 and

Page | 160


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years

is 4.370533%.

From Table-6.7.5, it may be observed that for Production of Food

Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-


been increased by 2589.978, which is desirable; standard deviation has



Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and increase in

mean growth rate is a strongly desirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.7.5; Production of Food Grains in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 9615.10 11881.30 2266.20 10741.2000 883.41485 1.807536

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 10653.60 16029.20 5375.60 13331.1778 1892.06744 4.370533

6.7.6 Production of Oilseeds in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Oilseeds (in



Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 1396.2667 and

303.57223 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds

(in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is

9.211011%.





Page | 161

Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 1966.2778 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is

7.065937%.

From Table-6.7.6, it may be observed that for Production of

Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been increased by 877.2, which is desirable; mean

has been increased by 570.0111, which is desirable; standard deviation

has been increased by 336.6583, which is undesirable; and mean growth

rate has been decreased by 2.14507, which is undesirable for the economy.

Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and decrease in


Table-6.7.6; Production of Oilseeds in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 928.10 1839.50 911.40 1396.2667 303.57223 9.211011

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1256.30 3039.90 1783.60 1966.2778 640.23048 7.065937

6.7.7 Production of Cotton in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Cotton (in thousand


Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Cotton (in


respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Cotton (in

thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is

7.556589%.




Page | 162




thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is

14.17864%.

From Table-6.7.7, it may be observed that for Production of Cotton








Table-6.7.7; Production of Cotton in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 624.00 1018.70 394.70 797.2667 165.62693 7.556589

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1085.70 1890.00 804.30 1604.5889 271.79243 14.17864

6.7.8 Production of Sugarcane in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Sugarcane (in



Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 11138.3833 and

2184.13883 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of

Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15

years is 4.89961%.



Page | 163



Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 16156.1111 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18

years is 1.121922%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been decreased by 733.9, which is undesirable;

mean has been increased by 5017.728, which is desirable; standard

deviation has been decreased by 581.351, which is desirable; and mean

growth rate has been decreased by 3.77769, which is undesirable for the

economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and

decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for the

economy.

Table-6.7.8; Production of Sugarcane in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 9674.60 14961.50 5286.90 11138.3833 2184.13883 4.89961

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 13955.00 18508.00 4553.00 16156.1111 1602.78788 1.121922

6.7.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Andhra Pradesh


the minimum, maximum and range of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

(in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 490.00, 750.00 and 260.00

respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Raw

Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 624.8000 and

112.70622 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Raw Jute

& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years

is 4.285803%.

Page | 164



(in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 470.00, 699.00 and 229.00


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh is 610.8889 and


& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh for Post-WTO 18

years is -6.88751%.

From Table-6.7.9, it may be observed that for Production of Raw

Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO range has been decreased by 31, which is undesirable;

mean has been decreased by 13.19111, which is undesirable; standard



economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and


economy.

Table-6.7.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Andhra Pradesh

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Andhra Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 490.00 750.00 260.00 624.8000 112.70622 4.285803

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 470.00 699.00 229.00 610.8889 74.79010 -6.88751


Arunachal Pradesh

6.8.1 Production of Rice in Arunachal Pradesh



tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 88.20, 144.00 and 55.80 respectively.


Page | 165

tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 121.5933 and 18.90406 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in

Arunachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.171556%.



tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 114.10, 163.90 and 49.80 respectively.




Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.479944%.


thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

range has been decreased by 6, which is undesirable; mean has been




Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and decrease in mean growth


Table-6.8.1; Production of Rice in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 88.20 144.00 55.80 121.5933 18.90406 3.171556

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 114.10 163.90 49.80 139.7214 14.17523 2.479944

6.8.2 Production of Wheat in Arunachal Pradesh



tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 3.80, 9.00 and 5.20 respectively. Further



Page | 166

mean growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in







mean growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in

Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.78801%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been decreased by 0.9, which is undesirable; mean has


been decreased by 0.57578, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has

been decreased by 10.0207, which is undesirable for the economy. Further

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in mean

growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.8.2; Production of Wheat in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.80 9.00 5.20 6.1267 1.62765 9.232643

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4.40 8.70 4.30 6.0214 1.05187 -0.78801

6.8.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Arunachal Pradesh (in thousand

tonnes)



thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 39.00, 74.20 and 35.20


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 56.4533

Page | 167


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 2.070243%.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 72.3786

and 6.79289 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Coarse

Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18

years is 1.408574%.


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been decreased by 12.9, which is undesirable; mean

has been increased by 15.9253, which is desirable; standard deviation has



from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and decrease in mean


Table-6.8.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 39.00 74.20 35.20 56.4533 11.31806 2.070243

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 62.60 84.90 22.30 72.3786 6.79289 1.408574

6.8.4 Production of Pulses in Arunachal Pradesh




Page | 168

mean and standard deviation of Production of Pulses (in thousand

tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 4.8400 and .46690 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in








Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 4.712829 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been increased by 3, which is desirable; mean has been






Table-6.8.4; Production of Pulses in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4.20 5.30 1.10 4.8400 .46690 9.454413

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4.90 9.00 4.10 7.1714 1.10205 4.712829

6.8.5 Production of Food Grains in Arunachal Pradesh





Page | 169

Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 185.3800 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15

years is 4.877351%.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 225.2929 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18

years is 1.94577%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.8.5; Production of Food Grains in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 131.00 232.00 101.00 185.3800 29.90805 4.877351

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 187.90 255.80 67.90 225.2929 20.86205 1.94577

6.8.6 Production of Oilseeds in Arunachal Pradesh




Page | 170


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 15.0800 and

6.64123 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in

thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is

5.286763%.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 25.5714 and

2.41005 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in

thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is

2.275651%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.8.6; Production of Oilseeds in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6.20 25.20 19.00 15.0800 6.64123 5.286763

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 22.70 30.50 7.80 25.5714 2.41005 2.275651

6.8.7 Production of Cotton in Arunachal Pradesh



Page | 171

tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is .10, 3.30 and 3.20 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Cotton (in thousand


mean growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in

Arunachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.192104 %.

Table-6.8.7; Production of Cotton in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 3.30 3.20 1.5222 1.68655 3.192104

6.8.8 Production of Sugarcane in Arunachal Pradesh





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh is 17.7875 and

3.32241 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Sugarcane

(in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is

4.187462%.

Table-6.8.8; Production of Sugarcane in Arunachal Pradesh

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Arunachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 14.10 23.40 9.30 17.7875 3.32241 4.187462

6.9 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Assam

6.9.1 Production of Rice in Assam



tonnes) in Assam is 2235.60, 3361.10 and 1125.50 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes)

Page | 172

in Assam is 2794.2200 and 393.54978 respectively. And mean growth rate

of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Pre-WTO 15

years is 2.540235%.



tonnes) in Assam is 2916.00, 4752.00 and 1836.00 respectively. Further


in Assam is 3727.3389 and 458.89884 respectively. And mean growth rate

of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Post-WTO 18

years is 3.267063 %.


thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been

increased by 710.5, which is desirable; mean has been increased by

933.189, which is desirable; standard deviation has been increased by

65.34906, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been increased

by 0.726828, which is desirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO increase in mean and increase in mean growth rate is a

strongly desirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.9.1; Production of Rice in Assam

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2235.60 3361.10 1125.50 2794.2200 393.54978 2.540235

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2916.00 4752.00 1836.00 3727.3389 458.89884 3.267063

6.9.2 Production of Wheat in Assam



tonnes) in Assam is 78.70, 154.80 and 76.10 respectively. Further mean

and standard deviation of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in

Assam is 111.9067 and 18.21108 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 173

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Pre-WTO 15

years is 1.283819%.






Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Post-WTO 18

years is -2.42171%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been decreased by 12.7, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased

by 34.6178, which is undesirable; standard deviation has been increased

by 0.78802, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been




Table-6.9.2; Production of Wheat in Assam

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 78.70 154.80 76.10 111.9067 18.21108 1.283819

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 53.70 117.10 63.40 77.2889 18.99910 -2.42171

6.9.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Assam



thousand tonnes) in Assam is 15.70, 18.30 and 2.60 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Coarse Cereals (in

thousand tonnes) in Assam is 16.9133 and .88710 respectively. And mean

Page | 174

growth rate of Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in

Assam for Pre-WTO 15 years is 0.084935%.



thousand tonnes) in Assam is 15.40, 20.10 and 4.70 respectively. Further


thousand tonnes) in Assam is 17.9444 and 1.27613 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes)

in Assam for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.81861%.


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.9.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Assam

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 15.70 18.30 2.60 16.9133 .88710 0.084935

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 15.40 20.10 4.70 17.9444 1.27613 -0.81861

6.9.4 Production of Pulses in Assam



tonnes) in Assam is 47.10, 66.20 and 19.10 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in


Page | 175

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Pre-WTO 15

years is 2.07481%.




and standard deviation of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in


Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Post-WTO 18

years is 5.492916 %.



been increased by 47.9, which is desirable; mean has been increased by



by 3.418106, which is desirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO increase in mean and increase in mean growth rate is a


Table-6.9.4; Production of Pulses in Assam

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 47.10 66.20 19.10 54.7467 5.47173 2.07481

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 54.00 121.00 67.00 68.3389 17.32931 5.492916

6.9.5 Production of Food Grains in Assam



thousand tonnes) in Assam is 2419.10, 3535.00 and 1115.90 respectively.

Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Food Grains (in


Page | 176

mean growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in

Assam for Pre-WTO 15 years is 2.30159%.







Assam for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.100594%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.9.5; Production of Food Grains in Assam

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2419.10 3535.00 1115.90 2977.7867 382.38178 2.30159

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3060.00 4896.00 1836.00 3890.9111 459.38796 3.100594

6.9.6 Production of Oilseeds in Assam




Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Oilseeds (in


Page | 177

mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in

Assam for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.502677 %.







Assam for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.404029%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.9.6; Production of Oilseeds in Assam

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 111.90 189.60 77.70 151.3000 21.90186 3.502677

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 113.20 174.00 60.80 149.7333 14.45610 1.404029

6.9.7 Production of Cotton in Assam



tonnes) in Assam is .80, 2.00 and 1.20 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in

Assam is 1.3600 and .43556 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 178

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Pre-WTO 15

years is -6.02604 %.



tonnes) in Assam is .00, 1.00 and 1.00 respectively. Further mean and


Assam is .7000 and .35147 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Post-WTO 18

years is -2.91667%.

From Table-6.9.7, it may be observed that for Production of Cotton


been decreased by 0.2, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased by

0.66, which is undesirable; standard deviation has been decreased by

0.08409, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased by

3.10937, which is desirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO decrease in mean and increase in mean growth rate is a

strongly undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.9.7; Production of Cotton in Assam

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .80 2.00 1.20 1.3600 .43556 -6.02604

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 1.00 1.00 .7000 .35147 -2.91667

6.9.8 Production of Sugarcane in Assam




Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Sugarcane (in


Page | 179

mean growth rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in

Assam for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.03349%.







Assam for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.71626%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.9.8; Production of Sugarcane in Assam

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1373.90 2687.20 1313.30 1846.8000 356.29499 -0.03349

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 871.20 1490.30 619.10 1089.0500 181.97719 -0.71626

6.9.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Assam



(in thousand tonnes) in Assam is 702.30, 1231.60 and 529.30 respectively.

Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Raw Jute &

Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Assam is 931.3467 and 130.92344

Page | 180

respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

(in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Pre-WTO 15 years is 1.930979%.



(in thousand tonnes) in Assam is 435.80, 933.10 and 497.30 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Assam is 685.8278 and 112.10099


(in thousand tonnes) in Assam for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.19828%.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Assam from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been decreased by 32, which is undesirable; mean has






Table-6.9.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Assam

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Assam

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 702.30 1231.60 529.30 931.3467 130.92344 1.930979

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 435.80 933.10 497.30 685.8278 112.10099 -0.19828

6.10 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Bihar

(and Jharkhand)

6.10.1 Production of Rice in Bihar (and Jharkhand)



tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 3065.00, 6563.50 and 3498.50

respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Rice

Page | 181

(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 5339.9267 and

1077.29167 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in

thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.759791%.




respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Rice

(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 7103.3944 and

1765.62209 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in

thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is

8.519066%.

From Table-6.10.1, it may be observed that for Production of Rice

(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.10.1; Production of Rice in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3065.00 6563.50 3498.50 5339.9267 1077.29167 4.759791

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4149.20 10619.10 6469.90 7103.3944 1765.62209 8.519066

6.10.2 Production of Wheat in Bihar (and Jharkhand)




Page | 182


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 3201.2067 and

635.54023 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Wheat

(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.96089%.





Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 4465.4944 and

585.17113 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Wheat

(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) for Post-WTO 18 years

is 2.092646%.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-WTO to



has been decreased by 15.3691, which is desirable; and mean growth rate

has been decreased by 2.86824, which is undesirable for the economy.



Table-6.10.2; Production of Wheat in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2201.80 4356.70 2154.90 3201.2067 635.54023 4.96089

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3316.70 5642.50 2325.80 4465.4944 585.17113 2.092646

6.10.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Bihar (and Jharkhand)



Page | 183

thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 909.10, 1608.50 and

699.40 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production

of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is

1230.5800 and 198.06414 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and

Jharkhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.506009%.





of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is


Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and

Jharkhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 4.847314%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 635.9, which is

desirable; mean has been increased by 594.57, which is desirable;

standard deviation has been increased by 96.83594, which is undesirable;

and mean growth rate has been increased by 1.341305, which is desirable

for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean

and increase in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable condition for the

economy.

Table-6.10.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 909.10 1608.50 699.40 1230.5800 198.06414 3.506009

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1445.60 2780.90 1335.30 1825.1500 294.90008 4.847314

6.10.4 Production of Pulses in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Page | 184





Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 805.9333 and

64.90681 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Pulses (in


0.107097 %.





Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 743.5444 and

139.87657 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Pulses


is 5.12123%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.10.4; Production of Pulses in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 693.30 915.80 222.50 805.9333 64.90681 0.107097

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 560.70 1136.30 575.60 743.5444 139.87657 5.12123

Page | 185

6.10.5 Production of Food Grains in Bihar (and Jharkhand)





of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is


Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and

Jharkhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.31916 %.





of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is


Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and

Jharkhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 4.290186 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO range has been increased by 4252.1, which is desirable;


deviation has been increased by 807.1991, which is undesirable; and mean

growth rate has been increased by 0.971026, which is desirable for the


increase in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable condition for the

economy.

Table-6.10.5; Production of Food Grains in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7316.20 12971.00 5654.80 10577.6467 1632.87839 3.31916

Page | 186

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 10015.50 19922.40 9906.90 14137.2444 2440.07746 4.290186

6.10.6 Production of Oilseeds in Bihar (and Jharkhand)



thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 109.70, 164.60 and 54.90


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 131.7400 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is

2.970395%.



thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 113.00, 344.70 and 231.70


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 185.8444 and



is 6.449894%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO range has been increased by 176.8, which is desirable;






economy.

Table-6.10.6; Production of Oilseeds in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

Page | 187

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 109.70 164.60 54.90 131.7400 16.93082 2.970395

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 113.00 344.70 231.70 185.8444 62.59486 6.449894

6.10.7 Production of Oilseeds in Bihar (and Jharkhand)



thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is .20, 1.50 and 1.30


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is .5467 and

.30907 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in


22.55102%.



thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is .00, .20 and .20


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is .0222 and

.05483 respectively


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO range has been decreased by 1.1, which is undesirable; mean

has been decreased by 0.5245, which is undesirable; standard deviation

has been decreased by 0.25424, which is desirable; for the economy.

Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean is a strongly

undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.10.7; Production of Oilseeds in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .20 1.50 1.30 .5467 .30907 22.55102

1995-96

to 2012-18 .00 .20 .20 .0222 .05483

Page | 188

13

6.10.8 Production of Sugarcane in Bihar (and Jharkhand)





of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is


Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.941131%.




11452.40 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of


is 6481.4111 and 3732.62686 respectively. And mean growth rate of


for Post-WTO 18 years is 11.77667 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-

WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 7127.50, which is






economy.

Table-6.10.8; Production of Sugarcane in Bihar (and Jharkhand)


Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

Page | 189

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3480.40 7805.30 4324.90 5011.5533 1364.80373 4.941131

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4004.90 15457.30 11452.40 6481.4111 3732.62686 11.77667

6.10.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Bihar (and Jharkhand)



(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 872.70, 1918.40 and


of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and

Jharkhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.452277%.



(in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is 816.90, 2092.00 and


of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) is


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and

Jharkhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.437288 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand) from Pre-







economy.

Table-6.10.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Bihar (and

Jharkhand)

Page | 190

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Bihar (and Jharkhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 872.70 1918.40 1045.70 1147.9867 261.13200 5.452277

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 816.90 2092.00 1275.10 1352.3722 296.23467 6.437288

6.11 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Goa

6.11.1 Production of Rice in Goa



tonnes) in Goa is 72.70, 140.40 and 67.70 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Goa is

124.4867 and 16.81648 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production

of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Pre-WTO 15 years is 2.659965

%.



tonnes) in Goa is .00, 208.90 and 208.90 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Goa is

135.0333 and 43.35283 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production

of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.214823

%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Goa from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been

increased by 141.2, which is desirable; mean has been increased by


26.53635, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been decreased

by 1.44514, which is undesirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO

to Post-WTO increase in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a


Page | 191

Table-6.11.1; Production of Rice in Goa

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 72.70 140.40 67.70 124.4867 16.81648 2.659965

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 208.90 208.90 135.0333 43.35283 1.214823

6.11.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Goa



thousand tonnes) in Goa is .90, 12.90 and 12.00 respectively. Further mean

and standard deviation of Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand

tonnes) in Goa is 5.7933 and 3.66790 respectively. And mean growth rate

of Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 14.68334 %.

Table-6.11.2; Production of Coarse Cereals in Goa

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .90 12.90 12.00 5.7933 3.66790 14.68334

6.11.3 Production of Pulses in Goa



tonnes) in Goa is 4.60, 5.10 and .50 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

is 4.9000 and .24495 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of

Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Pre-WTO 15 years is -1.60557%.



tonnes) in Goa is .00, 16.30 and 16.30 respectively. Further mean and

Page | 192

standard deviation of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

is 8.8667 and 3.44377 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production

of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Post-WTO 18 years is

7.194257%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Goa from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been

increased by 15.8, which is desirable; mean has been increased by 3.9667,

which is desirable; standard deviation has been increased by 3.99182,

which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been increased by


Post-WTO increase in mean and increase in mean growth rate is a


Table-6.11.3; Production of Pulses in Goa

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4.60 5.10 .50 4.9000 .24495 -1.60557

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 16.30 16.30 8.8667 3.44377 7.194257

6.11.4 Production of Food Grains in Goa



thousand tonnes) in Goa is 73.60, 149.30 and 75.70 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Food Grains (in thousand

tonnes) in Goa is 131.5933 and 18.77728 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 2.804868%.



thousand tonnes) in Goa is .00, 219.80 and 219.80 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Food Grains (in thousand

Page | 193


rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Post-

WTO 18 years is 1.224494%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Goa from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been increased by 144.1, which is desirable; mean has been increased

by 13.9534, which is desirable; standard deviation has been increased by





Table-6.11.4; Production of Food Grains in Goa

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 73.60 149.30 75.70 131.5933 18.77728 2.804868

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 219.80 219.80 145.5467 45.90151 1.224494

6.11.5 Production of Oilseeds in Goa



thousand tonnes) in Goa is 1.00, 2.10 and 1.10 respectively. Further mean

and standard deviation of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in

Goa is 1.6000 and .37417 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Pre-WTO 15

years is 9.964986%.




and standard deviation of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in

Goa is 4.0467 and 2.38294 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 194

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Post-WTO 18

years is 16.69917%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Goa from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.11.5; Production of Oilseeds in Goa

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.00 2.10 1.10 1.6000 .37417 9.964986

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 8.20 8.20 4.0467 2.38294 16.69917

6.11.6 Production of Sugarcane in Goa



thousand tonnes) in Goa is 53.70, 88.00 and 34.30 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand


rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 0.797961%.




and standard deviation of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes)

in Goa is 56.9400 and 16.99734 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 195

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Goa for Post-WTO 18

years is 0.240749%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Goa from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO



increased by 6.0246, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been




Table-6.11.6; Production of Sugarcane in Goa

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Goa

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 53.70 88.00 34.30 71.6667 10.97274 0.797961

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 72.80 72.80 56.9400 16.99734 0.240749

6.12 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Gujarat

6.12.1 Production of Rice in Gujarat



tonnes) in Gujarat is 279.40, 942.10 and 662.70 respectively. Further mean

and standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in

Gujarat is 688.6333 and 195.06686 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for Pre-WTO 15

years is 14.36578%.



tonnes) in Gujarat is 472.30, 1764.00 and 1291.70 respectively. Further


in Gujarat is 1163.3222 and 337.49190 respectively. And mean growth

Page | 196

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for Post-

WTO 18 years is 11.54658%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been increased by 629, which is desirable; mean has been increased by






Table-6.12.1; Production of Rice in Gujarat

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 279.40 942.10 662.70 688.6333 195.06686 14.36578

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 472.30 1764.00 1291.70 1163.3222 337.49190 11.54658

6.12.2 Production of Wheat in Gujarat





tonnes) in Gujarat is 1201.6200 and 413.45566 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for

Pre-WTO 15 years is 23.58018%.






Page | 197

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for

Post-WTO 18 years is 13.51033%.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.12.2; Production of Wheat in Gujarat

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 351.20 1962.40 1611.20 1201.6200 413.45566 23.58018

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 649.00 4100.00 3451.00 2169.6389 1095.53993 13.51033

6.12.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Gujarat



thousand tonnes) in Gujarat is 595.00, 2803.60 and 2208.60 respectively.

Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Coarse Cereals (in

thousand tonnes) in Gujarat is 1992.5533 and 623.68561 respectively.

And mean growth rate of Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand

tonnes) in Gujarat for Pre-WTO 15 years is 19.57037%.






Page | 198


tonnes) in Gujarat for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.792649%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.12.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Gujarat

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 595.00 2803.60 2208.60 1992.5533 623.68561 19.57037

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1226.60 2635.40 1408.80 1955.5500 382.19791 5.792649

6.12.4 Production of Pulses in Gujarat






Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for Pre-WTO 15

years is 17.95834%.






Page | 199

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for Post-WTO 18

years is 8.381847%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.12.4; Production of Pulses in Gujarat

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 142.70 648.10 505.40 446.7800 151.56055 17.95834

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 190.70 783.00 592.30 551.8000 153.60443 8.381847

6.12.5 Production of Food Grains in Gujarat






And mean growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand

tonnes) in Gujarat for Pre-WTO 15 years is 17.86061%.






Page | 200


tonnes) in Gujarat for Post-WTO 18 years is 8.639993%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.12.5; Production of Food Grains in Gujarat

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1368.30 5743.60 4375.30 4329.5867 1223.11738 17.86061

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2539.00 9066.00 6527.00 5840.3389 1676.27416 8.639993

6.12.6 Production of Oilseeds in Gujarat






And mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in

Gujarat for Pre-WTO 15 years is 64.26312%.






Page | 201


Gujarat for Post-WTO 18 years is 20.19757%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.12.6; Production of Oilseeds in Gujarat

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 398.20 3706.90 3308.70 2133.7133 910.23108 64.26312

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1661.70 5665.00 4003.30 3431.8833 1180.76200

20.19757

6.12.7 Production of Cotton in Gujarat






growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for







Page | 202

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for



Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.12.7; Production of Cotton in Gujarat

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 295.30 2269.30 1974.00 1590.3200 500.36376 27.3164

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1161.40 12000.00 10838.60 5404.3056 3383.90758

15.22034

6.12.8 Production of Sugarcane in Gujarat



thousand tonnes) in Gujarat is 4435.20, 10872.10 and 6436.90


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat is 7960.6933 and 2228.13650

respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Sugarcane (in

thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for Pre-WTO 15 years is 7.474093%.



thousand tonnes) in Gujarat is 10511.20, 15630.00 and 5118.80


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat is 13607.2500 and 1425.20739

Page | 203


thousand tonnes) in Gujarat for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.704133%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.12.8; Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Gujarat

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4435.20 10872.10 6436.90 7960.6933 2228.13650 7.474093

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 10511.20 15630.00 5118.80 13607.2500 1425.20739

1.704133


Haryana

6.13.1 Production of Rice in Haryana



tonnes) in Haryana is 1073.00, 2227.00 and 1154.00 respectively. Further


in Haryana is 1575.1333 and 336.10306 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 5.345066%.




Page | 204


in Haryana is 2994.4444 and 574.09809 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Post-

WTO 18 years is 5.019582%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.13.1; Production of Rice in Haryana

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1073.00 2227.00 1154.00 1575.1333 336.10306 5.345066

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1847.00 3976.00 2129.00 2994.4444 574.09809 5.019582

6.13.2 Production of Wheat in Haryana





tonnes) in Haryana is 5484.6667 and 1279.37840 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana for






Page | 205


growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana for



Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.13.2; Production of Wheat in Haryana

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3492.00 7303.00 3811.00 5484.6667 1279.37840 5.81422

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 7291.00 12684.40 5393.40 9612.3944 1384.50825 2.766053

6.13.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Haryana



thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 256.00, 1168.00 and 912.00 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 706.2000 and 224.57490 respectively. And


in Haryana for Pre-WTO 15 years is 24.69595%.






Page | 206


in Haryana for Post-WTO 18 years is 7.194998%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.13.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Haryana

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 256.00 1168.00 912.00 706.2000 224.57490 24.69595

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 587.00 1387.00 800.00 989.6889 263.05777 7.194998

6.13.4 Production of Pulses in Haryana






growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana for




tonnes) in Haryana is 76.20, 412.40 and 336.20 respectively. Further mean


Haryana is 182.2222 and 107.93901 respectively. And mean growth rate

Page | 207

of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Post-WTO

18 years is 1.932627%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has


by 241.351, which is undesirable; standard deviation has been decreased

by 41.574, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been decreased


to Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a


Table-6.13.4; Production of Pulses in Haryana

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 111.90 677.90 566.00 423.5733 149.51298 33.37563

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 76.20 412.40 336.20 182.2222 107.93901 1.932627

6.13.5 Production of Food Grains in Haryana



thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 6040.20, 10993.60 and 4953.40


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 8189.5733 and 1690.39339

respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in

thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.405563%.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 13778.7500 and 2043.85286

Page | 208


thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.996084%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.13.5; Production of Food Grains in Haryana

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6040.20 10993.60 4953.40 8189.5733 1690.39339 5.405563

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 10137.40 17957.40 7820.00 13778.7500 2043.85286 2.996084

6.13.6 Production of Oilseeds in Haryana







Haryana for Pre-WTO 15 years is 16.66788%.






Page | 209


Haryana for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.945277%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.13.6; Production of Oilseeds in Haryana

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 117.20 869.70 752.50 432.1733 268.05961 16.66788

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 423.20 1004.80 581.60 803.9111 165.02991 5.945277

6.13.7 Production of Cotton in Haryana






growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana







Page | 210

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

for Post-WTO 18 years is 8.24541%.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

range has been increased by 1097, which is desirable; mean has been






Table-6.13.7; Production of Cotton in Haryana

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 575.00 1406.00 831.00 941.8000 296.01187 7.540054

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 722.00 2650.00 1928.00 1588.9444 519.47105 8.24541

6.13.8 Production of Sugarcane in Haryana





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 6290.6667 and 1132.33303


thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.41189%.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana is 7872.2778 and 1511.90471

Page | 211


thousand tonnes) in Haryana for Post-WTO 18 years is 0.949562%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been increased by 1352, which is desirable; mean has






Table-6.13.8; Production of Sugarcane in Haryana

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Haryana

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4660.00 9000.00 4340.00 6290.6667 1132.33303 4.41189

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4958.00 10650.00 5692.00 7872.2778 1511.90471 0.949562


Himachal Pradesh

6.14.1 Production of Rice in Himachal Pradesh



tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 73.00, 125.40 and 52.40 respectively.


tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 103.0667 and 15.51279 respectively. And


Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 1.158689 %.




Page | 212




Himachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.875319%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.14.1; Production of Rice in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 73.00 125.40 52.40 103.0667 15.51279 1.158689

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 51.00 137.40 86.40 116.2500 19.95929 1.875319

6.14.2 Production of Wheat in Himachal Pradesh




Further mean and standard deviation of Production of Wheat (in

thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 467.8733 and 109.36397

respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand

tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 6.16125%.





Page | 213



tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 8.802237%.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.14.2; Production of Wheat in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 269.50 601.70 332.20 467.8733 109.36397 6.16125

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 251.30 684.00 432.70 548.2833 115.26471 8.802237

6.14.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Himachal Pradesh



thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 439.60, 719.90 and 280.30


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 606.6133


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO

15 years is 2.528988%.





Page | 214

Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 692.2556


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Post-

WTO 18 years is 2.504166%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-




and mean growth rate has been decreased by 0.02482, which is

undesirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

increase in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly


Table-6.14.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 439.60 719.90 280.30 606.6133 90.49165 2.528988

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 352.00 896.20 544.20 692.2556 119.60051 2.504166

6.14.4 Production of Pulses in Himachal Pradesh



tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 4.60, 20.00 and 15.40 respectively. Further




Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.540525 %.



tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 9.00, 46.60 and 37.60 respectively. Further

Page | 215




Himachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is 13.43589%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.14.4; Production of Pulses in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4.60 20.00 15.40 10.9933 3.59612 4.540525

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 9.00 46.60 37.60 19.8444 10.46019 13.43589

6.14.5 Production of Food Grains in Himachal Pradesh





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 1188.5467 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years

is 2.299247%.




Page | 216


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 1376.6333 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18

years is 2.003376%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.14.5; Production of Food Grains in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 871.50 1434.20 562.70 1188.5467 175.51549 2.299247

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 744.00 1612.30 868.30 1376.6333 209.65236 2.003376

6.14.6 Production of Oilseeds in Himachal Pradesh



thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 3.10, 8.20 and 5.10 respectively.



respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in

thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is

14.4667%.

Page | 217





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 8.2944 and 2.09691


thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is -

1.64762%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been increased by 2.7, which is desirable; mean has

been increased by 2.6811, which is desirable; standard deviation has been





Table-6.14.6; Production of Oilseeds in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.10 8.20 5.10 5.6133 1.31631 14.4667

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4.20 12.00 7.80 8.2944 2.09691 -1.64762

6.14.7 Production of Cotton in Himachal Pradesh



tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is .10, 1.10 and 1.00 respectively. Further


tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is .4667 and .31997 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal

Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is 8.584055%.

Page | 218



tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is .00, .30 and .30 respectively. Further mean

and standard deviation of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in

Himachal Pradesh is .1333 and .07785 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

for Post-WTO 18 years is -23.3333%.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to





Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in


Table-6.14.7; Production of Cotton in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 1.10 1.00 .4667 .31997 8.584055

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 .30 .30 .1333 .07785 -23.3333

6.14.8 Production of Sugarcane in Himachal Pradesh





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 34.5733 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Pre-WTO 15 years is

7.945977%.

