American Wine: The Ultimate Companion to the Wines and Wineries of the United Statesby Jancis Robinson and Linda Murphy

7/27/2019 American Wine: The Ultimate Companion to the Wines and Wineries of the United Statesby Jancis Robinson and Li

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2/26

MACXBKM@

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3/26


4/26

MACXBKM@

_B@C^fc Sdtbamtc Keapm`be` te tfc_b`cs m`n _b`crbcs ei tfc

S`btcn [tmtcs

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5/26

S`bvcrsbty ei Kmdbier`bm Zrcss, e`c ei tfc aest

nbstbòubsfcn u`bvcrsbty prcsscs b` tfc S`btcn [tmtcs,

c`rbkfcs dbvcs mreu`n tfc werdn hy mnvm`kbò skfedmrsfbp

b` tfc fuam`btbcs, sekbmd skbc`kcs, m`n `mturmd skbc`kcs.

Bts mktbvbtbcs mrc suppertcn hy tfc SK Zrcss Ieu`nmtbe`

m`n hy pfbdm`tfrepbk ke`trbhutbe`s irea b`nbvbnumds m`n

b`stbtutbe`s. Ier aerc bìeramtbe`, vbsbt www.ukprcss.cnu.

S`bvcrsbty ei Kmdbier`bm Zrcss

Hcrlcdcy m`n Des Mòcdcs, Kmdbier`bm

Macrbkm` _b`c

hy Gm`kbs Xehb`se` m`n Db`nm Aurpfy

Ibrst puhdbsfcn b` Orcmt Hrbtmb` b` 8:=; hy Abtkfcdd

Hcmzdcy, m` baprb`t ei Ektepus Zuhdbsfbò Oreup Dtn,

C`ncmveur Feusc, =62 [fmitcshury Mvcùc,

De`ne` _K8F 6GR

www.ektepusheels.ke.ul

M` Fmkfcttc SL Keapm`y

www.fmkfcttc.ke.ul

Kepyrboft Ektepus Zuhdbsfbò Oreup Dtn 8:=;

^cxt kepyrboft Gm kbs Xehb se` & Db`nm Aurpfy 8:=;

^fc mutfers fmvc msscrtcn tfcbr aermd rbofts.

Mdd rbofts rcscrvcn. @e pmrt ei tfbs werl amy hc

rcprenukcn er utbdbzcn b` m`y iera er hy m`y acm`s,

cdcktre`bk er ackfm`bkmd, b`kdunbò pfetekepyb o,

rckernbò, er hy m`y bìeramtbe` stermoc m`n rctrbcvmd

systca, wbtfeut tfc prber wrbttc` pcrabssbe` ei tfc

puhdbsfcrs.

^fc puhdbsfcrs wbdd hc ormtciud ier m`y bìeramtbe`

tfmt wbdd mssbst tfca b` lccpbò iuturc cnbtbe`s up tenmtc. Mdtfeuof mdd rcmse`mhdc kmrc fms hcc` tmlc` b` tfc

prcpmrmtbe` ei tfbs heel, `cbtfcr tfc puhdbsfcrs èr tfc

mutfer km` mkkcpt m`y dbmhbdbty ier m`y ke`scquc`kc mrbsbò

irea tfc usc tfcrcei, er tfc bìeramtbe` ke`tmb`cn tfcrcb`.

Dbhrmry ei Keòrcss Ke`tred @uahcr 8:=82>>::8

B[H@7 2?6-:-38:-8?;8=->

[ct b` Omrmae`n.

Zrb`tcn m`n heu`n b` Kfb`m.

Cnbterbmd Ke`sudtm`t7 Obdd Zbtts[c`ber Zrenuktbe` Ke`treddcr7 Duky Kmrtcr

ZXENSKCN IEX EKÊZS[ ZSHDB[FB@O OXESZ

D^N. HR [AMDD_EEN & [^C_MX^, @RK

Am`mobò Cnbter7 Gef` [amddween

Ncsbo`7 Mdcxbs [brek

Bamoc Xcscmrkf7 Amrbm A. Wcrmim

Kmrteormpfbk Cnbter7 Kfmrdettc Abddcr

Cnbterbmd Xcscmrkf7 Lmtfcrb`c Kmamroe

Kmrteormpfy7 Kesaeormpfbks

B`ncx7 Zfmres B`ncxbò


6/26


7/26

KE@^C@^[Zrcimkc vb bb

Macrbkm`_b`camlbòKeacseiMoc =

^fc_cst KMDBIEX@BM =6

Ac`nekbè Keu`ty 88

Dmlc Keu`ty 89[eèam Keu`ty 86

Des Kmr`cres MYM 3:

@mpm Ymddcy MYM 3>

Hmy Mrcm 2:

Ae`tcrcy Keu`ty =:8

[m` Hc`bte & Aeu`t Fmrdm` MYMs =:6

[m` Dubs Ehbspe Keu`ty ==:

[m`tm Hmrhmrm Keu`ty ==2

[bcrrm Ieetfbdds =;:

Kc`trmd Ymddcy =;9

[eutf Kemst =>:

EXCOE@ =>9_bd dmact tc Ymddcy MYM =>2

[eutfcr` Ercoe` =3>

_M[FB@O Ê@ =9:Keduahbm Ymddcy MYM =9>

Zuoct [eu`n MYM m`n [cmttdc =?6

BNMFE =68

KEDEXMNE =63

E^FCX AES@^MB@ [^M^C[ =2:[eutf Nmletm, @ertf Nmletm, Ae`tm`m,

Stmf, @cvmnm, _yeabò

FM_MBB M@N MD M[L M =2>

^fc[eutfwcst MXBWE@M =26

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8/26

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E^FCX _C[^KC@^X MD [^M^C[ 8=2Lm`sms, Bewm, Ab``csetm, @chrmslm

ABKFBOM@ 888

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DE_CX [ES^F 8>>Ocerobm, Iderbnm, Mdmhmam, Abssbssbppb,

Deubsbm`m, Mrlm`sms

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9/26

vbbb | ZXCIMKC

Bts fmrn te hcdbcvc tenmy tfmt ms rckc`tdy ms twc`ty ycmrs moe Macrbkm` wb`c

prenukcrs icdt tfcy wcrc u`ncr sbcoc. ^mdl wms mdd ei `ceprefbhbtbe`bsts, wmr`bò

dmhcds, m`n cvc` aerc rcoudmtery ke`strmb`t tfm` tfmt ieddewbò fc @ehdc Cxpcr-bac`t (`mtbe`md prefbhbtbe`) b` tfc =28:s. ênmy, fewcvcr, wfc`cvcr B spc`n tbac

b` m` Macrbkm` kbty, B iccd ms tfeuof wb`c ms m suhgckt ier stuny m`n c`geyac`t

bs rcn fet. ^fcrcs m` c`croctbk c`tfusbmsa ier cxpcrbc`kbò bts pdcmsurcs m`n

ùm`kcs m`n m ocùb`c kurbesbty mheut tfc keapdcxbtbcs ei few bt bs orew` m`n

amnc tfmt B sc`sc èwfcrc cdsc b` tfc werdn (wbtf tfc pessbhdc cxkcptbe` ei

Kfb`ms imstcst-orewbò kbtbcs). Bt bs fmrndy surprbsbò tfmt mdd wb`c ormpfs b` tfc

S`btcn [tmtcs scca te hc fcmnbò b` e`c nbrcktbe`, se aukf se tfmt tfc [tmtcs

rckc`tdy evcrteel tfc ciictc amger wb`c prenukcrs ei Curepc, sukf ms Irm`kc m`n

Btmdy, wfcrc wb`c fms è aerc èvcdty vmduc tfm` petmtecs, te hckeac tfc werdnshboocst wb`c amrlct.

