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March 2017
Altice OTT Video Strategy
Altice Labs
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INDEX
PROPOSED STRATEGY
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
ANNEX A: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
ANNEX B: RELEVANT PLAYERS
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PROPOSED STRATEGY
VISION
PRESENTATION (UI)
CONTROL PLANE (CP)
MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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PROPOSED STRATEGY
VISION
PRESENTATION (UI)
CONTROL PLANE (CP)
MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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UNIVERSAL 4K CONTENT
• Linear TV
• Timeshift-TV
– Pause TV
– Restart TV & Catch-up TV
– PVR & NPVR
• Video On Demand
– S-VOD (Subscription VOD)
– T-VOD (Transaction VOD)
– EST-VOD (Electronic Sell Through VOD)
PROPOSED STRATEGY – VISION
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MULTI-TARGETING
• Multi-Device
• Multi-DRM
• Multi-Network
• Multi-Operator
PROPOSED STRATEGY – VISION
Illustration example: does not include all Altice operations
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SOFTWARE-DEFINED TV
• Centralized workflow management
• Cloud-based services
• Resources abstraction
• Distributed functions and storage
• Location abstraction
• Functions scalability
• Functions chaining
• Execution is key to success!
PROPOSED STRATEGY – VISION
8
KEY CHALLENGES
• Governance
– Who decides on inter-telco operational actions?
– Who coordinates efforts?
• Convergence
– Telcos must agree on a baseline architecture
– Interoperable using industry-standards
• Security & Privacy
– Ensuring secure & private inter-telco links
– Particularly relevant if content is not yet encrypted
PROPOSED STRATEGY – VISION
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COMPONENTS AND TIMELINE
PROPOSED STRATEGY – VISION
TODAY
2-YEARS
5-YEARS
Presentation
Media
Customers
Control
Contents
CDN
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PROPOSED STRATEGY
VISION
PRESENTATION (UI)
CONTROL PLANE (CP)
MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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OVERVIEW
• 2 Years Timeframe
– New Apps take advantage of convergent Media and Control Planes
• 5 Years Timeframe
– All Apps rely on convergent Media & Control Planes
• Key Advantages
– Know-how, development & innovation shared by all Altice OpCo's
PROPOSED STRATEGY – PRESENTATION (UI)
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PROPOSED STRATEGY
VISION
PRESENTATION (UI)
CONTROL PLANE (CP)
MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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KEY APIs
• Stream Control, Resolution & DRM Services
• Product Management: Channels & VODs
• Recordings Management
• Favorites & Bookmarks
• Recommendations
• Notifications
• Content Metadata Providers
• Diagnostics & Logging
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
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KEY APIs
• Subscriber Management
• Package Management
• Offer Management
• Grant Management
• Reporting Services
• Subscription Management
• Charging & Billing Services
• Advertisement
• Analytics
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
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• Control Plane highly dependent on Network devices & Media Plane
– Vendor lock-in is a problem
• Each telco has its own systems
• APIs expanded with additional logic and custom implementations
CHALLENGES
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
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CURRENT APIs
• Current MEO APIs
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
Stream Resolution & Control
DRM
MediaHub
Logs
Application Servers EPG
SSO Data
Services
RMS
User Experience Platforms | External Services
OSS / BSS
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2-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• High-level strategy
– Assess → Abstract → Converge → Migrate
• OpCo's agree on common Control APIs
• Goal: Increase decoupling & isolation of internal systems
– Don't use e.g. Mediaroom's APIs directly
• OpCo's define a migration path from current APIs
• Propose a Control-Plane Management Interface (CPMI)
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
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• Proposed model for operators
Control-Plane Management Interface (CPMI)
Stream Resolution & Control
DRM
MediaHub
Logs
Application Servers
EPG
SSO Data
RMS
2-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
UX Platforms | External Services UX Platforms | External Services
Control-Plane Management Interface (CPMI)
Service D Service C
Service A
Service I
Service B Service
H
Service F
Service G
Service E
OSS / BSS OSS / BSS
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5-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Expand CPMI to support multi-OpCo environments
• Expose common interface
• Gradually migrate existing systems
• Develop new client Apps solely with the new APIs
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
User Experience Platforms | External Services
OpCo-Specific APIs
Control-Plane Management Interface (CPMI) – Multi-Tenant
OpCo-Specific APIs
OpCo-Specific APIs
OpCo-Specific APIs
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5-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Leverage shared resources and control functions
• All services interact using CPMI interfaces
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
Control-Plane Management Interface (CPMI) – Multi-Tenant
Stream Resolution & Control
DRM
Notifications Logs
Reporting Billing
SSO Data
Grants
User Experience Platforms | External Services
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• Software-Defined TV
– SSO (SFR)
– DRM (Optimum)
– Stream Control (MEO)
– Data (Hot)
5-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
PROPOSED STRATEGY – CONTROL PLANE (CP)
DRM
SSO Stream Control
Data
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PROPOSED STRATEGY
VISION
PRESENTATION (UI)
CONTROL PLANE (CP)
MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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KEY OTT COMPONENTS
• Headend
• Ingest
• Media Storage
• DRM Servers
• Packager
• Origin
• CDN
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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CURRENT ARCHITECTURE (MEO)
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
LIVE MOBILE IOS/ANDROID
TIMESHIFT / CATCH-UP TV
ON-DEMAND
Headend
Ingest
Ingest
Ingest
Wo
wza
CD
VR
Origin
CDN
Storage
Encrypt
Encrypt
Encrypt
Origin
Origin
Packaging
Packaging
Packaging
Storage
Mcast
ABR
Mcast
ABR
Unicast
ABR
LIVE WEB / WINDOWS / WINDOWS PHONE
IIS
Origin Packaging
Envi
vio
Ingest Encrypt
ABR
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CURRENT ARCHITECTURE (MEO) – LIVE TV
• Dedicated Ingest Encoders
• All-in-one platforms
– Reduced flexibility – limited to integrated platform roadmap for all features
• Streaming
– HLS delivery with AES encryption (Android / Apple)
– HSS delivery with PlayReady DRM (Windows / Windows Phone)
• DRM
– Limited support for advanced DRM techniques, e.g. key & license rotation
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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CURRENT ARCHITECTURE (MEO) – VOD
• Dedicated Ingest Encoders
• Content is encrypted before storage
– Limits migration to other DRM technologies
– Storage/content is not reused for other subsystems
• Only supports HSS delivery with PlayReady encryption
– Requires costly 3rd party SDKs on Android & iOS
– Limited browser support – requires a deprecated Silverlight plugin
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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CURRENT ARCHITECTURE (MEO) – TIMESHIFT TV
• Dedicated Ingest
• Fully implemented by Ericsson’s VSPP solution
• Storage is used solely for this purpose
– Not reused with, for example, On-Demand content
• PlayReady SmoothStreaming streams and HLS AES streams
• Current version doesn’t support Widevine / FairPlay / CENC
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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CURRENT ARCHITECTURE (MEO) – TAKE AWAYS
• Ingest encoders are not reused! But should be!