Page | 219





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh is 60.1611 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh for Post-WTO 18 years is

11.47181%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.14.8; Production of Sugarcane in Himachal Pradesh

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Himachal Pradesh

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 20.10 57.80 37.70 34.5733 12.24007 7.945977

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 15.20 139.10 123.90 60.1611 30.77000 11.47181

6.15 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Jammu

& Kashmir

6.15.1 Production of Rice in Jammu & Kashmir



tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 420.80, 593.00 and 172.20 respectively.


tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 551.1000 and 44.85548 respectively. And

Page | 220

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu

& Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15 years is 1.388117%.





tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 503.0056 and 61.61832 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu

& Kashmir for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.344711%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.15.1; Production of Rice in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 420.80 593.00 172.20 551.1000 44.85548 1.388117

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 391.10 589.10 198.00 503.0056 61.61832 1.344711

6.15.2 Production of Wheat in Jammu & Kashmir





thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 258.1667 and 61.52975

Page | 221


tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.454457 %.







tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.815234%.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-WTO to




rate has been increased by 1.360777, which is desirable for the economy.



Table-6.15.2; Production of Wheat in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 168.40 352.10 183.70 258.1667 61.52975 5.454457

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 148.70 495.90 347.20 408.8222 85.40942 6.815234

6.15.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Jammu & Kashmir



thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 310.50, 576.70 and 266.20


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 472.7400


Page | 222

Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 2.374336%.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 523.1056


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Post-

WTO 18 years is 0.700948%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-

WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by 61.6, which is

undesirable; mean has been increased by 50.3656, which is desirable;

standard deviation has been decreased by 28.0266, which is desirable; and

mean growth rate has been decreased by 1.67339, which is undesirable


and decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for

the economy.

Table-6.15.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 310.50 576.70 266.20 472.7400 74.40813 2.374336

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 455.80 660.40 204.60 523.1056 46.38151 0.700948

6.15.4 Production of Pulses in Jammu & Kashmir





Page | 223



tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15 years is -1.41417%.







tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.381733%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-WTO to Post-





from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and increase in mean


Table-6.15.4; Production of Pulses in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 18.00 35.00 17.00 25.9600 5.53893 -1.41417

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 12.70 23.70 11.00 15.7889 3.23399 1.381733

6.15.5 Production of Food Grains in Jammu & Kashmir





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 1308.0000 and

Page | 224


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15

years is 1.495897%.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 1450.7278 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Post-WTO 18

years is 0.636741%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been increased by 151, which is desirable; mean has






Table-6.15.5; Production of Food Grains in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 999.20 1455.00 455.80 1308.0000 122.58977 1.495897

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1114.50 1721.30 606.80 1450.7278 135.04051 0.636741

6.15.6 Production of Oilseeds in Jammu & Kashmir





Page | 225

Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 49.3867 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15 years is -

2.5263%.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 47.3111 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Post-WTO 18 years is

96.24552%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.15.6; Production of Oilseeds in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 26.50 70.80 44.30 49.3867 14.66433 -2.5263

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.70 124.20 121.50 47.3111 22.92358 96.24552

6.15.7 Production of Cotton in Jammu & Kashmir



tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is .10, 1.30 and 1.20 respectively. Further

Page | 226


tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is .6133 and .45335 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu &

Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15 years is 18.31109%.

Table-6.15.7; Production of Cotton in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 1.30 1.20 .6133 .45335 18.31109

6.15.8 Production of Sugarcane in Jammu & Kashmir





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is 17.8467 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Pre-WTO 15 years is -

5.92814%.



thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir is .00, 7.70 and 7.70 respectively.




thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir for Post-WTO 18 years is -

31.6615%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir from Pre-WTO to




Page | 227




Table-6.15.8; Production of Sugarcane in Jammu & Kashmir

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Jammu & Kashmir

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7.40 29.70 22.30 17.8467 6.18164 -5.92814

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 7.70 7.70 2.3538 3.03057 -31.6615


Karnataka

6.16.1 Production of Rice in Karnataka



tonnes) in Karnataka is 1894.70, 3182.80 and 1288.10 respectively.


tonnes) in Karnataka is 2469.2133 and 412.57785 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for




tonnes) in Karnataka is 2390.10, 5744.00 and 3353.90 respectively.



growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for



(in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been increased by 2065.8, which is desirable; mean has been

Page | 228






Table-6.16.1; Production of Rice in Karnataka

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1894.70 3182.80 1288.10 2469.2133 412.57785 3.501906

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2390.10 5744.00 3353.90 3555.7167 709.13544 2.916563

6.16.2 Production of Wheat in Karnataka



tonnes) in Karnataka is 89.30, 211.80 and 122.50 respectively. Further



growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka







growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka



Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO



Page | 229





Table-6.16.2; Production of Wheat in Karnataka

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 89.30 211.80 122.50 159.8800 36.03507 3.490129

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 96.20 261.00 164.80 195.5611 45.68970 6.00816

6.16.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Karnataka



thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 3028.60, 4709.20 and 1680.60


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 3911.0533 and

540.10819 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Coarse

Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.257044%.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 5492.6778 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Post-WTO 18 years is

4.354722%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been increased by 2474, which is desirable; mean

Page | 230






Table-6.16.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Karnataka

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3028.60 4709.20 1680.60 3911.0533 540.10819 4.257044

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3346.40 7501.00 4154.60 5492.6778 1169.79101 4.354722

6.16.4 Production of Pulses in Karnataka






growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka







growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka



(in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range



Page | 231

197.4997, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased by

3.184211, which is undesirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to



Table-6.16.4; Production of Pulses in Karnataka

Table-6.16.4; Production of Pulses in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 462.50 676.40 213.90 573.1400 68.44123 3.838378

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 496.50 1497.00 1000.50 908.7500 265.94096 7.022589

6.16.5 Production of Food Grains in Karnataka





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 7113.2867 and 917.44982


thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.484286 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 10152.7056 and 1990.71965


thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.660514 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO



Page | 232





Table-6.16.5; Production of Food Grains in Karnataka

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 5861.80 8659.30 2797.50 7113.2867 917.44982 3.484286

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 6562.10 13489.00 6926.90 10152.7056 1990.71965 3.660514

6.16.6 Production of Oilseeds in Karnataka





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 1306.8800 and 379.28317


thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Pre-WTO 15 years is 8.821437%.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 1300.5333 and 304.15979


thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Post-WTO 18 years is 0.451321 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-




Page | 233




Table-6.16.6; Production of Oilseeds in Karnataka

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 619.90 1888.70 1268.80 1306.8800 379.28317 8.821437

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 934.10 1756.40 822.30 1300.5333 304.15979 0.451321

6.16.7 Production of Cotton in Karnataka



tonnes) in Karnataka is 448.00 , 923.10 and 475.10 respectively. Further



growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

for Pre-WTO 15 years is 7.072847 %.






growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka



Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO





Page | 234



Table-6.16.7; Production of Cotton in Karnataka

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 448.00 923.10 475.10 695.1867 159.30795 7.072847

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 264.60 1250.00 985.40 783.9222 271.62794 9.580999

6.16.8 Production of Sugarcane in Karnataka





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 18752.2133 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Pre-WTO 15 years is

7.74825 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 28977.2944 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Post-WTO 18 years is

5.383452 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to Post-




Page | 235




Table-6.16.8; Production of Sugarcane in Karnataka

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 12421.00 33092.70 20671.70 18752.2133 5979.17455 7.74825

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 14276.00 42923.50 28647.50 28977.2944 8215.36048 5.383452

6.16.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Karnataka



(in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 11.10, 47.70 and 36.60 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 35.1400 and 12.19589


(in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Pre-WTO 15 years is -8.69178 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 1.00, 10.10 and 9.10 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka is 4.1056 and 3.16850


(in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka for Post-WTO 18 years is -8.0246%.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka from Pre-WTO to




has been increased by 0.66718, which is desirable for the economy. Further

Page | 236



Table-6.16.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Karnataka

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Karnataka

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 11.10 47.70 36.60 35.1400 12.19589 -8.69178

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1.00 10.10 9.10 4.1056 3.16850 -8.0246

6.17 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Kerala

6.17.1 Production of Rice in Kerala



tonnes) in Kerala is 975.10, 1339.70 and 364.60 respectively. Further mean


Kerala is 1134.4400 and 117.83718 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Pre-WTO 15

years is -1.7651 %.



tonnes) in Kerala is 528.50, 953.00 and 424.50 respectively. Further mean



Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Post-WTO 18

years is -2.96914 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been increased by 59.9, which is desirable; mean has been decreased by


2.07151, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been decreased by

Page | 237


Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a


Table-6.17.1; Production of Rice in Kerala

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 975.10 1339.70 364.60 1134.4400 117.83718 -1.7651

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 528.50 953.00 424.50 669.4833 115.76567 -2.96914

6.17.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Kerala



thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 3.10, 7.10 and 4.00 respectively. Further


thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 4.6733 and 1.39154 respectively. And mean


Kerala for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.669019 %.



thousand tonnes) in Kerala is .30, 6.00 and 5.70 respectively. Further


thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 2.9222 and 2.00016 respectively. And mean


Kerala for Post-WTO 18 years is -4.47319 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been increased by 1.7, which is desirable; mean has been




Page | 238



Table-6.17.2; Production of Coarse Cereals in Kerala

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.10 7.10 4.00 4.6733 1.39154 4.669019

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .30 6.00 5.70 2.9222 2.00016 -4.47319

6.17.3 Production of Pulses in Kerala



tonnes) in Kerala is 16.70, 33.30 and 16.60 respectively. Further mean and



Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Pre-WTO 15

years is 1.485565 %.






Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Post-WTO 18

years is -2.94911 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been increased by 9.4, which is desirable; mean has been decreased by

11.09, which is undesirable; standard deviation has been increased by


by 4.434668, which is undesirable for the economy. Further from Pre-

Page | 239

WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth rate

is a strongly undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.17.3; Production of Pulses in Kerala

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 16.70 33.30 16.60 21.0067 3.96961 1.485565

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1.60 27.60 26.00 9.9167 7.23417

-2.94911

6.17.4 Production of Food Grains in Kerala



thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 999.90, 1364.10 and 364.20 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 1160.1200 and 116.82086 respectively. And


Kerala for Pre-WTO 15 years is -1.73839 %.



thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 532.90, 973.60 and 440.70 respectively.




Kerala for Post-WTO 18 years is -3.10924 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO





Page | 240



Table-6.17.4; Production of Food Grains in Kerala

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 999.90 1364.10 364.20 1160.1200 116.82086 -1.73839

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 532.90 973.60 440.70 682.3111 122.27178 -3.10924

6.17.5 Production of Oilseeds in Kerala




mean and standard deviation of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand

tonnes) in Kerala is 12.4200 and 2.78804 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 5.856611 %.





tonnes) in Kerala is 4.2000 and 3.60114 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Post-

WTO 18 years is -8.21999 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO





Page | 241



Table-6.17.5; Production of Oilseeds in Kerala

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7.70 18.60 10.90 12.4200 2.78804 5.856611

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1.00 11.80 10.80 4.2000 3.60114 -8.21999

6.17.6 Production of Cotton in Kerala






Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Pre-WTO 15

years is 8.367802 %.



tonnes) in Kerala is .00, 24.20 and 24.20 respectively. Further mean and



Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala for Post-WTO 18

years is -20.2625 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO





Page | 242



Table-6.17.6; Production of Cotton in Kerala

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7.40 21.80 14.40 11.9533 4.57912 8.367802

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 24.20 24.20 7.4059 8.08034 -20.2625

6.17.7 Production of Sugarcane in Kerala



thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 411.80 , 870.60 and 458.80 respectively.




Kerala for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.575729 %.



thousand tonnes) in Kerala is 110.30 , 916.50 and 806.20 respectively.




Kerala for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.065631 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO





Page | 243



Table-6.17.7; Production of Sugarcane in Kerala

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Kerala

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 411.80 870.60 458.80 531.6933 137.54788 3.575729

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 110.30 916.50 806.20 358.5278 206.02945 6.065631


Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

6.18.1 Production of Rice in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)



tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 3451.00, 6463.00 and


of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is


Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.14788 %.





of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is


Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh) for Post-WTO 18 years is 9.781496 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) from Pre-


Page | 244






economy.

Table-6.18.1; Production of Rice in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3451.00 6463.00 3012.00 4774.0733 885.84821 5.14788

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3351.40 9383.80 6032.40 6159.3556 1499.25187 9.781496

6.18.2 Production of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)





of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is


Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and






of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is


Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and


Page | 245


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 4190.7, which

is desirable; mean has been increased by 2769.803, which is desirable;






Table-6.18.2; Production of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3143.50 7278.60 4135.10 4717.0133 1175.25218 7.126866

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4948.90 13274.70 8325.80 7486.8167 1972.25502 6.640148

6.18.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)



thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 2032.90,

3829.00 and 1796.10 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh

(and Chhattisgarh) is 3114.3067 and 496.49200 respectively. And mean


Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.48526

%.





Page | 246

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh



Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.868731

%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh) from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by

257.3, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased by 618.4345, which

is undesirable; standard deviation has been decreased by 160.5059, which

is desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased by 2.235399, which

is desirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

decrease in mean and increase in mean growth rate is a strongly


Table-6.18.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2032.90 3829.00 1796.10 3114.3067 496.49200 -0.48526

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2027.90 3566.70 1538.80 2495.8722 335.98606 1.868731

6.18.4 Production of Pulses in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)





of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is


Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and


Page | 247





of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is


Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and



(in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) from Pre-

WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 1432, which is desirable;






economy.

Table-6.18.4; Production of Pulses in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2010.80 3653.80 1643.00 2727.6933 392.84982 4.916444

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2542.90 5618.10 3075.20 3726.5000 710.14442 5.944395

6.18.5 Production of Food Grains in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)




19428.30 and 7016.40 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation

of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh

Page | 248


growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in

Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.962425

%.



thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 13086.70 ,


of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh


growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in

Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.796317

%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 10945, which

is desirable; mean has been increased by 4542.084, which is desirable;





economy.

Table-6.18.5; Production of Food Grains in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 12411.90 19428.30 7016.40 15326.4600 2254.13503 3.962425

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 13086.70 31048.40 17961.70 19868.5444 3981.48823 5.796317

6.18.6 Production of Oilseeds in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Page | 249




4735.10and 3901.80 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh) is 3901.80 and 1244.68141 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh

(and Chhattisgarh) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 12.99809 %.





Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh) is 6043.5778 and 1555.27029 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya

Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.081188 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 2349, which is



and mean growth rate has been decreased by 6.9169, which is undesirable


and decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for

the economy.

Table-6.18.6; Production of Oilseeds in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 833.30 4735.10 3901.80 3901.80 1244.68141 12.99809

Page | 250

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3244.60 9495.70 6251.10 6043.5778 1555.27029 6.081188

6.18.7 Production of Cotton in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)





of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)


Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and






of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)


Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and



Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)







economy.

Table-6.18.7; Production of Cotton in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of Minimum Maximum Range Mean Standard Mean

Page | 251

Years Deviation Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 210.20 420.30 210.10 315.7267 64.80957 4.76035

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 245.10 2200.00 1954.90 825.1389 603.44960 15.23718

6.18.8 Production of Sugarcane in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)





Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and


rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya

Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.092353 %.





Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and


rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya

Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.362386 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)








Page | 252

Table-6.18.8; Production of Sugarcane in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1071.20 1646.30 575.10 1387.3733 191.30674 3.092353

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1573.00 3207.50 1634.50 2242.3333 573.53003 2.362386

6.18.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)



(in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 5.10,


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya

Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 9.7000 and 4.21189 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand

tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Pre-WTO 15 years is

-4.53253 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 3.10 ,


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya

Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) is 5.1500 and 1.65893 respectively. And


tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and Chhattisgarh) for Post-WTO 18 years

is 2.861143 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh) from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by

Page | 253

8, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased by 4.55, which is

undesirable; standard deviation has been decreased by 2.55296, which is

desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased by 7.39367, which is

desirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease

in mean and increase in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable

condition for the economy.

Table-6.18.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Madhya Pradesh (and

Chhattisgarh)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 5.10 20.50 15.40 9.7000 4.21189 -4.53253

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3.10 10.50 7.40 5.1500 1.65893 2.861143


Maharashtra

6.19.1 Production of Rice in Maharashtra



tonnes) in Maharashtra is 1712.80, 2652.10 and 939.30 respectively.


tonnes) in Maharashtra is 2227.8733 and 279.93079 respectively. And


Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is 1.845917 %.





tonnes) in Maharashtra is 2518.6722 and 328.53690 respectively. And


Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.282879 %.

Page | 254


(in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.19.1; Production of Rice in Maharashtra

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1712.80 2652.10 939.30 2227.8733 279.93079 1.845917

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1854.00 3042.00 1188.00 2518.6722 328.53690 3.282879

6.19.2 Production of Wheat in Maharashtra





thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 866.3533 and 190.08283 respectively.

And mean growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in

Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.804944 %.





thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 1285.2833 and 449.97596


tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.679186 %.

Page | 255


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.19.2; Production of Wheat in Maharashtra

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 536.40 1142.10 605.70 866.3533 190.08283 4.804944

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 671.00 2292.00 1621.00 1285.2833 449.97596 5.679186

6.19.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Maharashtra



thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 3881.20, 9054.30 and 5173.10


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 6299.7933 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is

6.647552 %.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 6132.9111 and


Page | 256

Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is -

0.47714 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been decreased by 747.9, which is undesirable;

mean has been decreased by 166.8822, which is undesirable; standard





economy.

Table-6.19.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Maharashtra

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3881.20 9054.30 5173.10 6299.7933 1434.67321 6.647552

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4359.00 8784.20 4425.20 6132.9111 961.30318 -0.47714

6.19.4 Production of Pulses in Maharashtra







tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is 9.590773 %.






Page | 257


tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is 7.452373 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO

range has been increased by 584.1 , which is desirable; mean has been






Table-6.19.4; Production of Pulses in Maharashtra

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 831.20 2205.30 1374.10 1355.4200 406.70569 9.590773

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1187.80 3146.00 1958.20 2100.5611 487.60368 7.452373

6.19.5 Production of Food Grains in Maharashtra





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 10749.4400 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.246036 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 12037.4278 and

Page | 258


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is

1.226254 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-



been decreased by 321.5369, which is desirable; and mean growth rate




Table-6.19.5; Production of Food Grains in Maharashtra

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7144.10 14044.80 6900.70 10749.4400 1981.38549 4.246036

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 9664.00 15191.70 5527.70 12037.4278 1659.84856 1.226254

6.19.6 Production of Oilseeds in Maharashtra





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 1448.0600 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is 8.815717

%.





Page | 259

Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 3167.2889 and


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is

8.125542 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.19.6; Production of Oilseeds in Maharashtra

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 839.80 2346.20 1506.40 1448.0600 429.76098 8.815717

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1682.40 5017.00 3334.60 3167.2889 1078.89910 8.125542

6.19.7 Production of Cotton in Maharashtra







thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is 14.252 %.





Page | 260



thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is 11.10296 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.19.7; Production of Cotton in Maharashtra

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 814.00 2625.40 1811.40 1634.7667 536.33080 14.252

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1753.10 8800.00 7046.90 4198.3500 2176.48705 11.10296

6.19.8 Production of Sugarcane in Maharashtra





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 29769.5667 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years

is 6.222365 %.




Page | 261


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 52991.2167 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years

is 7.281021 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.19.8; Production of Sugarcane in Maharashtra

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 23590.60 44260.30 20669.70 29769.5667 6108.43433 6.222365

1995-

96 to

2012-

13

18 20475.00 88437.00 67962.00 52991.2167 19034.95552 7.281021

6.19.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Maharashtra



(in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 46.40, 119.40 and 73.00


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 80.3533 and


Page | 262

& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Pre-WTO 15 years is -

5.28492 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 26.00, 46.00 and 20.00


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra is 35.2389 and


& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra for Post-WTO 18 years is

-1.46112 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been decreased by 53, which is undesirable; mean


has been decreased by 17.19669, which is desirable; and mean growth




Table-6.19.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Maharashtra

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Maharashtra

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 46.40 119.40 73.00 80.3533 23.94216 -5.28492

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 26.00 46.00 20.00 35.2389 6.74547 -1.46112


Manipur

6.20.1 Production of Rice in Manipur



Page | 263

tonnes) in Manipur is 219.50, 478.30 and 258.80 respectively. Further


in Manipur is 294.1733 and 64.46240 respectively. And mean growth rate

of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Pre-WTO 15

years is 5.94206%.



tonnes) in Manipur is 331.80, 435.90 and 104.10 respectively. Further


in Manipur is 378.1500 and 27.70003 respectively. And mean growth rate

of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Post-WTO 18

years is -5.50254%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been decreased by 154.7, which is desirable; mean has been increased by

83.9767, which is desirable; standard deviation has been decreased by

36.76237, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been decreased




Table-6.20.1; Production of Rice in Manipur

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 219.50 478.30 258.80 294.1733 64.46240 5.94206

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 331.80 435.90 104.10 378.1500 27.70003 -5.50254

6.20.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Manipur



thousand tonnes) in Manipur is 7.80, 17.80 and 10.00 respectively. Further

Page | 264


thousand tonnes) in Manipur is 12.0467 and 3.07057 respectively. And


in Manipur for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.7743%.







in Manipur for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.156301%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-




been increased by 6.9306, which is desirable for the economy. Further from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean and increase in mean growth


Table-6.20.2; Production of Coarse Cereals in Manipur

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7.80 17.80 10.00 12.0467 3.07057 -0.7743

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 7.10 23.40 16.30 10.4286 4.11067 6.156301

6.20.3 Production of Pulses in Manipur



tonnes) in Manipur is 1.10, 1.60 and .50 respectively. Further mean and


Page | 265

Manipur is 1.4333 and .28868 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Pre-WTO 15

years is -18.1818%.



tonnes) in Manipur is 2.60, 7.20 and 4.60 respectively. Further mean and


Manipur is 4.2000 and 1.64621 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Post-WTO 18

years is -0.23881%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has




by 17.943, which is desirable for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to



Table-6.20.3; Production of Pulses in Manipur

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.10 1.60 .50 1.4333 .28868 -18.1818

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.60 7.20 4.60 4.2000 1.64621 -0.23881

6.20.4 Production of Food Grains in Manipur



thousand tonnes) in Manipur is 230.10, 488.70 and 258.60 respectively.



Page | 266


Manipur for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.479724%.







Manipur for Post-WTO 18 years is -5.2978%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO



decreased by 34.67341, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has




Table-6.20.4; Production of Food Grains in Manipur

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 230.10 488.70 258.60 306.5067 63.56476 5.479724

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 338.90 447.80 108.90 391.1357 28.89135 -5.2978

6.20.5 Production of Oilseeds in Manipur





tonnes) in Manipur is 1.9000 and .56188 respectively. And mean growth

Page | 267

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 5.06881%.



thousand tonnes) in Manipur is .40, 1.50 and 1.10 respectively. Further


tonnes) in Manipur is .8857 and .36765 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Post-

WTO 18 years is -5.23134%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.20.5; Production of Oilseeds in Manipur

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.00 2.90 1.90 1.9000 .56188 5.06881

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .40 1.50 1.10 .8857 .36765 -5.23134

6.20.6 Production of Cotton in Manipur



tonnes) in Manipur is .10, 1.70 and 1.60 respectively. Further mean and


Manipur is .6800 and .74948 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 268

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Pre-WTO 15

years is 23.45938%.



tonnes) in Manipur is .10, .30 and .20 respectively. Further mean and


Manipur is .1750 and .09574 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur for Post-WTO 18

years is -38.8889%.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.20.6; Production of Cotton in Manipur

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 1.70 1.60 .6800 .74948 23.45938

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .10 .30 .20 .1750 .09574 -38.8889

6.20.7 Production of Sugarcane in Manipur






Page | 269


Manipur for Pre-WTO 15 years is 10.03735%.







Manipur for Post-WTO 18 years is -7.32752%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.20.7; Production of Sugarcane in Manipur

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Manipur

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 19.30 77.90 58.60 59.9467 15.32686 10.03735

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 15.40 42.30 26.90 23.8786 7.44345 -7.32752


Meghalaya

6.21.1 Production of Rice in Meghalaya



tonnes) in Meghalaya is 98.70, 132.60 and 33.90 respectively. Further


Page | 270

in Meghalaya is 119.0133 and 9.86313 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Pre-

WTO 15 years is -0.7891%.



tonnes) in Meghalaya is 111.80, 203.90 and 92.10 respectively. Further


in Meghalaya is 173.7643 and 28.42603 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Post-

WTO 18 years is -2.03464%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.21.1; Production of Rice in Meghalaya

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 98.70 132.60 33.90 119.0133 9.86313 -0.7891

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 111.80 203.90 92.10 173.7643 28.42603 -2.03464

6.21.2 Production of Wheat in Meghalaya



tonnes) in Meghalaya is 4.10, 6.70 and 2.60 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in

Meghalaya is 5.6867 and .81404 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 271

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Pre-WTO

15 years is 3.825012%.



tonnes) in Meghalaya is .70, 7.00 and 6.30 respectively. Further mean and


Meghalaya is 4.0143 and 2.65789 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Post-WTO

18 years is -15.486%.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.21.2; Production of Wheat in Meghalaya

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4.10 6.70 2.60 5.6867 .81404 3.825012

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .70 7.00 6.30 4.0143 2.65789 -15.486

6.21.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Meghalaya



thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 16.70, 26.70 and 10.00 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 23.7333 and 2.48845 respectively. And

Page | 272


in Meghalaya for Pre-WTO 15 years is 2.889786%.







in Meghalaya for Post-WTO 18 years is -5.9409%.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.21.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Meghalaya

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 16.70 26.70 10.00 23.7333 2.48845 2.889786

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 23.90 28.20 4.30 27.0143 1.09675 -5.9409

6.21.4 Production of Pulses in Meghalaya






Page | 273

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Pre-WTO

15 years is 4.19792%.






Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Post-WTO

18 years is -2.62504%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been increased by 0.8, which is desirable; mean has been increased by






Table-6.21.4; Production of Pulses in Meghalaya

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.50 2.80 1.30 2.2800 .35496 4.19792

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.50 4.60 2.10 3.3357 .58521 -2.62504

6.21.5 Production of Food Grains in Meghalaya






Page | 274


Meghalaya for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.28637%.





thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 208.1286 and 28.00430 respectively.


tonnes) in Meghalaya for Post-WTO 18 years is -2.93748%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.21.5; Production of Food Grains in Meghalaya

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 131.30 166.70 35.40 150.7133 9.29492 -0.28637

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 142.90 236.30 93.40 208.1286 28.00430 -2.93748

6.21.6 Production of Oilseeds in Meghalaya



thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 3.40, 5.90 and 2.50 respectively. Further


tonnes) in Meghalaya is 5.0333 and .79612 respectively. And mean

Page | 275

growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in

Meghalaya for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.352629%.





tonnes) in Meghalaya is 6.4071 and .32455 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in

Meghalaya for Post-WTO 18 years is -6.35192%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.21.6; Production of Oilseeds in Meghalaya

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.40 5.90 2.50 5.0333 .79612 3.352629

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 5.90 7.10 1.20 6.4071 .32455 -6.35192

6.21.7 Production of Cotton in Meghalaya






Page | 276

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Pre-WTO

15 years is 1.498087%.





Meghalaya is 6.7214 and 1.13624 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Post-WTO

18 years is -6.1125%.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.21.7; Production of Cotton in Meghalaya

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 15 4.20 5.40 1.20 4.9067 .48028

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 18 5.30 7.90 2.60 6.7214 1.13624

6.21.8 Production of Sugarcane in Meghalaya





tonnes) in Meghalaya is 4.6867 and 2.76893 respectively. And mean

Page | 277

growth rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in

Meghalaya for Pre-WTO 15 years is -8.67895%.



thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is .20, 2.50 and 2.30 respectively. Further


tonnes) in Meghalaya is .6786 and .89973 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for

Post-WTO 18 years is -11.5746%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.21.8; Production of Sugarcane in Meghalaya

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2.00 9.30 7.30 4.6867 2.76893 -8.67895

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .20 2.50 2.30 .6786 .89973 -11.5746

6.21.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Meghalaya



(in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 47.10, 72.50 and 25.40 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 61.5067 and 6.53293

Page | 278


(in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.53346%.



(in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 39.20, 57.20 and 18.00 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya is 52.7286 and 4.86691


(in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya for Post-WTO 18 years is -5.14643%.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.21.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Meghalaya

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 47.10 72.50 25.40 61.5067 6.53293 -0.53346

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 39.20 57.20 18.00 52.7286 4.86691 -5.14643


Mizoram

6.22.1 Production of Rice in Mizoram



tonnes) in Mizoram is 24.50, 100.20 and 75.70 respectively. Further mean

Page | 279


Mizoram is 55.7200 and 23.69401 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Pre-WTO 15

years is 12.66563 %.



tonnes) in Mizoram is 15.70, 114.60 and 98.90 respectively. Further mean



Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Post-WTO 18

years is -1.5516 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.22.1; Production of Rice in Mizoram

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Meghalaya

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 24.50 100.20 75.70 55.7200 23.69401 12.66563

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 15.70 114.60 98.90 89.1643 33.00743 -1.5516

6.22.2 Production of Coarse Cereals in Mizoram



thousand tonnes) in Mizoram is 3.90, 14.70 and 10.80 respectively.


Page | 280

thousand tonnes) in Mizoram is 8.6333 and 3.58482 respectively. And


in Mizoram for Pre-WTO 15 years is 11.26049 %.



thousand tonnes) in Mizoram is .70, 22.70 and 22.00 respectively. Further




in Mizoram for Post-WTO 18 years is 79.11917 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.22.2; Production of Coarse Cereals in Mizoram

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.90 14.70 10.80 8.6333 3.58482 11.26049

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .70 22.70 22.00 15.1143 5.52419 79.11917

6.22.3 Production of Pulses in Mizoram



tonnes) in Mizoram is .10, 9.90 and 9.80 respectively. Further mean and


Page | 281


Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Pre-WTO 15

years is 106.1995 %.



tonnes) in Mizoram is 2.70, 9.30 and 6.60 respectively. Further mean and



Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Post-WTO 18

years is -6.4889 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been decreased by 3.2, which is undesirable; mean has been increased by




Post-WTO increase in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a


Table-6.22.3; Production of Pulses in Mizoram

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 9.90 9.80 3.1000 3.84968 106.1995

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.70 9.30 6.60 5.6571 1.89887 -6.4889

6.22.4 Production of Food Grains in Mizoram





Page | 282



Mizoram for Pre-WTO 15 years is 11.88786 %.