^fbs urhm` devc miimbr fms hcc` amtkfcn hy m orcmt oreu`nswcdd ei vbèus

mktbvbty b` tfc Macrbkm` keu`trysbnc. Ormpcvb`cs wcrc e`kc orew` scrbeusdy ier

wb`c b` gust m fm`niud ei stmtcsprcneab`m`tdy b` Kmdbier`bms vbtbkudturmddy bncmd

kdbamtc, ms wcdd ms b` upstmtc @cw Rerl, kdesc te amger keùrhmtbe`s, m`n b` pmrts

ei tfc Abnwcst, ètmhdy Efbe m`n Absseurb, wfcrc vb`cs fbsterbkmddy put new`

reets b` Macrbkm` sebd. Nurbò tfc scke`n fmdi ei tfc twc`tbctf kc`tury, mètfcr

mrrmy ei wb`c-prenukbò stmtcs, b`kdunbò _msfbòte`, Ercoe`, Ybrob`bm, Zc``-

sydvm`bm, m`n @cw Gcrscy, huroce`cn m`n prespcrcn. enmy tfcrc bs èt m stmtc b`tfc u`be`, cvc` b` sukf u`dblcdy eutpests ier tfc vb`c ms Fmwmbb m`n Mdmslm, tfmt

bs èt feac te m wb`cry. ^fc tetmd ùahcr ei eikbmddy dbkc`scn wb`c prenukcrs

b` tfc S`btcn [tmtcs fms ausfreeacn irea et aukf aerc tfm` twe tfeusm`n mt

tfc tur` ei tfc abddc``bua te aerc tfm` scvc` tfeusm`n tenmy.

Mnabttcndy, seac ei tfcsc wb`crbcs mrc dekmtcn b` pdmkcs se b`fespbtmhdc te

tfc vb`ckcrtmb`dy ier tfc Curepcm` ormpcvb`c Ybtbs vb`bicrmtfmt tfcy eitc`

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bxZXCIMKC |

fmvc te ncpc`n e` ormpcs, er seactbacs wb`c, sfbppcn b` irea etfcr aerc vb`c-

irbc`ndy stmtcs. Hut tfcrc km` hc è neuht ei tfc sb`kcrbty wbtf wfbkf se am`y

Macrbkm`s, wfcrcvcr tfcy dbvc, fmvc èw cahrmkcn wb`c.^fbs heel bs m kcdchrmtbe` ei tfbs ncdbkbeus m`n ncdboftiud pfcèacè , m`n

ei gust few am`y Macrbkm`s fmvc ke`qucrcn m` mrcm ei cxpcrtbsc e`kc rcomrncn

ms qub`tcssc`tbmddy Curepcm`. _c fcmr m orcmt ncmd mheut tfc hbo-peb`ts-skercrs

irea Kmdbier`bms aest imaeus rcobe`s, hut tfmt bs e`dy e`c pmrt ei tfc b`spbrbò

pmtkfwerl tfmt bs tfc stery ei Macrbkm` wb`c tenmy.

e pbkl gust m icw wb`cs tfmt cbtfcr mrc er sfeudn hc rcomrncn ms Macrbkm`

kdmssbks7 tfc hcst Kmhcr`cts m`n Herncmux hdc`ns irea Kmdbier`bm, _msfbòte`,

Ybrob`bm, m`n Deò Bsdm`n< tfc `cst Zbèt @ebrs irea Zmkbk-keedcn Kmdbier`bm

m`n Ercoe`< suaptueus Kfmrne``mys irea mdd evcr tfc keu`try< suhtdc [yrmfm`n etfcr Xf`c ormpc vmrbctbcs irea cmstcr` _msfbòte`< mnabrmhdy prckbsc

Xbcsdbòs irea @cw Rerls Ibòcr Dmlcs m`n, b`krcmsbòdy, Abkfbom`. ^fcsc mrc

hcbò geb`cn hy hrboft-irubtcn ^caprm`bdde irea ^cxms m`n seutfcr` Ercoe`>: b` =2?:m`n tfc heea fms hcc` fcmrn

mreu`n tfc werdn. Macrbkms hcst hettdcs mrc cvcry hbt ms oeen

ms tfc `cst wb`cs ei Curepc.

Mdtfeuof tfc S`btcn [tmtcs bs m rcdmtbvc tenndcr ms m

wb`camlbò m`n wb`c-nrb`lbò `mtbe`, fbttbò bts strbnc b` tfc

abn-twc`tbctf kc`tury wfbdc bts Curepcm` keu`tcrpmrts fmvc

hcc` mt iudd sprb`t ier fu`nrcns ei ycmrs, tfc tbacdb`c ei tfbs

rcdmtbvcdy sfert cèdeobkmd ncvcdepac`t bs surprbsbòdy kea-

pdcx. ^fc ity stmtcs amy hc u`btcn ms m `mtbe`, hut wfc` btkeacs te wb`camlbò fbstery, kudturc, m`n vbtbkudturc, cmkf

amy ms wcdd hc bts ew` keu`try.

Zcepdc wcrc amlbò wb`c fcrc deò hcierc tfc mtbe` cvc`

cxbstcn. Irc`kf Fuoucèts hubdt hmscs b` Iderbnm b` tfc abn-

=3::s m`n prenukcn wb`c irea tfc `mtbvc [kuppcrèò ormpc

(m` mkqubrcn tmstc cvc` tenmy). Mreu`n =9:?, Còdbsf baab-

orm`ts scclbò rcdbobeus irccnea dm`ncn e` tfc Cmstcr` scmhemrn

ei wfmt weudn hckeac Macrbkm. Mkkusteacn te nrb`lbò wb`c

wbtf tfcbr acmds, tfc Zbdorbas wcrc pdcmscn te `n `mtbvc

ormpcvb`cs, Ybtbs dmhruskmm`n Ybtbs retu`nbiedbm, orewbò wbdn b`

tfcbr `cw feac, hut tfcy wcrc nbsamycn te nbskevcr tfmt wfc`

icrac`tcn, tfcsc ormpcs amnc ausly, u`smvery wb`csIrc`kfkdmrcts tfcy wcrc èt.

[e tfc scttdcrs sc`t ier Ybtbs vb`bicrmkuttbòs irea Curepc

trmnbtbe`md vmrbctbcs sukf ms Kmhcr`ct [muvboè` m`n Xbcsdbò

m`n pdm`tcn tfca b` tfc kedn, wct, m`n eitc` fuabn ke`nbtbe`s

ei tfcbr `cw feac. ^fcsc èhdc vb`cs wcrc bdd subtcn te tfc

kdbamtc m`n sebds ei Ybrob`bm, Amrydm`n, @cw Rerl,

Amssmkfusctts, m`n etfcr cmrdy kede`bcs, m`n aest nbcn wbtfb`

m icw ycmrs ei pdm`tbò.

Mreu`n tfc smac tbac, [pm`bsf abssbe`mrbcs hcom` aevbò

èrtfwmrn irea Acxbke b`te @cw Acxbke m`n dmtcr b`te tfc

]ucc` ei tfc Abssbe`s

[m`tm Hmrhmrm, tfc tc`tf ei tfc twc`ty-e`c abssbe`s cstmhdbsfcn hy [pm`bsf ae`ls

b` Kmdbier`bm aerc tfm` twe fu`nrcn ycmrs moe, b`kduncs m vb`cymrn irea wfbkf tfc

abssbe`mrbcs prenukcn wb`c ier smkrmac`tmd purpescs.

E` tfc krewncn wb`c trmbd

^fc pepudmtbe` ei wb`crbcs b` seac rcobe`s fms hckeac se nc`sc tfmt vbsbters km` spc`n

m wccl b` e`c mrcm m`n stbdd et fmvc tbac te vbsbt mdd tfc tmstbò reeas (eppesbtc).

M _loK Mo


13/26

| MACXBKM@ _B@CAMLB@O KEAC[ EI MOC8

tcrrbtery tfmt wms te hc lèw` ms Kmdbier`bm. Hctwcc` =?92

m`n =68>, Irm`kbskm` ae`ls cstmhdbsfcn twc`ty-e`c abssbe`s b`

tfmt tcrrbtery, pdm`tbò tfc Abssbe` ormpcs tfcy fmn hreuoft

wbtf tfca irea [pmb` te amlc wb`c ier keaau`be` purpescs.

Kmdbier`bms Acnbtcrrm`cm`-dblc kdbamtc prevcn ke`nukbvc te

sukkcssiud Abssbe` ormpc orewbò m`n wb`camlbò.