• DRM encryption is performed in a case-by-case basis
– Does not support all desirable schemes (e.g.: Widevine, FairPlay, CENC)
• Storage is never reused between subsystems
– No statistical gains + inefficient usage + uncoordinated replication strategies
• Packagers and Origins are not reused
– Without transversal support for HLS, HSS & DASH
• Complex management & operations
– Security is also hard to ensure
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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2-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Segregation & Normalization of key functionalities
– Acquisition
• Headend / Ingest / Encoders
– Streaming
• Dynamic DRM Encryption and Packaging
– Media Storage
• Shared between On-Demand Catalog & CDVR / NPVR
– CDVR
• Coordinates live recording schedules
• Enable flexible and isolated improvements
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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2-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• High-level strategy:
– Assess → Abstract → Create Tools → Migrate
• Assessment of current Media-related APIs & systems
• Mutually agree on common high level architecture
• Proposal of Media-Plane Management Interface (MPMI)
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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2-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Normalized model
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
Headend
Ingest
ACQUISITION
STREAMING
CDN
Encrypt
Origin
Packaging
HLS / HSS / DASH (AES / PR / FP / CENC)
DELIVERY
Storage
CDVR & MEDIA STORAGE
CDVR
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5-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Create management systems on top of MPMI
– Multi-OpCo
– Using features & resources as building blocks
– Graphical workflow (step-by-step) visualization
• Interoperability
– Mix & match operators’ resources (e.g. central media storage in MEO)
• Fast service deployments
– Deliver first, optimize later
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
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5-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Software-Defined TV – Example
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
Headend
Ingest
ACQUISITION
STREAMING
CDN
Encrypt
Origin
Packaging
HLS / HSS / DASH (AES / PR / FP / CENC)
DELIVERY
Storage
CDVR & MEDIA STORAGE
CDVR
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5-YEARS TIMEFRAME STRATEGY
• Software-Defined TV – Examples
– Live
– VOD
PROPOSED STRATEGY – MEDIA PLANE (MP)
H eadend
Inges t
CDN
Encrypt
Origin
Packaging
HLS / HSS / DASH ( AES / PR / FP / CENC)
Storage
CDVR
H eadend
Ingest
CDN
Encrypt
Origin
Packaging
HLS / HSS / DASH ( AES / PR / FP / CENC)
Storage
CDVR
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LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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MOTIVATION
• Can modern networks withstand all IPTV traffic in unicast ?
• Is multicast still an essential enabler ?
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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MOTIVATION – TRAFFIC MIX EVOLUTION
• Dramatic increase in IPTV unicast traffic – Driven by On-Demand services - mostly Catch-up TV
– 3.5x increase in peak unicast IPTV bandwidth
– 13x increase total unicast IPTV traffic
– Unicast IPTV traffic (444 Gbps) ~= Internet traffic (500 Gbps)
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Peak IPTV Unicast Bandwidth Evolution (MEO) Monthly IPTV Unicast Traffic Evolution (MEO)
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MYTHS AND REALITIES
• “Unicast is cheaper than Multicast”
– Multicast is usually available on all carrier-grade routers
• However, it requires extra operational efforts and skills
– Unicast requires additional hardware (proxy-caches)
• “Netflix does it well with Unicast”
– Netflix does it only for VOD content
– The real challenge is live content
• E.g. VOD content may be prefetched and live cannot.
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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KEY ASSUMPTIONS
• Multicast:
– UDP delivery: requires reliable-UDP (rUDP) implementations
– Requires Fast-Channel-Change system (FCC)
– Uses Single Bitrate Streams (SBR)
• Unicast:
– TCP delivery
– Uses HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streams (ABR)
– Will require Proxy-Cache solutions
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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MULTICAST ADVANTAGES
• Network-efficient
• Fully distributed – native scalability
– e.g. MEO input 610Mbps ; peak output 2.5Tbps
• Easier stream redundancy exploitation
• Better link utilization – uses UDP
• Smooths traffic profiles – significant peak-bandwidth reduction
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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MULTICAST DISADVANTAGES
• Without FCC system, channel change time similar to cable solutions
• Does not work properly with Wi-Fi
• Additional network setup / management work
– And team know-how
– Hard to debug when things go wrong
• Some unicast services will always exist regardless of multicast
– Timeshift TV; NPVR; VOD; …
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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UNICAST ADVANTAGES
• Network agnostic
– Any access technology
– Any ISP
• Single source streaming for all services and devices
– E.g. same timeshift TV source for Mobile, PC and STBs.
• Simplified stream handling at client terminals
– E.g. switch from live TV to timeshift TV
• Works properly on Wi-Fi networks
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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UNICAST DISADVANTAGES
• Reduced network efficiency in live TV
– Does not explore native hardware scalability
• IP multicast is naturally a broadcast medium
– Uses TCP and has higher bandwidth peaks
• Increased stream delay
– Essentially due to ABR protocols & video players
– Nuisance in time-sensitive events such as football/soccer
• Requires distributed proxy-caches
– Which must be bought and managed
– Less durable than routing gear
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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UNICAST CHALLENGES
• How to handle large live events - e.g. WorldCup final ?
– Everybody changes channel at the same time (break-time)
• Massive synchronous load on control-plane
• Requires asynchronous Conditional Access Systems (CAS)
• Infrastructure must be sized for “one-off” events and spend most time significantly underutilized
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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HYBRID APPROACHES
• Hybridize multicast and unicast
– Same ABR media source
– Convert multicast to unicast at the edge or CPEs - for live content
– E.g. Arris Multicast Assisted ABR; BroadPeak nanoCDN;
• Unicast Long-Tail Channels only
– Distribute the most popular 10-20 channels through multicast
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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COMPARISON
Multicast Unicast
Network Efficiency More efficient Less efficient
Network Complexity Harder to debug & manage Well understood
Peak Bandwidth Lower / smooth peaks Higher peaks
Stream Delay Reduced ( < 8 seconds) Significant ( > 30 seconds)
Terminal Complexity Significant Reduced
Wi-Fi Not recommended Supported
Mobile Networks Not recommended Supported
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – DATA
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST ** End of 2018 projections
* Estimated numbers
Parameters
# Clients
# Set-Top-Boxes
Peak # Streams
# TV Channels
Channels' Bitrate (SD/HD/4K) 2 6 12 2 6 12 2 6 12 2 6 12
Headend Channels Mix (SD/HD/4K) 72% 28% 0% 40% 50% 10% 60% 40% 0% 30% 50% 20%
Clients' Channels Mix (SD/HD/4K) 80% 20% 0% 55% 40% 5% 70% 30% 0% 25% 60% 15%
Peak # Different TV Channels
Clients' Avg. Peak Other IPTV Unicast (Mbps)
Clients' Avg. Peak Internet (Mbps)
Clients per OLT
OLTs per Service Router
Computed Parameters
Headend Multicast Traffic (Mbps)
OLTs Uplink Multicast Traffic (Mbps)
Total # Service Routers
Total # OLTs
0,8320,416 0,416 0,832
451
600 600 900 900
610 975 1 800 3 000
161 161 250 250
10 10
60 60 90 90
10 10
0,375 0,750 0,375 0,750
660 800 1 475
1 800 000 1 800 000
195 195 500 500
1 800 000 1 800 000
1 600 000 1 600 000 5 400 000 5 400 000
1 200 000 1 200 000
900 000 900 000
2 000 2 000 2 000 2 000
Portuguese-Inspired * Future USA **2017 2021 2018 2021
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – CURRENT PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Nothing changes for clients
• Each client sees the same traffic – Total: 2,89Mbps
– Internet: 420Kbps
– (OnDemand) IPTV Unicast: 380Kbps
– Live IPTV Traffic: 2,10Mbps
Client Multicast Client UnicastUplink Uplink
Total Number of Clients 1 200 000 Total Number of Clients 1 200 000
Peak Number of Streams 900 000 Peak Number of Streams 900 000
Streams / Client 0,75 Streams / Client 0,75
Uplink Mcast 2,10 Uplink Unicast Live 2,10
Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,38 Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,38
Uplink Unicast Internet 0,42 Uplink Unicast Internet 0,42
Total Uplink Bandwidth 2,89 Total Uplink Bandwidth 2,89
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – CURRENT PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink does not change
– Each client has a dedicated link
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 451Mbps -> 4200Mbps
– Total: 2033 Mbps -> 5782 Mbps
• feasible with 10GbE uplinks
– Depends heavily on the Channel Mix
– What if 4K becomes the norm?