Mizoram for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.28614 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.22.4; Production of Food Grains in Mizoram

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 30.70 124.80 94.10 67.4533 30.60623 11.88786

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 19.10 139.40 120.30 109.9357 37.21502 -0.28614

6.22.5 Production of Oilseeds in Mizoram





Page | 283

tonnes) in Mizoram is 3.1533 and 2.86528 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 24.86686 %.






rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Post-

WTO 18 years is 0.250466 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.22.5; Production of Oilseeds in Mizoram

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .60 7.60 7.00 3.1533 2.86528 24.86686

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .80 12.30 11.50 6.0214 3.00747 0.250466

6.22.6 Production of Cotton in Mizoram



tonnes) in Mizoram is 1.20, 3.80 and 2.60 respectively. Further mean and


Mizoram is 2.2533 and .63456 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 284

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Pre-WTO 15

years is 7.396725 %.



tonnes) in Mizoram is .10, 6.40 and 6.30 respectively. Further mean and



Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for Post-WTO 18

years is 169.7481 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.22.6; Production of Cotton in Mizoram

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.20 3.80 2.60 2.2533 .63456 7.396725

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .10 6.40 6.30 2.0571 1.81520 169.7481

6.22.7 Production of Sugarcane in Mizoram



thousand tonnes) in Mizoram is 1.80, 7.90 and 6.10 respectively. Further



Page | 285

rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for

Pre-WTO 15 years is 22.23929 %.






rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram for

Post-WTO 18 years is 119.1409 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.22.7; Production of Sugarcane in Mizoram

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Mizoram

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.80 7.90 6.10 4.9533 1.75657 22.23929

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .80 13.70 12.90 6.0714 3.26082 119.1409


Nagaland

6.23.1 Production of Rice in Nagaland



tonnes) in Nagaland is 83.90, 180.00 and 96.10 respectively. Further mean


Page | 286

Nagaland is 124.9533 and 35.90722 respectively. And mean growth rate

of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15

years is 5.731484 %.



tonnes) in Nagaland is 132.40, 345.10 and 212.70 respectively. Further


in Nagaland is 230.6929 and 55.56773 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Post-

WTO 18 years is -0.18978 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.23.1; Production of Rice in Nagaland

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 83.90 180.00 96.10 124.9533 35.90722 5.731484

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 132.40 345.10 212.70 230.6929 55.56773 -0.18978

6.23.2 Production of Wheat in Nagaland



tonnes) in Nagaland is .30, 1.60 and 1.30 respectively. Further mean and


Nagaland is .9600 and .52249 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 287

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15

years is 33.79006 %.





Nagaland is 7.9143 and 6.68222 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Post-WTO 18

years is 14.02303 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.23.2; Production of Wheat in Nagaland

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .30 1.60 1.30 .9600 .52249 33.79006

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1.30 20.00 18.70 7.9143 6.68222 14.02303

6.23.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Nagaland



thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is 7.20, 44.90 and 37.70 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is 21.1200 and 11.81689 respectively. And

Page | 288


in Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15 years is 13.33571 %.







in Nagaland for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.207175 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.23.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Nagaland

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7.20 44.90 37.70 21.1200 11.81689 13.33571

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 34.10 139.40 105.30 85.7429 38.24226 3.207175

6.23.4 Production of Pulses in Nagaland






Page | 289

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15

years is 26.99951 %.






Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Post-WTO 18

years is 4.295026 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.23.4; Production of Pulses in Nagaland

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.20 15.00 13.80 6.4333 4.11577 26.99951

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 11.80 45.00 33.20 26.2429 12.25892 4.295026

6.23.5 Production of Food Grains in Nagaland






Page | 290


Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15 years is 6.581755 %.





thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is 350.5929 and 100.77384 respectively.


tonnes) in Nagaland for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.28777 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.23.5; Production of Food Grains in Nagaland

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 93.30 228.70 135.40 152.8267 50.63393 6.581755

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 210.50 514.20 303.70 350.5929 100.77384 -0.28777

6.23.6 Production of Oilseeds in Nagaland






Page | 291









Nagaland for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.935461 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.23.6; Production of Oilseeds in Nagaland

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.10 19.70 18.60 8.6400 8.6400 28.77765

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 15.50 81.90 66.40 51.9643 21.22287 5.935461

6.23.7 Production of Cotton in Nagaland



tonnes) in Nagaland is .10, .30 and .20 respectively. Further mean and


Nagaland is .1667 and .10328 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 292

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15

years is 40 %.



tonnes) in Nagaland is .10, 5.00 and 4.90 respectively. Further mean and


Nagaland is 1.40120 and .9214 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Post-WTO

18 years is 82.48894 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.23.7; Production of Cotton in Nagaland

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 .30 .20 .1667 .10328 40

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .10 5.00 4.90 1.40120 .9214 82.48894

6.23.8 Production of Sugarcane in Nagaland






Page | 293









Nagaland for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.985602 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.23.8; Production of Sugarcane in Nagaland

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 81.00 200.00 119.00 128.4067 33.30672 2.272654

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 30.00 247.30 217.30 122.0000 74.29534 3.985602

6.23.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Nagaland



(in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is .50, 2.50 and 2.00 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is 1.0400 and .74046

Page | 294


(in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Pre-WTO 15 years is 18.15244 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is .20, 10.50 and 10.30 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland is 3.9000 and 3.25218


(in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland for Post-WTO 18 years is -12.3105 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.23.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Nagaland

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Nagaland

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .50 2.50 2.00 1.0400 .74046 18.15244

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .20 10.50 10.30 3.9000 3.25218 -12.3105

6.24 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Odisha

6.24.1 Production of Rice in Odisha



tonnes) in Odisha is 2991.50, 6659.70 and 3668.20 respectively. Further


in Odisha is 5056.1933 and 1136.00479 respectively. And mean growth

Page | 295

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Pre-WTO

15 years is 6.470701 %.





in Odisha is 6149.8167 and 1162.61083 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Post-WTO

18 years is 6.368767 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.24.1; Production of Rice in Odisha

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2991.50 6659.70 3668.20 5056.1933 1136.00479 6.470701

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3276.70 7639.50 4362.80 6149.8167 1162.61083 6.368767

6.24.2 Production of Wheat in Odisha



tonnes) in Odisha is 5.00, 150.10 and 145.10 respectively. Further mean


Odisha is 75.6200 and 45.49603 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 296

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Pre-WTO 15

years is -10.3426 %.



tonnes) in Odisha is 2.10, 12.90 and 10.80 respectively. Further mean and



Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Post-WTO 18

years is -0.02489 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.24.2; Production of Wheat in Odisha

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 5.00 150.10 145.10 75.6200 45.49603 -10.3426

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.10 12.90 10.80 6.4222 2.59650 -0.02489

6.24.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Odisha



thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 128.90, 691.00 and 562.10 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 445.5400 and 170.70836 respectively. And

Page | 297


in Odisha for Pre-WTO 15 years is -7.04326 %.







in Odisha for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.750224 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.24.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Odisha

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 128.90 691.00 562.10 445.5400 170.70836 -7.04326

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 96.80 364.00 267.20 267.20 65.77746 6.750224

6.24.4 Production of Pulses in Odisha





tonnes) in Odisha is 899.3533 and 258.39378 respectively. And mean

Page | 298

growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for

Pre-WTO 15 years is -1.43507 %.






Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Post-WTO 18

years is 2.810691 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has



by 181.1733, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased




Table-6.24.4; Production of Pulses in Odisha

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 362.40 1132.90 770.50 899.3533 258.39378 -1.43507

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 194.40 431.10 236.70 317.3556 77.22049 2.810691

6.24.5 Production of Food Grains in Odisha





thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 6476.7067 and 1048.48822 respectively.

Page | 299


tonnes) in Odisha for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.677957 %.





thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 1261.99728 and 6672.8722 respectively.


tonnes) in Odisha for Post-WTO 18 years is 6.033331 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.24.5; Production of Food Grains in Odisha

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4562.90 8273.00 3710.10 6476.7067 1048.48822 3.677957

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3573.70 8352.70 4779.00 1261.99728 6672.8722 6.033331

6.24.6 Production of Oilseeds in Odisha






Page | 300


Odisha for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.24101 %.







Odisha for Post-WTO 18 years is 0.205044 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.24.6; Production of Oilseeds in Odisha

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 240.80 940.90 700.10 660.5800 241.29658 -0.24101

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 93.70 243.20 149.50 169.0667 32.03538 0.205044

6.24.7 Production of Cotton in Odisha



tonnes) in Odisha is 1.90, 10.90 and 9.00 respectively. Further mean and



Page | 301

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Pre-WTO 15

years is 17.65211 %.






Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Post-WTO 18

years is 21.53887 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.24.7; Production of Cotton in Odisha

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.90 10.90 9.00 5.5200 2.95881 17.65211

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 21.80 400.00 378.20 123.1889 104.41986 21.53887

6.24.8 Production of Sugarcane in Odisha






Page | 302


Odisha for Pre-WTO 15 years is -1.00833 %.







Odisha for Post-WTO 18 years is 0.990247 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.24.8; Production of Sugarcane in Odisha

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 754.20 3700.00 2945.80 2722.3467 990.67960 -1.00833

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 472.70 1594.20 1121.50 1000.0889 292.84717 0.990247

6.24.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Odisha



(in thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 206.90, 724.00 and 517.10 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 527.4067 and 125.94197

Page | 303


(in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Pre-WTO 15 years is -3.14785 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 83.80 , 261.80 and 178.00 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha is 150.0556 and 51.69428


(in thousand tonnes) in Odisha for Post-WTO 18 years is -4.62998 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.24.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Odisha

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Odisha

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 206.90 724.00 517.10 527.4067 125.94197 -3.14785

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 83.80 261.80 178.00 150.0556 51.69428 -4.62998

6.25 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Punjab

6.25.1 Production of Rice in Punjab



tonnes) in Punjab is 3223.00, 7703.00 and 4480.00 respectively. Further


Page | 304

in Punjab is 5658.9933 and 1393.77955 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Pre-WTO

15 years is 6.961885 %.





in Punjab is 9523.0000 and 1396.00114 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Post-WTO

18 years is 3.204146 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.25.1; Production of Rice in Punjab

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3223.00 7703.00 4480.00 5658.9933 1393.77955 6.961885

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 6768.00 11374.00 4606.00 9523.0000 1396.00114 3.204146

6.25.2 Production of Wheat in Punjab





tonnes) in Punjab is 10900.9333 and 1765.35838 respectively. And mean

Page | 305

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for







growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for



Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.25.2; Production of Wheat in Punjab

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 7677.00 13542.00 5865.00 10900.9333 1765.35838 4.368404

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 12518.00 17206.70 4688.70 14939.4667 1196.35579 1.678518

6.25.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Punjab



thousand tonnes) in Punjab is 432.10, 858.90 and 426.80 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Punjab is 590.2200 and 137.03530 respectively. And

Page | 306


in Punjab for Pre-WTO 15 years is -2.54991 %.







in Punjab for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.890925 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.25.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Punjab

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 432.10 858.90 426.80 590.2200 137.03530 -2.54991

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 402.30 583.10 180.80 513.2444 52.01494 1.890925

6.25.4 Production of Pulses in Punjab



tonnes) in Punjab is 74.60, 203.70 and 129.10 respectively. Further mean


Punjab is 127.4400 and 43.12124 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 307

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Pre-WTO 15

years is -2.71394 %.



tonnes) in Punjab is 18.40, 84.00 and 65.60 respectively. Further mean and


Punjab is 42.2667 and 19.97693 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Post-WTO 18

years is 4.44287 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has



by 23.14431, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased




Table-6.25.4; Production of Pulses in Punjab

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 74.60 203.70 129.10 127.4400 43.12124 -2.71394

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 18.40 84.00 65.60 42.2667 19.97693 4.44287

6.25.5 Production of Food Grains in Punjab



thousand tonnes) in Punjab is 11902.70, 21816.80 and 9914.10


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab is 17277.5867 and 2950.71024

Page | 308


thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.522876 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab is 25017.9889 and 2436.46448


thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.161302 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.25.5; Production of Food Grains in Punjab

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 11902.70 21816.80 9914.10 17277.5867 2950.71024 4.522876

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 19806.20 28352.00 8545.80 25017.9889 2436.46448 2.161302

6.25.6 Production of Oilseeds in Punjab






Page | 309


Punjab for Pre-WTO 15 years is 8.794237 %.







Punjab for Post-WTO 18 years is -7.3958 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.25.6; Production of Oilseeds in Punjab

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 110.80 263.60 152.80 185.6200 51.13204 8.794237

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 67.50 306.10 238.60 120.0556 74.31610 -7.3958

6.25.7 Production of Cotton in Punjab






Page | 310

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for







growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab for



Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.25.7; Production of Cotton in Punjab

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 707.00 2454.00 1747.00 1667.4667 508.53682 6.640735

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 595.00 2878.00 2283.00 1768.4444 628.83115 4.065989

6.25.8 Production of Sugarcane in Punjab






Page | 311


Punjab for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.529094 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab is 6527.7778 and 2027.32091


thousand tonnes) in Punjab for Post-WTO 18 years is -1.18332 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.25.8; Production of Sugarcane in Punjab

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Punjab

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3920.00 6920.00 3000.00 5697.9333 802.86527 3.529094

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3720.00 11040.00 7320.00 6527.7778 2027.32091 -1.18332


Rajasthan

6.26.1 Production of Rice in Rajasthan



tonnes) in Rajasthan is 47.30, 217.50 and 170.20 respectively. Further

Page | 312


in Rajasthan is 146.1333 and 44.47800 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 21.75289 %.



tonnes) in Rajasthan is .35270, 265.60 and 197.70 respectively. Further


in Rajasthan is 53.94502 and 191.7944 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Post-

WTO 18 years is 11.17229 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been increased by 27.5, which is desirable; mean has been decreased

by 92.18828, which is undesirable; standard deviation has been increased

by 147.3164, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been




Table-6.26.1; Production of Rice in Rajasthan

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 47.30 217.50 170.20 146.1333 44.47800 21.75289

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .35270 265.60 197.70 53.94502 191.7944 11.17229

6.26.2 Production of Wheat in Rajasthan





Page | 313

tonnes) in Rajasthan is 3716.7867 and 880.37835 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan







growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan



Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.26.2; Production of Wheat in Rajasthan

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2393.90 5612.70 3218.80 3716.7867 880.37835 9.352801

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4878.00 9319.70 4441.70 6673.9833 1126.92904 3.925024

6.26.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Rajasthan



thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 1351.00, 4884.40 and 3533.40


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 3297.0067 and

Page | 314


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Pre-WTO 15 years is

20.77769 %.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 5214.6278 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Post-WTO 18 years is

27.31466 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.26.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Rajasthan

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1351.00 4884.40 3533.40 3297.0067 1124.22957 20.77769

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2105.60 9674.80 7569.20 5214.6278 2109.15335 27.31466

6.26.4 Production of Pulses in Rajasthan





Page | 315


growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan







growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan



(in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been increased by 1241, which is desirable; mean has been increased






Table-6.26.4; Production of Pulses in Rajasthan

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1965.50 474.40 1491.10 1362.0067 399.02656 20.3961

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 484.50 3216.40 2731.90 1650.5000 737.18630 32.68069

6.26.5 Production of Food Grains in Rajasthan





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 8521.9333 and 2032.52151

Page | 316


thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Pre-WTO 15 years is 11.26128 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 13730.9000 and 3403.92301


thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Post-WTO 18 years is 10.4066 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.26.5; Production of Food Grains in Rajasthan

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4781.80 11710.40 6928.60 8521.9333 2032.52151 11.26128

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 7536.00 18963.30 11427.30 13730.9000 3403.92301 10.4066

6.26.6 Production of Oilseeds in Rajasthan





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 1564.4200 and 846.10169

Page | 317


thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan for Pre-WTO 15 years is 18.29488 %.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 4254.2056 and 1370.51994




Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.26.6; Production of Oilseeds in Rajasthan

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 384.70 2834.10 2449.40 1564.4200 846.10169 18.29488

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1754.60 6200.00 4445.40 4254.2056 1370.51994 10.18809

6.26.7 Production of Cotton in Rajasthan






Page | 318

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan







growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan



Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO



increased by 603.22, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been




Table-6.26.7; Production of Cotton in Rajasthan

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 218.00 1016.20 798.20 657.3200 245.23005 17.03613

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 252.40 1363.30 1110.90 848.4500 848.4500 16.18629

6.26.8 Production of Sugarcane in Rajasthan



thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 686.30, 1485.40 and 799.10 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 1149.0667 and 252.94183 respectively.