Cmst Kemst vb`t`crs, fewcvcr, ke`tbùcn te hc ncstb`cn ier

imbdurc. ^feams Gciicrse`, tfc `mtbe`s rst sckrctmry ei stmtcm`n tfbrn prcsbnc`t, wms m orcmt mnabrcr m`n keddckter ei

Herncmux wb`cs. B` tfc abn- te dmtc-=?::s, fc mttcaptcn te orew

Curepcm` vmrbctbcs mt fbs Ae`tbkcdde cstmtc b` Ybrob`bm. Hut fc,

m`n etfcr Cmstcr` stmtcsac` wbtf krmvbòs ier kdmrct, imbdcn te

orew m`n vb`biy Kmhcr`ct [muvboè`, Acrdet, m`n Kmhcr`ct

Irm`k, vmrbctbcs tfmt wcrc tfc` u`subtcn te tfc Cmst Kemst

kdbamtc m`n sebds. B` Zc``sydvm`bm, Ocram` baaborm`ts wcrc

cxpcrbc`kbò sbabdmr nbsmppeb`tac`ts wbtf Xbcsdbò m`n

Ocwrztrmab`cr pdm`tbòs. fcrc Gmacs Mdcxm`ncr, cxmspcrmtcn

hy fbs vb`bicrm-hmscn wb`cs, ke`vcrtcn te tfc `mtbvc Ybtbs dmhruskm

b` tfc =?;:s. Etfcrs ieddewcn, demnbò tfc wb`cs wbtf suomr te

eiisct tfc ausly mreams m`n mvers b`fcrc`t b` tfc ormpcs.^fc keu`trys rst keaacrkbmddy sukkcssiud wb`cry wms

cstmhdbsfcn b` Kb`kb``mtb, Efbe, b` tfc abn-=6::s hy hm`lcr

@bkfedms Deòwertf. [pmrldbò wb`cs amnc irea tfc mtbvc

Kmtmwhm ormpc wcrc fbs spckbmdty, m`n tfc wb`cs wcrc se

keapctc`tdy amnc tfmt tfcy hckmac pepudmr b` Còdm`n ms wcdd.

Hut b` tfc =69:s, nbscmsc nckbamtcn fbs vb`cs, m`n Efbe wb`c-

amlcrs skmttcrcn te @cw Rerl m`n Absseurb te hcob` momb`.

M rcmd tur` kmac b` =6>2, wfc` Btmdbm` m`n Irc`kf baab-

orm`ts hcom` te een @ertfcr` Kmdbier`bm te sccl tfcbr iertu`cs

b` oedn ab`bò. M`n tfcy hcom` te kudtbvmtc wb`c ormpcs,

b`kdunbò Wbìm`ncd m`n Kmrbo`m`c, b` tfc [bcrrm Ieetfbdds te

amlc wb`cs te sdmlc tfcbr Curepcm` tfbrst.

B` tfc =63:s m`n 9:s, Curepcm` vb`t`crs imkcn m krbppdbò

krbsbs. Zfyddexcrm, m reet deusc tfmt smps tfc strcòtf irea vb`cs,

fmn amnc bts wmy b`te Curepc, aest dblcdy e` kuttbòs irea tfc

S`btcn [tmtcs, wfcrc mtbvc vb`cs tedcrmtcn tfc huo m`n tfescpdm`tcn e` [t. Oceroc reetsteklprbamrbdy Wbìm`ncd, Zctbtc

[brmf, m`n Kmrbo`m`cwcrc rcsbstm`t te bt. _fc` vb`cs irea

Macrbkm wcrc prepmomtcn b` Irm`kc, tfc keu`try tfmt weudn hc

fmrncst-fbt hy pfyddexcrm, tfc bìcstmtbe` cxpdencn, lbddbò vb`cs

mt mdmrabò rmtcs.

Mt tfc smac tbac, Macrbkm s wcrc b`krcmsbò tfcbr pdm`tbòs

eiYbtbs vb`bicrm, usbò kuttbòs bapertcn irea Curepc. ^fcsc

spckbcs wcrc et rcsbstm`t te pfyddexcrm, se tfcy, tee, hcom` te

nbc. ^fc rcacnyormitbò Curepcm` vmrbctbcs e`te rcsbstm`t

Macrbkm` reetsteklsdewdy hreuoft tfc vb`cymrns hmkl te dbic.

(B` tfc =2?:s m`n 6:s m reetstekl hcdbcvcn te hc pfyddexcrm-

preei wms ncvcdepcn te prenukc dmroc ybcdns ei fbof-qumdbty

ormpcs ke`sbstc`tdy. Hut bt, b` imkt, prevcn suskcptbhdc te pfyddex-

crm, m`n Kmdbier`bm orewcrs wcrc ierkcn te rbp eut tfcbr vb`cs

m`n rcpdm`t wbtf etfcr reetstekls.)

_fbdc Kmdbier`bm m`n Curepc struoodcn, vb`cymrns b` tfc cmst,

pdm`tcn b` dmhruskm, ke`tbùcn te tfrbvc, m`n rcscmrkfcrs rcmdbzcn

tfmt hy ormitbò Irc`kf vb`bicrm e`te mtbvc dmhruskm reetstekl,

ormpc orewcrs keudn fmvc nbscmsc-rcsbstm`t vb`cs tfmt prenukcn

nrb`lmhdc wb`cs b` m aerc Curepcm` stydc. ^fcsc ormitcn vb`cs,

mdse pdm`tcn tfreuofeut Curepc, hckmac keaae` e` tfc Cmst

Kemst m`n b` tfc [eutfm fmppy acnbua hctwcc` nbscmsc-

pre`c vb`bicrm m`n tfc iu`ly wb`cs prenukcn irea dmhruskm._fc` tfc oedn rm` eut b` Kmdbier`bm b` tfc dmtc =63:s, tfc

ab`crs aevcn te [m` Irm`kbske, [eèam, @mpm, Ac`nekbè,

[eutfcr` Kmdbier`bm, m`n etfcr wmra mrcms, pdm`tbò wb`c ormpcs

e` tfc scktbe`s ei tfcbr prepcrtbcs tfmt keudn èt sustmb` sukf

kreps ms teamtecs, pcppcrs, squmsfcs, erkfmrn irubts, m`n ùts.

^fcsc dmrocdy Btmdbm` m`n Irc`kf scttdcrs put wb`c ormpcs b`te

oreu`n tfmt weudn dmtcr hc nccacn ms fmddewcn hy wb`camlcrs.

^fc cxbstc`kc tenmy ei b`tc`sc, kfmrmktcriud edn-vb`c Kmdbier`bm

rcn wb`cs km` hc trmkcn te tfc baaborm`ts wfe pdm`tcn m`n tfc`

amb`tmb`cn tfesc rst vb`cs tfreuof Zrefbhbtbe` m`n hcye`n.

Ier tfc cxt icw nckmncs, tfc wb`c b`nustry b` tfc S`btcn [tmtcs

wms dmrocdy dekmd< `mtbe`mddy, b tcrcst b` wb`c m`n bts ke suaptbe`wms dbabtcn, m n tfesc wfe c geycn wb`c eitc` kfesc Curepcm`

hettdcs. fc mnvc`t ei Zrefbhbtbe` nbn`t fcdp amttcrs m`y.

Zrefbhbtbe` wms spurrcn hy m nckmncs-deò tcapcrm`kc

aevcac`t, wfesc mnvekmtcs fcdn tfmt b`texbkmtbe` dcn te krbac,

nchmukfcry, m`n tfc rub`mtbe` ei sekbcty. ^fcbr b`btbmd kmdds ier

aencrmtbe` b` tfc ke`suaptbe` ei wb`c, hccr, m`n spbrbts cvedvcn

b`te ncam`ns ier m tetmd hm` e` tfc prenuktbe`, trm`spertmtbe`,

m`n smdc ei ncae` nrb`l, m`n tfcbr wbsfcs wcrc orm`tcn hy tfc

=2=2 rmtbkmtbe` ei tfc =6tf Mac`nac`t te tfc Ke`stbtutbe` m`n

tfc bapdcac`tmtbe` ei tfc dmw vbm tfc Yedstcmn Mkt b` =28:.