OLT Multicast OLT UnicastUplink Uplink
Unique TV Channels 161 Unique TV Channels 161
Average Channel Bitrate 2,80 Average Channel Bitrate 2,80
Uplink Mcast 451 Uplink Unicast Live 4200
Uplink Unicast IPTV 750 Uplink Unicast IPTV 750
Uplink Unicast Internet 832 Uplink Unicast Internet 832
Total Uplink Bandwidth 2 033 Total Uplink Bandwidth 5782
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of Clients 2 000 Number of Clients 2 000
Number of Streams 1500 Number of Streams 1500
Downlink Mcast 4200 Downlink Unicast Live 4200
Downlink Unicast IPTV 750 Downlink Unicast IPTV 750
Downlink Unicast Internet 832 Downlink Unicast Internet 832
Total Downlink Bandwidth 5782 Total Downlink Bandwidth 5782
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – CURRENT PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 610Mbps -> 42Gbps
– Total: 16Gbps -> 58Gbps
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 4.5Gbps -> 42Gbps
– Total: 20Gbps -> 58Gbps
• feasible on 100GbE SR uplinks
• Good location for caching appliances
Service Router Multicast Service Router UnicastUplink Uplink
Uplink Mcast 610 Uplink Unicast Live 42000
Uplink Unicast IPTV 7500 Uplink Unicast IPTV 7500
Uplink Unicast Internet 8320 Uplink Unicast Internet 8320
Total Uplink Bandwidth 16430 Total Uplink Bandwidth 57820
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of OLTs 10 Number of OLTs 10
Downlink Mcast 4508 Downlink Unicast Live 42000
Downlink Unicast IPTV 7500 Downlink Unicast IPTV 7500
Downlink Unicast Internet 8320 Downlink Unicast Internet 8320
Total Downlink Bandwidth 20328 Total Downlink Bandwidth 57820
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – CURRENT PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 610Mbps -> 2.5Tbps
• Not feasible without caching appliances
• With perfect caching appliances at SRs
– Live IPTV Traffic: 610Mbps -> 37Gbps
– Depends on caching topology
– feasible
Headend Multicast Headend UnicastDownlink Downlink
Number of TV Channels 195 Number of TV Channels 195
Average Channel Bitrate 3,13 Average Channel Bitrate 3,13
Total Channels' Bitrate 610 Total Channels' Bitrate 610
Number of Service Routers 60 Number of Service Routers 60
Total Downlink Bandwidth 610 Total Downlink Bandwidth 2520000
52
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2018
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Increase in client traffic vs. PT
– Different HD/SD mix
– 3 STBs/client
• Each client sees the same traffic
– Total: 3,99Mbps
– Internet: 420Kbps
– (OnDemand) IPTV Unicast: 380Kbps
– Live IPTV Traffic: 3,20Mbps
1 ---> 90
Client Multicast Client UnicastUplink Uplink
Total Number of Clients 1 800 000 Total Number of Clients 1 800 000
Peak Number of Streams 1 800 000 Peak Number of Streams 1 800 000
Streams / Client 1 Streams / Client 1
Uplink Mcast 3,20 Uplink Unicast Live 3,20
Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,38 Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,38
Uplink Unicast Internet 0,42 Uplink Unicast Internet 0,42
Total Uplink Bandwidth 3,99 Total Uplink Bandwidth 3,99
53
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2018
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink does not change
– Each client has a dedicated link
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 800Mbps -> 6400Mbps
– Total: 2382 Mbps -> 7982 Mbps
• Tight on 10GbE uplinks
– 8Gbps may cause traffic queuing delays
– Especially relevant on TCP streams
1 ---> 90
OLT Multicast OLT UnicastUplink Uplink
Unique TV Channels 250 Unique TV Channels 250
Average Channel Bitrate 3,20 Average Channel Bitrate 3,20
Uplink Mcast 800 Uplink Unicast Live 6400
Uplink Unicast IPTV 750 Uplink Unicast IPTV 750
Uplink Unicast Internet 832 Uplink Unicast Internet 832
Total Uplink Bandwidth 2 382 Total Uplink Bandwidth 7982
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of Clients 2 000 Number of Clients 2 000
Number of Streams 2000 Number of Streams 2000
Downlink Mcast 6400 Downlink Unicast Live 6400
Downlink Unicast IPTV 750 Downlink Unicast IPTV 750
Downlink Unicast Internet 832 Downlink Unicast Internet 832
Total Downlink Bandwidth 7982 Total Downlink Bandwidth 7982
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2018
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 1.8Gbps -> 64Gbps
– Total: 18Gbps -> 80Gbps
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 8Gbps -> 64Gbps
– Total: 24Gbps -> 80Gbps
• Tight on 100GbE SR uplinks
• Good location for caching appliances
1 ---> 90
Service Router Multicast Service Router UnicastUplink Uplink
Uplink Mcast 1 800 Uplink Unicast Live 64000
Uplink Unicast IPTV 7500 Uplink Unicast IPTV 7500
Uplink Unicast Internet 8320 Uplink Unicast Internet 8320
Total Uplink Bandwidth 17620 Total Uplink Bandwidth 79820
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of OLTs 10 Number of OLTs 10
Downlink Mcast 8000 Downlink Unicast Live 64000
Downlink Unicast IPTV 7500 Downlink Unicast IPTV 7500
Downlink Unicast Internet 8320 Downlink Unicast Internet 8320
Total Downlink Bandwidth 23820 Total Downlink Bandwidth 79820
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2018
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink changes significantly:
– Live IPTV Traffic: 1.8Gbps -> 5.8Tbps
• Not feasible without caching appliances
• With perfect caching appliances at SRs
– Live IPTV Traffic: 1800Mbps -> 162Gbps
– Depends on caching topology
– feasible with proper cache tuning
1 ---> 90
Headend Multicast Headend UnicastDownlink Downlink
Number of TV Channels 500 Number of TV Channels 500
Average Channel Bitrate 3,60 Average Channel Bitrate 3,60
Total Channels' Bitrate 1 800 Total Channels' Bitrate 1800
Number of Service Routers 90 Number of Service Routers 90
Total Downlink Bandwidth 1 800 Total Downlink Bandwidth 5760000
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
• Projections
– Client Channel Traffic Mix Changes
• From 80% SD / 20% HD / 0% 4K
• To 55% SD / 40% HD / 5% 4K
– 100% traffic increase on other Unicast services
• Internet
• IPTV On-Demand
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REFERENCE SCENARIOS – PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Expected increase in residential unicast traffic
– 2.89 Mbps in 2016
– 4.66 Mbps in 2021
• No difference between unicast and multicast at the clients
Client Multicast Client UnicastUplink Uplink
Total Number of Clients 1 200 000 Total Number of Clients 1 200 000
Peak Number of Streams 900 000 Peak Number of Streams 900 000
Streams / Client 0,75 Streams / Client 0,75
Uplink Mcast 3,08 Uplink Unicast Live 3,08
Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,75 Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,75
Uplink Unicast Internet 0,83 Uplink Unicast Internet 0,83
Total Uplink Bandwidth 4,66 Total Uplink Bandwidth 4,66
58
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink does not change
– Each client has a dedicated link