Page | 319

And mean growth rate of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes)

in Rajasthan for Pre-WTO 15 years is 1.568218 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is 619.3333 and 372.18670




Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.26.8; Production of Sugarcane in Rajasthan

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 686.30 1485.40 799.10 1149.0667 252.94183 1.568218

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 135.40 1410.80 1275.40 619.3333 372.18670 2.033157

6.26.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Rajasthan



(in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is .10, 1.30 and 1.20 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is .4857 and .35270 respectively.

Page | 320

And mean growth rate of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand

tonnes) in Rajasthan for Pre-WTO 15 years is 77.74725 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is .00, .20 and .20 respectively. Further

mean and standard deviation of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in

thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan is .0667 and .11547 respectively. And


tonnes) in Rajasthan for Post-WTO 18 years is %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan from Pre-WTO to Post-

WTO range has been decreased by 1, which is undesirable; mean has been



increased / decreased by 1881.60, which is desirable / undesirable for the


increase / decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable /


Table-6.26.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Rajasthan

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Rajasthan

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 1.30 1.20 .4857 .35270 77.74725

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 .20 .20 .0667 .11547

6.27 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Sikkim

6.27.1 Production of Rice in Sikkim



tonnes) in Sikkim is 11.60, 25.30 and 13.70 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Page | 321

is 18.3500 and 4.14279 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production

of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.736638 %.




standard deviation of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

is 21.8643 and .64284 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production

of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Post-WTO 18 years is -

7.11898 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.27.1; Production of Rice in Sikkim

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 11.60 25.30 13.70 18.3500 4.14279 4.736638

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 21.20 23.40 2.20 21.8643 .64284 -7.11898

6.27.2 Production of Wheat in Sikkim





Sikkim is 15.5571 and 2.59429 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 322

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Pre-WTO 15

years is 1.810138 %.






Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Post-WTO 18

years is -5.06853 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.27.2; Production of Wheat in Sikkim

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 11.80 20.30 8.50 15.5571 2.59429 1.810138

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4.50 15.30 10.80 9.9143 3.19467 -5.06853

6.27.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Sikkim



thousand tonnes) in Sikkim is 34.50, 69.00 and 34.50 respectively. Further


thousand tonnes) in Sikkim is 55.1000 and 10.91449 respectively. And

Page | 323


in Sikkim for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.717906 %.







in Sikkim for Post-WTO 18 years is -6.55769 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.27.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Sikkim

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 34.50 69.00 34.50 55.1000 10.91449 4.717906

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 56.70 72.60 15.90 63.5714 3.82953 -6.55769

6.27.4 Production of Pulses in Sikkim






Page | 324

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Pre-WTO 15

years is 25.82961 %.






Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Post-WTO 18

years is -0.06651 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has

been decreased by 8.2, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased by




to Post-WTO decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a


Table-6.27.4; Production of Pulses in Sikkim

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.90 18.70 14.80 9.3643 4.71701 25.82961

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 5.20 11.80 6.60 6.8500 2.09863 -0.06651

6.27.5 Production of Food Grains in Sikkim



thousand tonnes) in Sikkim is 63.40, 130.30 and 66.90 respectively.



Page | 325


Sikkim for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.522044 %.



thousand tonnes) in Sikkim is 90.70, 111.60 and 20.90 respectively.




Sikkim for Post-WTO 18 years is -6.85957 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.27.5; Production of Food Grains in Sikkim

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 63.40 130.30 66.90 98.3714 19.96838 4.522044

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 90.70 111.60 20.90 102.2000 5.10279 -6.85957

6.27.6 Production of Oilseeds in Sikkim





tonnes) in Sikkim is 9.4357 and 3.46113 respectively. And mean growth

Page | 326

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 6.333278 %.





tonnes) in Sikkim is 7.1929 and .65453 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim for Post-

WTO 18 years is -6.12063 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.27.6; Production of Oilseeds in Sikkim

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Sikkim

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4.30 15.10 10.80 9.4357 3.46113 6.333278

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 5.10 7.60 2.50 7.1929 .65453

-6.12063

6.28 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Tamil

Nadu

6.28.1 Production of Rice in Tamil Nadu



tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 3504.00, 7562.80 and 4058.80 respectively.


Page | 327

tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 5637.0333 and 1061.85879 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil

Nadu for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.816082 %.



tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is .69741, .69741 and 1881.60 respectively. Further


in Tamil Nadu is 5826.5611 and 1336.37308 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu



(in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.28.1; Production of Rice in Tamil Nadu

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3504.00 7562.80 4058.80 5637.0333 1061.85879 5.816082

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .69741 8141.40 4918.60 5826.5611 1336.37308 1.802679

6.28.2 Production of Wheat in Tamil Nadu



tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is .10, .50 and .40 respectively. Further mean and


Tamil Nadu is .2400 and .13522 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 328

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Pre-WTO

15 years is -2.61905 %.



tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is .10, .10 and .00 respectively. Further mean and


Tamil Nadu is .1000 and .00000 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO

18 years is 3.171556 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO




increased / decreased by 1881.60, which is desirable / undesirable for the

economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase / decrease in

mean and increase / decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable

/ undesirable condition for the economy.

Table-6.28.2; Production of Wheat in Tamil Nadu

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 .50 .40 .2400 .13522 -2.61905

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .10 .10 .00 .1000 .00000

6.28.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Tamil Nadu



thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 1118.60, 1662.20 and 543.60


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 1361.6667 and

Page | 329


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Pre-WTO 15 years is

1.415745 %.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 1222.7778 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO 18 years is

6.608547 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.28.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Tamil Nadu

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1118.60 1662.20 543.60 1361.6667 165.04634 1.415745

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 682.80 2347.30 1664.50 1222.7778 479.94195 6.608547

6.28.4 Production of Pulses in Tamil Nadu



tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 146.70, 411.80 and 265.10 respectively. Further


Page | 330

tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 292.1867 and 77.76876 respectively. And mean

growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu




tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 479.94195, 399.50 and 235.00 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 259.4167 and 66.37206 respectively.

And mean growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in

Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.052535 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been decreased by 30.1, which is undesirable; mean has been






Table-6.28.4; Production of Pulses in Tamil Nadu

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 146.70 411.80 265.10 292.1867 77.76876 7.868617

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 479.94195 399.50 235.00 259.4167 66.37206 5.052535

6.28.5 Production of Food Grains in Tamil Nadu





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 7291.1267 and 1115.55244

Page | 331


thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.932601%.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 7643.9833 and 679.26260


thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.274421%.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.28.5; Production of Food Grains in Tamil Nadu

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4832.80 9088.00 4255.20 7291.1267 1115.55244 4.932601

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4406.60 9640.60 5234.00 7308.7667 1524.20459 2.274421

6.28.6 Production of Oilseeds in Tamil Nadu





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 1325.2933 and 361.87464

Page | 332


thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Pre-WTO 15 years is 9.411185%.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 1206.0500 and 265.76999


thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO 18 years is -1.73824%.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.28.6; Production of Oilseeds in Tamil Nadu

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 718.50 1968.30 1249.80 1325.2933 361.87464 9.411185

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 760.00 1644.00 884.00 1206.0500 265.76999 -1.73824

6.28.7 Production of Cotton in Tamil Nadu






Page | 333

growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu







growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu



Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-


been decreased by 85.5566, which is desirable; standard deviation has





Table-6.28.7; Production of Cotton in Tamil Nadu

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 248.10 511.70 263.60 379.3733 96.59138 6.965076

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 83.50 500.00 416.50 293.8167 123.00154 10.93795

6.28.8 Production of Sugarcane in Tamil Nadu





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 21887.1267 and


Page | 334

Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Pre-WTO 15 years is

6.188928%.



thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 17656.00, 41124.00 and

23468.00respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production

of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 32080.4611 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO 18 years

is 2.225259%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to Post-




has been decreased by 3.96367, which is desirable / undesirable for the



economy.

Table-6.28.8; Production of Sugarcane in Tamil Nadu

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 13258.00 36456.10 23198.10 21887.1267 5372.97429 6.188928

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 17656.00 41124.00 23468.00 32080.4611 5907.81347 2.225259

6.28.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Tamil Nadu



(in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is .20, 2.10 and 1.90 respectively.


Page | 335

Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 1.1067 and .69741


(in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Pre-WTO 15 years is

22.27212%.



(in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is .00, 11.60 and 11.60 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu is 2.4643 and 2.89737


(in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu for Post-WTO 18 years is

107.3898%.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been increased by 9.7, which is desirable; mean has






Table-6.28.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Tamil Nadu

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tamil Nadu

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .20 2.10 1.90 1.1067 .69741 22.27212

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 11.60 11.60 2.4643 2.89737 107.3898

6.29 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Tripura

6.29.1 Production of Rice in Tripura



Page | 336

tonnes) in Tripura is 350.00, 501.30 and 151.30 respectively. Further mean


Tripura is 422.1867 and 47.93904 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Pre-WTO 15

years is 0.918836%.



tonnes) in Tripura is 465.50, 627.10 and 161.60 respectively. Further mean



Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Post-WTO 18

years is -4.67972%.


(in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.29.1; Production of Rice in Tripura

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 350.00 501.30 151.30 422.1867 47.93904 0.918836

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 465.50 627.10 161.60 552.3714 52.45976 -4.67972

6.29.2 Production of Wheat in Tripura



tonnes) in Tripura is 3.30, 10.30 and 7.00 respectively. Further mean and

Page | 337



Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Pre-WTO 15

years is -0.39224 %.






Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Post-WTO 18

years is -5.74898 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.29.2; Production of Wheat in Tripura

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.30 10.30 7.00 6.1733 1.98871 -0.39224

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1.20 5.20 4.00 2.9462 1.29783 -5.74898

6.29.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Tripura



thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 1.40, 1.80 and .40 respectively. Further


Page | 338

thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 1.6200 and .14832 respectively. And mean


Tripura for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.886555 %.



thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 1.00, 3.00 and 2.00 respectively. Further


thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 1.9929 and .45313 respectively. And mean


Tripura for Post-WTO 18 years is -3.51387 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.29.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Tripura

for Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.40 1.80 .40 1.6200 .14832 3.886555

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.9929 .45313 -3.51387

6.29.4 Production of Pulses in Tripura






Page | 339

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Pre-WTO 15

years is 8.190502 %.





Tripura is 5.1214 and .56457 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Post-WTO 18

years is -6.58615 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has







Table-6.29.4; Production of Pulses in Tripura

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.90 6.50 4.60 4.1400 1.86387 8.190502

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 4.10 5.90 1.80 5.1214 .56457 -6.58615

6.29.5 Production of Food Grains in Tripura



thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 360.00, 516.00 and 156.00 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 433.0600 and 50.46533 respectively. And

Page | 340











Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.29.5; Production of Food Grains in Tripura

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 360.00 516.00 156.00 433.0600 50.46533 0.890766

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 477.10 634.70 157.60 562.3571 51.95265 -4.78594

6.29.6 Production of Oilseeds in Tripura





tonnes) in Tripura is 6.8667 and 3.14930 respectively. And mean growth

Page | 341

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Pre-

WTO 15 years is 7.009886 %.





tonnes) in Tripura is 4.7000 and 1.99538 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Post-

WTO 18 years is -14.8072 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.29.6; Production of Oilseeds in Tripura

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.50 11.10 7.60 6.8667 3.14930 7.009886

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.50 8.50 6.00 4.7000 1.99538 -14.8072

6.29.7 Production of Cotton in Tripura



tonnes) in Tripura is .80, 2.40 and 1.60 respectively. Further mean and



Page | 342

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Pre-WTO 15

years is 6.156955 %.



tonnes) in Tripura is .90, 1.90 and 1.00 respectively. Further mean and



Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Post-WTO 18

years is -6.8694 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.29.7; Production of Cotton in Tripura

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .80 2.40 1.60 1.4400 .40848 6.156955

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .90 1.90 1.00 1.4643 .27903 -6.8694

6.29.8 Production of Sugarcane in Tripura






Page | 343











Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.29.8; Production of Sugarcane in Tripura

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 64.90 91.00 26.10 74.9000 7.48351 1.340949

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 42.40 75.00 32.60 53.3500 7.40642 -9.04133

6.29.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Tripura



(in thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 38.80, 102.10 and 63.30 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 71.7733 and 22.07696

Page | 344


(in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Pre-WTO 15 years is -2.52398%.



(in thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 8.70, 37.00 and 28.30 respectively.


Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura is 22.7286 and 8.53539


(in thousand tonnes) in Tripura for Post-WTO 18 years is -13.376 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura from Pre-WTO to Post-




has been decreased by 10.852, which is desirable for the economy. Further



Table-6.29.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Tripura

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Tripura

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 38.80 102.10 63.30 71.7733 22.07696 -2.52398

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 8.70 37.00 28.30 22.7286 8.53539 -13.376

6.30 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Uttar

Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

6.30.1 Production of Rice in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)



tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 5569.70, 10365.00 and


Page | 345

of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is


Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.377788 %.





of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is


Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.397752 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) from Pre-



standard deviation has been decreased by 362.0447, which is desirable;





Table-6.30.1; Production of Rice in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 5569.70 10365.00 4795.30 8137.6867 1788.83550 5.377788

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 10077.90 14994.00 4916.10 12305.9833 1426.79078 3.397752

6. 30.2 Production of Wheat in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)



Page | 346



of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is


Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and






of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is


Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and



Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by 459.8, which is







Table-6.30.2; Production of Wheat in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 12749.00 22560.20 9811.20 17474.2800 2777.27860 4.086466

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 21815.60 31167.00 9351.40 26274.8389 2933.30212 2.29992

Page | 347

6.30.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)



thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 3038.90,


Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh

(and Uttarakhand) is 3725.0467 and 416.39469 respectively. And mean


Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 1.874571 %.





Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh



Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 0.740932 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand) from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by

77.8, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased by 67.7523, which is

undesirable; standard deviation has been decreased by 67.39216, which is

desirable; and mean growth rate has been decreased by 1.13364, which is


decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly


Table-6.30.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81 15 3038.90 4392.10 1353.20 3725.0467 416.39469 1.874571

Page | 348

to 1994-

95

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3029.30 4304.70 1275.40 3657.2944 349.00253 0.740932

6.30.4 Production of Pulses in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)





of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is


Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and






of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is


Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and



(in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) from Pre-


desirable; mean has been decreased by 286.8156, which is undesirable;



for the economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO decrease in mean

and increase in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for

the economy.