Absseurb wb`camlbò

[te`c Fbdd bs tfc edncst wb`cry b` Absseurb, ieu`ncn b` =6>? hy Ocram`baaborm`ts, wfe wcrc amlbò =.83 abddbe` omdde`s ei wb`c pcr ycmr hy =2::.

Mhm`ne`cn nurbò Zrefbhbtbe`, tfc wb`cry wms rcstercn hy tfc Fcdn imabdy

b` =293 (Hctty m`n Gba Fcdn mrc sfew` fcrc), m`n tenmy bt bs e`c ei tfc stmtcs

aest bapertm`t prenukcrs.


14/26

^FC DCOMKR EI ZXEFBHB^BE@

MACXBKM@ _B@CAMLB@O KEAC[ EI MOC | ;

[b`kc Kede`bmd tbacs, Macrbkm fms fmn

tcapcrm`kc pcrbens, seac mtbe`md, etfcrs

dbabtcn te spckbk stmtcs er rcobe`s wbtfb`

stmtcs. Ymrbeus oevcràc`t, rcdbobeus, m`n

puhdbk fcmdtf dcmncrs fmvc vebkcn tfcbrke`kcr`s mheut tfc ciickts ei mdkefed e`

tfc pepudmkc, vbcwbò sukf nrb`ls ms tfrcmts

te pfysbkmd m`n spbrbtumd fcmdtf.

_fc` Zrefbhbtbe` hcom` b` =28:,

mpprexbamtcdy e`c-fmdi ei tfc stmtcs mdrcmny

fmn dmws prefbhbtbò er dbabtbò mdkefed

amùimkturc. Spe` Xcpcmd b` =2;;, scvcrmd

ei tfesc stmtcs ke`tbùcn te hm` heezc

seac u`tbd ms dmtc ms =299, wfc` imra

wb`cry mkts hcom` te hc put b`te pdmkc,

orm`tbò imracrs tfc rboft te prenukc m`n

scdd wb`cs amnc irea tfcbr ew` kreps. @et

e`dy fmn mdkefed ke`suaptbe` hckeac dcss

ehgcktbe`mhdc b` tfcsc strmoodcr stmtcs

(aest ei tfca b` tfc Abnwcst m`n [eutf),

morbkudturmd ckeèabks wcrc mdse mt pdmy,

wbtf stmtc eikbmds sccbò mnnbtbe`md

rcvcùcs irea wb`c cxkbsc m`n smdcs tmxcs,

ms wcdd ms tfc ae`cy te hc amnc irea

wb`c-hmscn teurbsa.

Lm`sms wms tfc rst stmtc te mktbvcdy

prefbhbt mdkefedbk hcvcrmoc prenuktbe`, b`

=66= (mt tfc tbac, Amb`c fmn sukf m dmwe` bts heels, hut rmrcdy cìerkcn bt). Lm`sms

nbn`t c`n bts stmtc prefbhbtbe` u`tbd =2>62 Oedn Xusf, m`n hckmusc tfc vb`cs wcrc e` pfyddexcrm-

rcsbstm`t reetstekl, am`y fmvc survbvcn te tfbs nmy.

Mdse7 _FB^COcwrztrmab`cr, Amrsm``c, Auskmt, Zbèt Hdm`k,

Xeussm``c, Ybeo`bcr< XCNMdbkm`tc Heuskfct, Hmrhcrm, Kmrbo`m`c,

Orc`mkfc, Amdhck, Aeurvnrc, Zctbtc [brmf, Zctbt Ycrnet, [mòbevcsc,

^caprm`bdde (scc hex p. =3?).

@mtbvc Macrbkm` vmrbctbcs^fc Ybtbs dmhruskm m`n Ybtbs retu`nbiedbm vb`c spckbcs tfmt cmrdy scttdcrs

ieu`n orewbò wbdn e` tfc Cmst Kemst nbn`t prenukc pmrtbkudmrdy

pmdmtmhdc wb`cs. Ymrbctbcs ei tfcsc spckbcs mrc èw orew` ier gubkc,

gmas, m`n gcddbcs, hut b` slbddcn fm`ns tfcy km` hc trm`sieracn b`te

rcwmrnbò wb`cs.

Ke`kernOrmpcy m`n sbapdc, tfbs purpdc dmhruskm vmrbcty bs prbamrbdy

uscn te amlc gubkcs, gmas, gcddbcs, m`n tfc pepudmr lesfcr wb`c

Am`bskfcwbtz. Abkfbom`, Zc``sydvm`bm, m`n @cw Rerl mrc tfc amger

orewcrs ei Ke`kern, wbtf aukf ei tfcbr prenuktbe` oebò te _cdkfs.

Auskmnb`c^fbs oreup eiYbtbs retu`nbiedbm b`kduncs tfc spckbk

vmrbctbcs Kmrdes m`n [kuppcrèò ier wfbtc wb`cs, m`n @ehdc ier

rcns. Auskmnb`cs fmvc m fbof tedcrm`kc ier tfc fuabnbty m`n iuòmd

nbscmscs typbkmd b` tfc [eutfb` Iderbnm, Lc`tukly, @ertf Kmredb`m,

m`n Abssbssbppb, te mac tfc aest preab`c`t stmtcsm`n prenukc

aestdy swcct, vbskeus wb`cs tfmt fmvc m km`nbcn-irubt, ausly mream.

@bmomrmMs Ke`kerns wfbtc dmhruskm keu`tcrpmrt, @bmomrm fmsm sbabdmr iexy, ausly kfmrmktcr tfmt tmstcs iercbo` te tfesc

mkkusteacn te vb`bicrm wb`cs. Zrenuktbe` bs kc`tcrcn dmrocdy b` @cw

Rerl [tmtc, wfcrc tfc wb`cs mrc amnc b` scabswcct m`n swcct stydcs.

@erte`m.l.m. Ky`tfbm`m, tfbs mtbvc Ybtbs mcstbvmdbs ormpc prenukcs

m iudd-henbcn, spbky rcn wb`c. @erte` bs tedcrm`t ei fuabnbty m`n

bs tfus wbncdy kudtbvmtcn b` Absseurb m`n Ybrob`bm, wbtf peklcts ei

pdm`tbòs b` tfc Abnwcst m`n cxms. Mdtfeuof bts m mtbvc spckbcs,

@erte`/Ky`tfbm m dmkls tfc ausly, iexy mream ei etfcr mtbvc

vmrbctbcs, m`n bs kmpmhdc ei amlbò fbof-qumdbty, nry rcn wb`cs.

Mdse7 Kmtmwhm (rcn).

Fyhrbn vmrbctbcsIrc`kf-Macrbkm` fyhrbns mrc oc`ctbk kresscs eiYbtbs vb`bicrm m`n

`mtbvc Macrbkm` spckbcs amnc hy Irc`kf hrccncrs. Aerc rckc`tdy,

Macrbkm` fyhrbns fmvc hcc` ncvcdepcn hy tfc S`bvcrsbty ei Ab``c-

setm m`n @cw Rerls Ker`cdd S`bvcrsbty, b`tc`ncn te fmvc m fbofcr

tedcrm`kc ier fmrsf wb`tcr ke`nbtbe`s tfm` Irc`kf-Macrbkm` fyhrbns.

_FB^C[

Hrbm``m^fbs rcdmtbvcdy cw (b`trenukcn b` 8::=), kedn-tedcrm`t

vmrbcty fms qubkldy hckeac m stm`neut wfbtc-wb`c ormpc b` tfc

Abnwcst, pmrtbkudmrdy b` Bewm, Ab``csetm, m`n @chrmslm. Hrbm``m

km` hc prenukcn b` eii-nry m`n scabswcct stydcs, m`n nbspdmys rbkf,

cxetbk pb`cmppdc, amòe, m`n pmpmym mvers tfmt mrc hmdm`kcn hy

hrbsl mkbnbty. Cxpckt aerc irbobn rcobe`s te cahrmkc Hrbm``m, ms

`cws ei bts petc`tbmd sprcmns.