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 660Mbps -> 6,2Gbps
– Total: 3.8 Gbps -> 9 Gbps
• Change to unicast will require upgrading OLTs to use interfaces faster than 10GbE
• Or a reduction in the # of clients per OLT
OLT Multicast OLT UnicastUplink Uplink
Unique TV Channels 161 Unique TV Channels 161
Average Channel Bitrate 4,10 Average Channel Bitrate 4,10
Uplink Mcast 660 Uplink Unicast Live 6150
Uplink Unicast IPTV 1500 Uplink Unicast IPTV 1500
Uplink Unicast Internet 1664 Uplink Unicast Internet 1664
Total Uplink Bandwidth 3 824 Total Uplink Bandwidth 9314
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of Clients 2 000 Number of Clients 2 000
Number of Streams 1500 Number of Streams 1500
Downlink Mcast 6150 Downlink Unicast Live 6150
Downlink Unicast IPTV 1500 Downlink Unicast IPTV 1500
Downlink Unicast Internet 1664 Downlink Unicast Internet 1664
Total Downlink Bandwidth 9314 Total Downlink Bandwidth 9314
59
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 975Mbps -> 61.5Gbps
– Total: 32Gbps -> 93Gbps
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 6.6Gbps -> 61.5Gbps
– Total: 38Gbps -> 93Gbps
• Impossible on 100 GbE interfaces
– Faster interfaces and/or fewer OLTs per SR
• Good location for caching appliances
Service Router Multicast Service Router UnicastUplink Uplink
Uplink Mcast 975 Uplink Unicast Live 61500
Uplink Unicast IPTV 15000 Uplink Unicast IPTV 15000
Uplink Unicast Internet 16640 Uplink Unicast Internet 16640
Total Uplink Bandwidth 32615 Total Uplink Bandwidth 93140
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of OLTs 10 Number of OLTs 10
Downlink Mcast 6601 Downlink Unicast Live 61500
Downlink Unicast IPTV 15000 Downlink Unicast IPTV 15000
Downlink Unicast Internet 16640 Downlink Unicast Internet 16640
Total Downlink Bandwidth 38241 Total Downlink Bandwidth 93140
60
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – PORTUGUESE-INSPIRED 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 60
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 975Mbps -> 3.7 Tbps
• Not feasible without caching appliances
• With perfect caching appliances at SRs
– Live IPTV Traffic: 975Mbps -> 59Gbps
– Depends on caching topology
– feasible with proper cache tuning
Headend Multicast Headend UnicastDownlink Downlink
Number of TV Channels 195 Number of TV Channels 195
Average Channel Bitrate 5,00 Average Channel Bitrate 5,00
Total Channels' Bitrate 975 Total Channels' Bitrate 975
Number of Service Routers 60 Number of Service Routers 60
Total Downlink Bandwidth 975 Total Downlink Bandwidth 3690000
61
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
• Projections
– Client Channel Traffic Mix Changes
• From 70% SD / 30% HD / 0% 4K
• To 25% SD / 60% HD / 15% 4K
– 100% traffic increase on other Unicast services
• Internet
• IPTV On-Demand
62
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Expected increase in residential unicast traffic
– 3.99 Mbps in 2018
– 7.48 Mbps in 2021
• No difference between unicast and multicast at the clients
1 ---> 90
Client Multicast Client UnicastUplink Uplink
Total Number of Clients 1 800 000 Total Number of Clients 1 800 000
Peak Number of Streams 1 800 000 Peak Number of Streams 1 800 000
Streams / Client 1 Streams / Client 1
Uplink Mcast 5,90 Uplink Unicast Live 5,90
Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,75 Uplink Unicast IPTV 0,75
Uplink Unicast Internet 0,83 Uplink Unicast Internet 0,83
Total Uplink Bandwidth 7,48 Total Uplink Bandwidth 7,48
63
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink does not change
– Each client has a dedicated link
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 1.5 Gbps -> 11.8Gbps
– Total: 4.6 Gbps -> 15 Gbps
• Change to unicast will require upgrading OLTs to use interfaces faster than 10GbE
• Or a reduction in the # of clients per OLT
1 ---> 90
OLT Multicast OLT UnicastUplink Uplink
Unique TV Channels 250 Unique TV Channels 250
Average Channel Bitrate 5,90 Average Channel Bitrate 5,90
Uplink Mcast 1 475 Uplink Unicast Live 11800
Uplink Unicast IPTV 1500 Uplink Unicast IPTV 1500
Uplink Unicast Internet 1664 Uplink Unicast Internet 1664
Total Uplink Bandwidth 4 639 Total Uplink Bandwidth 14964
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of Clients 2 000 Number of Clients 2 000
Number of Streams 2000 Number of Streams 2000
Downlink Mcast 11800 Downlink Unicast Live 11800
Downlink Unicast IPTV 1500 Downlink Unicast IPTV 1500
Downlink Unicast Internet 1664 Downlink Unicast Internet 1664
Total Downlink Bandwidth 14964 Total Downlink Bandwidth 14964
64
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Uplink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 3Gbps -> 118Gbps
– Total: 35Gbps -> 150Gbps
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 15Gbps -> 118Gbps
– Total: 46Gbps -> 150Gbps
• Impossible on 100 GbE interfaces
– Faster interfaces and/or fewer OLTs per SR
• Good location for caching appliances
1 ---> 90
Service Router Multicast Service Router UnicastUplink Uplink
Uplink Mcast 3 000 Uplink Unicast Live 118000
Uplink Unicast IPTV 15000 Uplink Unicast IPTV 15000
Uplink Unicast Internet 16640 Uplink Unicast Internet 16640
Total Uplink Bandwidth 34640 Total Uplink Bandwidth 149640
Aggregated Downlink Aggregated Downlink
Number of OLTs 10 Number of OLTs 10
Downlink Mcast 14750 Downlink Unicast Live 118000
Downlink Unicast IPTV 15000 Downlink Unicast IPTV 15000
Downlink Unicast Internet 16640 Downlink Unicast Internet 16640
Total Downlink Bandwidth 46390 Total Downlink Bandwidth 149640
65
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – USA 2021
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> 90
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
• Downlink changes significantly
– Live IPTV Traffic: 3Gbps -> 11 Tbps
• Not feasible without caching appliances
• With perfect caching appliances at SRs
– Live IPTV Traffic: 3Gbps -> 270Tbps
– Depends on caching topology
Headend Multicast Headend UnicastDownlink Downlink
Number of TV Channels 500 Number of TV Channels 500
Average Channel Bitrate 6,00 Average Channel Bitrate 6,00
Total Channels' Bitrate 3 000 Total Channels' Bitrate 3000
Number of Service Routers 90 Number of Service Routers 90
Total Downlink Bandwidth 3 000 Total Downlink Bandwidth 10620000
66
REFERENCE SCENARIOS – SUMMARY
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
Headend HeadEnd
HeadEnd OLT
Service Routers
Service Routers
Service Routers
Client Client
Client 1 -------------> 10 1 -----------> 2k 1 ---> *
Average Client Typical OLT Typical SR IPTV PT
* Values in Mbps
Mcast Unicast Mcast Unicast Mcast Unicast Mcast Unicast
Headend Downlink 610 2 520 000 975 3 690 000 1 800 5 760 000 3 000 10 620 000
Uplink 16 430 57 820 32 615 93 140 17 620 79 820 34 640 149 640
Downlink 20 328 57 820 38 241 93 140 23 820 79 820 46 390 149 640
Uplink 2 033 5 782 3 824 9 314 2 382 7 982 4 639 14 964
Downlink 5 782 5 782 9 314 9 314 7 982 7 982 14 964 14 964
