AMA 180 - Anatomy & AMA 180 - Anatomy & Physiology/Medical Physiology/Medical

Terminology/Pathology 11 Terminology/Pathology 11 Blood & Lymphatic SystemBlood & Lymphatic System

Function of the Blood:Function of the Blood: Maintains a constant environment for living tissues in Maintains a constant environment for living tissues in

the body. the body.

Transports nutrients, gases (e.g. oxygen and carbon Transports nutrients, gases (e.g. oxygen and carbon dioxide) and wastes to and from the cells. dioxide) and wastes to and from the cells.

Transports hormones from glands to distant sites to Transports hormones from glands to distant sites to regulate growth, reproduction and energy production. regulate growth, reproduction and energy production.

Contains proteins, white blood cells and antibodies to Contains proteins, white blood cells and antibodies to fight infection, and platelets (fight infection, and platelets (thrombocytesthrombocytes) to help ) to help with clotting. with clotting.

Composition and Formation of Composition and Formation of Blood:Blood:

Cells: Cells: formed elements; blood cells originate in the bone formed elements; blood cells originate in the bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cells) and change size and marrow (hematopoietic stem cells) and change size and shape to become specialized (differentiated).shape to become specialized (differentiated).

Plasma: Plasma: liquid portion of the blood when circulating in the liquid portion of the blood when circulating in the body; carries blood cells through the circulatory system. body; carries blood cells through the circulatory system. Composed of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, Composed of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones, etc.hormones, etc.

Erythrocytes: Erythrocytes: red blood cells that contain hemoglobin red blood cells that contain hemoglobin (protein) that enable them to carry oxygen. (protein) that enable them to carry oxygen.

Leukocytes: Leukocytes: white blood cells come in 5 differentiations white blood cells come in 5 differentiations ((granulocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and granulocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and phagocytesphagocytes) to help fight off infection through the body’s ) to help fight off infection through the body’s immune response immune response and the creation of and the creation of antibodiesantibodies..

Thrombocytes: Thrombocytes: platelets; clotting cells that are formed in platelets; clotting cells that are formed in bone marrow from giant cells called bone marrow from giant cells called megakaryocytesmegakaryocytes. .

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic SystemFunction:Function:

Acts as a drainage system to transport, via Acts as a drainage system to transport, via the bloodstream, proteins and fluid that the bloodstream, proteins and fluid that have leaked into the have leaked into the interstitial fluidinterstitial fluid surrounding body cells. surrounding body cells.

Absorbs lipids from the small intestine.Absorbs lipids from the small intestine.

Creates antibodies. Creates antibodies.

LymphLymph is clear watery fluid that surrounds is clear watery fluid that surrounds cells.cells.

Structure of the Lymphatic Structure of the Lymphatic System:System:

Lymph capillaries: Lymph capillaries: tiny vessels that surround cells and carry lymph from tiny vessels that surround cells and carry lymph from tissues.tissues.

Lymph vessels: Lymph vessels: larger vessels that transport lymph to the thoracic cavity.larger vessels that transport lymph to the thoracic cavity.

Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes: collections of stationary lymph tissue that produce collections of stationary lymph tissue that produce lymphocytes and act as filters; contain lymphocytes and act as filters; contain macrophagesmacrophages, , B cellsB cells and and T cellsT cells that destroy foreign substances. that destroy foreign substances.

Right lymphatic duct: Right lymphatic duct: large duct in the upper chest that the lymph large duct in the upper chest that the lymph vessels empty into; drains the right side of the head and the chest. vessels empty into; drains the right side of the head and the chest.

Thoracic duct: Thoracic duct: large duct in the upper chest that the lymph vessels large duct in the upper chest that the lymph vessels empty into; drains the lower body and the left side of the head. empty into; drains the lower body and the left side of the head.

Large veins in the neck: Large veins in the neck: lymph is carried here from the ducts where it lymph is carried here from the ducts where it then enters the bloodstream.then enters the bloodstream.

Spleen: Spleen: composed of lymph tissue; destroys old blood cells, filters foreign composed of lymph tissue; destroys old blood cells, filters foreign substances from the blood, activates lymphocytes that produce antibodies substances from the blood, activates lymphocytes that produce antibodies and stores blood. and stores blood.

Thymus gland: Thymus gland: composed of lymph tissue; especially important during composed of lymph tissue; especially important during childhood and helps with the creation of antibodies and immune cells. childhood and helps with the creation of antibodies and immune cells.