Table-6.30.4; Production of Pulses in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Page | 349

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 2262.90 2811.60 548.70 2546.1600 147.13205 0.237967

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1626.90 2625.40 998.50 2259.3444 245.83445 1.521053

6.30.5 Production of Food Grains in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)





of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh


growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar

Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.513693 %.





of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh


growth rate of Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar

Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.21004 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) from






Page | 350



Table-6.30.5; Production of Food Grains in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 24288.90 39207.70 14918.80 31883.1733 4658.22727 3.513693

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 38367.50 52641.80 14274.30 44497.4556 4143.05089 2.21004

6.30.6 Production of Oilseeds in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)



thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 858.80, 1713.00

and 854.20 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand) is 1253.9933 and 242.24986 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh

(and Uttarakhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is -0.30852 %.



thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 904.40, 1538.80


Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand) is 1111.6722 and 167.16260 respectively. And mean growth

rate of Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh

(and Uttarakhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is -0.66589 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) from


undesirable; mean has been decreased by 142.3211, which is undesirable;

Page | 351




decrease in mean and decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly


Table-6.30.6; Production of Oilseeds in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 858.80 1713.00 854.20 1253.9933 242.24986 -0.30852

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 904.40 1538.80 634.40 1111.6722 167.16260 -0.66589

6.30.7 Production of Cotton in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)



tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 11.60, 30.60 and 19.00


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is

19.9000 and 19.9000 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of

Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for

Pre-WTO 15 years is -5.28338 %.



tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is .00, 50.00 and 50.00


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is

7.2556 and 11.29743 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of

Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for


Page | 352


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 31, which is

desirable; mean has been decreased by 12.6444, which is undesirable;




and increase in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable / undesirable


Table-6.30.7; Production of Cotton in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81 to

1994-95 15 11.60 30.60 19.00 19.9000 19.9000 -5.28338

1995-96 to

2012-13 18 .00 50.00 50.00 7.2556 11.29743 308.0597

6.30.8 Production of Sugarcane in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)




111098.20 and 46893.30 respectively. Further mean and standard

deviation of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar

Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 89323.0467 and 15133.28437 respectively.


in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.255443

%.




141569.30 and 28152.60 respectively. Further mean and standard

deviation of Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar

Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is 125357.3889 and 8751.05831 respectively.

Page | 353


in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.207038

%.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by 18741, which

is undesirable; mean has been increased by 36034.34, which is desirable;






Table-6.30.8; Production of Sugarcane in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period

No.

of

Years


Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 64204.90 111098.20 46893.30 89323.0467 15133.28437 4.255443

1995-

96 to

2012-

13

18 113416.70 141569.30 28152.60 125357.3889 8751.05831 1.207038

6.30.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)



(in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is .50, 89.60


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh


growth rate of Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in

Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) for Pre-WTO 15 years is -22.2713 %.

Page | 354



(in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand) is .00, 2.40 and

2.40 respectively. Further mean and standard deviation of Production of

Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand) is .2611 and .61848 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh

(and Uttarakhand) for Post-WTO 18 years is 33.33333 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range has been decreased by 86.7, which is

undesirable; mean has been decreased by 39.5456, which is undesirable;




and increase in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition for

the economy.

Table-6.30.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Uttar Pradesh (and

Uttarakhand)

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Uttar Pradesh (and Uttarakhand)

Period

No.

of

Years


Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81 to

1994-95 15 .50 89.60 89.10 39.8067 33.16064 -22.2713

1995-96 to

2012-13 18 .00 2.40 2.40 .2611 .61848 33.33333

6.31 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in West

Bengal

6.31.1 Production of Rice in West Bengal



tonnes) in West Bengal is 4949.10, 12235.90 and 7286.80 respectively.


Page | 355

tonnes) in West Bengal is 9311.4933 and 2294.72064 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in West

Bengal for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.968223 %.



tonnes) in West Bengal is 11887.00, 15256.70 and 3369.70 respectively.


tonnes) in West Bengal is 14012.5167 and 1086.34388 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in West

Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.742425 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been decreased by 3917, which is undesirable; mean has been


decreased by 1208.377, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has




Table-6.31.1; Production of Rice in West Bengal

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4949.10 12235.90 7286.80 9311.4933 2294.72064 4.968223

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 11887.00 15256.70 3369.70 14012.5167 1086.34388 1.742425

6.31.2 Production of Wheat in West Bengal



tonnes) in West Bengal is 389.30, 854.20 and 464.90 respectively. Further


tonnes) in West Bengal is 631.6800 and 124.48552 respectively. And mean

Page | 356

growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in West

Bengal for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.922325 %.






growth rate of Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in West

Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.992121 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.31.2; Production of Wheat in West Bengal

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 389.30 854.20 464.90 631.6800 124.48552 4.922325

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 725.30 1058.60 333.30 862.6444 84.93154 1.992121

6.31.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in West Bengal



thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 100.00, 265.60 and 165.60


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 143.2733 and


Page | 357

Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Pre-WTO 15 years is

8.360657 %.



thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 77.90, 434.60 and 356.70 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 214.4611 and 121.31046 respectively.


tonnes) in West Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years is 11.88592 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to




has been increased by 3.52526, which is desirable / undesirable for the



economy.

Table-6.31.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in West Bengal

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 100.00 265.60 165.60 143.2733 42.94916 8.360657

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 77.90 434.60 356.70 214.4611 121.31046 11.88592

6.31.4 Production of Pulses in West Bengal






Page | 358

growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

for Pre-WTO 15 years is -2.78146 %.






growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal



(in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range

has been decreased by 9, which is undesirable; mean has been decreased


by 0.287, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been increased by




Table-6.31.4; Production of Pulses in West Bengal

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 134.60 264.10 129.50 208.0333 33.52127 -2.78146

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 126.10 246.60 120.50 175.0167 33.23427 6.200217

6.31.5 Production of Food Grains in West Bengal





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 10294.4800 and


Page | 359

Grains (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.607701 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 15264.6389 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years is

1.776253 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.31.5; Production of Food Grains in West Bengal

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 5852.20 13278.60 7426.40 10294.4800 2308.18870 4.607701

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 12884.80 16511.20 3626.40 15264.6389 1150.62752 1.776253

6.31.6 Production of Oilseeds in West Bengal





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 326.5867 and 124.77831

Page | 360


thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Pre-WTO 15 years is 9.825656 %.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 578.4778 and 145.37283


thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years is 5.877887 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.31.6; Production of Oilseeds in West Bengal

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 148.90 506.20 357.30 326.5867 124.77831 9.825656

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 372.10 825.60 453.50 578.4778 145.37283 5.877887

6.31.7 Production of Cotton in West Bengal



tonnes) in West Bengal is .10, .60 and .50 respectively. Further mean and

standard deviation of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in West

Bengal is .2357 and .16919 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Page | 361

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Pre-WTO

15 years is 20.51282 %.



tonnes) in West Bengal is .00, 30.00 and 30.00 respectively. Further mean


West Bengal is 5.4813 and 7.88570 respectively. And mean growth rate of

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Post-

WTO 18 years is 165.8262 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-






growth rate is a strongly desirable / undesirable condition for the

economy.

Table-6.31.7; Production of Cotton in West Bengal

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 .10 .60 .50 .2357 .16919 20.51282

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 30.00 30.00 5.4813 7.88570 165.8262

6.31.8 Production of Sugarcane in West Bengal





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 935.5400 and

Page | 362


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Pre-WTO 15 years is

2.18483 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 1484.0722 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years

is 4.00056 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.31.8; Production of Sugarcane in West Bengal

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 542.40 1599.60 1057.20 935.5400 282.77260 2.18483

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 1033.20 2001.90 968.70 1484.0722 308.22351 4.00056

6.31.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in West Bengal



(in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 3680.80, 7624.70 and 3943.90


Page | 363

Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 5120.6733 and

1040.72246 respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of Raw

Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Pre-WTO 15

years is 4.414479 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 5742.70, 8927.50 and 3184.80


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal is 8023.4889 and


& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal for Post-WTO 18 years is

2.61841 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal from Pre-WTO to



has been decreased by 307.4769, which is desirable; and mean growth




Table-6.31.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in West Bengal

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in West Bengal

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3680.80 7624.70 3943.90 5120.6733 1040.72246 4.414479

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 5742.70 8927.50 3184.80 8023.4889 733.24555 2.61841

6.32 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in All

States

6.32.1 Production of Rice in All States

Page | 364



tonnes) in All States is 47006.00, 81682.90 and 34676.90 respectively.


tonnes) in All States is 65328.2667 and 10692.19019 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in All

States for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.583768 %.





tonnes) in All States is 87413.6688 and 7247.73866 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in All

States for Post-WTO 18 years is 4.53542 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.32.1; Production of Rice in All States

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 47006.00 81682.90 34676.90 65328.2667 10692.19019 3.583768

1995-

96 to

2012-

13

18 71684.90 99050.90 27366.00 87413.6688 7247.73866 -4.53542

Page | 365

6.32.2 Production of Wheat in All States





thousand tonnes) in All States is 49309.3933 and 8356.30171 respectively.


All States for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.578782 %.







All States for Post-WTO 18 years is -3.99771 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.32.2; Production of Wheat in All States

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 36192.30 65663.00 29470.70 49309.3933 8356.30171 4.578782

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 61994.80 85819.00 23824.20 72786.8875 6400.87657 -3.99771

6.32.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in All States

Page | 366



thousand tonnes) in All States is 25975.60, 36573.40 and 10597.80


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 30280.7600 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Pre-WTO 15 years is

1.474655 %.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 4388.38192 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Post-WTO 18 years is -

2.67687 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.32.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in All States

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 25975.60 36573.40 10597.80 30280.7600 3299.27492 1.474655

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 26054.70 41929.10 15874.40 4388.38192 33757.8188 -2.67687

Page | 367

6.32.4 Production of Pulses in All States














All States for Post-WTO 18 years is -2.85421 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.32.4; Production of Pulses in All States

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 10618.70 14256.30 3637.60 12534.1333 1111.85313 2.567368

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 11064.90 17988.50 6923.60 13806.1750 1655.90853 -2.85421

6.32.5 Production of Food Grains in All States

Page | 368





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 157445.5800 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Pre-WTO 15 years is

3.096689 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 207786.0937 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Post-WTO 18 years is

4.05522 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.32.5; Production of Food Grains in All States

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period

No.

of

Years


Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 129247.20 191235.50 61988.30 157445.5800 20752.76006 3.096689

1995-

96 to 18 174535.70 239146.60 64610.90 207786.0937 17945.58295 -4.05522

Page | 369

2012-

13

6.32.6 Production of Oilseeds in All States





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 15124.6267 and 4297.82568


thousand tonnes) in All States for Pre-WTO 15 years is 7.228647 %.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 23917.1000 and 4184.0765


thousand tonnes) in All States for Post-WTO 18 years is -2.00908 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.32.6; Production of Oilseeds in All States

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 9367.30 21490.30 12123.00 15124.6267 4297.82568 7.228647

1995-96

to 2012-18 14832.50 30951.10 16118.60 23917.1000 4184.07657 -2.00908

Page | 370

13

6.32.7 Production of Cotton in All States






And mean growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in







And mean growth rate of Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in

All States for Post-WTO 18 years is 1.932545 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.32.7; Production of Cotton in All States

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6380.30 11886.10 5505.80 8869.9533 1885.93435 5.348484

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 8622.10 33400.00 24777.90 16610.4375 7044.97406 1.932545

Page | 371

6.32.8 Production of Sugarcane in All States





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 205425.0067 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.583103 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 291087.2375 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Post-WTO 18 years is -

4.38653 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.32.8; Production of Sugarcane in All States

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Perio

d

No.

of

Year

s

Minimu

m

Maximu

m Range Mean

Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 154099.3

0 275271.30

121172.0

0

205425.006

7

34994.7493

0

4.58310

3

Page | 372

1995-

96 to

2012-

13

18 233711.2

0 355358.80

121647.6

0

291087.237

5

33535.2123

1 -4.38653

6.32.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in All States



(in thousand tonnes) in All States is 6777.90, 12646.50 and 5868.60


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 8601.1933 and


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Pre-WTO 15 years is

2.821642 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in All States is 8807.10, 8807.10 and 2871.20


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in All States is 10720.4375 and


& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in All States for Post-WTO 18 years is -

4.78572 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in All States from Pre-WTO to Post-






mean growth rate is a strongly desirable / undesirable condition for the

economy.

Table-6.32.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in All States

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in All States

Period No. of Minimum Maximum Range Mean Standard Mean

Page | 373

Years Deviation Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6777.90 12646.50 5868.60 8601.1933 1402.77766 2.821642

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 8807.10 8807.10 2871.20 10720.4375 695.67235 -4.78572

6.33 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Union

Territories

6.33.1 Production of Rice in Union Territories



tonnes) in Union Territories is 95.80, 132.40 and 36.60 respectively.


tonnes) in Union Territories is 117.3333 and 10.42495 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Union

Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years is 0.955505 %.






mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Union

Territories for Post-WTO 18 years is 85.87426 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.33.1; Production of Rice in Union Territories

Page | 374

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 95.80 132.40 36.60 117.3333 10.42495 0.955505

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 104.00 2215.20 2111.20 365.0125 644.73883 85.87426

6.33.2 Production of Wheat in Union Territories





thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 107.2067 and 21.41330


tonnes) in Union Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years is 10.00734 %.





thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 73.8063 and 28.94520


tonnes) in Union Territories for Post-WTO 18 years is 12.73158 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.33.2; Production of Wheat in Union Territories

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Page | 375

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 34.00 130.10 96.10 107.2067 21.41330 10.00734

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 23.90 108.80 84.90 73.8063 28.94520 12.73158

6.33.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Union Territories



thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 12.40, 34.30 and 21.90


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 21.4067 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years

is -3.32423 %.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 46.4750 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Post-WTO 18

years is 104.0788 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-

WTO to Post-WTO range has been increased by 265, which is desirable;






economy.

Page | 376

Table-6.33.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Union Territories

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 12.40 34.30 21.90 21.4067 6.92475 -3.32423

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 3.20 290.10 286.90 46.4750 93.21216 104.0788

6.33.4 Production of Pulses in Union Territories



tonnes) in Union Territories is 4.50, 12.30 and 7.80 respectively. Further



mean growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Union

Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.663882 %.






mean growth rate of Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Union

Territories for Post-WTO 18 years is 74.39625 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO







Table-6.33.4; Production of Pulses in Union Territories

Page | 377

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 4.50 12.30 7.80 8.0333 1.95107 5.663882

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 7.50 107.30 99.80 21.1500 33.19647 74.39625

6.33.5 Production of Food Grains in Union Territories





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 253.6067 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years

is 0.012307 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 487.8625 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Post-WTO 18 years

is 58.90712 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to







Page | 378

Table-6.33.5; Production of Food Grains in Union Territories

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 187.00 286.80 99.80 253.6067 23.54420 0.012307

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 149.60 2419.10 2269.50 487.8625 726.99123 58.90712

6.33.6 Production of Oilseeds in Union Territories



thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 3.40, 7.90 and 4.50 respectively.


thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 5.1333 and 1.03625 respectively.


Union Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.163551 %.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 20.7375 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Post-WTO 18 years is

339.8328 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been increased by 143, which is desirable; mean has






Page | 379

Table-6.33.6; Production of Oilseeds in Union Territories

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 3.40 7.90 4.50 5.1333 1.03625 4.163551

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 2.20 149.70 147.50 20.7375 45.36966 339.8328

6.33.7 Production of Cotton in Union Territories







Union Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years is 16.95063 %.



tonnes) in Union Territories is .00, 25.00 and 25.00 respectively. Further




Union Territories for Post-WTO 18 years is 15.65187 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.33.7; Production of Cotton in Union Territories

Page | 380

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 1.10 9.00 7.90 2.9800 1.98753 16.95063

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .00 25.00 25.00 3.1688 6.05648 15.65187

6.33.8 Production of Sugarcane in Union Territories





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 232.3667 and


(in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Pre-WTO 15 years is

11.41978 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 255.1750 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Post-WTO 18

years is 18.26129 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories from Pre-WTO to







Page | 381

Table-6.33.8; Production of Sugarcane in Union Territories

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in %

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 113.30 460.80 347.50 232.3667 92.19300 11.41978

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 133.00 677.90 544.90 255.1750 143.14061 18.26129

6.33.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Union Territories



(in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is .20, 64.50 and 64.30


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories is 41.7000 and


& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories for Post-WTO 18

years is 3.171556 %.