Client Uplink 2,89 2,89 4,66 4,66 3,99 3,99 7,48 7,48
OLT
Future USA2018 2021
Portuguese-Inspired2017 2021
Service
Router
67
CONCLUSIONS
• Usage of unicast simplifies stream management on client terminals
• Unicast has no issues with wireless networks such as Wi-Fi
• With current traffic profiles migration to unicast is feasible
– But requires expenditure on caching appliances (e.g. 1 per SR)
– Requires specific content protection schemes to avoid large synchronous load on control plane
• Evolution towards more HD and 4K will place a significant strain on the network
– Requires faster interfaces on SRs / OLTs and/or fewer clients per OLT
– Multicast handles 4K without additional network investment
LIVE MULTICAST vs. UNICAST
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69
USER INTERFACE (UI)
• Lighter Look and Feel
• Minimalism
• Video Content Overlay
• Content is the UI
• Big images and titles
• Large background areas
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
70
HARDWARE AND DEVICES – IMPROVEMENTS
• More Performance
– STB with more memory
– Less power consumption
– Faster (lower startup time)
• Cloud-based Solutions
– Cloud-based services
– Cloud-based recordings storage
• New TV Platforms
– Switch from proprietary to open platforms
– Open platforms: RDK, Android TV
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
71
HARDWARE AND DEVICES – DESIGN
• Design Evolution
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Samsung Smart TV remote evolution
(2015-2016)
Apple TV STB and remote
Google Home speaker
Remove noise and unnecessary features, smaller set-top-boxes, cleaner remote
controls
Simplicity
In harmony with the environment, discreet but recognizable and
interoperable with other devices
Context
Unique devices, branding differentiation, consistent ecosystem
Branding
Sky Q Hub
Swisscom STB evolution (2014-2016)
72
HARDWARE AND DEVICES – DEVICES
• Multiple Devices
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Xiaomi 4K HDR Android TV Set-top Box
SKY Q HUB
Swisscom TV 2.0
ROKU Amazon Fire TV
73
HARDWARE AND DEVICES – FEATURES
• Emerging Features
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
74
CLOUD
• Industry moving to the cloud
– Cloud storage solutions
– Convenience, efficiency and cost-savings
• Cloud TV platforms
– New cloud-based platforms
• Cloud DVR (cDVR)
• Different business models
– Free premium contents (freemium)
– Unlimited traffic/storage/views
– Flat rate
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
75
VOICE INTERFACE
• TV was always controlled by buttons…
• …Now it can be controlled by voice
• All you have to do is ask
• The most intuitive interaction tool
– Just say what you want
– No need to go through multiple menus
• Voice is an important asset in the industry
• New remotes and companion devices
• 54% users say “probably” pay to access voice search features
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
54% - Voice Search People would pay additional $1,99 / month *
76
VOICE INTERFACE
• Voice as UI
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
On mobile, 20% of queries to
google are through voice
48% of smartphone owners between the ages of
18-24 currently use voice recognition software
Of all U.S. broadband households,
15% are currently using Siri
15% use Siri 20% Google Queries 48% use voice recognition
77
VOICE INTERFACE
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Samsung's new Smart TV remote wants to control all devices
The remote will support the TV itself, set-top boxes, streaming media players, Blu-ray players and gaming consoles connected to your home entertainment system.
Siri Remote
Simply ask Siri to find something for you
Amazon Fire TV
Fire TV come with Alexa, Amazon’s voice-activated. In addition to letting you search for content to play on your Fire TV, Alexa can also give you news headlines, weather reports, stock prices, sports scores, business phone numbers, etc.
CableVision Optimum Mobile App
The Optimum app is TV on the Go and integrates the voice search directly on the app. On the TV there’s nothing.
78
VOICE INTERFACE
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Google Home
A small speaker with always-listening, far-field microphones that can hear you from across the room. It'll answer your questions, play your music, and control some of your home automation gadgets.
Xfinity TV
Find what you want fast with the X1 voice remote. Use voice commands to change channels, find shows, get recommendations and more.
Swisscom TV 2.0
Voice, the quickest search form
With the new Roku voice search, you can search through the widest selection of channels — by actor, title, or director, using your enhanced remote, the Roku mobile app, or the all new voice search.
Roku
79
CONTENTS – SUBSCRIPTION VOD
• SVOD (Subscription VOD)
• Offers are no long viewed as the enemy
• Add SVOD to your offer
• Improve options available
• Enable customers with more convenient,…
• …familiar, and trusted user environment
• TV Providers acquiring rights for live sports
• Sports rights become a key battleground for TV Providers
• Streaming providers are acquiring non-sports content
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
80
CONTENTS – SPORTS EXCLUSIVE
• TV Providers are getting exclusive live sport rights
• Sports rights have become a key battleground for broadcasters
– BT Sport – UK UEFA Championships
– Sky – Formula One, from 2019 to 2024
– Altice – Football, England’s Premier League
– Altice – Football, France, Monaco matches
– MEO – Football, FC Porto matches
– NOS – Football, Benfica and Sporting matches
– NOS and Vodafone – Deal to share national/international sport contents
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
81
CONTENTS – CONTENT SPENDINGS
• Streaming services becoming more competitive
• Increasing expenses in contents
• Provider agreements
– Netflix: BBC/Top Gear and Planet Earth
– Netflix: Disney
– Amazon: Clarkson & Co.
• Producers
– Netflix is producing exclusive series
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
82
BUSINESS MODELS
• TV Providers integrate OTT services in their bundles
– Vodafone with Netflix
• TV Providers launching their own OTT Service
– MEO Go, T-Mobile Binge-On, Verizon Go90
• Content Providers launch their own OTT service
– BBC Britflix, Sky Q
• VOD Providers moving to live streaming
– Apple, YouTube and Hulu
• SVOD takes leadership
– Subscription VOD is the most popular revenue model
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
83
BUSINESS MODELS – TV PROVIDERS
• TV Providers launching their own OTT Service
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Play is a KPN’s app for iOS and Android, which you can enjoy
from anywhere in the Netherlands . It offers live TV channels; on-
demand offerings and programs that you
recorded or missed. All you need is an
Internet connection, a supported device, and a subscription to Play.
