Although the rights of political and religious dissenters grew
during colonial times, much of the period from 1607-1776 was
characterized by social order rather strictly enforced by
Euro-American authorities and fundamentalist Protestant religious
views. Thesis w/ Tension: Created for acceleration and remediation
of US History students Slide 2 Setting The Scene: The 13 Colonies
were settled by many different groups intending to defend and
advance their own religious views while prospering economically in
the Wilderness of North America. The Pilgrims (Separatists),
Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, Huguenots, and others would leave the
persecution of Europe and its INQUISITION environment for the
possibilities of happiness in the New World. Slide 3 strongest
Argument: Dissenters in early Colonial times were often ostracized,
punished, or harmed for their non-conformity. Slide 4 Roger
Williams and Ann Hutchinson were excommunicated in the 1630s for
their challenges to the moral authorities in their Puritan
communities. Slide 5 Roger Williams would establish a new colony
based on religious tolerance called Rhode Island. Slide 6 Anne
Hutchinsons theology of antinomianism i.e. spirituality can be more
egalitarian predestination might entitle you to less restrictive
behavior was deemed an heretical abomination by the clergy Slide 7
Mary Dyer, a good friend of Anne Hutchinson, is led to her
execution in Bostonher crimeshe converted to join the QUAKERS!
Slide 8 The Malleus Maleficarum was used in Europe and the Americas
to identify and prosecute individuals suspected of Witchcraft Slide
9 The New England Puritans were basically no fun survival was
paramounttheocracy was strident superstition was ubiquitous. Slide
10 All this Paranoia made ultra-conformity endemic to the mindset
of the religious leaders in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 witchcraft
trials similar to those found in Europe had begun in America. Slide
11 With very sketchy empirical evidence, but strong conviction in
Old Testament theologyreligious officials tried, convicted, and
sentenced 20 Witches in Salem before the Massachusetts Governor
intervened. Slide 12 Women accused of adultery could be forced to
wear an A on their clothing to signify their unfaithfulness and
shame in a society that preached much forgiveness, but practiced
little. The Scarlet Letter Slide 13 Thesis support continued: much
of the period from 1607-1776 was characterized by social order
rather strictly enforced by Euro-American authorities and
fundamentalist Protestant religious views. Slide 14 1 Samuel 17:
David and Goliath Gutenberg Bible Slide 15 In 1611 the new KING
JAMES version of the BIBLE was published in England for use in all
Churches not exactly what the Catholic Pope endorsed too few books
not enough Latin Puritans were more concerned about pipe organ
music in Anglican services they feared it was the devils voice
Slide 16 3 You shall have no other gods before me. 4 You shall not
make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above
or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. 7 You shall not
misuse the name of the LORD your God, for the LORD will not hold
anyone guiltless who misuses his name. 8 Remember the Sabbath day
by keeping it holy. 12 Honor your father and your mother, so that
you may live long in the land the LORD your God is giving you. 13
You shall not murder. 14 You shall not commit adultery. 15 You
shall not steal. 16 You shall not give false testimony against your
neighbor. 17 You shall not covet your neighbor's house. You shall
not covet your neighbor's wife, or his manservant or maidservant,
his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.
Exodus: 20:3-4,7-8,12-17 Slide 17 Slide 18 Images of Noahs Arc and
other Biblical highlights were inspirational to these Colonists
Slide 19 Was the Mayflowers voyage not religious in nature? a new
beginning in a new WORLD Slide 20 Massasoits peace treaty with the
Pilgrims in 1621 Wampanoags + Pilgrims=PEACE Squanto shows Pilgrims
how to plant Fish+Seed+Soil+Water+Sun=Squash Slide 21 Native
American religious practices were largely animistic and based on a
spiritual reverence for nature these too were often derided as
witchcraft or devil worship. Iroquois false face society Slide 22
African American religious practices based on West African beliefs
voodoo were also seen as threatening and forms of witchcraft. Slide
23 African American slavery and conquests of Native Americans were
often justified in Colonial times on religious grounds. Slide 24
Legends and myths of the earliest encounters between Animistic
Americans and Christian Europeans persist Pocahontas was an heroic
early Christian convert. Her new Christian name was Rebecca Slide
25 William Penn established QUAKER settlements in
Pennsylvaniapreaching pacifism and tolerance. Slide 26 The 1649 Act
of Toleration established the colony of Maryland with tolerance
promised for Roman Catholicsbut not for Jews. Slide 27 Strict order
was generally the norm in most colonial settlements, and tolerance,
when offered was still limited by doctrines and prejudice. Slide 28
Essay thesis statement tension now identified and explained:
Although the rights of political and religious dissenters grew
during colonial times, Slide 29 Yet the rights of dissenters had
grown in this era, changing mindsets to eventually embrace ideas
from the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. Slide 30 In 1689
John Lockes Two Treatise on Government, theories would be applied
to the evolving Constitution of the British Empire as England
acquired her Bill of Rights Slide 31 The 1689 Bill of Rights was
the most enlightened government contract in the western world as it
entitled property holding British Citizens many of the rights and
freedoms Americans value greatly to the present day. Slide 32 That
the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws
by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That
the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of
laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of
late, is illegal; That the commission for erecting the late Court
of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other
commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious;
That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of
prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in
other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal; That
it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all
commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; That
the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time
of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law;
1689 Bill of Rights a constitutional monarchy is evolving Slide 33
That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their
defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law; That
election of members of Parliament ought to be free; That the
freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought
not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of
Parliament; That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted; That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned,