(ke`tbùcn)

@erte`

@bmomrm


19/26

OXMZC YMXBC^BC[ OXE_@ B@ ^FC S@B^CN [^M^C[ (ke`tbùcn)

| MACXBKM@ _B@CAMLB@O KEAC[ EI MOC6

Dm Krcskc`tZrenukbò wfbtc wb`cs rcab`bskc`t ei ermd

Xbcsdbòs, tfbs vb`bicrm fyhrbn wms hrcn mt tfc S`bvcrsbty ei

Ab``csetm te wbtfstm`n -;3I wb`tcr tcapcrmturcs, m`n bs m

pepudmr kfebkc ier orewcrs b` tfc irbobn Abnwcst m`n Orcmt Dmlcs

rcobe`s.

[cyvmd^fbs Irc`kf-Macrbkm fyhrbn prenukcs nry m`n scabnry,

acnbua-henbcn wfbtcs tfmt km` fmvc m` fcrhmd mkkc`t. Bts m

pepudmr ormpc b` @cw Rerl m`n Absseurb.

^rmab`cttcM wfbtc vmrbcty hrcn te wbtfstm`n fmrsf wb`tcrs,

^rmab`cttc fms tfc ermd m`n spbkc kfmrmktcr ei e`c ei bts pmrc`ts,

Ocwrztrmab`cr. Bt fms hckeac e`c ei Abkfbom s hcst wfbtc-wb`c

vmrbctbcs, m`n B`nbm`m prenukcrs krcmtcn m ^ry e` rmab`cttc

kmapmbo` te preaetc tfc wb`c te ke`suacrs.

Ybnmd Hdm`kM kedn-fmrny Irc`kf-Macrbkm` fyhrbn, bt amlcs

iudd-henbcn, irubty, m`n ermd wfbtcs, m`n bs mdse cxkcddc`t ier bkc

wb`c. @cw Rerls Ibòcr Dmlcs rcobe` bs tfc fuh ier Ybnmd Hdm`k

prenuktbe`, wbtf samdd veduacs mdse prenukcn b` Absseurb, Efbe,

m`n Zc``sydvm`bm.

Yboèdcs^fbs kedn-fmrny Irc`kf-Macrbkm` fyhrbn bs sbabdmr te

Ybnmd Hdm`k b` bts kfmrmktcr m`n orewbò rcobe`s.

XCN[

Kfmaheurkb`^fbs Irc`kf-Macrbkm` fyhrbn prenukcs wb`cs wbtf

hrboft rcn-irubt mvers, fcrhmkceus mreams, ra tm``b`s, m`n krbsp

mkbnbty. _fbdc bt necs`t tedcrmtc tfc fmrsf wb`tcr tcapcrmturcs

ei tfc Orcmt Dmlcs rcobe`, bt bs cspckbmddy subtcn te tfc dcss-

kfmddcòb o kdbamtcs ei Bddbèbs, B`nbm`m, Efbe, m`n Zc``sydvm`bm.

Ire`tc`mk^fbs S`bvcrsbty ei Ab``csetm fyhrbn amlcs rehust

rcn wb`cs wbtf pmdmtc-rcircsfbò mkbnbty. fc vb`cs wbtfstm`n-;:I tcapcrmturcs b` wb`tcr m`n cacroc b` sprbò te puap eut

ormpcs wbtf dbvcdy kfcrry m`n hcrry kfmrmktcr. Ire`tc`mk fms qubkldy

hckeac m supcrstmr ormpc b` tfc Abnwcst m`n @cw Còdm`n.

Amrckfmd IekfM nmrl-slb``cn Irc`kf-Macrbkm` fyhrbn, Iekf

amlcs acnbua-henbcn wb`cs wbtf hdmkl kfcrry mvers, m`n mdse

mveriud ress. Zepudmr wbtf Abnwcst wb`camlcrs, bt km` fm`ndc

kedn wb`tcrs, yct bs`t ms kedn-fmrny ms Ire`tc`mk m`n Amrqucttc.

AmrqucttcZepudmr wbtf orewcrs b` tfc Abnwcst m`n @cw

Còdm`n, tfbs fyhrbn bs sbabdmr te Ire`tc`mk.

Mdse7 _FB^CHdm`k nu Hebs, Hrbm``m, Kmyuom _fbtc, Kfmrne`cd,

Cncdwcbss, Dm Kressc, Acdeny, [t. Zcpb`, [tevcr, Ymdvb` Auskmt::

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Zertdm`n

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@cw Rerl

Kdcvcdm`n

Kb`kb``mtb

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[cmttdc

@cw Erdcm`s

Nmddms

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Eldmfeam Kbty

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B`nbm`mpedbs

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[mdca

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Mustb`

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^rc`te`

M``mpedbs

_msfbòte`,N.K.

Ab``cmpedbs

Kmrse` Kbty

Zfec`bx

Feèdudu

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Nc`vcr

[m`tm Ic

Zbcrrc

Fcdc`m

Hebsc

Hbsamrkl

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[prbòibcdnIrm`liert Xbkfae`n

Xmdcbof

Fmrrbshuro

^mddmfmsscc

Gmklse`

DbttdcXekl

Keduahbm

Gciicrse`Kbty

Heste`

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Nevcr

Fmrtiern

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ACVBKE

Keu`try heu`nmry

[tmtc heu`nmry

[tmtc kmpbtmd

Mkrcs ei vb`cymrn pcr stmtc

@uahcr ei wb`crbcs pcr stmtc, 8:=8

=,8::

=:

Zfec`bx

=78>,:::,:::

8::

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Abdcs :

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@

MACXBKM@ _B@CAMLB@O KEAC[ EI MOC | =

tfc hcst kde`cs ier tfcbr orewbò ke`nbtbe`s, m`n wb`camlcrs km`

twcml qumdbty m`n b`krcmsc keapdcxbty b` tfcbr wb`cs.

Fewcvcr, tfcrc bs d bttdc neuht tfmt ke`trmhm`n kuttbòs

fcdpcn cstmhdbsf seac ei Macrbkms orcmtcst vb`cymrns. ^mdcsmrc rbic ei vb`t`crs tuklbò vb`c kuttbòs irea Herncmux m`n

Hurou`ny b`te tfcbr hexcr sferts er subtkmscs m`n hrbòbò

tfca b`te tfc S`btcn [tmtcs bddcomddy, kbrkuavc`tbò vc-ycmr

qumrm`tb`cs e` iercbo` pdm`t amtcrbmd, b` pdmkc te prcvc`t tfc

b`trenuktbe` ei nbscmscn vb`cs m`n etfcr pdm`ts b`te tfc

keu`try. ([ukf bddbkbt ciierts mrc dmrocdy bapessbhdc tenmy

hckmusc ei tfc b`tc`sc skrutb`y pmsscòcrs m`n tfcbr hmos

oct mt mbrperts.)

Ackfm`bkmd fmrvcstbò, pru`bò, m`n kmèpy am`mocac`t

fmvc hcc` b`trenukcn b` mrcms wfcrc fm`ns-e` dmher bs u`mvmbd-mhdc er u`miiernmhdc. Ybtbkudturbsts ke`tbùc te dcmr` aerc

mheut few aukf wmtcr tfcbr vb`cs `ccn, m`n wfc` tfcy `ccn bt.

Xcscmrkf bs eòebò b` sukf mrcms ms trcddbsbò m`n kmèpy

am`mocac`t, krep demn, pru`bò, m`n kevcr krep retmtbe`s, mdd

pmrt ei few vb`cymrn prmktbkcs mrc ke`stm`tdy hcbò mnmptcn te

baprevc wb`c qumdbty.

M`n aeac`tua bs hubdnbò ier tfc prmktbkc ei sustmb`mhdc

wb`corewbò, wfbkf b kduncs erom`bk m`n hbeny`mabk actfens.

Hy rcpdmkbò sy`tfctbk pcstbkbncs, fcrhbkbncs, m`n icrtbdbzcrs wbtf

`mturmd mdtcr`mtbvcs, orewcrs m`n vb`t`crs mrc hcbò lb`ncr te tfc

S`btcn [tmtcs ei Macrbkm^fc amp sfews tfc rcdmtbvc cxtc`t ei ormpc orewbò m`n

wb`c prenuktbe` ms ei 8:=8. Yb`cymrn mkrcmoc bs obvc` ier

stmtcs wbtf sbo`bkm`t pdm`tbòs.