84
BUSINESS MODELS – CONTENT PROVIDERS
• Content Providers launching their own OTT Service
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
85
BUSINESS MODELS – OTT PROVIDERS
• VOD Providers are moving to live streaming
• Hulu has plans to stream live TV in 2017
– "live programming from broadcast and cable”
– "live sports, news, and events”
– Channels like Fox, ABC, ESPN, FX and Disney
• Apple TV appropriate to stream live TV
– Live channels app
– Pause, rewind, and fast forward (30 min)
– Stream to other devices from a traditional antenna
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
86
BUSINESS MODELS – SVOD
• SVOD takes leadership
– Trend driven by Netflix
• TV Operators need to
– Open to open their platforms
– VOD and Content Providers contents
– Guarantee consumer experience
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
$19.1B OTT revenue Projected OTT revenue growth by 2020 in
the U.S. alone
56% of US consumers uses SVOD services
87
QUALITY – 4K
• 4K is quickly becoming the industry standard
– Most producer have plans to release in 4K
– Most Telcos support 4K (STB)
– Most top streamers support 4K
• Content 4K is scarce but increasing
– Sports, Films and Series
• Other devices that STB
– 4K Playstation, GoPro, iPhone 6s/7
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
46% grow 4K set-top box (STB) market
should grow 46% through 2021
26% of TV households worldwide will have a 4K capable TV
set by2021
88
QUALITY – IMAGE AND SOUND
• New Trends: Image and Sound
• High Dynamic Range (HDR)
– Allows much better image quality
– 1024 shades vs. 256 shades, per pixel color
• Dolby Surround Plus 7.1
– Allows 2 more channels
– Better sound definition
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
89
MULTI-SCREEN AND COMPANIONS
• Device agnostic delivery of TV services
• Seamless multiplatform experience
• Content alignment with Features
– Timeshift service for all Live Channels
• Personalization is Key for Advanced Experience
• Cloud Digital Video Recordings (cDVR)
– Leverages the anywhere perception
• Companions become Personal Assistants
– Advanced features: search, recommendations, etc.
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
90
MULTI-SCREEN AND COMPANIONS – UNIFORM UI
• Identical features among screens
– Same channels, recordings, VideoClub, etc.
• Cohesive UI/UX
– Uniform UI/UX as much as possible
• Continuous Viewing
– Stop watching on one device…
– …and resume on another
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
91
MULTI-SCREEN AND COMPANIONS – PROFILES
• Creating a Profile
– Multi-user profiles
– Helps on personalization
• Personalized Experience
– Unique experience by user
– Recommendations, notifications,
– …wish list, watch lists, binge-watching
• Multiplatform Profiles
– Profiles are extended to all screens
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Netflix
NOS TV
92
MULTI-SCREEN AND COMPANIONS – EXAMPLES
• Apple Remote
– iOS app control the STB
– Voice functionalities (future)
• Roku
– Support companion Apps and Platforms
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
93
MULTI-SCREEN AND COMPANIONS – VIZIO CONCEPT
• Vizio Concept
– TV without a user interface
– Control through a 6” tablet
– SmartCast App
• TV has no User Interface
– Partnership with Google
– Redesign the entire TV experience
– Google Cast streaming protocol
– Same as Chromecast stick protocol
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
94
CONSUMER TRENDS – EXPERIENCE
• Consumer wants experiences
• Mobile is more and more used
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS PERSONALIZED TV VIEWING
EXPERIENCE 90% of customers find custom
content relevant
DISCOVERING AND REMEMBERING CONTENT
75% of customers like it when brands personalize messaging and offers
Self-reported share of total weekly TV/video viewing time, per year, done on respective device:
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab TV & Media 2010-2015 Study
Ericsson ConsumerLab TV & Media 2015 Study
95
CONSUMER TRENDS – TIME
• Time is a valuable resource in modern lives
• Quick and effortless purchase
• On-The-Go Consumption
• Speed and convenience of mobile devices
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
more than
1/3 are always in a hurry searching for a local business on their smartphone.
40% are always in a hurry while looking for instructions on their smartphone.
28% are always in a hurry while buying something on their smartphone.
So much content, so little time to enjoy it all.
Source: Micro-Moments: Your Guide to Winning the Shift
to Mobile, Google. The New Multi-screen World, Understanding Cross-platform Consumer Behavior
96
CONSUMER TRENDS – ON-DEMAND
• Growing binge watching habit
• Explosion of on-demand viewing
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
increase in watching on-demand TV series and movies
Source: Micro-Moments: Your Guide to Winning the Shift to Mobile, Google
The New Multi-screen World, Understanding Cross-platform Consumer Behavior
Percentage of people watching different media types at least once per day
97
CONSUMER TRENDS – YOUNGER GENERATIONS
• Creation, Connection and Community
• Don't just passively consume
– 90% create online content
• They're passionate brand advocates
– “If there is a brand I love it”
• Active consumers
– 56% take action after watching advertising
• Regular YouTube users
– 76% youngers visit YouTube weekly
– 36% youngers visit YouTube daily
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
Percentage of consumers watching YouTube with different frequency
18% Watch gaming videos each week
Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab TV & Media 2015 Study http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/pages/millennials/
30% Watch how-to videos each week
98
LEGAL TRENDS – PORTABILITY
• Service ‘portability’ introduction across Europe
• Approved on February 2017
• Starts application 9 month after, November 2017
– Access to subscriptions when travelling across the EU
– Applied same terms as when they are at home-country
– Systems must remove current geo-location restrictions
– Quality must be assured to other networks and countries
– e.g. MEO Go subscribers use the service across Europe when travelling
– Only valid for residents at the home-country!
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
99
LEGAL TRENDS – OPEN TV MARKET
• Purpose: Open the Audiovisual (AV) market in Europe
• Break the current Country Of Origin (COO) principle
• There is an expectation (no dates yet) that it could be diluted
• Under study! So far, the COO principle remains
– In the future, any operator could provide AV services in any EU country
– That means, use OTT principles in other EU countries
– This creates a huge opportunities to increase business
– e.g. MEO Go can provide AV services to residents across EU countries
– In this scenario, OTT services become a strong competitive asset!
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS
100
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TV PROVIDERS
OTT PROVIDERS
SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
101
PROVIDERS
• TV Providers
– MEO
– SFR
– Swisscom
– Verizon Wireless
• OTT Providers
– NETFLIX
• Solutions Providers
– Ericsson
– Cisco
RELEVANT PLAYERS
102
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ANNEX B: RELEVANT PLAYERS
TV PROVIDERS
OTT PROVIDERS
SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
103
MEO – MEO GO
• MEO Go
– Free of charge (home-only)
• MEO Go Multi
– TV Anywhere
– Charged Services
• Multi-screen
• Unlimited service
• Exclusive service for customers
• Traffic not considered to bandwidth cap
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
104
MEO – MEO GO
• 100+ channels
• Premium channels
• TV Live
• Time-shift service
• VOD
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
105
SFR – SFR TV and SFR PLAY
• Live TV
• 60+ TV Channels
• Timeshift
• VOD Catalogue
• Unlimited
• Offline download
• Any network
• Open to non-customers (OTT)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
106
SFR – SFR TV
• 2 Apps
• SFR TV
– Live TV
– Timeshift
– VOD
• SFR Play
– SVOD OTT
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
107
SWISSCOM – TV AIR FREE
• Free multiscreen offer
• Swisscom TV 2.0 app
• Easy login with Facebook
• Advertisement based
• TV Air is free for non-Swisscom customers
• Traffic not considered for bandwidth cap
(for customers)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
108
SWISSCOM – TV AIR FREE
• 190+ channels
• 30h Replay
• 60h Recording
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
109
VERIZON WIRELESS – GO90
• Go90 “rotate 90 degrees your device to see video”
• Unlimited view
• Free to non-Verizon customers
• Revenues come from Advertising
• Verizon customers have benefits
– Access to free premium contents
– Traffic doesn’t count for bandwidth cap
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
110
VERIZON WIRELESS – GO90
• Focus on Mobile networks
• Targets Millennials public
• Integration with social networks
– Reviews, favorites
• Content
– Live sports
– Series
– Shows
– Movies
RELEVANT PLAYERS – TV PROVIDERS
111
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ANNEX B: RELEVANT PLAYERS
TV PROVIDERS
OTT PROVIDERS
SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
112
NETFLIX – NUMBERS
• OTT Video Provider
• Countries (Jan 2017)
– 190+ countries
• Subscribers (Jan 2017)
– 49 Million in the US
– 93 Million Worldwide
• Content delivery (Jan 2017)
– 125 Million hours / day
• Revenues / Profit (Year 2016)
– 8.8 Billion US$ / 186 Million US$
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
113
NETFLIX – PRICING
• Flat rate (Feb 2017)
• Only VOD Service
• No Live available
• “Live Sports are expensive”
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
114
NETFLIX – HARDWARE AND DEVICES
• Gaming Consoles (Wii, Xbox, PS, Nintendo)
• SmartTV, STBs, Sticks (Roku)
• DVD-Players, Media Centers, PCs, SmartPhones, Tablets
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
115
NETFLIX – SERVICES
• Subscription Video On-Demand (SVOD)
• Online view
• Offline view (download)
• Ratings
• Reviews
• Friend favorites
• Recommendations
• Subscriber Profiles (multiple users)
• Content producer (exclusivity) since 2013
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
116
NETFLIX – TECHNOLOGY
• Cloud Amazon Web Services (AWS)
– Graphical User Interface (custom per device)
– Control services (reviews, recommendations)
– Full Content Library (Distributed Storage)
– DRM Management
• NETFLIX Open Connect
– Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)
– Content Delivery (streaming)
– Content Caching
– Pre-positioning of Contents
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
117
NETFLIX – AMAZON TECHNOLOGY
• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
– Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
• Management of Virtual Machines
• Geographical control of Instances
• Scalability and high availability
• Affinity/Anti-affinity locations
– Amazon Simple Storage (S3)
• Web service based storage (REST, SOAP, etc.)