Table-6.33.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Union Territories

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Union Territories

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 .20 64.50 64.30 41.7000 35.99847

6.34 Production of Food Grain and Major Non-Food Grain Crops in Whole

India

6.34.1 Production of Rice in Whole India



tonnes) in Whole India is 47115.80, 81814.00 and 34698.20 respectively.


tonnes) in Whole India is 65445.6000 and 10697.94215 respectively. And

Page | 382

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Whole

India for Pre-WTO 15 years is 3.576752 %.





tonnes) in Whole India is 89645.8389 and 8797.21286 respectively. And

mean growth rate of Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Whole

India for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.290684 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.34.1; Production of Rice in Whole India

Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 47115.80 81814.00 34698.20 65445.6000 10697.94215 3.576752

1995-

96 to

2012-

13

18 71820.20 104398.70 32578.50 89645.8389 8797.21286 2.290684

6.34.2 Production of Wheat in Whole India



tonnes) in Whole India is 36312.60, 65767.40and 29454.80 respectively.


Page | 383

thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 49416.6000 and 8349.25347


tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is 4.562571 %.







tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is 2.57128 %.


Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.34.2; Production of Wheat in Whole India

Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 36312.60 65767.40 29454.80 49416.6000 8349.25347 4.562571

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 62097.40 93903.60 31806.20 75161.3944 8976.97850 2.57128

6.34.3 Production of Coarse Cereals in Whole India



thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 25991.40, 36590.90 and 10599.50


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 30302.1667 and

Page | 384


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is

1.468748 %.





Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 34699.3389 and


Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is

3.103252 %.


Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to







Table-6.34.3; Production of Coarse Cereals in Whole India

Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 25991.40 36590.90 10599.50 30302.1667 3299.99952 1.468748

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 26065.40 43397.10 17331.70 34699.3389 4886.54628 3.103252

6.34.4 Production of Pulses in Whole India





Page | 385



tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is 2.580974 %.







tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is 3.373154 %.


(in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO range







Table-6.34.4; Production of Pulses in Whole India

Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 10626.80 14265.30 3638.50 12534.7800 1117.39987 2.580974

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 11075.40 18446.00 7370.60 14267.9556 2063.71049 3.373154

6.34.5 Production of Food Grains in Whole India





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 157699.1867 and

Page | 386


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is

3.088957 %.





Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 213774.5167 and


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is

2.453982 %.


Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.34.5; Production of Food Grains in Whole India

Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period

No.

of

Years


Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-

81 to

1994-

95

15 129518.70 191495.20 61976.50 157699.1867 20747.51767 3.088957

1995-

96 to

2012-

13

18 174771.40 257441.90 82670.50 213774.5167 23396.34289 2.453982

6.34.6 Production of Oilseeds in Whole India




Page | 387


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 15129.7600 and


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is

7.224513 %.





Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 24714.8167 and


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is

4.129882 %.


Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.34.6; Production of Oilseeds in Whole India

Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 9372.10 21495.50 12123.40 15129.7600 4298.06120 7.224513

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 14838.40 32479.00 17640.60 24714.8167 4610.64614 4.129882

6.34.7 Production of Cotton in Whole India



Page | 388





thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is 5.349393 %.







thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is 7.67831 %.


Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.34.7; Production of Cotton in Whole India

Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6382.00 11887.60 5505.60 8872.5333 1885.86395 5.349393

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 8623.70 35200.00 26576.30 18642.8833 8807.10655 7.67831

6.34.8 Production of Sugarcane in Whole India




Page | 389


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 205657.3200 and

35013.37766respectively. And mean growth rate of Production of

Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15 years is

4.583706 %.





Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 298831.2667 and


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years

is 1.700748 %.


Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-







Table-6.34.8; Production of Sugarcane in Whole India

Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

% 1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 154248.00 275539.90 121291.90 205657.3200 35013.37766 4.583706

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 233861.80 357667.10 123805.30 298831.2667 36445.08947 1.700748

6.34.9 Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Whole India



Page | 390

(in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 6777.90, 12646.50 and 5868.60


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 8601.1933 and


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Pre-WTO 15

years is 2.821642 %.



(in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 8807.10, 11817.40 and 3010.30


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India is 10848.1667 and


& Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India for Post-WTO 18 years is

1.887903 %.


Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO range has been decreased by 2858, which is undesirable;





decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable / undesirable


Table-6.34.9; Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in Whole India

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

Period No. of


Standard

Deviation

Mean

Growth

Rate in

%

1980-81

to 1994-

95

15 6777.90 12646.50 5868.60 8601.1933 1402.77766 2.821642

1995-96

to 2012-

13

18 8807.10 11817.40 3010.30 10848.1667 731.23431 1.887903

Page | 391

7. Findings and Conclusion 7.1 Findings

7.1.1 Findings for Hypotheses Testing

Findings for hypotheses testing have been summarized in Table-7.1.

Table-7.1; Findings for Hypothesis Testing

Sl.

No. Null Hypotheses (H0) Test

p

Value

Result at

99 %

Confidence

1

Production of Rice in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation

of Rice nor Yield per Hectare of Rice

F Test .000 Rejected

2

Production of Wheat in India does


of Wheat nor Yield per Hectare of

Wheat


3

Production of Coarse Cereals in India

does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Coarse Cereals nor

Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals


4

Production of Total Cereals in India


Cultivation of Total Cereals nor Yield

per Hectare of Total Cereals


5

Production of Pulses in India does


of Pulses nor Yield per Hectare of

Pulses


6

Production of Total Food Grains in

India does neither depends on Area of

Cultivation of Total Food Grains nor

Yield per Hectare of Total Food

Grains


7

Production of Groundnut in India


Cultivation of Groundnut nor Yield

per Hectare of Groundnut


8

Production of Rapeseed & Mustard in


Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard

nor Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed &

Mustard


9 Production of Soya bean in India does

neither depends on Area of Cultivation F Test .000 Rejected

Page | 392

of Soya bean nor Yield per Hectare of

Soya bean

10

Production of Total Oilseeds in India


Cultivation of Total Oilseeds nor Yield

per Hectare of Total Oilseeds


11

Production of Coffee in India does


of Coffee nor Yield per Hectare of

Coffee


12

Production of Sugarcane in India does


of Sugarcane nor Yield per Hectare of

Sugarcane


13

Production of Tea in India does


of Tea nor Yield per Hectare of Tea


14

Production of Tobacco in India does


of Tobacco nor Yield per Hectare of

Tobacco


15

Production of Cotton in India does


of Cotton nor Yield per Hectare of

Cotton


16

Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in


Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta nor

Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute &

Mesta


17

Regression with dependent variable

Production of Rice and independent

variables Area of Cultivation of Rice

and Yield per Hectare of Rice as whole

is not highly significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

18


Production of Wheat and independent

variables Area of Cultivation of Wheat

and Yield per Hectare of Wheat as

whole is not highly significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

19


Production of Coarse Cereals and

independent variables Area of

Cultivation of Coarse Cereals and

Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals as


ANOVA .000 Rejected

Page | 393

20


Production of Total Cereals and


Cultivation of Total Cereals and Yield

per Hectare of Total Cereals as whole


ANOVA .000 Rejected

21


Production of Pulses and independent

variables Area of Cultivation of Pulses

and Yield per Hectare of Pulses as


ANOVA .000 Rejected

22


Production of Total Food Grains and


Cultivation of Total Food Grains and

Yield per Hectare of Total Food

Grains as whole is not highly

significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

23


Production of Groundnut and


Cultivation of Groundnut and Yield

per Hectare of Groundnut as whole is


ANOVA .000 Rejected

24


Production of Rapeseed & Mustard

and independent variables Area of

Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard

and Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed &

Mustard as whole is not highly

significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

25


Production of Soya bean and


Cultivation of Soya bean and Yield per

Hectare of Soya bean as whole is not

highly significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

26


Production of Total Oilseeds and


Cultivation of Total Oilseeds and Yield

per Hectare of as whole is not highly

significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

27


Production of Coffee and independent

variables Area of Cultivation of Coffee

ANOVA .000 Rejected

Page | 394

and Yield per Hectare of Coffee as


28


Production of Sugarcane and


Cultivation of Sugarcane and Yield

per Hectare of Sugarcane as whole is


ANOVA .000 Rejected

29


Production of Tea and independent

variables Area of Cultivation of Tea

and Yield per Hectare of Tea as whole


ANOVA .000 Rejected

30


Production of Tobacco and


Cultivation of Tobacco and Yield per

Hectare of Tobacco as whole is not

highly significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

31


Production of Cotton and independent

variables Area of Cultivation of Cotton

and Yield per Hectare of Cotton as


ANOVA .000 Rejected

32


Production of Raw Jute & Mesta and


Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta and

Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute &

Mesta as whole is not highly

significant

ANOVA .000 Rejected

7.1.2 Findings for agriculture production in India

For Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by 24200.24; standard

deviation has been decreased by 1900.729; and mean growth rate has

been decreased by 1.28607.

For Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by 25744.79;

standard deviation has been increased by 627.725; and mean growth rate

has been decreased by 1.99129.

Page | 395

For Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole

India from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by

4397.172; standard deviation has been increased by 1586.547; and mean

growth rate has been increased by 1.6345 for the economy.

For Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India


standard deviation has been increased by 946.3106; and mean growth

rate has been increased by 0.79218 for the economy.

For Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole


56075.33; standard deviation has been increased by 2648.825; and mean

growth rate has been decreased by 0.63498.

For Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India



rate has been decreased by 3.09463.

For Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India



rate has been increased by 2.32892 for the economy.

For Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India



rate has been decreased by 2.88296.

For Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in

Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by

2246.973; standard deviation has been decreased by 671.5434; and mean

growth rate has been decreased by 0.93374.

7.2 Conclusion

7.2.1 Conclusion for Hypotheses Testing

The conclusion from hypotheses testing may be drawn as:

Page | 396

1. Production of Rice in India depends on either or both Area of

Cultivation of Rice nor Yield per Hectare of Rice

2. Production of Wheat in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Wheat Yield per Hectare of Wheat

3. Production of Coarse Cereals in India depends on either or both of

Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals Yield per Hectare of Coarse

Cereals

4. Production of Total Cereals in India depends on either or both of Area

of Cultivation of Total Cereals Yield per Hectare of Total Cereals

5. Production of Pulses in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Pulses Yield per Hectare of Pulses

6. Production of Total Food Grains in India depends on either or both of

Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains Yield per Hectare of Total

Food Grains

7. Production of Groundnut in India depends on either or both of Area

of Cultivation of Groundnut Yield per Hectare of Groundnut

8. Production of Rapeseed & Mustard in India depends on either or both

of Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed & Mustard Yield per Hectare of

Rapeseed & Mustard

9. Production of Soya bean in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Soya bean Yield per Hectare of Soya bean

10. Production of Total Oilseeds in India depends on either or both of

Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds Yield per Hectare of Total

Oilseeds

11. Production of Coffee in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Coffee Yield per Hectare of Coffee

12. Production of Sugarcane in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Sugarcane Yield per Hectare of Sugarcane

Page | 397

13. Production of Tea in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Tea Yield per Hectare of Tea

14. Production of Tobacco in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Tobacco Yield per Hectare of Tobacco

15. Production of Cotton in India depends on either or both of Area of

Cultivation of Cotton Yield per Hectare of Cotton

16. Production of Raw Jute & Mesta in India depends on either or both of

Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta Yield per Hectare of Raw

Jute & Mesta

17. Regression with dependent variable Production of Rice and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Rice and Yield per

Hectare of Rice as whole is highly significant

18. Regression with dependent variable Production of Wheat and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Wheat and Yield per

Hectare of Wheat as whole is highly significant

19. Regression with dependent variable Production of Coarse Cereals and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Coarse Cereals and

Yield per Hectare of Coarse Cereals as whole is highly significant

20. Regression with dependent variable Production of Total Cereals and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total Cereals and Yield

per Hectare of Total Cereals as whole is highly significant

21. Regression with dependent variable Production of Pulses and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Pulses and Yield per

Hectare of Pulses as whole is highly significant

22. Regression with dependent variable Production of Total Food Grains

and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total Food Grains

and Yield per Hectare of Total Food Grains as whole is highly

significant

Page | 398

23. Regression with dependent variable Production of Groundnut and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Groundnut and Yield

per Hectare of Groundnut as whole is highly significant

24. Regression with dependent variable Production of Rapeseed &

Mustard and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Rapeseed

& Mustard and Yield per Hectare of Rapeseed & Mustard as whole is

highly significant

25. Regression with dependent variable Production of Soya bean and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Soya bean and Yield per

Hectare of Soya bean as whole is highly significant

26. Regression with dependent variable Production of Total Oilseeds and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Total Oilseeds and Yield

per Hectare of as whole is highly significant

27. Regression with dependent variable Production of Coffee and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Coffee and Yield per

Hectare of Coffee as whole is highly significant

28. Regression with dependent variable Production of Sugarcane and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Sugarcane and Yield per

Hectare of Sugarcane as whole is highly significant

29. Regression with dependent variable Production of Tea and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Tea and Yield per

Hectare of Tea as whole is highly significant

30. Regression with dependent variable Production of Tobacco and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Tobacco and Yield per

Hectare of Tobacco as whole is highly significant

31. Regression with dependent variable Production of Cotton and

independent variables Area of Cultivation of Cotton and Yield per

Hectare of Cotton as whole is highly significant

Page | 399

32. Regression with dependent variable Production of Raw Jute & Mesta

and independent variables Area of Cultivation of Raw Jute & Mesta

and Yield per Hectare of Raw Jute & Mesta as whole is highly

significant

7.2.2 Conclusion for Agriculture Production in India

Conclusion from agriculture production in India for both Pre-WTO to

Post-WTO era may be drawn as follows:

1. For Production of Rice (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India from

Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by 24200.24,

which is desirable; standard deviation has been decreased by

1900.729, which is desirable; and mean growth rate has been

decreased by 1.28607, which is undesirable for the economy.

Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and

decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable condition

for the economy.

2. For Production of Wheat (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by

25744.79, which is desirable; standard deviation has been

increased by 627.725, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate

has been decreased by 1.99129, which is undesirable for the

economy. Further from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean

and decrease in mean growth rate is a strongly undesirable


3. For Production of Coarse Cereals (in thousand tonnes) in Whole






Page | 400

increase in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable condition for

the economy.

4. For Production of Pulses (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India






increase in mean growth rate is a strongly desirable condition for

the economy.

5. For Production of Food Grains (in thousand tonnes) in Whole








6. For Production of Oilseeds (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India



increased by 312.5849, which is undesirable; and mean growth

rate has been decreased by 3.09463, which is undesirable for the




7. For Production of Cotton (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been increased by 9770.35,

which is desirable; standard deviation has been increased by

6921.243, which is undesirable; and mean growth rate has been

increased by 2.32892, which is desirable for the economy. Further

Page | 401

from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO increase in mean and increase in


8. For Production of Sugarcane (in thousand tonnes) in Whole India








9. For Production of Raw Jute & Mesta (in thousand tonnes) in

Whole India from Pre-WTO to Post-WTO mean has been

increased by 2246.973, which is desirable; standard deviation has

been decreased by 671.5434, which is desirable; and mean growth

rate has been decreased by 0.93374, which is undesirable for the




Page | 402

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