@cw Rerl [tmtc Bkc _b`c

Irbobn wcmtfcr ke`nbtbe`s b` upstmtc @cw Rerl b` dmtc imdd mddew Dce`mrn Emlcs Cstmtc

_b`cry, b` tfc @bmomrm Cskmrpac`t MYM, te fmrvcst Ybnmd Hdm`k mitcr tfc ormpcs fmvc

irezc` e` tfc vb`cs. fc irezc` ormpcs wbdd hc prcsscn te amlc bkc wb`c.


23/26

| MACXBKM@ _B@CAMLB@O KEAC[ EI MOC=8

dm`n m`n tfcbr `cbofhers. [eac mrc crcktbò ewd hexcs m`n

rmpter pcrkfcs te fest b`sckt- m`n oepfcr-fuòry hbrns. Kevcr

kreps prcvc`t sebd cresbe` m`n fest hc`ckbmd b`sckts. [fccp

ormzbò e` wccns hctwcc` vb`c rews cdbab`mtc tfc `ccn ier

kfcabkmd fcrhbkbncs. Keapest rcpdmkcs fmrsf icrtbdbzcrs. _fbdc

tfc kdbamtc b` seac rcobe`s dbabts orewcrs b` tfcbr rcspe`sc teiuòmd nbscmsc, tfc trc`n mkress tfc keu`try bs te fmvc ms dbttdc

kfcabkmd bapmkt e` tfc dm`n ms pessbhdc.

Hy imr tfc aest dmunmhdc ncvcdepac`t bs tfc mklèwdcnoac t

hy orewcrs m`n wb`camlcrs tfmt kcrtmb` ormpc vmrbctbcs ne wcdd

b` seac pdmkcs hut mrc u`subtcn te etfcrs. Cvcrye`c wm`ts te

prenukc Kmhcr`ct [muvboè` m`n/er Zbèt @ebr, Irm`kcs aest

bapertm`t wb`cs, hut icw rcobe`s fcrc fmvc tfc sebd m`n kdbamtc

te suppert tfcsc ormpcs. Am`y fmvc dcmr`cn tfbs tfc fmrn wmy

pcrkc`t mhv er dcss, ^^H mddews tfc pcrkc`tmoc stmtcn te vmry hy ms

aukf ms =.3 pcrkc`t irea tfc mktumd mdkefed ke`tc`t. ^fus, m wb`c

dmhcdcn Mdkefed =8.3 pcrkc`t hy veduac km` fmvc m` mktumd mdkefed

ke`tc`t ei ms dbttdc ms == pcrkc`t er ms aukf ms => pcrkc`t. _b`cs mt

=>.= pcrkc`t m`n mhevc fmvc m dmhcd tedcrm`kc ei = pcrkc`t.

Fewcvcr, e`kc m wb`c rcmkfcs =>.= pcrkc`t mktumd mdkefed, tfc dmhcd

vmrbm`kc km` e`dy oe up< bt km`èt oe new`. ^fmt acm`s tfmt m wb`c

wbtf =>.3 pcrkc`t mhv km`èt hc dmhcdcn =;.3 pcrkc`t, hut bt km`

mktumddy hc ms fbof ms =3.3 pcrkc`t.

B` 8::=, ^^H hcom` tfc dcòtfy prekcss ei upnmtbò btsrudcamlbò rcomrnbò mpprevcn wb`c ormpc vmrbctmd `macs ier

S.[. wb`cs. Mt tfc tbac, ity-vc vmrbctbcs wcrc mpprevcn ier

usc e` dmhcds< am`y etfcrs wbdd dblcdy hc mnncn ms prenukcrs

cxpcrbac`t wbtf m orewbò ùahcr ei ormpc typcs b` m` mttcapt

te amtkf vmrbctbcs wbtf tfcbr sebd m`n kdbamtbk ke`nbtbe`s. _fe

weudn fmvc tfeuoft tc` ycmrs moe tfmt Kmdbier`bm weudn prenukc

Or`cr Ycdtdb`cr5

^^H fms mdse seuoft aerc prckbsc nc`btbe`s ier sukf tcras ms

Cstmtc Hettdcn, Xcscrvc, Hmrrcd [cdckt, m`n Edn Yb`c maeò

etfcrs, wfbkf fmvc trmnbtbe`mddy hcc` amrlctbò tcras wbtf dbttdc

dcomd kdeut. E`c orewcrs edn vb`cs amy hc e`dy tc` ycmrs edn

(tfeuof tfcy mrc edncr tfm` tfc vb`cs fc pdm`tcn vc ycmrs moe).

Bts cmsy te `n $> hettdcs ei wb`c wbtf Xcscrvc b` tfc hrm`n `mac,

amlbò tfc tcra acm`bòdcss. ^H fms krmklcn new` b` rckc`t

ycmrs e` tfc usc ei wb`c `macs herrewcn irea Curepcm` wb`c

rcobe`s. S.[. wb`camlcrs wfe wm`t te dmhcd tfcbr iertbcn rcn wb`cs

ms Zert km` è deòcr ne se u`dcss tfcy wcrc orm`nimtfcrcn b`

hcierc tfc cw rcoudmtbe` hckmac eikbmd. Hurou`ny, Kfmhdbs,

[fcrry, Kfmapmo`c, m`n etfcr tcras mrc prefbhbtcn irea usc

u`dcss wb`crbcs fmvc m deò fbstery ei usbò tfcsc tcras. Lerhcds

Kmdbier`bm Kfmapmo c wbdd ke`tbùc te dbvc m deò dbic, cvc`

tfeuof è wb`c ke`èbsscur weudn cvcr keìusc Lerhcd wbtf Lruo.

[b`kc =26?, Ke`tmb`s [udtcs dmhcds fmvc hcc` rcqubrcn e`

mdkefedbk hcvcrmocs ke`tmb`bò mt dcmst =: pmrts pcr abddbe` ei

sudtcs, wfbkf mrc uscn ms prcscrvmtbvcs. B` =262, tfc oevcràc`t

hcom` rcqubrbò mdd wb`c hettdcs te b`kdunc tfbs stmtcac`t, b`

kmpbtmd dcttcrs7

OEYCX@AC@^ _MX@B@O7

(=) MKKEXNB@O E FC [SXOCE@ OC@CXMD, _EAC@ [FESDN

@E^ NXB@L MDKEFEDBK HCYCXMOC[ NSXB@O ZXCO@M@KR HCKMS[C

EI ^FC XB[L EI HBX^F NCICK^[.

(8) KE@[SAZ^BE@ EI MDKEFEDBK HCYCXMOC[ BAZMBX[ RESX

MHBDB^R Ê NXBYC M KMX EX EZCXM^C AMKFB@CXR, M@N AMR KMS[C

FCMD^F ZXEHDCA[.

^fcrc bs tmdl wbtfb` tfc S.[. Ieen m`n Nruo Mnab`bstrmtbe` tfmt

wb`cs sfeudn fmvc twe mnnbtbe`md dmhcds hcye`n wfmt bs mdrcmny

rcqubrcn7 ier bòrcnbc`ts (ycmst, coo wfbtcs uscn ier `bò, ctk.) m`n

ùtrbtbe`md ke`tc`t (kmderbcs, kmrhefynrmtcs, ctk.), se tfmt

ke`suacrs lèw cxmktdy wfmt tfcyrc octtbò. Ycom`s m`n tfesc

wbtf kcrtmb` mddcrobcs aboft wm`t te lèw bi coo wfbtcs er bsbòdmss

(sf hdmnncr) wcrc uscn te dtcr m wb`c, ier cxmapdc.

[ukf rcoudmtbe`s fmvc èt yct hcc` put b`te pdmkc, hut b` 8::2,

rc`comnc Xm`nmdd Ormfa, preprbcter ei He``y Nee` Yb`cymrn b` tfc

[m`tm Kruz Aeu`tmb`s ei Kmdbier`bm, hcom` dbstbò tfc bòrcnbc`ts ei

fbs wb`cs e` tfc hmkl dmhcds. Ormfa mdse nctmbds tfc maeu`t ei

sudiur nbexbnc ([E8) uscn mt hettdbò ier ke`suacrs ke`kcr`cn

mheut bts usc. ^fcsc mrc èhdc ocsturcs te hc surc, hut Ormfa bs mdse

twcmlbò tfc èscs ei tfesc wfe sct wb`c dmhcd pedbky, hy prevbnbò

bìeramtbe` vedu`tmrbdy hcierc tfc oevcràc`t tcdds fba fc aust.