• Distributed file system
• NETFLIX S3mper
– Netflix software (solves AWS consistency issues)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
118
• GUI and Control Plane
– 16 geographical Regions worldwide
– 42 Availability Zones (# per Region)
– Additional AWS Edges
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
NETFLIX – AMAZON WEB SERVICES
119
• NETFLIX Content Delivery Network (CDN)
• Single-purpose proprietary CDNs (like YouTube)
• Distribute and cache content close to subscribers
• Reduce traffic in the ISP networks
• Improve subscribers’ quality of experience
• Use specific hardware: Open Connect Appliances (OCAs)
• OCA Servers contain both Compute and Storage
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT
120
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT
• Why move to proprietary CDNs? (according to NETFLIX)
– NETFLIX represents today a significant portion of the ISP’s traffic
– Important to have a direct collaboration with ISPs
– NETFLIX would be too big for Akamai (used initially)
– Customized solution is more efficient than commercial solutions
– Specialized hardware/software (smaller and power efficient)
– NETFLIX can predict most popular contents
– Pre-positioning of contents reduce bandwidth consumption
– Copy content to regions/continents is done at off-peak hours
– Once in the region/continent, the content is copied locally
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
121
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (OCAs)
• Open Connect Appliances (OCAs)
• Hardware
– 1, 2 and 4U rack servers
– Server and Storage
– Gigabit Link Aggregation (LAG) links
– Disk storage 14-280TB (example, 36 x 3.5 inch)
– 9-36 Gbps load (10,000 – 20,000 simultaneous streams)
• Software
– FreeBSD (OS) / Nginx (http)
– BIRD (BGP, routing, etc.)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
122
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (DEPLOYMENT)
• Embedded Open Connect Appliances (OCAs)
– Deployed within ISP’s networks
– NETFLIX provide OCAs to ISPs (+ maintenance)
– ISPs provide space, power, connectivity (+ maintenance)
• Settlement-Free Interconnection (SFI)/Private Network Interconnect (PNI)
– Direct peering with NETFLIX at IXs (SFI)
– Direct Peering using a private links (PNI)
• Benefits
– ISPs benefit on Internet traffic reduction
– NETFLIX benefits on higher quality video service
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
123
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (DEPLOYMENT)
• NETFLIX Embedded Peering Requirements
• Not all
providers
are
allowed
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
124
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (PEERING)
• OCAs connectivity depends on BGP peering
• OCAs support the BGP protocol
• NETFLIX peering mechanisms
– IX peering scenarios (ASN 2906)
– Embedded peering scenarios (ASN 40027)
• ISPs can influence connectivity via BGP
– AS-Path (Autonomous System Path)
– MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
ISP: ASN x
ISP: ASN y
Internet eXchange (IX) ASN 2906
BGP
BGP
Internet Service Provider (ISP) ASN 40027 ASN y
125
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (PEERING)
• 60+ IX Presence (ASN #2906)
• 40+ Private Peerings (ASN 40027)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
Source: https://openconnect.netflix.com/en/peering-locations/
126
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (CONTENT FILL)
• Push of contents at off-peak hours
• Usual period (fill window) of 12 hours
• Can be adjusted +- 2h
• OCAs are aware only about contents
• OCAs are unaware of
– Subscribers
– Historic
– DRM
– etc.
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
127
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (CONTENT FILL)
• Fill Masters (redundancy)
– Masters filled centrally
• Fill Clusters (particular location)
– Masters fill Slaves
• Secondary Fill
– One location can fill nearby locations
• Storage split
– 40% of popular content (PUSH)
– 60% of caching (PULL)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
128
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (MANAGEMENT)
• OCAs Management Software
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
129
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (QoS)
• Netflix ISP Speed Index
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS
Portugal
France
130
NETFLIX – OPEN CONNECT (QoS)
• Control Plane (AWS)
– Handles the client
– Selects the OCA
• Open Connect (OCA)
– Delivers the content
RELEVANT PLAYERS – OTT PROVIDERS 1. OCAs periodically indicate content availability, routability and health to the Cache Control Service
2. A client requests a particular content to the Playback Apps
3. The Playback Apps checks client authorization, licensing and decides the streaming quality to deliver, considering the client profile and network conditions
5. The client uses the generated URL passed by the Playback Apps to access the content
4. Based on the Cache Control Service, the Steering Service selects the OCA to serve the client and generates the URL for the client to playback
131
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ANNEX B: RELEVANT PLAYERS
TV PROVIDERS
OTT PROVIDERS
SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
132
ERICSSON – OVERVIEW
• Ericsson Video Storage and Processing Platform (VSPP)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
133
ERICSSON – TRENDS
• TV habits are dramatically changing
• Linear TV viewing is decreasing
• On-demand TV is growing
• Increasing Timeshift TV and VOD
• Multicast loses efficiency
• Multi-device is becoming popular
• Shift from fixed to mobile
• TV viewing along all day
• Clients only pay for few features
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
134
ERICSSON – VISION (SUBSCRIBER DESIRES)
• Video Quality (HD/4K/HDR/HEVC/H.265)
• TV anytime, anywhere
• Video On-Demand (VOD)
• Large content libraries
• Time-shifted TV services
• Free or cheap
• Unlimited and Flat rate
• Multi-Device and Uniform UI
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
135
ERICSSON – VISION (TRADITIONAL PLATFORMS)
• Monolithic
• Complex
• Hard to manage
• Time consuming
• Non-agile
• Non-scalable
• Non-resilient
• Expensive
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
136
ERICSSON – VISION (NEXT GENERATION PLATFORMS)
• Going OTT
• Multi-screen
• Unified User Experience
• Easy to Expand
• Monetization
• Advertisement
• Service Innovation
• Social Interaction
• Personalization
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
137
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS
• Cloud DVR (cDVR)
• Time shifted TV
• Enhanced VOD
• CDN Assist
• Dynamic Origin Server
• Master Video Library
• Long-Tail Server
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
138
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS (CLOUD DVR)
• Cloud-based DVR service (cDVR)
• Cloud storage of video contents
• Private copy, per subscriber
• Shared copy, per content
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
139
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS (TIME SHIFT TV)
• VOD
• NPVR
• Pause
• Stop/Start
• Catch-up TV
• Start-over TV
• Restart TV
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
140
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS (CDN ASSIST)
Platform differentiations for a successful platform
• CDN Assistance
• CDN-based Delivery
• Unified modern delivery
• Leverage ABR delivery
• Multi-screen delivery
• Backward compatibility
• Easy shift from traditional VOD infrastructure
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
141