and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to
be freeholders; That all grants and promises of fines and
forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and
void; And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending,
strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be
held frequently. 1689 Bill of Rights continued Slide 34 In 1735 the
John Peter Zenger trial was an important step toward securing
rights of the freedom of the press to openly criticize the
government (colonial authorities). Slide 35 The Great Awakening in
the 1730s 1740s greatly weakened the authority of the traditional
Anglican and Congregationalist (Puritan) domination once seen in
the Colonies. Personal relationships with God as the individuals
Savior, were valued over more traditional religious teachings
independent and saved Slide 36 The Great Awakening was a religious
revival experience that impacted the lives of all American
Colonists whether they lived in cities, towns, villages, or
hundreds of miles from the Atlantic Coast similar to the 21 st
Century event of 9/11 it caused most people to reconsider larger
issues in their society and personal lives Slide 37 The New Lights
would establish new Churches and Colleges to encourage their
membership to grow and challenge the dogma and traditions of the
Old Lights. Old Lights Harvard 1636 Congregational William &
Mary 1693 Anglican Yale 1701 Congregational New Lights Princeton
1746 Presbyterian Pennsylvania 1751 Nonsectarian Columbia 1754
Anglican Brown 1764 Baptist Rutgers 1766 Dutch Reformed Dartmouth
1769 Congregational Slide 38 Accompanying this religious awakening
and spiritual wellspring, the scientific revolution / enlightenment
thinkers began to embrace the concept of Deism a belief in a
Creator / Supreme Being who established a world with natural laws
and natural rights. Slide 39 Deists like Benjamin Franklin and
Thomas Jefferson were sometimes criticized for their practices of
religious freedom howeverwhile Franklin and Jefferson were not
going to church to stay home and practice scientific applications
Franklins electricity = amusement ? Jeffersons pasta machine =
macaroni & cheese! Slide 40 Jeffersons The Life and Morals of
Jesus of Nazareth the NEW TESTAMENT GOSPELS reduced to just the
words and deeds of JESUS Franklins Poor Richards Almanac full of
the wit and advice of Americas foremost citizen and publisher Slide
41 they were staunch believers in protecting religious freedom by
separating the powers of Church and State Virginias Declaration of
Rights 1776 Section 16. That religion, or the duty which we owe to
our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only
by reason and conviction, not by force or violence; and therefore
all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion,
according to the dictates of conscience; and that it is the
mutually duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love, and
charity toward each other. Slide 42 Dissent during Colonial period
would eventually become the fire of Liberty that would be
manifested in the American Revolution. We hold these truths to be
self evident that all men are created equal and endowed by their
creator with certain unalienable rights, among which are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Slide 43 Dissent and freedom
of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition would eventually
be fully recognized as rights for all Americans the American
Revolution was a culmination of many events leading to this reality
Conclusion: Slide 44 Slide 45 Suggested listening for greater
appreciation: 1. Witchy Woman The Eagles 2. Take The Devil The
Eagles 3. Superstition Stevie Wonder 4. America The BeautifulKeb Mo
Slide 46 "No freeman shall be... imprisoned... or in any way
harmed... except by the lawful judgment of his peers...... - Magna
Carta, 1215 __1. This statement is the basis for the democratic
principle of the right to 1 trial by jury 2 freedom from cruel and
unusual punishment 3 freedom from double jeopardy 4 protection
against self-incrimination __2. The Mayflower Compact is important
to the concept of a democratic society because it represents (1) an
effort by the colonists to use force to resist the King (2) a clear
step toward self-government (3) an early attempt to establish
universal suffrage (4) an attempt by the colonists to establish
freedom of religion Slide 47 __3. The Mayflower Compact, House of
Burgesses, and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are all examples
of the efforts of colonial Americans to (1) use democratic
practices in government (2) protest British land policies (3)
establish religious freedom (4) overthrow British royal governors
Slide 48 ... Now, one of the most essential branches of English
liberty is the freedom of ones house. A mans house is his castle;
and whilst he is quiet, he is as well guarded as a prince in his
castle.... -James Otis, Against the Writs of Assistance, 1761 ___4.
Which provision in the Bill of Rights includes this same belief?
(1) right to a fair trial (2) protection against unreasonable
search and seizure (3) guarantee against double jeopardy (4)
prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment Slide 49 ___5. Under
mercantilism, the thirteen American colonies were expected to
provide Great Britain with 1 finished American-manufactured goods 2
raw materials and markets for British products 3 officials to
represent colonial interests in Parliament 4 laborers to work in
British factories ___6. The British system of mercantilism was
opposed by many American colonists because it (1) placed quotas on
immigration (2) discouraged the export of raw materials to England
(3) placed restrictions on trading (4) encouraged colonial
manufacturing Slide 50 ___7. Which statement is most accurate about
the movement for independence in the thirteen colonies? (1)The
independence movement began soon after the founding of the Plymouth
Colony. (2) Protests against British colonial policies gradually
led to demands for independence. (3) The King of England required
the colonists to become economically self-sufficient. (4) The
movement for independence was equally strong in all of the
colonies. Slide 51 ___8. Which principle of government is proposed
in the Declaration of Independence? 1 Political power originates
with a strong central government. 2 The primary function of
government is to protect natural rights. 3 A system of checks and
balances is the most effective way to prevent governmental abuse of
power. 4 Individual liberties must be guaranteed by a strong bill
of rights. ___9. In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas
Jefferson was most influenced by the writers of the 1 Romantic Era
3 Renaissance 2 Enlightenment 4 Middle Ages Slide 52 ___10. In
writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was
influenced most by John Lockes idea of (1) due process of law (2)
natural rights (3) the rights of the accused (4) the right to
privacy ___11. Which feature must a nation have to be considered a
democracy? (1) a strong president (2) citizen participation in
government (3) elected judges to conduct trials (4) a set of
laws