M fm`niud ei etfcr prenukcrs fmvc ieddewcn fbs dcmn, maeò tfca

[fb`` Cstmtc e` Deò Bsdm`n.

He``y Nee` dmhcd

Zreprbcter Xm`nmdd Ormfa b`kduncs mapdc bìeramtbe` e` fbs dmhcds,

spckbiybò et e`dy tfc pdm`ct tfc ormpcs wcrc orew` e` hut mdse

tckf`bkmd bìeramtbe`, sukf ms cxmkt wb`camlbò bòrcnbc`ts, tfmt

aest etfcr wb`crbcs ne`t prevbnc.


25/26

| MACXBKM@ _B@CAMLB@O KEAC[ EI MOC=>

[ukf runbac`tmry tckf`bqucs mrc deò oe`c, rcpdmkcn hy

actfens tfmt mppdy skbc`kc m`n tckfèdeoy te tfc vbèus obits

`mturc prevbncs. Mae o rckc`t trc`ns7 _fbtc ormpcs mrc è

deòcr krusfcn, tfcyrc oc`tdy prcsscn (seac rcn ormpcs mrc tee)

se tfmt tfc slb`s m`n sccns bapmrt ms dbttdc fmrsf`css ms pessbhdc.

Hcierc tfc ormpcs rcmkf tfc prcss er krusfcr, tfcy mrc actbku-deusdy sertcn, ackfm`bkmddy m`n/er hy fm`n, te rcaevc u`rbpc

hcrrbcs m`n sfrbvcdcn rmbsb`s.

E`kc tfc ormpcs mrc krusfcn er prcsscn, tfc rcsudtbò ormpc

aust bs bèkudmtcn wbtf spckbmd ycmsts er mddewcn te icrac`t e` bts

ew` wbtf tfc mtbvc ycmsts prcsc`t e` tfc ormpcs m`n b` tfc wb`cry.

^feuof rcn wb`cs acm`t ier de o-tcra kcddmrb o `ccn tm``bk

strukturc, tfc tm``b`s sfeudn hc b`tcormtcn wbtf tfc b`tc`sbty ei

tfc irubt m`n tfc `mturmd mkbnbty b` tfc ormpcs. ^fc tm``b` dcvcd km`

hc ke`treddcn hy mngustbò cdcac`ts ei tfc amkcrmtbe`semlbò

tfc gubkc wbtf tfc slb`s m`n seactbacs stcas hcierc m`n/er mitcr

icrac`tmtbe`. B` seac rcobe`s, bts dcomd te mnn mkbn nurbò

wb`camlbò< b` etfcrs, bts prefbhbtcn. ^fc smac bs truc ier tfc

tckf`bquc ei mnnbò suomr nurbò icrac`tmtbe`, kmddcn kfmptmdbzm-

tbe`, wfbkf km` b`krcmsc m wb`cs mdkefed ke`tc`t m`n heny. B`

Kmdbier`bm, bts bddcomd< b` Ercoe`, bts mkkcptmhdc.

Irc`kf eml hmrrcds ier tfc icrac`tmtbe` m`n mobò ei wb`c,

wfbkf kest upwmrn ei $=,::: cmkf ncpc nbò e` tfc cxkfmòc

rmtc, mrc imhudeus ier kcrtmb` wb`cs, obvbò tfca temst m`n vm`bddm

mreams m`n mvers m`n dmycrcn tcxturc. Macrbkm` eml hmrrcds

irea Absseurb, Ab``csetm, m`n etfcr stmtcs kest fmdi ms aukf

m`n mrc usciud ier wb`cs ier wfbkf tfc wb`camlcr ncsbrcs

streòcr kfmrmktcrbstbks, sukf ms nbdd er kekeùt. B``cr stmvcs,

kfbps, tcm hmos, m`n etfcr eml prenukts mrc mvmbdmhdc te tfescwfe km`t miiern eml hmrrcds er wfe amlc b`cxpc`sbvc wb`cs ier

wfbkf hmrrcds mrc eut ei tfc `m`kbmd qucstbe`.

Abkre-exyoc mtbe` (huhhdbò mbr b`te wb`c) bs m trbkl te

trm`siera fbof-tm``b` wb`cs b`te seitcr, aerc mkkcssbhdc e`cs

tfmt km` hc c`geycn tfc nmy tfcyrc purkfmscn. Ibdtrmtbe`,

rcvcrsc esaesbs, m`n spb``bò-ke`c tckfèdeoy km` dewcr tfc

mdkefed ke`tc`t b` wb`cs, rcaevc wbdnrc saelc tmb`t, m`n

rcnukc vedmtbdc mkbnbty.

Rct ier mdd tfbs `cw tckf edeoy, tfc aest mkkeapdbsfcn

wb`camlcrs prcicr te usc ms dbttdc ei bt ms pessbhdc. Hy seurkbò

fbof-qumdbty ormpcs, pbklbò tfca mt bncmd rbpc`css, fm`ndbò

tfca kmrciuddy, icrac`tbò m`n/er mobò tfc wb`c b` tfc mppre-prbmtc vcsscds (eitc` wbtf mahbc`t, rmtfcr tfm` keaacrkbmd,

ycmsts), m`n lccpbò m ke`stm`t wmtkf b` tfc kcddmr, tfcy smvc

ae`cym`n krcmtc m `cr, aerc mturmd wb`c.

Eur Devc Miimbr wbtf _b`cMacrbkm fms hckeac m `mtbe` ei wb`c nrb`lcrs. B` 8:==, bt

aevcn mfcmn ei Btmdy m`n Irm`kc te hckeac tfc @e. = wb`c-

ke`suabò keu`try, purkfmsbò ;==.; abddbe` =8-hettdc kmscs

(tfc cqubvmdc`t ei ;.?;3 hbddbe` hettdcs) tfmt ycmr, mkkernbò te m

rcpert irea Yb`Cxpe/B`tcr`mtbe`md _b`c & [pbrbt Xcscmrkf.

^fc rcpert mdse prcnbktcn tfmt S.[. wb`c ke`suaptbe` weudn

b`krcmsc =: pcrkc`t hctwcc` 8:== m`n 8:=3.

B` tfc dmst twe nckmncs er se, wb`c fms aevcn irea tfc

irbòcs ei Macrbkm` kudturctfc nrb`l ei cdbtcs m`n baab-

orm`tste tfc kc`tcr ei tfc tmhdc. Hcttcr amrlctbò m`n wbncrmvmbdmhbdbty fms seactfbò te ne wbtf bt7 Odehmdbzmtbe` fms hcc`

m irbc`n te tfc ieen m`n wb`c b`nustry, wfcttbò Macrbkm`

mppctbtcs ier `cw tmstcs. Hut se necs baprevcac`t b`

Macrbkm` wb`camlbò. B` mnnbt be`, nbskeu`t rctmbdcrs fmvc

cxpm`ncn tfcbr scdcktbe`s, amlbò `c wb`c wbtfb` rcmkf ei

aerc pcepdc, m`n fu`nrcns ei B`tcr`ct wb`c hdeoocrs fmvc

sprcmn tfcbr lèwdcnoc m`n pmssbe`.

^fc S`btcn [tmtcs fms mdse hckeac m `mtbe` ei wb`c-

amlcrstfc werdns ieurtf-dmrocst wb`c prenukcr, trmbdbò

e`dy Irm`kc, Btmdy, m`n [pmb`. Kmdbier`bm wms e`kc tfc e`dy stmtc

b` tfc omac, hut b` 8::8, Zeb`tc ei Ybcw _b`cry wms cstmh-

dbsfcn b` @ertf Nmletm, bts rst keaacrkbmd wb`cry, amlbò

tfmt stmtc tfc itbctf te kdbah mhemrn tfc keu`trys imst-aevbò

wb`c prenuktbe` trmb`. Mkkernbò te _b`csYb`csNM^M, tfcrc

wcrc ?,;>3 wb`crbcs b` Macrbkm b` 8:=8, m` b`krcmsc ei >3:

irea tfc prcvbeus ycmr< b` =2?:, gust >>: wb`crbcs krusfcn

ormpcs b` tfbs keu`try.