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS (DYNAMIC ORIGIN SERVER)
• High performance scale-out storage and CPU
• Servers and Storage added as needed
• Ingest processor
• Parallel transcoding engine
• Advertisement insertion
• Content delivery engine
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
142
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS (MASTER VIDEO LIBRARY)
• Main logical content library
• Physically distributed
• Scaling storage
• Logically split from Origin
• Ingest, process and stream
• Multiple ingest protocols
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
143
ERICSSON – DIFERENTIATORS (LONG-TAIL SERVER)
• Deal with large content libraries
• Storage large amounts of content
• Deliver less popular contents
• Caching does not apply
• Subscribers served from central point
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
144
ERICSSON – CLOUD-BASED SOLUTION
• Move to a new operating model
• Move to the Cloud
• Get rid of old hardware
• Forget about infrastructure
• Focus on your business
• Focus on the Software
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
145
ERICSSON – CLOUD-BASED SOLUTION (CPU AND STORAGE)
• Cloud-based Solution
• Storage + CPU clustering
• Cloud-based Storage
• Distributed File System
• High performance
• High availability
• Multiple Services infrastructure
• Facilitates scaling (management)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
146
ERICSSON – CLOUD-BASED SOLUTION (CPU)
• Compute resources
• Software/hardware decoupling
• Abstract software from hardware
• Virtual machines per function
• Performance and expandability
• Stateless, easy to scale-in and scale-out
• Reliability via affinity/anti-affinity rules
• Node clustered into Point of Delivery (PoD)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
147
ERICSSON – CLOUD-BASED SOLUTION (STORAGE)
• Storage resources
• Hundreds of PetaBytes scale
• Multiple storage (HDD, SSD, flash)
• High availability and Resiliency
• Network-based RAID
• Linear expansion
• Share Nothing (SN) architecture
• On-the-fly resources provisioning
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
148
ERICSSON – CLOUD-BASED SOLUTION (ADVANTAGES)
• Faster Time to Market
– Fast and easy to build new services
– Unnecessary purchase and certify hardware
• Operational Efficiency
– Centralized management and orchestration
– Easy installation, configuration and management
• Scalability and Elasticity
– Component independent scaling (e.g. streaming)
– Automatic scaling at peak and off-peak hours
– Use resources for offline tasks at off-peak hours
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
149
ERICSSON – ARCHITECTURE (FUNCTIONS AND SERVICES)
• Functions and Services
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
150
ERICSSON – ARCHITECTURE (PROTOCOLS AND FLOWS)
• Protocols and Flows
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
151
ERICSSON – FEATURES
• Media Portfolio
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
152
CISCO – OVERVIEW
• Cisco Infinite Video Platform (IVP)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
153
CISCO – TRENDS
• Video is shifting to IP (OTT)
• Video is shifting to mobile
• 82% traffic is video in 2020
• Personalized experience
• Anywhere, Anytime
• Quality will drive demand
• Large number of devices
• Heterogeneous devices
• New Millennial habits
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
154
CISCO – VISION (MILLENNIALS)
• Target Millennials
• All screens, all locations
• More video streaming
• More mobile
• Monetization (low prices)
• Advertisement
• Add social networking
• Binge viewing
• Openness to share data
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
155
CISCO – VISION (NEW PLATFORMS)
• IP (OTT) Cloud-based Platform
• Broadcast video quality
• Premium Services
• Reinvent TV
• Any device
• Reduce cost
• Personalization
• High Security and High Scalability
• High Business models speed
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
156
CISCO – DIFFERENTIATORS
Platform differentiators for a successful video platform
• One platform for all devices
• Uncompromising security
• Best video experience
• World-class Software as-a-Service (SaaS)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
157
CISCO – DIFFERENTIATORS (ONE PLATFORM FOR ALL DEVICES)
• Single platform for any device
• Single platform for any service
• Deliver any service across any network
• Start anywhere…
– Start by any service
• …Scale everywhere
– Reach any location with any service
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
158
CISCO – DIFFERENTIATORS (UNCOMPRIMISING SECURITY)
• Security is an enabler…
• …Not a constraint
• Security failures cause high damages
• Protect premium content
• Prevent piracy
• Secure video from cyber threats
• Have a End-to-end approach for security
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
159
CISCO – DIFFERENTIATORS (WORLD-CLASS SaaS)
• Use World-Class Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Focus on video delivery
• Complexity reduction
• Cost reduction
• Lower expenses per subscriber
• High availability cloud infrastructure
• Analytics-based optimization
• Business and operational improvements
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
160
CISCO – DIFFERENTIATORS (BEST VIDEO EXPERIENCE)
• High quality video delivery
– Networking (SLAs)
– Encoding
– For all Devices
• High quality user interaction
– Content discovery and information
– Intuitive search (voice)
– Personalization (analytics)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
161
CISCO – KEY TECHNOLOGIES
Key technologies
• Virtualization
• Microservices
• Cloud
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
162
CISCO – KEY TECHNOLOGIES (VIRTUALIZATION)
• Flexible software-based applications
• Replacement of expensive hardware
• Cloud-based solutions
• Use of COTS
• Software-based
• Multi-service infrastructure
• More flexible
• Reduce OPEX
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
163
CISCO – KEY TECHNOLOGIES (MICROSERVICES)
• Enables specific functionality required
• Easy launching and scaling
• Split into small service components
• Only instantiate the required functions
• Reusability
• Rapid service creation
• Simpler and faster scaling
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
164
CISCO – KEY TECHNOLOGIES (CLOUD)
• Hardware independent
• Cheaper OPEX and CAPEX
• Flexibility and Scalability
• Increasing number of…
– …content, formats, devices
• Cloud provides this scalability levels
• In 2019, 83% of the traffic come from DCs
• Scalable cloud platform
• High availability
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
165
CISCO – KEY TECHNOLOGIES (SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE)
• More rapidly and cost effective
• Focus on business
• Not invest in infrastructure upfront
• Reduce CAPEX
• Functionality delivered as a service
• Focus on business, not technology
• Increase speed
• Scalability
• Microservices approach
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
166
CISCO – FEATURES
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
167
CISCO – FEATURES (DETAILED)
RELEVANT PLAYERS – SOLUTIONS PROVIDERS
The present document has informational purposes only and does not constitute a formal binding offer. The information conveyed does not constitute an undertaking to sell the identified products and services. The present document is subject to change without notice and Altice Labs cannot be held liable for any possible error or outdated information or for losses or damages of whatever nature resulting from the use of the information.