Zrenuktbe` fms semrcn b` rcobe`s eutsbnc tfc trmnbtbe`md

Kmdbier`bm-Ercoe`-_msfbòte` trbuavbrmtc, tfm`ls b` pmrt

te tfc mvmbdmhbdbty ei fyhrbn ormpc vmrbctbcs ncvcdepcn te

wbtfstm`n kedn tcapcrmturcs, fuabn ke`nbtbe`s, m`n/er kcr tmb`

pdm`t nbscmscs m`n pcsts. Cvcry ycmr, cw wb`corewbò mrcms

mrc hcbò nbskevcrcn hy vb`cymrnbsts m`n wb`camlcrs wfeu`ncrstm`n tfmt pdm`tbò spckbk vmrbctbcs b` spckbk pdmkcs

km` dcmn te qumdbty wb`cs. Reuò amvcrbkl wb`camlcrs wbtfeut

nccp peklcts km` c`tcr tfc husb`css hy purkfmsbò ormpcs

m`n prekcssbò tfca mt kustea-krusf wb`crbcs er ke-eps,

wfcrc tfcy km` dcmsc spmkc m`n cqubpac`t. [ukf imkbdbtbcs

fmvc mdse obvc` rbsc te samdd-skmdc wb`crbcs dekmtcn b` tfc

kc`tcrs ei hbo kbtbcs.

@mtbe`mddy, scvcrmd amger wb`c m`n ieen icstbvmds nrmw

tfeusm`ns ei wb`c m`n ieen devcrs te tmstbòs, scab`mrs,

m`n wb`camlcr nb``crsmaeò tfca tfc Ieen & _b`c

Kdmssbk b` Mspc`, Kedermne< tfc [u` Ymddcy Kc`tcr ier tfc

Mrts _b`c Muktbe` b` Bnmfe< m`n tfc @mpdcs (Iderbnm)_b`tcr _b`c Icstbvmd.

_b`c teurbsa bs heeabò, m`n èt gust b` @mpm, [eèam,

_bddmacttc Ymddcy, m`n _mddm _mddm. _b`crbcs tfreuofeut tfc

S`btcn [tmtcs nrmw vbsbters ier tfc kfm`kc te tmstc tfcbr wb`cs,

ms wcdd ms ier vb`cymrn m`n kcddmr teurs.

Bapertm`t kfmòcs b` tfc dmw fmvc mdse amnc huybò wb`c

cmsbcr. M oreu`nhrcmlbò S.[. [uprcac Keurt nckbsbe` b`

8::3, Orm`feda v. Fcmdn, strukl new` dmws b` Abkfbom` m`n

@cw Rerl [tmtc tfmt amnc bt m krbac ier eut-ei-stmtc prenuk-

crs te sfbp wb`c te ke`suacrs b` tfesc twe stmtcs wfbdc


26/26

M @E^C E@ ESX [@MZ[FE^[

pcrabttbò b`-stmtc wb`crbcs te sfbp te dekmds. ^fc Keurt rudcn

tfmt sukf nbskrbab`mtbe` vbedmtcn tfc S.[. Keaacrkc Kdmusc,

wfbkf scrvcs te c`surc m dcvcd pdmybò cdn ier husb`csscstfreuofeut tfc keu`try. Hut tfc Keurt nbn`t c`nersc nbrckt

sfbppbò pcr sc< bt acrcdy smbn tfmt stmtcs fmn te trcmt b`- m`n

eut-ei-stmtc prenukcrs tfc smac wmy wfc` bt keacs te sfbppbò

wb`cs te ke`suacrs. Ms m rcsudt, m icw stmtcs tfmt prcvbeusdy

mddewcn tfcbr ew` wb`crbcs te sfbp te stmtc rcsbnc`ts fmvc hm``cn

sukf ncdbvcrbcs mdteoctfcr, wfbdc etfcrs epc`cn tfc eenomtcs te

wb`c sfbpac`ts.

enmy aest stmtcs mddew mt dcmst seac sfbppbò ei wb`c irea

prenukcr te ke`suacr, tfcrchy hypmssbò wfedcsmdcrs m`n

rctmbdcrs, mdtfeuof seac fmvc rcstrbktbe`s, rcqubrc spckbmd pcrabts,

m`n/er kfmroc iccs te wb`crbcs m`n tfesc wfe erncr irea tfca.

B` 8:=8, scvc` stmtcs fmn eutrboft hm`s e` sfbppbò wb`c m`netfcr mdkefedbk hcvcrmocs7 Mdmhmam, Mrlm`sms, Abssbssbppb,

Eldmfeam, Zc``sydvm`bm, [eutf Nmletm, m`n Stmf.

^fc dmw b` tfbs mrcm rcamb`s m aevbò tmroct, hut b` aest

stmtcs, ke`suacrs km` èw purkfmsc S.[. wb`c e`db`c m`n fmvc bt

ncdbvcrcn te tfcbr neer, kbrkuavc`tbò tfc pest-Zrefbhbtbe`

aencd ei tfc tfrcc-tbcr systca, wfbkf rcqubrcs prenukcrs te

scdd tfcbr mdkefedbk hcvcrmocs te wfedcsmdcrs, wfe scdd te rctmbd-

crs/rcstmurmtcurs, wfe scdd te ke`suacrs.

etfcr stmtcs m`n mreu`n tfc werdn. _btf dekmd m`n mrtbsm`md

tfc kmtkfwerns ei m rbsbò kudturmd aevcac`t, tfc heea b` S.[.

wb`c prenuktbe` b`krcmsbòdy eiicrs seactfbò ier cvcrye`c, irea

keddckters ei tfc fbofcst-predc hettdbòs te vbsbters wfe wm t te

smapdc tfc spckbmdtbcs ei m rcobe` m`n dcmr` aerc mheut wb`c.

^freuofeut tfc heel [`mpsfet hexcs prcsc`t kmpsudc bìeramtbe`

mheut amger wb`corewbò rcobe`s. MYMs m`n ourcs ier vb`cymrn

mkrcmoc m`n wb`crbcs rcckt b`nustry bìeramtbe` mt tfc tbac

tfbs heel wc`t te prcss. _fcrc stmtcs ne èt scpmrmtc wb`c ormpc

mkrcmoc irea tmhdc m`n gubkc-ormpc mkrcmoc, tfbs bs ètcn. B`

rcobe`s wbtf dew vb`cymrn mkrcmoc m`n/er icw wb`crbcs, [`mpsfet

kmtcoerbcs amy vmry ier prmktbkmd rcmse`s.

Aest-pdm`tcn vmrbctbcs mrc dbstcn b` ncskc`nbò erncr ei

mkrcmoc< wfcrc mppreprbmtc, hcst vmrbctbcs mrc sbòdcn eut.

Ier aest rcobe`s, wc fmvc scdcktcn lcy wb`crbcs b` tfc

kmtcoerbcs ^rmbdhdmzcrs (fbsterbk/cmrdy wb`crbcs b` tfc rcobe`),

[tcmny fm`ns (ke`sbstc`tdy rcdbmhdc), [upcrstmrs (seac ei tfcaest seuoft-mitcr `macs), m`n E`c te wmtkf (up-m`n-keabò,

`cw, er pmrtbkudmrdy b`èvmtbvc prenukcrs). @et mdd [`mpsfets

fmvc cxmapdcs b` mdd ieur kmtcoerbcs.

M` cvedvbò mspckt ei wb`camlbò b` tfc S`btcn [tmtcs bs

tfc cstmhdbsfac`t ei MYMs, wfbkf rckeo`bzc wb`c rcobe`s ier

tfcbr spckbk sebds, kdbamtcs, cdcvmtbe`s, cxpesurcs, m`n fbsterbcs.

Ms tfbs heel wc`t te prcss, scvcrmd MYM pctbtbe`s dcn wbtf tfc

Mdkefed m`n êhmkke ^mx m`n ^rmnc Hurcmu (^^H) wcrc pc`nbò

Documents

American Wine: The Ultimate Companion to the Wines and Wineries of the United Statesby Jancis Robinson and Linda Murphy